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1

Analysis of the security situation in the Pilski district

Gorzelańczyk Piotr

Mebutra

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2026

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No. 5

308--321

EN

Road safety remains one of the key challenges of transport policy at the local, regional, and national levels. Effective improvement of safety requires a reliable diagnosis based on the analysis of empirical data, taking into account both temporal and spatial conditions as well as the causes of road accidents. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of road safety in the Pilski district in the years 2018–2024. The research material consisted of data from the police Accident and Collision Record System (SEWIK), covering 9,010 road incidents, including 265 accidents, 186 people slightly injured, 99 people seriously injured, and 58 fatalities [1]. The study used descriptive, structural, and comparative analysis methods, as well as an index-based assessment of the severity of incidents. The analysis covered the dynamics of changes in the number of incidents, their temporal and spatial distribution, environmental conditions, road infrastructure characteristics, and causes of incidents. The results indicate that there was no clear trend towards improved road safety during the period analyzed and that there were significant differences in the severity of the consequences of events depending on the type of area and the time of their occurrence. Incidents outside built-up areas are characterized by particularly high mortality rates, while in urban areas, the high total number of incidents predominates. The analysis of the causes confirmed the dominant role of driver errors, especially failure to give way and speeding. Unprotected road users, especially pedestrians, are highly susceptible to serious injuries. The results of the study provide a basis for formulating targeted recommendations for local road safety policy and can be used as a tool to support the decision-making process in safety management at the District level.

2

Analysis of factors influencing road accident numbers in Poland

Gorzelańczyk Piotr

Journal of KONBiN

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2026

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Vol. 56, iss.1

1--16

EN

Between 2010 and 2024, the number of road accidents in Poland decreased significantly – by 44.6%, from 38,832 to 21,519 incidents. Despite this improvement, road safety remains a significant social problem. This study analyzed the factors that had the greatest impact on the number of accidents during this period, combining machine learning methods with cause-and-effect analysis. The study covered a 15-year time series comprising 37 variables describing road infrastructure, demographic structure, and mobility. Causal relationships were analyzed using DAG models, which indicated that mobility patterns and infrastructure development play a key role in shaping the number of accidents. The impact of infrastructure and demographic factors was assessed using the XGBoost model, supported by PCA dimensionality reduction and validation taking into account temporal dependencies. The model achieved a very good fit to the data (MAE = 842, RMSE = 1,105, MAPE = 3.9%, R² = 0.991). The strongest influences on the number of accidents were: passenger transport (an increase of approximately 3,210 accidents per million trips), the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic (a decrease of approximately 3,880 accidents per year), and the presence of expressways and motorways (a decrease of approximately 1,920 accidents per 1 km per 100 km²). The causal analysis confirmed that road accidents are more a consequence of infrastructure and motorization development than a factor driving this development. The results obtained highlight the importance of coordinated development of public transport and expressway networks. They also indicate areas requiring special attention in road safety policy, such as demographic and mobility changes and the share of N2 category heavy goods vehicles. The proposed model can be a useful tool to support long-term infrastructure planning. A limitation of the study is the lack of behavioral data and detailed seasonal information, which may reduce the accuracy of short-term forecasts.

