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Koordynacja regulacji dotyczących zdrowia publicznego, marketingu, składu i bezpieczeństwa suplementów diety w Unii Europejskiej : doświadczenia Polski

Mucha Dominika, Dissarz Joanna

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2025

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T. 104, nr 1

163--179

PL

Dokonano przeglądu i analizy europejskich oraz polskich wymagań prawnych dotyczących suplementów diety. Wskazano, że proces harmonizacji europejskiego systemu regulacyjnego wciąż wymaga ujednolicenia zasad dotyczących składników suplementów diety innych niż witaminy i minerały. Suplementy diety definiuje się jako środki spożywcze sprzedawane w postaci „dawek” (np. tabletki, kapsułki, płyny w odmierzonych porcjach) i przeznaczone do uzupełniania lub korygowania normalnej diety. Stanowią one skoncentrowane źródło dodatków odżywczych (np. witamin, minerałów) oraz m.in. aminokwasów, błonnika, niezbędnych kwasów tłuszczowych, ekstraktów roślinnych, grzybów, alg, mikroorganizmów. Są zaprojektowane do kompensacji niedoborów kluczowych substancji w organizmie, takich jak: kofaktory enzymatyczne, grupy prostetyczne lub ich prekursory, aminokwasy egzogenne.

EN

A review, with 53 refs., of European and Polish legal acts on food supplements (pills, tablets, capsules, syrups), intended to enhance or correct the normal diet. They can include natural or synthetic substances (vitamins, minerals, amino acids, fibres, essential fatty acids, herbal extracts, fungi, algae, microorganisms) and can bring nutritional or physiolog. effects.

2

Modelling the Heat and Mass Transfer in Devices with Dense-Layer Dispersed Systems

Krenický Tibor, Dyadyura Kostiantyn, Kokhan Olexandr, Umynskyi Serhii

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2025

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nr 4 (33)

470--477

EN

The work is devoted to the processes of heat and mass transfer in moving and stationary dense layers of dispersed materials. One and two-component models of heat and mass transfer in a layer with internal heat sources caused by chemical and phase transformations in the presence of submerged heat exchange processes are given. A review of the literature showed that for a layer containing heat sources, not only information on these parameters is missing, but also methods for their determination. This paper describes the theoretical basis that forms the analytical dependencies of such methods. Satisfactory qualitative and quantitative agreement between experimental and calculated data indicates that the models accurately describe the main patterns of heat transfer in a blown layer with submerged heat transfer surfaces. The research results showed that when calculating temperature fields, reliable information is needed on the heat transfer coefficients of the layer and its components.

3

Prawne propozycje dla kopalń

Schwarz Hubert

Kierunek Surowce

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2025

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nr 1

50-56

PL

Kopalnie odkrywkowe zasługują na opracowanie kompleksowej propozycji prawnej. Jakie przepisy powinny być tu wdrożone?

4

Prace szczególnie niebezpieczne w odkrywkowych zakładach górniczych

Krzemiński Piotr

Kierunek Surowce

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2025

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nr 1

70-72

PL

Rozporządzenie Ministra Pracy i Polityki Społecznej z dnia 26 września 1997 roku w sprawie ogólnych przepisów bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy mówi, że pracodawca jest obowiązany do ustalenia i aktualizowania wykazu prac szczególnie niebezpiecznych. Jakiego rodzaju prace są za takowe uznawane według aktualnie obowiązujących przepisów?

