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EN
Purpose: The article aims to assess the knowledge and interest in the offer of chambers of commerce by students of faculties offering theoretical and practical knowledge about starting and running a business. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire plus the Pearson correlation coefficient and the T-Czuprow dependence coefficient were used to examine the relationship between the study variables. The research sample consisted of students from the Faculty of Economics, Finance and Management. The sample was selected to represent a diverse group of individuals based on several criteria, including gender, field of study, degree of study and mode of study. Findings: Students are moderately familiar with the services offered by chambers of commerce. They are also not sufficiently aware that these entities can provide them with support at the stage of setting up or developing their business. Practical implications: The results indicated a need for increased information and promotional activities on the part of the chambers of commerce to communicate more effectively the support opportunities for future entrepreneurs. Originality/value: The article highlights the important role of chambers of commerce in supporting young entrepreneurs, which makes it a valuable source of information for those interested in starting their own businesses. The originality of this study lies in its targeted approach, which not only assesses students' awareness of services of chambers of commerce but also identifies their preferred areas of support.
2
Content available Dobrostan w branży budowlanej
PL
Dobrostan pracowników w budownictwie to temat wciąż mało zbadany w Polsce, mimo jego znaczenia dla efektywności pracy i satysfakcji zawodowej. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w dwóch odrębnych grupach respondentów: studentów kierunku budownictwo oraz pracowników branży budowlanej, co pozwoliło na uzyskanie szerokiego wglądu w oczekiwania i doświadczenia związane z pracą w budownictwie w kontekście dobrostanu. Różnice wynikają z odmiennych doświadczeń. Studenci bardziej cenią wysokość wynagrodzenia, stabilność zatrudnienia i elastyczne godziny pracy, z kolei pracownicy dostrzegają większą wartość we wsparciu zdrowia fizycznego, dostępie do prywatnej opieki medycznej czy otwartości na feedback. Rozbieżność oczekiwań wchodzących na rynek pracy i tych na nim obecnych może stanowić wyzwanie zarówno dla pracowników, jak również ich przełożonych. Podkreśla to potrzebę strategii wellbeingowych, które uwzględniają zarówno oczekiwania, jak i realne wyzwania zawodowe.
EN
Worker wellbeing in the construction industry is still an under-researched topic in Poland, despite its importance to work performance and satisfaction. The study was conducted with two separate groups of respondents: construction students and construction industry employees, providing a broad insight into the expectations and experiences of working in construction in the context of wellbeing. The differences are due to different experiences. Students value salary, work stability and flexible working hours more, while employees see more value in support for physical health, access to private medical care or openness to feedback. The divergence of expectations between those entering the labor market and those in it can be challenging for both employees and their supervisors. This underscores the need for wellbeing strategies that address both expectations and real work challenges.
EN
This study aims to define and quantify the impact of perceived advantages and disadvantages on university students' decision making about starting a business in Central European countries, specifically in Slovak Czech Republic, the Czech Republic and Hungary. The empirical research, carried out from March to June 2024, aimed at finding out the attitudes of university students towards the advantages and disadvantages of entrepreneurship. The study uses a questionnaire survey that was conducted in June 2024. The study tested several hypotheses, using correlational and regression analysis. The results show that the most significant factors influencing students' decision to start a business after graduation are the perceived benefits of entrepreneurship, such as career growth and the ability to take full advantage of own skills. All three countries showed some similar trends, with the largest factor reflecting the benefits of better career development had the greatest impact on decision-making, interesting job opportunities and the ability to use their own skills. University students in Slovakia and Hungary consider it an advantage that an entrepreneur has more money and better social status. Slovak students are negatively affected by the fact that the disadvantages of entrepreneurship outweigh the advantages. The biggest disadvantage for students in the Czech Republic and Hungary is the unstable financial income of the entrepreneur. Based on of these results recommendations for the design of effective educational and incentive programmes to promote entrepreneurship that could help students help overcome or mitigate the identified disadvantages and strengthen their positive attitudes towards entrepreneurship.
