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Ochrona wód podziemnych w świetle przepisów ustawy Prawo wodne

Woźnicka Małgorzata

Gospodarka Wodna

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2022

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Nr 3

11--15

PL

Ochrona zasobów wodnych, w tym wód podziemnych, ma wysoki priorytet w legislacji Unii Europejskiej, co ma również odzwierciedlenie w przepisach krajowych. Ustawa Prawo wodne z dnia 20 lipca 2017 r. w pełni implementuje uregulowania Ramowej Dyrektywy Wodnej oraz dyrektyw powiązanych w tym zakresie. Główny cel ochrony wód został określony w ustawie Prawo wodne jako osiągnięcie celów środowiskowych ustalonych dla poszczególnych kategorii wód oraz dla obszarów chronionych. Jednocześnie ustalone cele środowiskowe realizuje się poprzez podejmowanie działań zawartych w planach gospodarowania wodami na obszarze dorzeczy, zaś postęp we wdrażaniu działań i osiąganiu celów środowiskowych podlega monitorowaniu. W artykule dokonano przeglądu instrumentów prawnych służących efektywnej ochronie wód podziemnych w odniesieniu do stanu ilościowego i chemicznego.

EN

Protection of water resources, including groundwater, has a high priority in the EU legislation, which is also reflected in national provisions. The Water Law Act of 20 July 2017 constitutes a complete implementation of the Water Framework Directive and the related directives’ regulations in this scope. The main water protection goal under the Water Law Act is the achievement of environmental goals set for different water categories and protected areas. At the same time, the environmental goals are implemented by taking actions provided for in river basins water management plans, and the progress in implementation of those activities and achievement of the environmental goals is monitored. The article reviews legal instruments serving the effective groundwater protection as regards their chemical and quantitative status.

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Bazy danych hydrogeologicznych : zakres i udostępnianie zgromadzonej informacji

Gryczko-Gostyńska Anna, Herbich Piotr, Jóźwiak Krzysztof, Kuczyńska Anna, Mikołajczyk Anna, Mordzonek Grzegorz, Nidental Magdalena, Palak-Mazur Dorota, Paszkiewicz Aleksandra, Pergół Sylwiusz, Piasecka Agnieszka, Połujan-Kowalczyk Monika, Przytuła Elżbieta, Regulska Magdalena, Węglarz Dorota, Woźnicka Małgorzata

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2021

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Vol. 69, nr 11

759--771

EN

An important task of the Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute (PGI-NRI) acting as the Polish Hydrogeological Survey (PHS) is to collect hydrogeological data and information for the entire country. Hydrogeological databases contain information on hydrogeological conditions, groundwater resources, and groundwater monitoring results in terms of chemical and quantitative status, which together form the PHS data processing system. Input data of databases are: results of cartographic works, information from hydrogeological documentations, data produced by other institutions and users, as well as results of research conducted in the groundwater monitoring network. The article presents the characteristics of hydrogeological databases that constitute the basis for the implementation of the main tasks of the PHS, which is the recognition, balancing and protection of groundwater in the country. The information contained in the hydrogeological databases kept by PGI-NRI is made available on request, in accordance with regulations. The main recipients of this data are government and local administration, companies commissioned by government or local administration, as well as universities and research institutes.

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Wczoraj, dzisiaj i jutro hydrogeologii w Państwowym Instytucie Geologicznym

Woźnicka Małgorzata, Sadurski Andrzej

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 5

338--344

EN

The Polish hydrogeology had started its development at the end of the 19th century, before Poland was liberated. The needs for country restoration after the world war and for ensuring water supply for communities and industry required construction of many water intakes and water reservoirs. On the other hand, the development of ore deposits, e.g. hard coal seams, needed dewatering of mines and quarries. The Polish pioneer hydrogeologist was R. Rosłoński (1880-1956). He organized the Hydrology Department at the Polish Geological Institute (PGI) in 1919. After World War II, the Hydrogeology and Engineering Department was established at the Geological Institute in Warsaw. Dozent F. Rutkowski was the head of the unit for more than 10 years. Professors C. Kolago, J. Malinowski, A. Różkowski and B. Paczyński introduced in practice a number of hydrogeological studies, including hydrogeological cartography, groundwater resource balances, recognition of groundwater resources of well fields and hydrogeological units of Poland, mining hydrogeology, and the principles of groundwater protection in Poland. Hydrogeological data banks were also first introduced at the PGI. The last 20 years of hydrogeology at the PGI were strongly connected with Poland's accession to the European Union and with the implementation of European directives to the water management system in practice. For this reason, the state hydrogeological survey has been established at the PGI.