PL

W latach 2010–2024 liczba wypadków drogowych w Polsce znacznie spadła – o 44,6%, z 38 832 do 21 519 zdarzeń. Pomimo tej poprawy bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego pozostaje istotnym problemem społecznym. W niniejszym badaniu przeanalizowano czynniki, które miały największy wpływ na liczbę wypadków w tym okresie, łącząc metody uczenia maszynowego z analizą przyczynowo-skutkową. Badanie objęło 15-letnią serię czasową zawierającą 37 zmiennych opisujących infrastrukturę drogową, strukturę demograficzną i mobilność. Związki przyczynowo-skutkowe analizowano za pomocą modeli DAG, które wykazały, że wzorce mobilności i rozwój infrastruktury odgrywają kluczową rolę w kształtowaniu liczby wypadków. Wpływ czynników infrastrukturalnych i demograficznych oceniono przy użyciu modelu XGBoost, wspieranego przez redukcję wymiarowości PCA i walidację uwzględniającą zależności czasowe. Model osiągnął bardzo dobre dopasowanie do danych (MAE = 842, RMSE = 1105, MAPE = 3,9%, R² = 0,991). Najsilniejszy wpływ na liczbę wypadków miały: transport pasażerski (wzrost o ok. 3210 wypadków na milion przejazdów), wpływ pandemii COVID-19 (spadek o ok. 3880 wypadków rocznie) oraz obecność dróg ekspresowych i autostrad (spadek o ok. 1920 wypadków na 1 km na 100 km²). Analiza przyczynowo-skutkowa potwierdziła, że wypadki drogowe są raczej konsekwencją rozwoju infrastruktury i motoryzacji niż czynnikiem napędzającym ten rozwój. Uzyskane wyniki podkreślają znaczenie skoordynowanego rozwoju sieci transportu publicznego i dróg ekspresowych. Wskazują one również obszary wymagające szczególnej uwagi w polityce bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego, takie jak zmiany demograficzne i mobilnościowe oraz udział pojazdów ciężarowych kategorii N2. Proponowany model może być użytecznym narzędziem wspierającym długoterminowe planowanie infrastruktury. Ograniczeniem badania jest brak danych behawioralnych i szczegółowych informacji sezonowych, co może zmniejszyć dokładność prognoz krótkoterminowych.

3

Zaburzenia uwagi kierowców-diagnoza i edukacja

Najmiec Andrzej, Kapica Łukasz, Grabowski Andrzej

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2026

|

nr 5

14-18

PL

Zaburzenia uwagi kierowców stanowią jeden z kluczowych czynników ryzyka wypadków drogowych, a znaczenie tych zaburzeń rośnie wraz z nasileniem bodźców środowiskowych oraz powszechnością urządzeń elektronicznych. W artykule w sposób syntetyczny omówiono uwarunkowania zaburzeń uwagi w świetle badań symulatorowych i kwestionariuszowych, wyjaśniono mechanizmy psychologiczne leżące u podłoża nieadekwatnej oceny ryzyka korzystania z telefonu podczas jazdy, a także przedstawiono pakiet narzędzi edukacyjnych adresowanych do instruktorów nauki jazdy oraz kierowców zawodowych i flotowych.

EN

Driver attention impairments are among the key risk factors for road traffic crashes, and their importance increases with the growing intensity of environmental stimuli and the widespread use of electronic devices. The article synthetically discusses the determinants of attention disorders in the light of simulator and questionnaire studies, explains the psychological mechanisms underlying the inadequate risk assessment of using the phone while driving, and presents a package of educational tools addressed to driving instructors and professional and fleet drivers.

4

The bicyclist safety analysis based on road incidents maps

Macioszek Elżbieta, Wyderka Agata, Jurdana Irena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 126

129--147

EN

Increasing road congestion leads to frustration and irritation of drivers, which often contributes to dangerous driving maneuvers. This causes dangerous situations - collisions or road accidents. The driver, while moving the car, is protected by the vehicle body and, above all, by the crumple zone. Unprotected road users, such as pedestrians or cyclists, usually do not have any protection. The article aims to assess the state of bicycle traffic safety in the Małopolskie Voivodeship in 2012-2019. This assessment was made based on road incident maps. In the first stage of work, the indicators for the number of incidents per 1 million inhabitants and the severity of the incidents were calculated for the entire Małopolskie Voivodeship and particular counties in 2012-2019. The data from the Accident and Collision Record System and the Central Statistical Office were used for this purpose. Then, the safety of bicycle traffic in the Małopolskie Voivodeship was analyzed based on the developed road incident maps. Although the number of road incidents increases from year to year in the analyzed period, they are less severe over time. Presenting road incidents data on maps allows for the highlighting of critical locations on the city's transport network from the point of view of cyclists' safety.

5

Software development for selecting an installation option of photo-video fixation for traffic violations

Nguyen Xuan-Hien, Vu Hai-Quan, Trinh Dac-Phong

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 126

161--170

EN

The article discusses the software proposed by the authors for selecting the optimal option for installing a photo-video fixation system of traffic violations. The software uses the Microsoft Visual FoxPro 9.0 programming language, which is simple, easy to use and provides an overview of the technical solution in the application of the ITS system.