XX
Celem niniejszego badania jest zdefiniowanie i ilościowe określenie wpływu postrzeganych zalet i wad na decyzje studentów uniwersytetów dotyczące rozpoczęcia działalności gospodarczej w krajach Europy Środkowej, a konkretnie w Słowacji, Czechach i na Węgrzech. Badania empiryczne, przeprowadzone w okresie od marca do czerwca 2024 r., miały na celu poznanie postaw studentów uniwersytetów wobec zalet i wad przedsiębiorczości. W badaniu wykorzystano ankietę przeprowadzoną w czerwcu 2024 r. W badaniu przetestowano kilka hipotez, wykorzystując analizę korelacyjną i regresyjną. Wyniki pokazują, że najważniejszymi czynnikami wpływającymi na decyzję studentów o rozpoczęciu działalności gospodarczej po ukończeniu studiów są postrzegane korzyści płynące z przedsiębiorczości, takie jak rozwój kariery i możliwość pełnego wykorzystania własnych umiejętności. We wszystkich trzech krajach zaobserwowano podobne trendy, przy czym największy wpływ na podejmowanie decyzji miały korzyści związane z lepszym rozwojem kariery, interesujące możliwości zatrudnienia oraz możliwość wykorzystania własnych umiejętności. Studenci uniwersytetów na Słowacji i Węgrzech uważają za zaletę fakt, że przedsiębiorca ma więcej pieniędzy i lepszy status społeczny. Na studentów słowackich negatywnie wpływa fakt, że wady przedsiębiorczości przeważają nad zaletami. Największą wadą dla studentów w Czechach i na Węgrzech jest niestabilny dochód finansowy przedsiębiorcy. Na podstawie tych wyników sformułowano zalecenia dotyczące opracowania skutecznych programów edukacyjnych i motywacyjnych promujących przedsiębiorczość, które mogłyby pomóc studentom przezwyciężyć lub złagodzić zidentyfikowane wady i wzmocnić ich pozytywne nastawienie do przedsiębiorczości.
EN
In the second decade of the 21st century, mining, especially coal, began to be perceived as an activity that negatively contributes to climate change, including global warming. This has caused the world to turn towards alternative energy sources, i.e. wind, solar, hydro or biomass energy. The European Union in particular has placed great emphasis on this aspect, which has resulted in mining, often unfairly, being perceived as something undesirable. As a result, educational mining faculties, including in Poland, are struggling with fewer and fewer potential pupils and students every year. The aim of the HoloGEM project, which is carried out in an international Polish-Turkish-Portuguese group, is to reverse this trend and make the recipients aware that mining is necessary to obtain all raw materials, without which it is impossible to produce many specialized equipment. However, in order to do this, it is also necessary to use modern, attractive forms of teaching. The HoloGEM project developed an innovative curriculum for educating the fundamentals of mining, covering issues in geology, underground mining, open-pit mining, mineral processing, and occupational health and safety. In addition to traditional content, in line with teaching guidelines in this area, VR materials, presentations with artificial intelligence were also developed, and the entire course was placed on an educational platform with Open Access. For each of the issues, sets of attractive forms of verification of the acquired knowledge have also been developed. The works use the latest solutions that are attractive to today's youth.
PL
W drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku górnictwo, zwłaszcza węglowe, zaczęło być postrzegane jako działalność przyczyniająca się negatywnie do zmian klimatycznych, w tym globalnego ocieplenia. Spowodowało to, że świat zwrócił się w kierunku alternatywnych źródeł energii, tj. energia wiatrowa, słoneczna, wodna, czy energia z biomasy. Zwłaszcza Unia Europejska położyła na ten aspekt duży nacisk co spowodowało, że górnictwo, często niesprawiedliwie, postrzega się jako coś niepożądanego. Skutkiem tego, edukacyjne kierunki górnicze, w tym w Polsce, z roku na rok borykają się z coraz mniejszą ilością potencjalnych uczniów i studentów. Celem projektu HoloGEM, który jest realizowany w międzynarodowym gronie polsko-turecko-portugalskim jest odwrócenie tego trendu i uzmysłowienie odbiorcom, że górnictwo jest konieczne do uzyskiwania wszelkich surowców, bez których niemożliwa jest produkcja wielu specjalistycznych urządzeń. Aby tego dokonać trzeba jednak zastosować także nowoczesne, atrakcyjne formy nauczania. W ramach projektu HoloGEM opracowano nowatorski program edukacji podstaw górnictwa, obejmujący zagadnienia z geologii, górnictwa podziemnego, górnictwa odkrywkowego, przeróbki surowców mineralnych oraz bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy. Oprócz tradycyjnych treści, zgodnych z wytycznymi nauczania w tym zakresie, opracowano także materiały VR, prezentacje z udziałem sztucznej inteligencji a całość kursu umieszczono na platformie edukacyjnej z dostępem Open Access. Do każdego z zagadnień opracowano także zestawy atrakcyjnych form weryfikacji pozyskanej wiedzy. W pracach zastosowano najnowsze rozwiązania, które są atrakcyjne dla współczesnej młodzieży.