5

Bioweathering of Egyptian Nubian sandstone and Theban limestone: three months insight by experimental incubation

Potysz Anna, Osman Amr, Bartz Wojciech

Mineralogia

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2024

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Vol. 55, iss. 1

60--79

EN

This study undertook laboratory incubation approach to examine abiotic and biotic factors potentially influencing the bioweathering of Egyptian dimension stones, namely Nubian sandstone and Theban limestone. The dynamic and efficiency of metal release were assessed by means of bioleaching experiments (quantification by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry), whereas potential element donor phases were identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS). Overall, biotic weathering plays more of an important role for initiation of limestone dissolution, whereas its contribution to sandstone dissolution is more specific to host minerals accommodating individual elements. Kaolinite and Fe-bearing cement minerals (ilmenite and magnetite) in sandstones were found to be particularly attractive to bacteria that enhanced Al and Fe leaching by factors up to 7.0 and 5.7, respectively. Leaching of Al and Fe from limestone was enhanced by a factor up to 13 in the presence of bacteria. Siderophore concentration in biotic incubation reached 45.2-75.5 μmol L-1 and 90.6 μmol L-1 for sandstones and limestone, respectively. Regardless of immersed solid, higher Ca and Mg leaching from calcite and dolomite under chemical instead of biotic conditions was observed indicating either preferential mineral colonization by bacteria or surface passivation by biofilm. At the end of chemical incubation, up to 34.1% of Ca and up to 27.0% of Mg were leached from sandstones, whereas leaching observed for limestone was up to 0.6% (Ca) and 16.3% (Mg). Limestone dissolution was assessed at up to 1.2% (Si). This study has implications for understanding the dissolution of dimension stone used as construction and building materials and cultural heritage objects such as monuments and ornaments.

6

Wyższy poziom efektywności – zrozumienie procesów przeróbczych

Stawowiak Michał

Kruszywa : produkcja - transport - zastosowanie

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2024

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Nr 1

50--52

PL

Przeróbka mechaniczna to jedna z podstawowych dziedzin nauki i techniki z zakresu górnictwa kopalin użytecznych. Zabiegi przeróbcze uszlachetniają surową kopalinę użyteczną i przygotowują ją do dalszego wykorzystania. Uszlachetniona kopalina może być wykorzystana jako surowiec lub jako gotowy produkt.

EN

Mechanical processing is one of the basic fields of science and technology in the field of mining of useful minerals. Processing operations refine a raw mineral and prepare it for further use. The refined mineral can be used as a raw material or as a finished product.

7

Effect of Biostimulants on the Content and Uptake of Selected Macronutrients in Jerusalem Artichoke Tubers (Helianthus tuberosus L.)

Mystkowska Iwona, Dmitrowicz Aleksandra

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 2

190--202

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of biostimulants on the content and uptake of selected macronutrients (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and potassium) in tubers of two varieties of Jerusalem artichoke. The experiment was conducted in a two-factor arrangement (split-plot) with three replications in 2021–2022 at an individual farm in Międzyrzec Podlaski, Poland. The effect of two factors was studied. The first-order factor was two varieties of Helianthus tuberosus: ‘Albik’ and ‘Rubik’, and the second-order variants of biostimulant application: Kaishi, Maral, Nutrigreen AD, and Vanadoo. The effectiveness of the application of individual biostimulants in the cultivation of two varieties of Jerusalem artichoke was compared with the control object (without the application of biostimulants). The variety ‘Rubik’ accumulated the most phosphorus, calcium and potassium and the variety ‘Albik’ accumulated magnesium. Biostimulants increased the concentration of phosphorus, magnesium and calcium, and decreased potassium compared to topinambur tubers harvested from the control object. Macronutrient content in tubers of the tested varieties. Helianthus tuberosus can be ranked in descending order: potassium > phosphorus > calcium > magnesium. The cultivar ‘Albik’ was characterized by the highest macro nutrient uptake capacity. The application of biostimulants increased the uptake of phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and potassium compared to the control. The content and uptake of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and potassium were influenced by climatic conditions.