6

Simulation-based performance evaluation for smart road systems

Grana Anna, Macioszek Elżbieta, Tumminello Maria Luisa

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 127

87--101

EN

With the growing integration of smart technologies in transportation, the study of roundabout operational efficiency and safety remains a pertinent research area. This paper presents a novel method for evaluating roundabout performance using simulation-based techniques. By analysing two roundabout case studies in Aimsun, the study explores the implications of increasing market penetration of cooperative, connected, and autonomous vehicles on traffic dynamics. The study involves processing geometric and traffic data, categorizing entry lane types, developing benchmark capacity functions, processing micro-simulator input data, and conducting sensitivity analysis for model calibration. The findings advance roundabout design and management in smart road systems and offer insights into the intersection of roundabout research and smart mobility solutions.

7

Dangerous behavior of pedestrians and their knowledge of road traffic risks in Poland

Gądek-Hawlena Teresa, Michalski Konrad

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 127

57--72

EN

This article presents the results of a survey with 3061 respondents conducted to investigate the propensity for risky behavior among pedestrian road users and their knowledge of the potential risks they face from passenger car drivers. The study shows that there is a correlation between gender and risk propensity (p=0.000, c=0.1245). Men are more likely to be risk-averse than women, despite their greater knowledge of the possible dangers of passenger car drivers. A similar relationship can be identified when taking into account where pedestrians live. Residents of large cities (over 150,000 inhabitants) show the highest propensity for risky behavior compared to residents of smaller towns and villages. At the same time, residents of these cities have greater knowledge than the other groups surveyed regarding the reaction of the driver and the possibility of stopping the car. In the case of the age of pedestrians, it is not possible to identify one particular age group characterized by a higher propensity for risky behavior. At the same time, for the age of pedestrians and their risky behavior, there is a significant correlation relating to the use of headphones when crossing pedestrian crossings without traffic lights (p=0.000, c=0.4810). Headphones were frequently used when crossing crosswalks by those aged 18-29 years (44.2%), while never by those aged over 65 years. The results of the study indicate the need for educational efforts among pedestrians, taking into account demographic variables and aspects related to limited trust in passenger car drivers.

8

Role of intelligent transport systems in enhancing road safety. A case study of Łódź

Ostrowska Martyna

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2025

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Nr 94 (tom 2)

111--120

EN

Road transport is one of the most dangerous modes of transport, as evidenced by data from the World Health Organization (WHO), which reports 1.19 million fatalities annually. Consequently, research into improving road safety is gaining importance. One of the solutions aimed at enhancing road safety is constituted by intelligent transport systems (ITS), which deploy advanced technologies for monitoring and optimizing traffic flow. The implementation of ITS is supported by the European Commission and is underway in several cities. One of the most advanced ITS systems in Poland is operating in Łódź. Therefore, the goal of this article is to present the intelligent transport system implemented in Łódź and its impact on road safety.

9

Emergency Services in the psychological support system for the road accident victims

Ucińska Monika

Transport Samochodowy

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2025

|

T. 72, nr 2

49--67

EN

Road accident is a sudden event that meets the criteria for a traumatic event. Accident victims who bear psychological costs can include both the immediate participants and the families of those injured, witnesses, and emergency services. Many of them may experience emotional difficulties that can develop into long-term disorders, affecting daily functioning and quality of life. This article presents actions taken in Poland to provide psychological support to accident victims, focusing on the role of emergency services in this area. A review of applicable legal documents and available procedures is made, including methods for preparing emergency service personnel to provide support. Particular attention is paid to the system of psychological support addressed to emergency service personnel themselves after traumatic events. The article emphasizes the importance of a coordinated approach to psychological support, integrating the activities of emergency services, support centres, and support institutions. The conclusions point to the need to develop systemic solutions that will enable comprehensive care for accident victims, not only physically but also mentally.

