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1

The Influence of Olive Oil Waste as a Biofuel on the Exhaust Gases of the Internal Combustion Engine

Al-Aseebee Munaf D. F., Naje Ahmed Samir

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 5

322--328

EN

Future options for addressing the depletion of fossil fuels and reducing pollution from internal combustion engines may include biofuel as an alternative fuel. This study aims to experimentally and statistically assess the effect of using diesel-biofuel blends on the emissions of a single-cylinder direct-injection engine. Using recycled olive oil, a chemical Tran’s esterification process was used to create biofuel. The experimental results were contrasted with those of a one-dimensional engine model for exhaust emissions and torque, which showed high agreement between test and numerical data. In order to comprehend the factors that affect the engine’s reaction to variations in fuel composition, the thermodynamic characteristics of the engine for various blends were also supplied. According to the investigation, a mixture with 20% of the volume fraction of oleic acid methyl ester olive-based biofuel and 80% of the volume fraction of pure diesel can be an effective fuel alternative for cleaner exhaust emissions while offering almost the same performance.

2

LNG szansą dla małych statków Magda I z silnikiem na skroplony gaz

Nowa Energia

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2022

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nr 4

39-41

PL

Czy małe statki mogą być zasilane ekologicznym paliwem gazowym? W szczecińskiej stoczni powstaje pionierska jednostka, w której jako źródło napędu zastosowano skroplony gaz (LNG). Statek Magda I jest świetnym przykładem dla armatorów małych jednostek, iż można pokusić się o zmianę oleju napędowego na paliwo gazowe. Ma to ogromne znaczenie dla ochrony środowiska.

3

Structural optimization on the design of an automobile engine intake pipe

Xie Jianxin, Liu Zimeng

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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2022

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Vol. 60 nr 3

449--461

EN

The engine intake pipe is an important part of the engine. A reasonable layout of the intake pipe can prolong service life of the engine and improve engine power. The optimization of design of the intake pipe has a great impact on the overall performance of the engine. The design of the intake pipe based on experience is subjective and unilateral, and the design cycle and experimental period are long. Ansys Fluent software is used to simulate the design, which can more intuitively reflect the air flow condition of the intake pipe and enable selection of the best layout. First of all, a three-dimensional model of the intake pipe is simulated and the airflow characteristics are studied and analyzed. The streamline diagram and velocity contour under various conditions are obtained. Then, compared with the simulation results, the position of the intake pipe is optimized. Finally, the optimized intake pipe is simulated and verified. According to the experimental results, the intake performance of the optimized intake pipe is greatly improved.

4

Wyznaczenie charakterystyki tłumienności wtrącenia reaktywnego tłumika akustycznego zainstalowanego na wylocie silnika spalinowego

Brzózka Gerard

Dozór Techniczny

|

2022

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z. 6

17--24

PL

W opracowaniu przedstawiono sposób przeprowadzenia oszacowania wartości wtrącenia reaktywnego tłumika akustycznego zainstalowanego na wylocie silnika spalinowego, na podstawie pomiarów laboratoryjnych wykonanych w odmiennych warunkach termicznych i przepływowych od występujących w układach rzeczywistych, w jakich te tłumiki zostały zamontowane.

5

The Szymkowiak’s over-expanded cycle in the rocker engine with the variable compression ratio - kinematics

Szwaja Stanisław, Szymkowiak Mirosław

Combustion Engines

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2022

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R. 61, nr 2

68--72

EN

The article discusses the innovative concept of the over-expanded thermodynamic cycle, the author of which is the Polish engineer-designer Mirosław Szymkowiak. This cycle is realized on the basis of a new and innovative, previously unknown design, of a piston-crankshaft linkage mechanism with the aid of an additional element known as a rocker arm. Additionally, the proposed mechanism allows for a smooth change of the compression/expansion ratio of the engine during its operation. In the beginning, the earlier conceptions of the rocker engine developed by Szymkowiak were presented, and then the main construction assumptions and kinematic calculations were described. It was confirmed, that the developed linkage has big potential in improving the engine's thermal efficiency by approximately 12% relative. Additionally, it significantly reduces the exhaust gas pressure, when the exhaust valve is opened, therefore, contributes to the reduction of the noise emitted by the engine.

6

Prospects for the Implementation of New Materials and Technologies in the Aerospace Industry

Yanko Taras, Dmytrenko Olexii

Transactions on Aerospace Research

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2021

|

Nr 4 (265)

1--10

EN

This article considers the main materials used to make aircraft, both fuselage and engines. First, the problems that force developers to introduce new materials in aircraft production are identified. We then present features of the introduction of heat-resistant titanium alloys, ways of improving the mechanical properties of parts made of titanium alloys, and methods of manufacturing complex details. Other promising materials for the aviation industry, such as high-entropy alloys, quasicrystals, carbon-carbon materials, and nickel foam, are also considered.