EN
Purpose: The main objective of the study is to indicate the determinants of taking up and running business by young people. Since the spatial scope of the research covers three countries, the authors aim to answer the question about similarities and differences between these states. In addition, the survey was conducted after the COVID-19 pandemic, hence part of the analysis includes issues related to the assessment of the crisis in terms of the economic activity of the surveyed individuals. Design/methodology/approach: the problem concerns the determinants of young people's entrepreneurial activity. The subject includes also entrepreneurial attitudes of actors under study and their approach to business. The empirical analysis involved students from selected universities in 3 countries: Poland, Romania and North Macedonia. The analysis was conducted using online survey questionnaire. The survey covered a total of 161 respondents. Findings: The students emphasised the role of competition as an element shaping the business environment. This factor influenced the relatively high proportion of those seeing difficulties in opening a new business. They realised that knowledge and education were helpful in achieving success in the market, although financial resources and luck were also important. In the consensus view of respondents, the pandemic increased the risk of operating for entrepreneurs. Research limitations/implications: firstly, the research sample is relatively small (especially for Macedonia) and purposively selected (students), thus the results cannot be representative of the entire population of young people in the selected countries. Secondly, the survey is static and does not indicate trends in the perception of the problem at hand. In the future, it is planned to repeat the analysis on a larger group of respondents in order to eliminate the weaknesses indicated. Originality/value: The article brings elements of originality in the layer concerning the attitudes of young people (students) towards entrepreneurship in a post-pandemic environment. The added value is the comparative analysis of the three countries included in the study.
EN
Purpose: The purpose of the article is to understand students' attitudes toward their professional future. Methodology: Twelve qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with university students. A content analysis was performed using the thematic analysis method with QDA Miner Lite software. The article provides an opportunity to trace the use of qualitative methods in a research project. It points out the strengths and limitations of this approach, which is not typically used in research in management science or economics. Findings: The research conducted indicates that in the context of career plans, respondents focus on three options: working as a salaried employee, running their own business and investing. Each of these is associated with different beliefs, emotions and actions. A full-time job is seen through the prism of security, but also fewer profits and demands than running one's own business. Business plans, often inspired by parents of entrepreneurs, co-occur with active preparation: taking additional courses or searching for guidance content on the Internet. Students also consider investments that will generate a passive income. They draw their knowledge on this subject mainly from online sources. Research limitations: The findings of the qualitative study cannot be regarded as representative. The results of the research should be considered as a pilot study. Specifically, students' attitudes toward investing and passive income require further research. Practical implications: Insights into the attitudes of people about to enter the labor market will allow organizations to tailor HR activities aimed at this group. Awareness that students are interested in investments and derive their knowledge on the subject from online sources may provide the stimulus for economic universities to include these issues more broadly in their curricula. Originality/value: Analysis goes beyond students’ professional plans. They were studied in relation to emotions and beliefs. The use of qualitative methods made it possible to explore new areas. The research revealed that for some students, the idea of investing and passive income is very attractive and is considered on equal footing with a full-time job or running one's own business.