PL

Wypadek drogowy to zdarzenie nagłe, które spełnia kryteria zdarzenia traumatycznego. Ofiarami wypadków ponoszącymi koszty psychiczne mogą być zarówno jego bezpośredni uczestnicy, jak i rodziny osób poszkodowanych, świadkowie zdarzenia i służby ratownicze. U wielu z nich mogą wystąpić trudności natury emocjonalnej, które mogą przekształcić się w długotrwałe zaburzenia, wpływając na codzienne funkcjonowanie i jakość życia. Artykuł przedstawia działania, jakie podejmuje się w Polsce na rzecz pomocy psychologicznej ofiarom wypadków, skupiając się na roli służb ratowniczych w tym obszarze. Dokonano przeglądu obowiązujących dokumentów prawnych i dostępnych procedur, w tym metod przygotowania pracowników służb ratowniczych do udzielania wsparcia. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na system pomocy psychologicznej skierowanej do samych pracowników służb ratowniczych po zdarzeniach traumatycznych. Artykuł podkreśla znaczenie skoordynowanego podejścia do pomocy psychologicznej, integrującego działania służb ratowniczych, ośrodków wsparcia i instytucji pomocowych. Wnioski wskazują na konieczność rozwijania systemowych rozwiązań, które umożliwią kompleksową opiekę nad ofiarami wypadków nie tylko w aspekcie fizycznym, ale i psychicznym.

10

The influence of distractors on visual attention and safety-related behaviors while driving

Odachowska-Rogalska Ewa, Ucińska Monika

Transport Problems

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2025

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T. 20, z. 2

85--97

EN

Safe participation in road traffic requires the effective monitoring of one’s surroundings and adequate reactions to stimuli. A particular challenge for drivers is the presence of distractors, which can limit the selectivity and shifting of attention, thus reducing situational awareness. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of different types of distractors on drivers’ visual attention and their behavior in situations requiring sudden reactions. The study was conducted in a simulator environment including two scenarios: driving in a convoy and autonomous driving with the need to take control of the vehicle. The experiment involved 95 active drivers (M = 34.84, SD = 12.09). Two types of distractors were introduced: cognitive (n-back task) and visual-manual (SURT). The analysis of the drivers’ behavior showed that distractors significantly reduced the number of glances at the road, especially in the visual-manual condition, in which drivers monitored their surroundings less frequently and reacted more slowly to emergencies. In the conditions of sudden braking, the percentage of glances at the road was significantly lower when distractors were present. Moreover, cognitive distractors affected the shifting of glances to less important areas, while limited visibility due to fog increased the number of glances at the road. The results highlight the significant role of cognitive load in the driving process and underscore the importance of reducing distractions to enhance road safety.

11

Safety of e-scooters on Polish roads between 2022 and 2024

Sicińska Katarzyna, Zielińska Anna, Olszewski Piotr, Osińska Beata

Transport Problems

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2025

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T. 20, z. 4

37--50

EN

The rapid growth of micromobility devices in cities has raised many concerns about their users’ safety. This article focuses on the safety of e-scooters in Poland from 2022-2024. Police database analysis indicated 4295 collisions and 1842 accidents involving e-scooters, resulting in 11 fatalities and 1565 injuries, including 537 serious injuries among e-scooter users. In this paper, KSI (i.e., the percentage of killed and seriously injured persons among the total number of victims) was used to assess the severity risk for individual categories of accidents and victims. The most important risk factors for e-scooter users were carriageways (as the location of accidents), with the highest KSI of 39.9%, and rollover of e-scooters (as the type of accident), with a KSI of 40.9%. Two main causes of severe accidents were excessive speed (KSI=42.4%) and alcohol influence (KSI=39.9%). Injury severity increased with user age (reaching a KSI of 53.8% for those aged 65+ years). Men have a clearly higher risk of serious injury than women KSI=37.4% vs. 29.9%). Results from behavior monitoring of 1765 e-scooter users collected in three Polish voivodeships in 2022 by external and direct observants ons showed that the speed of e-scooters and other motorized micromobility devices was 20.6 km/h, with 54.2% of vehicles exceeding the speed limit. Only 5% of e-scooter riders used reflective vests and other reflective elements at night, and 6% wore helmets. Two types of analysis presented in this article provide knowledge about the state of road safety for this new group of road users. Many international recommendations for e-scooter safety were adopted in Poland, but there is a need to tighten them, mostly through enforcement and education/training. In order to improve the head protection, legislative action was taken in July 2025 to introduce mandatory helmet wearing for all users under 16 years old riding an e-scooter. This action was carried out indirectly due to the findings of the present study.