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Rola instytutów badawczych we wsparciu działań adaptacyjnych do zmian klimatu

Granoszewski Wojciech, Kowalczyk Agnieszka, Ploch Izabela, Rubinkiewicz Jacek, Woźnicka Małgorzata, Kępińska-Kasprzak Małgorzata, Limanówka Danuta, Doktor Radosław, Struzik Piotr, Dubel Anna, Skotak Krzysztof, Hajto Małgorzata, Kozyra Jerzy, Pudełko Rafał, Żyłowska Katarzyna, Jędrejek Anna, Łopatka Artur, Jadczyszyn Jan, Nieróbca Anna, Doroszewski Andrzej, Barszczewska Marta

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 1

25--44

EN

A crucial part of every adaptation planning and disaster risk reduction is estimation of vulnerable areas and risk in the future. Only a well-developed monitoring system could bring valuable information to create possible scenarios to set up adaptation plans. Monitoring systems of meteorological conditions, surface water, groundwater, landslides, seacoast, agricultural drought as well as their standards and methodologies, are crucial for establishing an effective warning system of every country, and thus are the subject of research conducted by national institutes. Therefore, the conditions of this national research (getting trained staff, equipment etc.) is essential to provide reliable information for a national adaptation plan and for economic assessment of climate change impacts. Poland has significant experiences in monitoring systems, data collecting and visualizing, as well as in the development of scenarios and risk maps. Methodologies and capacity building, necessary for their use, along with experiences and lessons, learned to get valuable information for disaster risk reduction, were presented by the authors from the research during the 24th session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 24) in Katowice (December 2018). The presentation contributed to the global adaptation process through experience sharing that is important for the relevant research conducted in the least developed countries.

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Powstanie i rozwój państwowej służby hydrogeologicznej w Państwowym Instytucie Geologicznym

Sadurski Andrzej, Skrzypczyk Lesław, Woźnicka Małgorzata

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 7

535--546

EN

Within the framework of the Poland’s preparation to join the EU, it was necessary to establish new surveys and specialized organizations to cope with tasks to implement the water management policy defined in the Water Framework Directive approved by the European Parliament and Council in 2000. The establishment of the Polish Hydrogeological Survey (PHS) by the Water Act of 18 July 2001 imposed an obligation on the Polish Geological Institute to identify, balance and protect the groundwater as well as to define the principles of the sustainable water management in the river basins. Taking into account the achievements of the Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, the PGI was well prepared to fulfil the tasks of the PHS in every way: both professional and organizational one. From the mid 1970s the groundwater monitoring has been organized by the Institute as a hydrogeological stationary observation network in Poland. The cartographic projects run by the Institute and the Institute digital data bases with a huge amount of the hydrogeological data collected till 2000 have been very useful to the PHS activity. In subsequent 17 years the PHS has run on annual basis more than 30 permanent tasks as well as more than 10 many years projects essential for the national groundwater management. Until the end of 2017, the PHS activity had been funded by the National Fund for the Environment Protection and Water Management. Currently after the water management reform by the Water Act of 20 July 2017, the PHS is supervised by the competent minister for the water management (The Minister of Marine Economy and Inland Sailing), while funding is now by the National Water Authority Polish Waters.

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Historia monitoringu wód podziemnych w Państwowym Instytucie Geologicznym

Przytuła Elżbieta, Mikołajczyk Anna, Gidziński Tomasz, Kuczyńska Anna, Palak-Mazur Dorota, Prażak Jan, Woźnicka Małgorzata, Wyszomierski Michał, Cabalska Jolanta, Galczak Michał, Komorowski Wojciech, Rojek Anna

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 12

982--994

EN

The Polish Geological Institute has been carrying out the tasks of the geological survey since its establishment in 1919. Hydrogeology was present from the very beginning and the groundwater monitoring became the systematic activity in the 2nd fifty years of the Institute’s life. Groundwater quantity monitoring expressed as measurements of groundwater table fluctuations was put into practice in 1972, while the groundwater quality monitoring that includes determination of chemical composition of water started in 1991. Both types of monitoring cover the entire area of Poland. Systematic hydrogeological observations and tests are one of the most important tasks carried out by hydrogeologists of the Polish Geological Institute. Results of these observations are used for many studies, analyses and forecasts carried out as part of the tasks of the hydrogeological survey, often in cooperation with universities and geological enterprises, for the needs of governmental and local administration and for reporting to the EU structures.

