Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Three-Dimensional Analysis of a Steam-Injected Gas Turbine Combustor Fuelled by an Ammonia-Hydrogen Blend

Serbin Serhiy, Lychko Bohdan, Patlaichuk Volodymyr, Zhao Xianrui, Dzida Marek

Polish Maritime Research

|

2026

|

nr 1

120--127

EN

This work presents a 3D numerical study of a steam-injected combustor for a gas turbine operating on an ammoniahydrogen fuel blend, aimed at enabling carbon-free hybrid energy systems. The research focuses on the performance and emission characteristics of a 32 MW engine’s combustor. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with a detailed chemical kinetics mechanism (203 reactions, 31 species), the model solves the governing equations for turbulent reacting flow. The simulations provide new insights into ammonia-hydrogen flame propagation within intensely swirled flows under staged air and steam admission. Key energy and environmental parameters for the combustor are obtained. The results support the design of advanced combustors for decarbonised gas turbine systems.

2

Paliwa RFNBO jako narzędzia w walce ze zmianami klimatu

Lubowicz Jan, Wojtasik Michał, Żak Grażyna

Rynek Energii

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2025

|

Nr 2

57--62

PL

RFNBO to technologia o dużym potencjale w zakresie ograniczenia emisji gazów cieplarnianych. Dzięki ich produkcji z odnawialnych źródeł energii oraz wykorzystaniu w sektorach, które są trudne do dekarbonizacji, jak transport, przemysł czy energetyka, mogą one stanowić istotny element w walce ze zmianami klimatycznymi. W połączeniu z technologiami magazynowania energii i redukcji CO₂, paliwa RFNBO oferują realną drogę do osiągnięcia neutralności węglowej i ograniczenia globalnego ocieplenia.

EN

RFNBO is a technology with great potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Thanks to their production fr renewable energy sources and use in sectors that are difficult to decarbonize, such as transport, industry or energy, they car an important element in the ﬁght against climate change. When combined with energy storage and C02 reduction technolog RFNBO inels offer a Viable path to achieving carbon neutrality and reducing global warming.

3

Rozpoznanie wpływu ciekłego amoniaku na korozję rur eksploatacyjnych podczas jego magazynowania

Masłowski Mateusz, Czupski Marek

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2025

|

T. 104, nr 2

285--290

PL

Przedstawiono badania dotyczące oceny możliwości magazynowania amoniaku w strukturach geologicznych oraz korozji rur eksploatacyjnych. Badania prowadzono w środowisku czystego i zanieczyszczonego solanką ciekłego amoniaku, w temp. 20°C i pod ciśnieniem 1,1 MPa przez 14 dni. Ocenie odporności na korozję poddano rurę eksploatacyjną wykonaną ze stali N80. Ocenie poddano zmianę masy próbki oraz jej powierzchnię w celu wyznaczenia szybkości korozji równomiernej oraz głębokości wżerów. Stwierdzono, że stal N80 była całkowicie odporna na działanie amoniaku czystego i zanieczyszczonego wodnym roztworem chlorku sodu o stężeniu 26%. Wyznaczona szybkość korozji Vₚ była mniejsza niż 0,001 mm/r, a Vc mniejsza niż 0,0214 kg/(m²·doba). We wszystkich testach odnotowano pojawienie się bardzo płytkich wżerów w przedziale 2,17-5,44 μm. Najgłębszy wżer (11,50 μm) zaobserwowano jedynie na powierzchni próbki stalowej w środowisku amoniaku technicznego o czystości (99,85%), czyli przy zawartości H₂O poniżej 1500 ppm.

EN

Two N80 steel pipe samples were exposed to clean and brine-contaminated liq. NH3 at temp. 20°C and pressure 1.1 MPa for 14 days. The changes in mass and surface image of the samples were analyzed to det. the uniform corrosion rate and pit depth. N80 steel was completely resistant to clean and 26% NaCl aq. soln.-contaminated liq. NH₃. The corrosion rate Vₚ was less than 0.001 mm/year and Vc was less than 0.0214 kg/(m²·day). In all tests, very shallow pits in the range of 2.17-5.44 μm were noted, confirming the low uniform corrosion rate. The deepest pit with a depth of 11.50 μm was obsd. only on the surface of the steel sample in the environment of technically pure NH₃ (99.85%), i.e. H₂O content below 1500 ppm.