12

Use of mobile phones by vehicle drivers

Frej Damian Paweł

Systemy Logistyczne Wojsk

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2025

|

Vol. 62, no. 1

113--136

EN

The issue of mobile phone use by drivers emerged in the 1980s and remains a significant concern in the context of road safety. The contemporary development of technology has made mobile phones an inseparable part of daily life, creating new challenges regarding their use while driving. The hypothesis adopted in this study assumes that using a mobile phone while driving significantly increases the risk of road accidents, primarily by distracting the driver. The research methods used in the analysis included conducting a survey among drivers to determine the frequency and circumstances of mobile phone use while driving. The study also identified psychological and behavioral factors influencing this risky behavior. The survey results showed that over 30% of respondents admit to using their phones while driving, which leads to distraction from the road, reduced caution, and more frequent driving errors. The scientific contribution of this study lies in providing updated data on the scale of the problem and emphasizing the importance of the psychological and habitual aspects of mobile phone use by drivers, which have been marginally analyzed in the literature so far. The innovation of this work is reflected in highlighting the need to develop new prevention strategies and technologies that effectively limit mobile phone use while driving, which could significantly contribute to improving road safety.

13

IoT-Powered Flexible Road Dividers for Accident Impact Reduction

Khurge Deepti, Palsodkar Prachi, Palsodkar Prasanna, Asmari Abdullah Faiz Al, Biswas Tinku, Ansari Khalid, Agrawal Dhiraj, Abdulhadi Ahmed M., Islam Saiful

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2025

|

Tom 27

135--151

EN

In road safety, accidents involving collisions with road dividers often result in severe injuries and fatalities. To mitigate the impact of such accidents, this study focuses on designing and testing flexible road dividers to reduce collision severity and real-time alerting through IoT Integration. A novel flexible road divider incorporates advanced materials like expanded polystyrene separators and barriers (EPS), and specific engineering principles like design, shape, and flexibility make dividers capable of absorbing and dissipating kinetic energy after impact. The system is engineered to be durable, resilient, and cost-effective, making it a viable solution for enhancing road safety in the Indian transportation system. Detailed measurements of forces, deformation, and energy absorption are recorded to quantify the system's effectiveness in reducing the severity of accidents. The findings of this research have implications for road design and infrastructure and offer valuable insights into the development of safer transportation systems with a real-time collision alert mechanism using vibration sensors. Ultimately, adopting flexible road dividers with enhanced impact-reducing properties could represent a significant step forward in safeguarding the lives of road users and reducing the economic burden associated with road accidents. The new prototype discussed in this is anticipated to enhance the energy-absorbing capacity of concrete barriers and lessen the effect of cars beside concrete barriers – a unit weight of 1650 kg/m3.

14

Zabójstwo drogowe w Sejmie: jak złym projektem „zabić” dobrą ideę walki z piratami drogowymi

Małecki Mikołaj, Banaśkiewicz Piotr, Bielak Kordian, Hejnar Kacper, Joniak Bartosz, Kraj Łukasz, Orzechowska Lena, Szajor Kacper, Tomaszek Jakub, Trzciński Hubert, Wójcik Maciej