PL

W artykule rozważono główne materiały stosowane w budowie samolotów, zarówno w kadłubach jak w silnikach. Najpierw uwagę zwrócono na problemy, które skłaniają konstruktorów do wprowadzania nowych materiałów do produkcji samolotów. Następnie przedstawiono charakterystykę wprowadzania żaroodpornych stopów tytanu, sposoby poprawy własności mechanicznych części wykonanych ze stopów tytanu oraz metody wytwarzania złożonych detali. Rozważono również inne materiały perspektywiczne dla przemysłu lotniczego, takie jak stopy o wysokiej entropii, kwazikryształy, materiały typu węgiel/węgiel oraz pianki niklowe.

7

Modelling of CO2 Emissions in Driving Tests on the Example of a Compression Ignition Engine Powered by Biofuels

Tucki Karol, Mruk Remigiusz, Botwińska Katarzyna, Mieszkalski Leszek, Kulpa Leszek, Gruz Łukasz, Wiszowata Katarzyna

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2021

|

Tom 23

744--763

EN

Climate change, environmental degradation and the introduction of increasingly restrictive legal regulations mean that the automotive industry is facing tremendous challenges. The paper presents a computer tool that uses the results of tests carried out on a chassis dynamometer for a Fiat Panda 1.3 Multijet, to simulate driving tests. As a result of the work of a computer tool, the impact on CO2 emissions was analysed in the context of CADC - Artemis (Common Artemis Driving Cycles) road tests for the following fuels: diesel oil, FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters), rapeseed oil and butanol. Mass consumption of fuels and CO2 emissions were analysed in driving tests for the vehicle in question. The highest mass consumption of fuel and carbon dioxide emissions occurred in the case of FAME (respectively 2.283 kg and 6.524 kg).

8

Estimation of the equality of the beamless sucker-rod oil pumping unit by the value of the consumption current

Ahmedov Beyali, Hajiyev Anar, Mustafayev Vugar

Nafta-Gaz

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2021

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R. 77, nr 9

571--578

PL

Oszacowanie wyważenia zespołu pomp żerdziowych bez żurawia na podstawie wartości zużywanego prądu

9

Using the telemetry system as an element of the engine operation monitoring system of UAS

Buczkowska-Murawska Teresa, Żokowski Mariusz

Journal of KONBiN

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2021

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Vol. 51, iss. 4

25--33

EN

The article presents an engineering approach that allows us to collect engine operation characteristics using built-in telemetry mechanisms, filled with the passive recording system. As a result of the development of the solution, the characteristics of the engine operation were obtained under real conditions, and the universal registration tool was built with a wider application than simply the registration of the engine operating parameters. The development of the solution allowed measurements to be obtained in a passive mode using a distributed architecture for engine monitoring and engine operation characteristics, which would be difficult to obtain and archive without logger production, especially during flight tests.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono podejście polegające na dostosowaniu pasywnego systemu rejestracji pracy silnika do systemu telemetrycznego silnika w taki sposób, aby był dla niego niewykrywalny. Jest to podejście inżynierskie, które pozwoliło na zebranie charakterystyk pracy silnika w warunkach rzeczywistych. Zbudowano uniwersalne narzędzie rejestrujące o szerszym zastosowaniu niż rejestracja parametrów pracy silnika. Opracowanie rozwiązania umożliwiło uzyskiwanie pomiarów i monitorowanie silnika w trybie pasywnym z wykorzystaniem rozproszonej architektury, które bez produkcji rejestratora byłyby trudne do uzyskania i zarchiwizowania, zwłaszcza podczas prób w locie.

10

Frequency of failures in selected urban vehicle systems

Rymarz Joanna

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2020

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nr 64 (136)

9--13

EN

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the occurrence of selected types of failures and the time and season of their occurrence in public transport buses in the city of Lublin. The analysis was carried out for buses operated in the Municipal Transport Company within the past 3 years. The chi-squared analysis showed that during operation, there are significant differences between the failures and the annual season, but there are no differences between the frequency of failures and the time of day.

11

A Comparative Analysis of Approval Driving Tests in the Context of Carbon Dioxide Emissions on the Example of Selected Passenger Cars

Tucki Karol, Mruk Remigiusz, Botwińska Katarzyna, Mieszkalski Leszek, Kulpa Krzysztof

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2020

|

Tom 22, cz. 2

859--879

EN

This paper presents a comparison of two approval tests for a passenger car, both the current procedure and its predecessor. The car that was the subject of the study received a roadworthiness certificate based on the NEDC test, however, the emission results were compared with the new test procedure. The analysis showed the significance of the "start-stop" system in the conducted tests, however, assuming the original equipment of the car (active "start-stop" system), the WLTP test showed higher CO2 emissions, which did not exceed the permissible emission standard for this model specified in the relevant regulation.