8

Contrasting Styles of Metamorphic to Metasomatic Deposits of Gemstones in Cabo Delgado, Northern Mozambique

Leal Gomes Carlos

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 1

7--15

EN

From a conceptual point of view, in some ruby and garnet deposits of the Lalamo Supergroup – Cabo Delgado Nappes Complex, Northern Mozambique – the structural control of the primary mineralization seems to be spatially and geochemically related to the genesis of calcsilicate rocks, also with gemstones. Two main locations, with contrasting paragenesis, were studied in detail – Miteda area and Micute to N’Djekwa sector. Structural and paragenetic analysis, departing from high-resolution cartography, fabric microanalysis, SEM microscopy and mineral identification by X-ray diffractometry, were used with a major incidence in outcrops and small-scale mine diggings. Regional Neoproterozoic formations, especially its metacarbonate members, host Mg, B - rich skarns, bearing dravite and B-Mg-calc-silicate gemstones, especially in Micute and N’Djekwa area. Following the composition of the probable lithological precursor, these minerals, consistently, reveal a geochemical Mg - B signature that could have been inherited from an evaporite type ancestor, inter-stratified with carbonate rocks in the protolithic Lalamo sequence. The focus of hydrothermal circulation in multistage shear zones is invoked as the main pathway to interpret the complex mineralization observed in Miteda. In this case, the structure of a corundum + garnet major spot is coherent with a pull-a- part dilation associated with sinistral shear. There is a relation between red color saturation of ruby and the content of Cr in corundum. Cr can be leached from the meta-ultramafic host-rocks as a byproduct of desilication. Calcsilicate metasomatism could trigger Si sequester, producing metamorphic desilicated fluids. The focus of hydrothermal circulation in shear zones is invoked as the main pathway for the entrapment of metamorphic and metasomatic gem deposits. These occur in corridors of anomalous host-lithologies and vein swarms where peraluminous paragenesis are located inside highly modified meta-ultramafic or metacarbonate rocks. Skarn like lithologies result from reaction with a sedimentary carbonate protolith and gem deposition is mainly metasomatic. Veining affecting metaultramafic sequences of amphibolitic to granulitic facies show occasional, metasomatically affected, eclogite. For the contrasting styles of deposits represented in Micute – N’Djekwa and in Miteda, although the corresponding paragenesis are separated in space, their deposition can be situated in a conceptual model characterized by a geochemical interdependency and time proximity.

9

Minerals of antimony: a newly found occurrence in the Karkonosze granitoid pluton and a review for Lower Silesia, Poland, with general background

Kozłowski Andrzej, Marcinowska Agnieszka

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2024

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Vol. 74, no. 3

art. no. e17

EN

The article describes assemblages of ore minerals of the size of tenths to a few millimetres, which occurred in small quartz veinlets and nests in 10 previously unknown sites. This mineralization was found in the north-eastern part of the Karkonosze granitoid pluton at the southern slope of the Wysoki Grzbiet (High Ridge) in Izera Mts. The studies concerned mainly 18 Sb minerals: antimony, Sb-bearing domeykite, getchellite, stibnite, willyamite, berthierite, boulangerite, bournonite, chalcostibite, falkmanite, famatinite, geocronite, robinsonite, semseyite, tetrahedrite-(Fe), cervantite, kermesite and schafarzikite; seven of them have been found in Poland for the first time. The parageneses, morphological features, XRD data and chemical composition of the Sb minerals are presented. Fluid inclusions in quartz adhering to the Sb minerals had generally homogenization temperature (Th) 108–341°C and total salinity ΣS 4.6–10.1 wt. %. The inclusion fluids were of the NaCO3-Ca(HCO3)2-NaCl-KCl type with minor F and S, and occasional CO2 presence. The parent granitoid contains Sb in trace amounts (0.18–0.36 ppm) and the rock was possibly a source of this (and other) element(s) for the ore minerals. Migration of meso-epithermal solutions with Sb etc. was probably stimulated by local reduction of pressure during the formation of fissures and cracks in granite, next filled by quartz with ore minerals. The features of the historical process of the recognition of Sb ores and previous studies of the minerals investigated in this research are included in the presentation and discussion. Special attention was paid to the listing of the occurreences of Sb minerals in Lower Silesia with appropriate references.