Paragraf na Drodze

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2025

|

Nr 3

7--32

PL

Celem artykułu jest prześledzenie, w jaki sposób debata o zaostrzeniu kar za skrajnie groźne zachowania na drodze może zostać przekuta w konkretne rozwiązania legislacyjne określane jako „zabójstwo drogowe”. Problem omawiany jest na przykładzie projektu nowelizacji Kodeksu karnego z dnia 30 października 2024 r., który przewidywał wprowadzenie do polskiego porządku prawnego nowego typu przestępstwa. Autorzy dokonują oceny proponowanych rozwiązań w świetle zasad systemowej spójności przepisów ustawy karnej, zasad wykładni norm prawnych oraz gwarancyjnej funkcji prawa karnego materialnego. W opracowaniu zastosowano metodę dogmatyczną, opartą na analizie językowej, systemowej i funkcjonalnej projektowanych przepisów oraz ich odniesieniu do obowiązujących regulacji kodeksowych. Wyniki przeprowadzonej analizy wskazują, że zaproponowany przepis był konstrukcyjnie wadliwy, a jego przyjęcie prowadziłoby do licznych niespójności systemowych, błędów terminologicznych i naruszenia konstytucyjnej zasady proporcjonalności. Słusznie więc zdecydowano, że nie wszedł on w życie. Krytyce poddano także instrumentalne uzasadnienie projektu względami charakterystycznymi dla populizmu penalnego. Wnioski z przeprowadzonej analizy mają znaczenie interpretacyjne, a także praktyczne dla procesu legislacyjnego w zakresie typizacji przestępstw przeciwko bezpieczeństwu w komunikacji. Autorzy postulują, by ewentualne przyszłe koncepcje penalizacji tzw. zabójstwa drogowego opierały się na rzetelnej analizie dogmatycznej i poszanowaniu podstawowych zasad prawa karnego, co pozwoli uniknąć błędów ujawnionych w omawianym projekcie.

XX

The purpose of the article is to examine how the public debate on increasing penalties for extremely dangerous behaviour on the road can be transformed into specific legislative measures referred to as “vehicular homicide”. The issue is discussed using the example of the draft amendment to the Polish Criminal Code of 30 October 2024, which envisaged the introduction of a new criminal offence. The authors assess the proposed legislative solutions in light of the principles of systemic coherence of criminal law provisions, interpretative rules of legal norms, and the guarantee function of substantive criminal law. The study employs the dogmatic method, based on linguistic, systemic, and functional analysis of the proposed provisions and their relationship to the existing codified regulations. The results of the analysis indicate that the proposed provision was structurally flawed, and its adoption would have led to numerous systemic inconsistencies, terminological errors, and violations of the constitutional principle of proportionality. It was therefore rightly decided that the proposed provision did not enter into force. The article also criticises the instrumental justification of the proposal, reflecting the features of penal populism. The conclusions drawn from the analysis have practical significance for the legislative process concerning the typification of offences against road safety. The authors advocate that any future legislative concepts aimed at criminalising so-called “road homicide” should be grounded in a thorough dogmatic analysis and respect for the fundamental principles of criminal law, thereby avoiding the conceptual and systemic errors identified in the analysed draft.

15

Szybka droga do bezpieczeństwa

Grzesica Mariusz

Magazyn Autostrady

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2025

|

Nr 1-2

36--38

PL

W artykule skupiono się na rozwoju infrastruktury drogowej w Polsce, szczególnie na budowie dróg ekspresowych i autostrad. Autor podkreśla, że mimo problemów budowlanych i trudności z lokalizacją te nowoczesne rozwiązania są kluczowe dla poprawy bezpieczeństwa na drogach. Artykuł omawia także różnice w użytkowaniu tych dróg w porównaniu do tradycyjnych tras miejskich czy osiedlowych, podkreślając potrzebę odpowiedniego przygotowania kierowców do korzystania z dróg o dużych prędkościach. Dodatkowo poruszane są kwestie związane z przepisami ruchu drogowego oraz technicznymi aspektami, takimi jak oznakowanie czy organizacja węzłów drogowych.

EN

The paper focuses on the development of road infrastructure in Poland, especially the construction of expressways and motorways. The author points out that, despite construction problems and difficulties with location, these modern solutions are key to improving road safety. The article also discusses the differences in the use of these roads compared to traditional urban or housing estate routes, emphasising the need for drivers to be properly prepared to use high-speed roads. Moreover, issues related to road traffic regulations and technical aspects such as traffic signs and road surface marking or organisation of road junctions are discussed.