PL

Niniejsza praca przedstawia porównanie dwóch testów homologacyjnych dla samochodu osobowego, zarówno aktualnie obowiązującą procedurę jak i jej poprzednika. Samochód, który był obiektem badań, świadectwo dopuszczenia do ruchu otrzymał na podstawie testu NEDC, jednakże porównano wyniki emisji z nową procedurą testową. Dokonana analiza wykazała istotność systemu „start-stop” w przeprowadzonych badaniach, zakładając jednak oryginalne wyposażenie auta (aktywny układ start-stop) test WLTP wykazał wyższą emisję CO2, jednakże nie przekroczyła ona dopuszczalnej dla tego modelu normy emisyjności określonej w stosownych przepisach.

12

Ocena teoretycznych metod wyznaczania stężenia tlenków azotu w gazach wylotowych z silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym zasilanego ciekłym paliwem alternatywnym

Sikora Mieczysław, Orliński Piotr, Bednarski Mateusz

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2020

|

T. 99, nr 8

1138--1141

PL

Przeprowadzono testy symulacyjne dla oleju napędowego (ON) i estrów metylowych kwasów tłuszczowych otrzymanych ze zużytego oleju kuchennego. Podstawą obliczeń był proces termicznego tworzenia się NO zgodnie z mechanizmem Zeldowicza dla silników Diesla. Współczynniki szybkości reakcji wyznaczono metodami Baulcha, GRI-MECH 3.0 i Heywooda. Stężenie NO obliczone metodą GRI-MECH było najbliższe wynikom doświadczalnym. Metoda ta może znaleźć potencjalne zastosowanie do szacowania rzeczywistych stężeń NO powstającego w silniku spalinowym napędzanym paliwem alternatywnym i innymi paliwami wyższej generacji o podobnych właściwościach fizykochemicznych.

EN

Simulation tests were carried out for diesel oil (ON) and fatty acid Me esters obtained from used cooking oil. The calcs. were based on thermal NO formation according to the Zeldovich mechanism for diesel engines. Reaction rate coeffs. detd. by Baulch, GRI-MECH 3.0 (G) and Heywood were used. The NO concn. calcd. by method (G) was closest to the results of the exptl. detd. NO concn. and was the best method to demonstrate the actual NO concs. formed in an internal combustion engine fueled with alternative fuel and other higher generations fuels with similar phys. and chem. properties.

13

Diagnozowanie jakości powierzchni tłoka aluminiowego po procesie fosforanowania

Czerwińska Karolina, Bednárová Lucia, Pacana Andrzej, Kawalec Małgorzata

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2020

|

T. 99, nr 10

1538--1540

PL

We współczesnych przedsiębiorstwach kontrola jakości prowadzona po procesach obróbki chemicznej, jako procesach specjalnych, stanowi jeden z kluczowych elementów ukazujących poziom organizacji produkcji. Umiejętne stosowanie dostępnych technologii oraz dostępnych instrumentów zarządzania jakością stwarza możliwość ciągłego eliminowania niezgodności u ich źródeł. Celem badań było zdiagnozowanie powierzchni tłoków poddanych przemysłowej obróbce powierzchni poprzez fosforanowanie. Tłoki te przeznaczone były do silników diesla stosowanych w pojazdach lekkich. Określono źródła niezgodności powstające w procesie fosforanowania odlewów. Wykorzystano w tym celu i zintegrowano wybrane techniki zarządzania jakością. Działania te przyczyniły się do znacznego zmniejszenia liczby wyrobów niezgodnych.

EN

The Ishikawa diagram and ABCD-Suzuki method were used to det. the reasons for incorrect coverage of the Al piston surface with a phosphate layer. The defect resulted from inadequate degreasing of the piston surface.

14

Investigation exhaust emissions and performance characteristics of a diesel engine by using addition of nanoparticles to diesel fuel

Nozari Vali, Beheshti Babak, Ghobadian Barat, Borghei Saied Ali Mohammad

Journal of Power Technologies

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2020

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Vol. 100, nr 2

129--137

EN

Users of fossil fuels are facing a range of challenges such aslong-term rising demand, climate concerns due to emission ofgreenhouse gases, ecological pollution, finite reserves and price fluctuations. Diesel fuel is similarly affected, though with its own subset of issues. Studies suggest that diesel fuel characteristics are affected by addition of nanoparticles. In this research, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were blended with pure diesel as an additive at concentrations of 30, 60, and 90 ppm to assess the emission and performance characteristics of a single-cylinder compression combustion engine. The considered emission contents included CO, CO2, HC, and NO produced by an engine at 50% and 100% loads, at 1800, 2300, and 2800 rpm. Addition of CNTs to the diesel fuel considerably reduced the emission of CO, CO2, HC, and NO compared to additive-free diesel fuel. Furthermore, with the addition of carbon nanotubes, the Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) and the Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) decreased, while the power and Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) increased at all loads and speeds of the engine.