10

Ważne i użyteczne fakty dotyczące inkluzji fluidalnych w minerałach w kontekście rozpoznawania systemów naftowych

Jarmołowicz-Szulc Katarzyna

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 4

184--187

EN

Samples of minerals, solid bitumen and rocks from different localities and different basins have been an object of mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical analyses. Their microfissures (microfractures) are often filled with fluids forming “fluid inclusions” (FI). Such inclusions are small portions of palaeofluids that existed in the basin during the mineral formation, which may be a significant record from the geological past. Analytical procedures comprised several stages: preparation of thin and thick sections, microscopic evaluation of the material (organic matter, minerals, inclusions), FI microthermometric determinations, geochemical analyses, and auxiliary studies. General microscopic observations were conducted using a polarization microscope, cold cathode, and the special heating-freezing stage. Fluid inclusions in minerals were studied aiming at the characterization of fluids that fill these micro-volumes in crystals. The undertaken analytical steps have led to determination of the fluids trapped in inclusions as brine and/or hydrocarbons (based on fluorescence abilities). Furthermore, they have resulted in the measurement of the homogenization temperatures of inclusions (values positive for, e.g., oil, negative for methane, pure or with admixtures), and determinations of the eutectic and ice-melting temperatures of the aqueous inclusions. Thermometric studies in the heating mode generally lead to determination of temperatures of mineral crystallization since it has been assumed that the homogenization temperature of the primary aqueous inclusions represents a minimum temperature of fluid trapping during mineral precipitation. Complementary analyses, as the Raman spectrum analysis and studies on the organic matter, lead to the interpretation of the results richer, clearer and meaningful for the hydrocarbon systems context, what has been proved on some examples.

11

Swoszowice siarką słynące i pachnące do dziś

Galas Dominik J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 12

663--669

EN

Sulpfur has accompanied us since the dawn of time. Wincenty Kadłubek mentions it for the first time, presenting the legend of the destruction of the Wawel Dragon. According to Dr. A. Wójcik, sulphur could have been one of the reasons for moving the capital from Kraków to Warsaw. The exploitation of this mineral lasted about 500 years. During this time, approximately 700,000 tons of sulphur ore were mined in an area of approximately 5 km, drilling approximately 1,000 shafts and leaving 600 heaps. Following J. Esprinohard, Jan Pazdur quotes a message from 1597 that “when the plague prevails in Kraków, which happens often, most of the citizens leave the city and live for some time near the sulphur mine in Swoszowice and no one is affected by the disease at that time”. Sulphur mining is a niche business, currently as much as 99 percent of this raw material is obtained worldwide in large-scale desulfurization processes of gas, oil and exhaust gases. This was not the case before; sulphur mining in Swoszowice was an important branch of the economy of the Kingdom of Poland and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Sulphur mining in Swoszowice was finally discontinued over 70 years ago, but it is worth knowing the history of mining in this oldest and longest operating mine in Poland.

12

Edukacja surowcowa elementem bezpieczeństwa surowcowego państwa

Kot-Niewiadomska Alicja

Kruszywa : produkcja - transport - zastosowanie

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2023

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Nr 1

24--27

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano założenia projektu „Edukacja surowcowa elementem bezpieczeństwa surowcowego państwa”, którego celem jest popularyzacja wiedzy o surowcach mineralnych i ich znaczeniu gospodarczym wśród dzieci i młodzieży. Idea projektu zakłada propagowanie oraz upowszechnianie rzetelnej i aktualnej wiedzy o całym łańcuchu dostaw surowców (od etapu poszukiwania złóż kopalin poprzez ich eksploatację, produkcję surowców mineralnych i ich użytkowanie, a także – tam gdzie to możliwe – recykling surowców), z uwzględnieniem kwestii odpowiedzialnej rekultywacji terenów pogórniczych.