EN
Study objective: The aim of the study is to assess financial expectations of the students of the Faculty of Management of the Jan and Jędrzej Śniadecki Bydgoszcz University of Technology after graduation and to determine whether the field of study has an impact on salary expectations. The hypothesis was formulated that students of finance and accounting have higher salary expectations than students of other fields. Additionally, it was assumed that 2/3 of the students of this faculty work while studying. The field and level of studies were taken into account. Methods: The study was conducted at the Jan and Jędrzej Śniadecki Bydgoszcz University of Technology. It involved 252 students of the Faculty of Management studying in the following fields: management (hereinafter ZA), management and production engineering (hereinafter ZIP) and finance and accounting (hereinafter FIR). The study was based on the primary data, obtained using a measurement instrument prepared for the needs of the study in the form of an online questionnaire (CAWI), as well as data on the number and structure of students of the Faculty of Management obtained from the University IT Department. Conclusions: The study results show that over 70% of the students take up work while studying. This indicates changes in the labour market, where the market demand for young people with both education and experience is clearly visible. The largest group of respondents, both employed and not working, are students of finance and accounting (first and second-cycle studies). The students of management and production engineering have the highest salary expectations after graduation, while students of finance and accounting have the lowest expectations. Students of management, however, fall between these groups. The salary expectations of finance and accounting students differ from the average salary expectations by PLN 1,334.69, by PLN 1,251.55 (for management students) and by PLN 1,194.76 (for management and production engineering students). Therefore, the largest deviation occurs for finance and accounting students who on average expect lower earnings than students of other fields. For all fields of study, the variation between salary expectations is low, which indicates homogeneity of the population. Interestingly, students of management in the highest percentage do not work in their profession (over 60%). The smallest disproportion between students who work and do not work in their profession exists in the case of finance and accounting students. The largest group working in their profession are students of management and production engineering, followed by students of finance and accounting. Most students, regardless of their cycle, combine work with studying. Among second-cycle students, the largest number of people - over half of the students of management and production engineering, and slightly less than half in the field of finance and accounting work in their profession. Among first-cycle students, the vast majority of respondents, regardless of the field of study, do not take up professional work. There is a relationship between salary expectations and the field of study, and it is statistically significant. This hypothesis was positively verified. Originality: The paper shows on the example of the students of the Faculty of Management of the Jan and Jędrzej Śniadecki Bydgoszcz University of Technology that the vast majority of management and finance students work while studying. The study highlights an extremely important aspect of current studying - combining studies with work, which has been noticed by researchers in Australia (Devlin, James, Grigg, 2008; Creed, French, Hood, 2015), New Zealand (Manthei, Gilmore, 2005) and the USA (Butler, 2007). The article is addressed to universities, in particular those offering courses, such as finance and accounting, management, management and production engineering.
EN
Purpose: The overall aim of this paper is to identify how student’s financial literacy may influence decisions in innovation and entrepreneurship. This article will focus on financial abilities of students and consequences of financial education in context of future business areas. Design/methodology/approach: This paper is theoretical and cognitive. The study reviews existing literature, including reports and scientific researches in area of financial literacy, innovation and entrepreneurship. Literature analysis anticipates economic and social effects of the student’s financial literacy on relevant business processes - innovation and entrepreneurship. Findings: Following the previous studies, this paper confirmed that financial literacy is related to business decision making, especially in area of innovation and entrepreneurship. The study also emphasizes the importance of extensive financial education for students as an impulse for better economic preparation. Social implications: This study provides insights for developing financial program curricula tailored for students that may improve their financial skills and help them face daily challenges as adults. Originality/value: This research has shown that financial literacy is an important aspect in the business area and need to be taken care of already on a student level. Value of financial literacy have also macroeconomic impact, as more innovations and enterprises results in economic growth.