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Wnioski z obrad i dyskusji XIX Sympozjum „Współczesne problemy hydrogeologii” – Toruń, 9–12 września 2019 r.

Krawiec Arkadiusz, Przybyłek Jan, Szczepański Andrzej, Sadurski Andrzej, Woźnicka Małgorzata

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2019

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nr 476, Hydrogeologia z. 17

5--7

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Rewizja dyrektyw unijnych dotyczących zarządzania zasobami wodnymi – plany Komisji Europejskiej w zakresie nowelizacji polityki wodnej UE

Woźnicka Małgorzata, Kuczyńska Anna

Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego

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2019

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nr 475, Hydrogeologia z. 16

237--244

PL

Dyrektywa Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady z dnia 23 października 2000 r. ustanawiająca ramy wspólnotowego działania w dziedzinie polityki wodnej (tzw. Ramowa Dyrektywa Wodna – RDW) miała na celu uporządkowanie ustawodawstwa unijnego w zakresie zarządzania zasobami wodnymi wspólnoty europejskiej. Określone w niej podejście do gospodarki wodnej oparte jest na dorzeczach jako naturalnych jednostkach środowiska, a nie na granicach administracyjnych lub prawnych. Dyrektywa ta zawiera odniesienia do kilku powiązanych dyrektyw, których wdrożenie ujmuje się jako wymóg minimalny. Działania służące do ich wprowadzenia powinny zostać ujęte przez państwa członkowskie w planach gospodarowania wodami w dorzeczach (PGW), realizowanych w sześcioletnich cyklach planistycznych. Warto podkreślić, że RDW była pierwszym aktem legislacyjnym UE traktującym w sposób kompleksowy zagadnienie ochrony zasobów wodnych wraz z ochroną ekosystemów wodnych i lądowych od wód zależnych, a także społeczno-gospodarczych efektów susz i powodzi. Nałożyła ona na państwa członkowskie obowiązek racjonalnego wykorzystywania i ochrony zasobów wodnych w myśl zasady zrównoważonego rozwoju. Po blisko 20 latach obowiązywania RDW oraz dyrektyw powiązanych nastąpił moment rewizji unijnego prawodawstwa, które w wielu obszarach z jednej strony wydaje się niewystarczające, a z drugiej – przeregulowane. Nie bez znaczenia są problemy wśród państw członkowskich związane z jego pełną implementacją oraz, co ważniejsze, niepełne osiągnięcie pierwotnie zakładanych celów RDW. W 2017 r. Komisja Europejska rozpoczęła przegląd i kontrolę sprawności dyrektyw UE regulujących politykę wodną, w efekcie czego w nadchodzących miesiącach jest spodziewana nowelizacja części dyrektyw. Zmiany w dyrektywach unijnych będą musiały zostać transponowane do przepisów krajowych.

EN

The Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy (the so-called Water Framework Directive – WFD) aimed to streamline EU legislation in the field of water management of the European community. The approach to water management laid down in the directive is based on river basin management as natural units of the environment rather than on administrative or legal borders. This directive contains references to several related directives, implementation of which is included as a minimum requirement. Measures to implement them should be included by Member States in river basin management plans (RBMPs) developed and implemented for 6-year water planning cycles. It is worth noting that the WFD was the first EU legislation treating in a comprehensive and holistic way the issue of water resources protection together with the protection of water-dependent ecosystems as well as socio-economic effects of droughts and floods. It imposed on Member States the obligation of a rational use and protection of water resources in accordance with the principle of sustainable development. Almost 20 years after the implementation of the Water Framework Directive and related directives, the time has come for the revision of the EU waterrelated legislations, which in many areas proved to be insufficient and in others - over-regulated. Not without significance are problems among Member States to fulfil the implementation rules and, more importantly, the incomplete achievement of the original WFD objectives. In 2017, the European Commission launched a review process and control of the efficiency of EU directives governing water policy, which will result in the revision of some directives in the coming months.