13

Regulacje prawne w zakresie dopuszczania surowcowych kopalin do obrotu w postaci środków poprawiających właściwości gleb lub środków wapnujących

Antonkiewicz Jacek, Skuta Ireneusz, Pożyczka Rafał

Górnictwo Odkrywkowe

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2023

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R. 64, nr 2

50--56

PL

Ustawa o nawozach i nawożeniu oraz rozporządzenia do ustawy pozwalają na wprowadzenie do obrotu nowych środków nawozowych, opracowanych na podstawie naturalnych kopalin, surowców mineralnych oraz odpadów mineralnych i organicznych, które spełniają określone wymagania w zakresie zanieczyszczeń chemicznych (np. metale ciężkie – Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb, Hg, As) oraz zanieczyszczeń biologicznych (żywych jaj pasożytów jelitowych: Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp., Toxocara sp., bakterii z rodzaju Salmonella). Środki nawozowe otrzymywane na bazie surowców mineralnych, na przykład o charakterze wapniowym, mogą być wprowadzone do obrotu, pod warunkiem zachowania minimalnej ilości składników pokarmowych oraz przy zachowaniu limitów metali ciężkich i innych pierwiastków potencjalnie toksycznych, takich jak kadmu (Cd) i ołowiu (Pb), czy arsenu (As). Z analizy składu chemicznego powinno wynikać, że surowce mineralne w postaci środka nawozowego, wapnującego, nie stanowią potencjalnego źródła metali ciężkich dla gleby. Środki nawozowe są bezpieczne dla środowiska i po pozytywnej opinii wydanej przez IUNG-PIB w Puławach mogą utracić status materiału odpadowego. Następnie surowce te mogą być wprowadzone do obrotu w postaci środka poprawiającego właściwości gleby lub środka wapnującego.

EN

The Act on Fertilizers and Fertilization and the Regulations to the Act allow for the marketing of new fertilizers, developed on the basis of natural minerals, mineral raw materials as well as mineral and organic waste, which meet specific requirements in terms of chemical impurities (e.g. heavy metals – Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb, Hg, As) and biological contaminants (live eggs of intestinal parasites: Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp., Toxocara sp., Salmonella bacteria). Fertilizers agents based on mineral raw materials, e.g. calcium, may be placed on the market, provided that the minimum amount of nutrients is maintained and the limits of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (P b), arsenic (As) are observed. The analysis of the chemical composition should show that mineral raw materials in the form of a fertilizer and liming agent are not a potential source of heavy metals for the soil. Fertilizers agents are safe for the environment and, after a positive opinion issued by IUNG-PIB in Puławy, may lose the status of a waste material. These raw materials can then be placed on the market in the form of a soil improver or liming agent.

14

The Effect of the Addition of Pumpkin Flour on the Rheological, Nutritional, Quality, and Sensory Properties of Bread

Hoxha Ibrahim, Hoxha Besiana, Xhabiri Gafur, Shala Nexhdet, Dreshaj Adem, Durmishi Namik

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 7

178--185

EN

Bread in Kosovo and beyond is still the most consumed food product, but the increase in consumer awareness of healthy foods has stimulated interest in the addition of various ingredients to improve its nutritional value and sensory properties. This study aimed to identify the ideal percentage of adding pumpkin flour through its influence on the rheological, nutritional, qualitative, and sensory properties of bread. Breads were produced with different amounts of pumpkin flour (control, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 25%). The results of the rheological properties with the Brabender farinograph and extensograph devices showed that the pumpkin flour pulp had an impact on the delay in dough formation, thus affecting the increase in water absorption, development time, stability, resistance, and energy of the dough. The falling number was very high for all types of bread over 350 seconds, and there were no significant differences between them (p < 0.05). The content of nutrients in the bread, such as fat, cellulose, and ash, increased along with the content of pumpkin flour, while the protein content decreased. Also, the content of iron, magnesium, potassium, and calcium increased along with pumpkin flour addition, while the content of zinc and manganese decreased. The bread with 5% pumpkin flour had the best specific volume, while the control bread and the bread with 5% pumpkin flour had better acidity. The bread with 5% pumpkin flour and control bread had better sensory properties, but even the breads with 10% pumpkin flour had good sensory properties. Therefore, using less than 10% pumpkin flour is suggested in the production of bread without compromising the quality or sensory properties of the bread.