PL
W chwili narodzin człowiek nie ma w pełni rozwiniętego układu wzrokowego. Zarówno gałka oczna, jak i droga wzrokowa oraz ośrodki nerwowe, które odpowiedzialne są za przekazywanie informacji wzrokowych do mózgu, dojrzewają stopniowo w kolejnych miesiącach i latach życia. Prawidłowo rozwijająca się gałka oczna dziecka osiąga wielkość porównywalną do gałki ocznej osoby dorosłej dopiero w wieku 12 lat. Najintensywniejszy wzrost następuje po 2–3 latach od narodzin [1]. W procesie emetropizacji poszczególne elementy oka kształtują się tak, by w efekcie uzyskać oko miarowe. W wieku od 3 do 6 lat dziecko rozpoczyna edukację. Zarówno w przedszkolu, jak i w szkole spotyka się ono z zadaniami, które ma obowiązek wykonać. Bardzo duże znaczenie w realizacji tych zadań ma nie tylko wyraźne widzenie, którego wykładnikiem jest pełna ostrość wzroku, ale również prawidłowe widzenie obuoczne, akomodacja oraz konwergencja. Jakiekolwiek nieprawidłowości pojawiające się na tym etapie mogą utrudniać dziecku naukę czytania oraz pisania, na dalszych etapach rozumienia i interpretowania omawianego tekstu, co wiąże się z uzyskiwaniem gorszych od rówieśników wyników w nauce [2,3].
PL
Dane w niniejszym artykule pochodzą z badania, które przeprowadzono na potrzeby pracy magisterskiej. Czytanie i pisanie to jedne z najważniejszych umiejętności, które dziecko musi opanować w pierwszych latach nauki w szkole. Istotne jest, aby zdolności te nabyło do czasu ukończenia trzeciej klasy tak, aby na kolejnych etapach edukacji potrafiło płynnie i ze zrozumieniem czytać, pisać oraz liczyć. U dzieci z obniżoną ostrością wzroku czas zdobywania podstawowych umiejętności szkolnych trwa dłużej. Szacuje się, że około 13 mln dzieci na świecie w wieku pomiędzy 5. a 15. rokiem życia ma problemy z widzeniem w związku z występującą i nieskorygowaną wadą wzroku. Sytuację tę stwierdza się częściej u dzieci pochodzących z rodzin o niskim statusie ekonomiczno-społecznym, dodatkowo obserwuje się u nich także trudności z nauką.
PL
Wady refrakcji stanowią istotny problem wśród dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym i wczesnoszkolnym. Bardzo duże znaczenie ma ich wczesne wykrycie, zastosowanie odpowiedniej korekcji oraz w szczególnych sytuacjach wdrożenie odpowiedniej terapii mającej na celu poprawę widzenia w przypadku niedowidzenia, usprawnienie widzenia obuocznego oraz koordynacji wzrokowo-motorycznej. Działania te mają niebagatelne znaczenie dla edukacji małych uczniów. W procesie rozpoznania zaburzeń widzenia u dzieci dużą rolę odgrywają nauczyciele. To oni spędzają z dzieckiem dużo czasu, obserwują na co dzień jego postępy w nauce i na podstawie charakterystycznych zachowań ucznia mogą podejrzewać problemy z widzeniem. Dzięki elementarnej wiedzy pedagogów na temat wad wzroku i znaczenia prawidłowego widzenia w procesie kształcenia możliwe jest wczesne podjęcie działań i skierowanie dziecka do specjalisty ochrony wzroku.
EN
The subject of this communication is the evaluation of the results of pedagogical research focused on environmental-technical university education within the framework of a four-year PL-CZ project supported by the EU, entitled "Cooperation between the University of Opole and the University of Hradec Kralove increasing the employability of graduates on the cross-border labour market" and its three-year sustainability, which we have already reported on in a previous communication in this Journal. The aim was to increase the mutual cross-border substitutability of graduates of environmental-technical fields of study of the Faculty of Science and Technology of the University of Opole (PL) and the Faculty of Science of the University of Hradec Kralove (CZ), when looking for employment in Czech and Polish companies. There is an increasing number of graduates of environmental-technical fields of study who do not work in their fields of study, despite the fact that these workers are missing from the labour market in both countries. The convergence of study programs took place in the form of mutual cross-border teaching with the creation of Czech-Polish teaching materials focused on professional terminology and through exchange four-day field trips and fortnightly and monthly curricular internships. A team of internship tutors in companies, future potential employers of students, was created, a questionnaire for evaluating student performance in soft and hard skills was optimised and verified as part of a pilot study. Both groups of PL and CZ students achieved quite comparable results. There are also no significant differences in the evaluation of individual students in soft and hard skills. However, the number of respondents (students) was limited by the financial resources of the PL-CZ project, which were reduced during the COVID pandemic. Only selected students with a strong interest in the field of study and gaining practical experience participated in the study. Therefore, the conclusions of the pilot study need to be verified on a larger sample of respondents.