16

Road safety challenges in mountainous regions: A case study of the Aures Mountains, Algeria

Hamzaoui Mohammed, Haddad Louiza Aouacheria, Zeraib Salah, Sallaye Miloud

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

|

2025

|

no. 1

59--75

EN

This research analyzes traffic accidents in the mountainous area of the Aurès range from 2017 to 2022, focusing on their spatial and temporal distribution and main causes using geographic information systems and exploratory factor analysis, given their significant social and economic impacts. Initially, we conducted a quantitative analysis of traffic accidents recorded by the relevant authorities, examining their distribution and their relationship with the ongoing dynamics of the national, provincial, and municipal road networks. In addition to that, we addressed the causes of traffic accidents through exploratory factor analysis of accidents in the area. The study’s results showed that the road network in the Aurès region witnessed a total of 930 traffic accidents between 2017 and 2022, which is an average of 1 accident every two days, or 6 accidents per 1,000 people. There is a direct relationship between traffic density and the rank and importance of the road, as national roads accounted for 58.27% of all accidents, provincial roads for 30.53%, and municipal roads for 11.18%. The study also confirmed that the main factors causing traffic accidents are primarily the driver, contributing 24.85% of the variance, followed by weather conditions at 18.64%, the road itself at 12.02%, and vehicle defects at 9.01%. These results confirmed the seriousness of this phenomenon and its negative social and economic impacts, which led us to present a set of suggestions to mitigate it.

PL

W niniejszym badaniu analizuje się wypadki drogowe w górzystym obszarze pasma Aurès w latach 2017–2022, skupiając się na ich rozkładzie przestrzennym i czasowym oraz głównych przyczynach, wykorzystując systemy informacji geograficznej i eksploracyjną analizę czynnikową, biorąc pod uwagę ich znaczący wpływ społeczny i ekonomiczny. Początkowo przeprowadziliśmy analizę ilościową wypadków drogowych zarejestrowanych przez właściwe organy, badając ich rozmieszczenie i ich związek z bieżącą dynamiką sieci dróg krajowych, wojewódzkich i gminnych. Ponadto zajęliśmy się przyczynami wypadków drogowych poprzez eksploracyjną analizę czynnikową wypadków na tym obszarze. Wyniki badania wykazały, że w sieci drogowej w regionie Aurès doszło łącznie do 930 wypadków drogowych w latach 2017–2022, co daje średnio 1 wypadek co dwa dni lub 6 wypadków na 1000 osób. Istnieje bezpośredni związek pomiędzy natężeniem ruchu a rangą i znaczeniem drogi, ponieważ drogi krajowe odpowiadają za 58,27% wszystkich wypadków, drogi wojewódzkie za 30,53%, a drogi gminne za 11,18%. Badanie potwierdziło również, że głównymi czynnikami powodującymi wypadki drogowe są przede wszystkim kierowcy, którzy odpowiadają za 24,85% wariancji, następnie warunki pogodowe (18,64%), sama droga (12,02%) i wady pojazdów (9,01%). Wyniki te potwierdziły powagę tego zjawiska i jego negatywne skutki społeczne i ekonomiczne, co skłoniło nas do przedstawienia zestawu sugestii mających na celu jego złagodzenie.

17

Road Safety Evaluation on Collector Road Section of Siluk-Panggang, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Mahmudah Noor, Pratama Wahyu Arif, Fadhilah Muhamad Nur

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2025

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Vol. 35, no. 2

35--46

EN

The Siluk – Panggang road section is a provincial road that functions as a primary collector road. The sharp horizontal alignment and steep vertical alignment conditions make this road section potentially cause traffic accidents. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the road geometric conditions of the roads to enhance road safety. Specifically, this study includes identifying the types and number of accidents, carrying out Road Safety Inspections (RSI) according to the 2005 Bina Marga Technical Guidelines, and analysing road geometry (horizontal and vertical alignments) with AutoCAD Civil 3D software which is further compared to the 2021 Bina Marga Regulation concerning Road Geometric Design Guidelines. Based on the RSI results, it is known that this road has the number of lanes and lines, as well as the width of the shoulder according to the requirements, but the width of the traffic lane does not meet the requirements. Based on the geometric modelling of the road, 12 bends can be identified, where 46% of the bend radius does not meet the requirements. In addition, vertical alignment consists of 14 curves with 7 convex curves and 7 concave curves. However, 40% of slopes exceed the maximum and 57% of K values do not meet the requirements. Therefore, geometrically this road has a high potential for accidents.