15

Chemiczne oblicze czekolady

Niziurska Natalia, Skokoń Magdalena

Analit

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2023

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Nr 13

39--45

PL

Czekolada od początku swojego istnienia uważana była za afrodyzjak, źródło mądrości i energii, a nawet stosowana jako lokalna waluta. Już w VII w n.e. Majowie przyrządzali napój z ziarna kakaowego zwany ,,gorzką wodą’’, który spożywany był wyłącznie przez arystokrację oraz podczas obrzędów religijnych, a według ludowych wierzeń stanowił również pokarm bogów. Od chwili zerwania ziarna kakaowca do momentu wzięcia pierwszego kęsa czekolady, chemia odgrywa ważną rolę, ponieważ wpływa na kolor, smak, konsystencję i aromat. Walory te są zasługą wielu procesów chemicznych i biologicznych, które zachodzą na wszystkich etapach obróbki ziarna. Otrzymana tabliczka szczęścia zawiera nie tylko pewną ilość substancji o działaniu psychoaktywnym jak np. kofeinę czy teobrominę, ale również szereg składników mineralnych, witamin oraz polifenoli. Po spożyciu czekolady wspomniane chemikalia działają „magicznie”, subtelnie wpływając na mózg i ciało, co potwierdza wiele naukowych badań. Pomimo trendu na prowadzenie zdrowego trybu życia, dietetycy nie odradzają spożywania czekolady, a wręcz wskazują na jej działania prozdrowotne m. in. leczenie chorób układu krążenia, anemii, dolegliwości związanych z układem nerwowym oraz korzystny wpływ na samopoczucie. Jednak mimo powstałej listy 100 dolegliwości, którym czekolada może zaradzić należy mieć na uwadze również niepożądane następstwa i przeciwskazania do jej spożywania.

EN

From its earliest days, chocolate has been considered an aphrodisiac, a source of wisdom and energy, and has even been used as local currency. As early as the 7th century AD, the Maya made a beverage made from cocoa beans called 'bitter water', which was consumed only by the aristocracy and during religious ceremonies and, according to folk beliefs, was also the food of the gods. From the moment the cocoa bean is picked to the moment the first bite of chocolate is taken, chemistry plays an important role by influencing colour, flavour, texture and aroma. These qualities are due to the many chemical and biological processes that take place at all stages of the bean's processing. The resulting slab of happiness contains not only a certain amount of substances with psychoactive effects such as caffeine or theobromine, but also a number of minerals, vitamins and polyphenols. When chocolate is consumed, the aforementioned chemicals have a "magical" effect, subtly influencing the brain and body, as confirmed by many scientific studies. Despite the trend towards a healthy lifestyle, nutritionists do not discourage the consumption of chocolate; in fact, they point to its health-promoting effects, including the treatment of cardiovascular disease, anaemia, ailments related to the nervous system and its beneficial effects on well-being. However, despite the resulting list of 100 ailments that chocolate can remedy, we should also be aware of the undesirable consequences and contraindications to its consumption.

16

Fakty i mity o sokach

Groele Barbara

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2022

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T. 76, nr 6

19--22

PL

Jakość soków owocowych i warzywnych ściśle regulowana jest unijnymi oraz krajowymi przepisami. Soki nie mogą zawierać substancji konserwujących, sztucznych barwników, aromatów czy substancji słodzących, a soki owocowe również dodanych cukrów. Podczas produkcji i utrwalania można stosować tylko metody fizyczne. W.sokach znajduje się wiele cennych mikro- i makroelementów, które niezbędne są do prawidłowego funkcjonowania organizmu człowieka i wspomagają go w walce z chorobami cywilizacyjnymi. To właśnie dlatego soki mogą mieć tak pozytywny wpływ na nasze zdrowie. Zgodnie z zaleceniami ekspertów szklanka soku może stanowić jedną z pięciu zalecanych porcji warzyw i owoców.