EN
According to the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity’s (ENISA) Threat Landscape (ETL) report 2020, phishing is the most commonly used type of cyberattack. Phishing is the technique of delivering false communications that appear to be from a real and respectable source, typically via e-mail or text message. The attacker aims to steal money, obtain access to sensitive data, and login information, or install malware on the victim’s device. Data from the same report shows that during the COVID-19 pandemic, phishing attacks increased by 667% in one month. Simultaneously, warnings about expected waves of phishing e-mails at Masaryk University in Czechia were encountered more often. However, at the time this article was written, there was de facto no anti-phishing research dealing with the problem of phishing attacks on Czech universities. The present article focuses on unintentional human error on the side of students of Masaryk University. The main aim of this article is to uncover the profile of the user who is most prone to victimisation of phishing in the university setting. These results were achieved by performing two real-life phishing simulations. Data suggests that female students are more prone to crash for targeted e-mails. At the same time, all students are more susceptible to spear-phishing attacks than to the generic ones. Findings are explained by analysing the empirical results of the two real-life phishing attacks conducted.
EN
This paper examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial situation of students in Poland. The study aims to describe the experiences of students facing the challenges imposed by the pandemic, including disruptions in education, limited job opportunities, and changes in living arrangements. The research on current earnings, expenses and savings was conducted in June 2021 by means of a survey administered to 710 students, aged between 18 and 25, enrolled in various study programmes at higher education institutions in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. The findings indicated that the pandemic had significant negative effects on students’ financial situations, with almost 20% of respondents reporting a worsening of their financial conditions. Many students relied on part-time jobs, which were disrupted due to restrictions. Additionally, the shift to online learning and living with family members caused additional stress and distractions. The findings of the research emphasise the need for targeted support measures to address the challenges faced by students during and after the pandemic, taking into account their diverse backgrounds and attitudes.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł analizuje wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na sytuację finansową studentów w Polsce. Badanie ma na celu opisanie doświadczeń studentów stojących w obliczu wyzwań narzuconych przez pandemię, w tym zakłóceń w edukacji, ograniczonych możliwości zatrudnienia i zmian w warunkach życia. Badanie ogniskowane na kwestiach aktualnych przychodów, wydatków i oszczędności zostało przeprowadzone w czerwcu 2021 r. za pomocą ankiety przeprowadzonej wśród 710 studentów zapisanych na różne programy studiów na uczelniach wyższych zlokalizowanych w woj. wielkopolskim. Wyniki wskazują, że pandemia miała znaczący negatywny wpływ na sytuację finansową studentów, przy czym prawie 20% respondentów zgłosiło pogorszenie swojej sytuacji finansowej. Wielu studentów polegało na pracy w niepełnym wymiarze godzin, która została zakłócona z powodu ograniczeń. Ponadto przejście na naukę online i mieszkanie z członkami rodziny spowodowało dodatkowy stres i rozpraszało uwagę. Wyniki badania podkreślają potrzebę ukierunkowanych środków wsparcia, aby sprostać wyzwaniom stojącym przed uczniami w trakcie pandemii i po jej zakończeniu, biorąc pod uwagę ich różnorodne pochodzenie i postawy.
EN
Purpose: The article aims to assess the knowledge and interest in the offer of university business incubators by students of faculties offering theoretical and practical knowledge about starting and running a business. Design/methodology/approach: A questionnaire plus the Pearson correlation coefficient and the T-Czuprow dependence coefficient were used to examine the relationship between the study variables. Findings: Students are well acquainted with the offer of university business incubators, while not sufficiently aware that these entities can provide them with support at the stage of setting up or developing their business activity. Practical implications: Intensifying activities promoting the activities of the surveyed institutions at universities could activate entrepreneurial thinking and the involvement of academic youth. Originality/value: The article highlights the important role of university business incubators in supporting young entrepreneurs, which makes it a valuable source of information for those interested in starting their own businesses.