15

Silnik bardziej przyjazny dla środowiska

Więcławski Łukasz

Energia i Recykling : gospodarka obiegu zamkniętego

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2020

|

nr 1

29--29

PL

Brytyjska firma Johnston Sweepers wprowadziła nowe silniki Stage 5 JCB do swojej oferty zamiatarek montowanych na ciężarówkach VT Range. Nowe, bardziej przyjazne dla środowiska silniki zostały zaprojektowane w celu spełnienia przepisów Stage 5, oferując niższą emisję spalin w porównaniu z poprzednimi silnikami typu 3b.

16

The analysis of vibrations in the vehicle with naturally aspirated and turbocharged gasoline engine

Łoza Łukasz

Combustion Engines

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2020

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R. 59, nr 2

19--23

EN

In this paper, the author presents a study of vibrations in a passenger vehicle and the possible influence on driver’s body in the process of natural operation. The author describes the dependence of engine size and additional equipment as the possible primary source of the vibration variations and their further propagation in the entire vehicle structure. The analysis was performed on the passenger cars with naturally aspirated and turbocharged gasoline engines. The aim of this study was to verify the level of vibrations in the vehicle structure with these particular engines, especially influence of downsized power unit, during various state of engine operation. The second goal was to examine the vibrations in the specified location related to driver’s body. The measuring method used piezoelectric accelerometers, which were attached to the designated locations in the vehicle and were able to detect variations of the acceleration. The signals were collected as characteristics in the time domain. In order to achieve frequency domain for spectral analyses, the author applied the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).

17

Overview of low emission combustors of aircraft turbine drive units

Fąfara Jean-Marc

Combustion Engines

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2020

|

R. 59, nr 4

45--49

EN

It is important to notice that aircraft turbine drive units are commonly used in the modern aviation. The piston engines are often reserved for small and/or sportive aircraft. The turbine drive units are also combustion engine. This paper presents the most popular combustors used in the aeronautical turbine engines. Firstly there are listed the requirements that a combustor has to achieve. Then are presented the combustor designs that permit to achieve the firstly presented requirements. In this work are presented the LPP, TAPS, RQL, graduated combustion zone, VGC, exhaust recirculation system combustors. For each combustor design is enlighten its principle of work, described the etymology of the given name to this design and shown a scheme. The work is closed by a briefly conclusion about the described combustor.

18

Ecological comparative assessment of selected materials used for the construction of spark ignition engines

Mrozik Małgorzata

Combustion Engines

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2020

|

R. 59, nr 4

11--14

EN

The aim of the article is to present the environmental effects of changes in material composition in selected internal combustion engines used in passenger cars using LCA analysis. The levels of energy consumption and emissions of pollutants related to material inputs occurring at the stage of engine production have been determined. The simplified LCA model presented in the paper shows the energy consumption and total CO2 and SO2 emissions on the basis of the mass of materials from which the engine is made. The research results presented in the paper give a picture of a modern passenger car engine on the basis of wear and the degree of recovery of materials used for its construction.

19

An internal combustion engine without a crankshaft. Perspectives

Tikhonenkov Serguei

Combustion Engines

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2020

|

R. 59, nr 4

39--44

EN

The article examines the level of perfection of the modern internal combustion engine design, their impact on the environment and population. A new engine concept has been developed. As a result a decrease in fuel consumption by 80% has been discovered as well as the effects of the new engine in the field of ecology such as a decrease in the number of diseases caused by poor environmental conditions, a lower risk of global warming, lower health care costs, an increase in life expectancy, etc. Also, for countries with fossil fuel deposits, can be anticipated dropping treasury income, factory closures, high unemployment, the likelihood of protests and uprisings.

20

Oszczędność energii w przedsiębiorstwie

Robakiewicz Maciej

Budownictwo i Prawo

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2020

|

R. 23, nr 2

14--16

PL

W artykule omówiono metody i środki ograniczania zużycia energii, które umożliwiają zmniejszenie kosztów działalności przedsiębiorstwa. Omówiono środki potrzebnej modernizacji technicznej, możliwości optymalizacji sposobów korzystania z energii, a także finansowanie przedsięwzięć mających na celu poprawę efektywności energetycznej.

EN

The article discusses methods and measures to reduce energy consumption, which allow to reduce the costs of the enterprise. It discusses the measures of necessary technical modernization, the possibilities of optimizing the ways of using energy, as well as the financing of projects aimed at improving energy efficiency.