EN

The quality of fruit and vegetable juices is strictly regulated by both European and country regulations. Juices may not contain preservatives, artificial colourings, flavours or sweeteners. In the case of fruit juices, it is also not to added sugar allowed. Only physical methods can be used during production and preservation. Juices contain many valuable micro- and macroelements necessary for the proper functioning of our body and to supporting the fight against civilization diseases. This is why juices can have such a positive effect on our health. According to expert recommendations, a glass of juice can be one of the five recommended servings of vegetables and fruits.

17

Relationships between comminution and chemical, petrographic and mineralogical properties of ores, and their effect on concentration

Deniz Vedat

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

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Vol. 58, iss. 5

art. no. 149892

EN

Especially in terms of energy costs, data on chemical, petrographical, and mineralogical analyses of ores or minerals can provide very important information for their production in the desired size distribution. Therefore, suitable crushing and grinding machines can be selected, taking into account the data affecting the comminution such as grain size, texture, metamorphism, and mineral or element contents. However, in most mineral processing plants, these data are rarely used to understand the response of ores or minerals to comminution. Analysis of the relationships between the chemistry, petrography, and mineralogy of ores and the breakage mechanism during crushing or grinding has been the subject of researchers in the comminution field in recent years. This study is a review of studies done so far on the relationships between the comminution and the chemical, petrographic, and mineralogical properties of different ores and minerals, and their effect on concentration.

18

Natural radionuclides in rocks and their association with the mineralogy of rocks in Dakshina Kannada region of southern India

Lokesh Narsha, Vinutha Pudiyaneravana Ramanand, Malleshi Kavasara, Narayana Yerol

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 5

2149--2160

EN

The radioactivity levels of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in the rocks of Dakshina Kannada region of southern India were measured by NaI (Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer. The specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K ranged from 4.2±0.4 to 74.5±1.7 Bq kg−1, 14.5±0.7 to 83.5±1.6 Bq kg−1, and 172±3 to 964±7 Bq kg−1 with the mean of 25.1±1.0 Bq kg−1, 36.1±1.0 Bq kg−1, and 502±5.0 Bq kg−1, respectively. The normality of the frequency distribution curves of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K was tested using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The radiological hazard indices were computed from the measured activity concentration of natural radionuclides in rocks and these were found to be within acceptable levels. To investigate the sources of radioactivity, the minerals involved in the rocks were detected using XRD and FTIR. The mineralogical studies reveal that the principal sources of gamma radiation in the study area are 232Th-rich phosphates and 40K-bearing feldspars.

19

Wpływ składników mineralnych, rozpuszczonych w wodzie pitnej, na organizm człowieka

Adamczyk-Lorenc Anna, Derkowska-Sitarz Monika

LAB Laboratoria, Aparatura, Badania

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2021

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R. 26, nr 1

32--36

20

Improvement of State Institution on Mineral Resources Management and Exploitation in Vietnam

Pham Ngoc Hyuen, Nguyen Thi Hoai Nga, Nguyen Quoc Long, Nguyen Quoc Cuong, Nguyen Ngoc Bich

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2021

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no. 2

579--586

EN

Vietnam's mining industry has a long history with mines distributed throughout the country. It has contributed significantly to national economic growth. However, it also causes negative impacts on the environment, thereby affecting sustainable development and mineral resource management. Therefore, mineral resource management is one of the most critical tasks of state management. The factors that directly affect this issue are the institutional system and state management tools by the law. State institutions are an essential tool to regulate behaviors and establish social orders and disciplines in all fields, including mineral resources management. This article presents the current law on managing and exploiting mineral resources to provide orientations and solutions to improve the state institution on these activities in Vietnam. Based on clarifying the theory of state institutions and analyzing the current legal document systems in Viet Nam, the paper emphasizes the role of appraisal in improving the quality of legal documents and perfecting state institutions.