EN
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to observe and describe undergraduates entering the labour market in Poland and in Georgia and fill the gaps in the literature. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses a structured and self-administered online questionnaire. The population of the Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, in Poland was 900 active students, and the students of the Tbilisi State University - 4460. Cramér's V was used to check the association between different variables. The questionnaire is in line with the International Labour Organization and the National Statistics Office of Georgia methodology. Findings: The study shows us that the results of two different countries are not as far apart as it would have to be supposed, but Georgian and Polish education system differ toward connection to the labour market. Research limitations/implications: The study uses a short period to collect the data and a small sample. Another limitation of the study is the non-coincidence of the Education System in Poland and Georgia. Moreover, the limitation that may arise is the use of Email surveys that have several limitations, primarily being that they can appear dry and uninteresting. Practical implications: The study can be used by regulators, researchers, scientists, public institutions, and Governments. Originality/value: This is one of the first attempts to analyse data from Poland and Georgia and focuses on undergraduates. The article aims to determine whether there is an association between specific variables. The authors believe that this paper will gain some attention from policymakers and can allow Governments to take action.
17
Content available Edukacja BIM - czego uczyć i jak uczyć studentów
PL
BIM jest różnie pojmowany i rozumiany w zależności od zawodu i branży. Jako technologia, proces lub metodyka staje się codziennością w pracy wielu inżynierów, którzy mają do czynienia z przestrzenią. W formalnym procesie edukacji na studiach stacjonarnych, niestacjonarnych, podyplomowych czy doktorskich kształcą się setki tysięcy obecnych i przyszłych przedstawicieli szeroko rozumianej branży budowlanej (AECOO), która odpowiada mniej więcej za 1/10 polskiego PKB. Na różnych kierunkach studiów przekazuje się wiedzę związaną z BIM. W wielu publikacjach pojawia się temat BIM-u w edukacji. Skupiają one jednak swoją uwagę na tym - CZEGO uczyć. To niewątpliwie bardzo ważne, aczkolwiek często zapomina się JAK ważny jest sposób przekazywania tej wiedzy. W artykule dokonano głębokiego przeglądu literatury pod kątem treści nauczania teorii i praktyki BIM oraz sposobów ich przekazywania. Celem pracy jest synteza najnowszych trendów w dydaktyce BIM oraz zaprezentowanie najnowszych metod i technik uczenia na podstawie doświadczania. Przedstawione w pracy dobre praktyki mogą zostać wykorzystane przez szerokie spektrum dydaktyków: nauczycieli akademickich, trenerów czy BIM menadżerów. Dotychczasowa forma monologicznych wykładów musi zostać porzucona na rzecz interaktywnych wykładów formułujących problemy. Z kolei laboratoria czy projekty powinny stać się miejscem rozwiązywania problemów i przekraczania ograniczeń, które stawia nam dotychczasowa dojrzałość BIM. Prowadzący powinien tworzyć przyjazną przestrzeń uczenia się, która w połączeniu z umiejętną facylitacją będzie prowadzić do kreatywnego tworzenia koncepcji, odkrywania czy przełamywania istniejących dogmatów.
EN
BIM is conceived and understood differently depending on the profession and industry. As a technology, process or methodology, it is becoming an everyday part of the work of many engineers who deal with space. Hundreds of thousands of current and future representatives of the broadly defined construction industry (AECOO), which accounts for roughly 1/10 of Poland’s GDP, are educated in the formal education process in full-time, part-time, postgraduate or doctoral programmes. BIM-related knowledge is imparted in various fields of study. Many publications mention the topic of BIM in education. However, they focus their attention on - WHAT to teach. This is undoubtedly very important, yet it is often forgotten HOW important it is to convey this knowledge. This paper undertook an in-depth literature review of the content of teaching BIM theory and practice and the ways in which it is taught. The aim of the paper was to synthesise the latest trends in BIM didactics and present the latest methods and techniques for experiential learning. The good practices presented in the paper can be used by a wide spectrum of didacticians: university teachers, trainers or BIM managers. The previous form of monologue lectures must be abandoned in favour of interactive problem-formulating lectures. Labs or projects, on the other hand, should become a place for problem-solving and pushing the limits of BIM maturity to date. The presenter should create a friendly learning space which, combined with skilful facilitation, will lead to creative concept formation, discovery or breaking through existing dogmas.