18

Zaburzenia uwagi kierowców z powodu korzystania z telefonu - wyniki badań symulatorowych i kwestionariuszowych

Najmiec Andrzej, Kapica Łukasz, Jankowski Jarosław

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2025

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nr 7

12-18

PL

Istnieje wiele badań eksperymentalnych i kwestionariuszowych potwierdzających fakt, że korzystanie z telefonu podczas jazdy samo chodem ma negatywny wpływ na sprawność kierowcy i bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego. W artykule zamieszczono przegląd tych badań, a ponadto zaprezentowano wybrane wyniki badań przeprowadzonych przez Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy (CIOP-PIB) na grupie kierowców, które dotyczyły sytuacji rozproszenia uwagi kierującego pojazdem wskutek prowadzenia rozmowy przez zestaw głośnomówiący oraz wykonywania czynności manualnych związanych z używaniem nawigacji drogowej. Otrzymane wyniki mogą stanowić podstawę do opracowania strategii zmiany postaw kierowców oraz wdrażania działań mających na celu ograniczenie niebezpiecznych zachowań na drogach.

EN

There are many experimental and questionnaire studies confirming the fact that using a phone while driving a car has a negative impact on the driver's efficiency and road safety. The article provides an overview of these studies and also presents selected results of studies conducted by the Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB) on a group of drivers, which concerned situations when the driver's attention is distracted due to talking on a hands-free set and performing manual activities related to using road navigation. The results obtained may constitute the basis for developing a strategy to change drivers' attitudes and implementing actions aimed at reducing dangerous behavior on the roads.

19

Motor vehicle tax collection and its possible impact on the number of traffic accidents: a correlation analysis

Poliaková Adela, Malik Jakub

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2025

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Vol. 109, nr 3

80--95

EN

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact between motor vehicle tax collection and the number of road accidents in the Visegrad Group (V4) countries between 2017 and 2023. The research hypothesises that the level of tax revenue can influence road safety, either directly through infrastructure investment or indirectly through regulatory influence on driver behaviour. The study used correlation analysis to examine the links between tax collection, traffic accidents and road conditions. The results showed that in Slovakia and Poland there is a positive correlation between the amount of revenue and the number of accidents, while in Hungary a slightly negative correlation was identified. In the Czech Republic, no significant relationship was found. The study concludes that the amount of taxes collected alone is not a determinant of road safety. Efficient reinvestment of tax revenues and transparent financing of infrastructure are shown to be key to improving road safety.

20

Methods for assessing the risk of accidents in the driver-vehicle-road-environment system

Kashkanova Anastasiia

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2025

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Vol. 109, nr 3

41--61

EN

High level of accidents and injuries in Ukraine prompts the search for ways to solve this problem. The purpose of this work is the study of modern approaches to assessing the safety of transport systems and the justification of the need to improve the existing or develop new methods of determining the risk of accidents on the country's roads. The article analyses the works related to the study of the functioning of the driver-vehicle-road-environment system, by the theory of performance properties of the motor vehicle, which is the methodological basis for the analysis of traffic accidents. The analysis of modern approaches to the assessment and audit of traffic hazards revealed the widespread use by researchers of the multiplicative form of models, which corresponds to the provisions of the risk theory: in the event of independent factors, the aggregate risk can be estimated on the basis of the product of partial risks. The general procedure for risk assessment is a process that includes the identification, analysis and comparative assessment of risk. The inadequacy of the existing risk assessment methods is manifested in the inability to predict the risk of road accidents based on the data on the state of the environment and the dynamics of its changes. The obtained conclusions indicate the need to develop new methods that will allow assessing the risk of traffic accidents based on a combination of road characteristics and elements of the external environment. At the same time, it should be remembered that risk factors can manifest themselves in complex combinations, and therefore the identification of the critical factor - the real cause of the failure of the driver-vehicle-road-environment system is a task.