PL
Odległe skutki wpływu edukacji zdalnej na narząd wzroku nie są do końca poznane, jednakże wraz z upływem czasu znaleźć można coraz więcej informacji na ten temat. Wiele badań dowodzi, że nauczanie on-line wpływa negatywnie zarówno na narządu wzroku, jak i ogólny stan zdrowia uczniów i studentów. Pandemia COVID-19 zmieniła także funkcjonowanie środowiska kontaktologicznego. Wielu specjalistów zrezygnowało z aplikacji soczewek nowym pacjentom, zaś wielu użytkowników soczewek kontaktowych w czasie pandemii zdecydowało się na ich zamianę na korekcję okularową.
EN
The unsustainable level of consumption globally is one of the major causes of the environmental challenges that the world currently faces. The purchase of green products is one of the ways to promote environmental sustainability globally. The study examines the determinants of green purchase behaviour of university students in South Africa. The study merges the Value-Attitude-Behaviour (VAB) theory and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to develop a new theoretical model to predict GPB. The study uses a quantitative research design, and data is collected from students at two South African universities. The study adopts the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling for data analysis. The findings support the applicability of the merged theories in predicting GPB. Recommendations to improve the GPB of students include the introduction of environmental education as a subject in universities.
PL
Niezrównoważony poziom globalnej konsumpcji jest jedną z głównych przyczyn wyzwań środowiskowych, przed którymi stoi obecnie świat. Zakup ekologicznych produktów jest jednym ze sposobów promowania zrównoważonego rozwoju środowiska na całym świecie. W badaniu przeanalizowano determinanty ekologicznych zachowań zakupowych studentów uniwersytetów w Republice Południowej Afryki. Badanie łączy teorię wartości, postaw i zachowań (VAB) z teorią planowanych zachowań (TPB) w celu opracowania nowego modelu teoretycznego do przewidywania GPB. W badaniu wykorzystano ilościowy projekt badawczy, a dane zebrano od studentów dwóch uniwersytetów w RPA. Do analizy danych przyjęto modelowanie równań strukturalnych metodą najmniejszych kwadratów. Wyniki potwierdzają przydatność połączonych teorii w przewidywaniu GPB. Zalecenia dotyczące poprawy GPB studentów obejmują wprowadzenie edukacji ekologicznej jako przedmiotu na uniwersytetach.
EN
Purpose: At present, one of the most important challenges faced by employers is to find, employ and retain talents. Attracting the best interns can be the way of creating the company’s brand as an attractive employer for Generation Z. The management of an internship programme with good preparation can strengthen the employer’s brand from the close supervision of engaged mentors and managers. The aim of the research is to identify the impact of the assessment of the internships carried out by students on their perception of the employer brand. Design/methodology/approach: The survey has been conducted in Poland in the period 2019-2021 among 789 full-time students in different fields of study. The paper presents a quantitative analysis of the obtained data in the cross-section of the respondent's study level (bachelor’s and master’s). The theoretical part of the article explained the essence of employer branding in a contemporary organisation and the meaning of internships as an employer branding tool for Generation Z. Findings: The answers of respondents reveal that the overall assessment of the internship affects their willingness to work at the given company and to recommend the company to others. The experiences gained during the internship, mentors involvement, and the way the internships are prepared and carried out by the company, have an impact on the assessment of the employer brand and influence the decision of Generation Z to participate in recruitment processes in this company as well as the selection of this employer as the future workplace. Research limitations/implications: The size of the surveyed group does not allow for the formulation of general conclusions. However, the obtained results may be the basis for further in-depth studies on the problem. Similar research could be conducted to establish the opinion of employers and university representatives with a broader consideration of other variables. Practical implications: The conclusions of the study will deliver the enterprises valuable information about the importance of internships for the acquisition and retention of future employees from Generation Z, and building the employer brand in the labour market. Originality/value: The obtained results allowed to fill the research gap concerning the perception of the representatives of Generation Z regarding the student internships in the context of the assessment of employer brand.
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