4

Comparative Analysis of the Energy Efficiency of Refrigeration Systems with R744 (CO 2) and R717 (Ammonia) Refrigerants for Ice Rinks

Zwęgliński Krzysztof, Grzebielec Andrzej

Modern Engineering

|

2025

|

2

8--20

EN

Ice rinks are highly energy-intensive facilities, and current trends in refrigeration engineering increasingly focus on the use of natural refrigerants to improve energy efficiency while complying with environmental and legal regulations. Among these solutions, ammonia (R717) and carbon dioxide (R744) are widely considered stateof-the-art options for large-scale ice rink applications. The aim of this study is to compare the energy efficiency of two refrigeration systems based on natural refrigerants: R717 and R744, designed to supply an ice rink compliant with International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) standards. The study sought to determine whether significant differences in energy performance and operating costs exist between the two systems under realistic operating conditions. The analysis included a detailed thermal load calculation of the ice rink, accounting for all major heat gains such as heat transfer from the hall to the ice slab, occupants, lighting, ventilation, and iceresurfacing machinery. Heat gains were divided into loads affecting the air and those directly impacting the ice surface. Thermal balance calculations were performed for two operating scenarios: steady-state rink operation and the ice-freezing process. Variable operating conditions, including changes in user occupancy and different usage scenarios (weekdays, weekends, and sporting events), were also considered. Two refrigeration configurations were analyzed: a transcritical CO2 system with Flash Gas Bypass and an ammonia system with a flooded evaporator. Energy performance was evaluated using EER and SEER indicators, along with annual electricity consumption. The results showed that the ammonia-based system achieved higher energy efficiency and lower annual electricity consumption compared to the CO₂-based system, resulting in reduced operating costs. Conversely, the CO2 system offered superior operational safety due to the non-toxic and non-flammable nature of the refrigerant, which may be particularly advantageous in densely populated areas. The findings indicate that the selection of a refrigeration system for ice rinks should be based on investor priorities and sitespecific conditions. Ammonia systems are preferable where high efficiency and low operating costs are critical, while CO2 systems are more suitable where maximum safety is required. For the analyzed ice rink, located away from residential areas, the ammonia system proved to be the more economically favorable solution. The results may support future refrigeration system designs and suggest that further efficiency improvements could be achieved through multi-stage or cascade system configurations.

5

Pompowanie amoniaku do wysokich ciśnień

Peczkis Grzegorz, Przybyła Grzegorz, Adamczyk Wojciech, Iwachów Marta

Kierunek Chemia

|

2025

|

Nr 2

70--76

PL

Pompowanie amoniaku w instalacjach przemysłowych wymaga oceny poszczególnych elementów pomp z uwagi na konflikty reakcji amoniaku z metalami i tworzywami. To istotne zagadnienie, gdyż amoniak może stać się kluczowym nośnikiem energii w przyszłości, szczególnie w kontekście przechowywania wodoru. Wskazuje na to rozwój technologii jego spalania zarówno w silnikach spalinowych, jak i w turbinach gazowych oraz ogniwach paliwowych.

6

Jaka jest przyszłość systemów produkcji i wykorzystania OZE - w tym odnawialnego wodoru i amoniaku – w kontekście produkcji ciepła i energii elektrycznej?

Umeda Tomoho

Kierunek Chemia

|

2025

|

Nr 2

98--102

7

Estimation of biological nitrogen fixation by genetically characterized local strains of cyanobacteria

Al-Khafaji Zainulabdeen H. A., AlMaathidy Nathir G. M., Al-Shahery Yousef J. I., Nadhim Rasha Ayad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2025

|

Vol. 26, nr 3

257--263

EN

The cyanobacteria are an extremely varied group of gram-negative bacteria with different chemical and physical features. Phycocyanin is a pigment found in every member of this group. It helps with the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into organic nitrogen, specifically ammonia (NH3). Two different cyanobacteria species were studied for their ability to fix organic nitrogen in order to achieve the goals of this research. The strain of Crinalium magnium (Oscillatonales Oscillatonales) that does not cause heterocytosis and the strain of Fischerella muscicola SAG 1427-1 that does produce heterocytosis are the two strains that in question. In the course of the investigation, it was discovered that both categories of organisms have the ability to fix nitrogen from organic matter. In terms of the fixation of organic nitrogen, the findings revealed that the strain F. muscicola had a considerable advantage (563 mg/l) when compared to the strain C. magnium, which had a value of 395 mg/l when cultivated in the medium Chu 10, which is devoid of nitrogen. The findings also demonstrated that the F. muscicola strain significantly outperformed the C. magnium strain. When compared to the carbohydrates content (480 mg/L) and the protein content (465 mg/l) of the strain C. magnium, it was observed that the value of the carbohydrates content (540 mg/l) and the protein content (505 mg/l) for the strain F. muscicola increased after 15 days in the medium Chu 10, which is nitrogen-free. This was the case when comparing the two strains. In contrast to the strain of C. magnium, this was demonstrated to be the case.

8

Characteristics of Nitrifying Biomass from Sidestream Process Operated at Various Ph

Pytiak Magdalena, Muszyński-Huhajło Mateusz, Janiak Kamil, Miodoński Stanisław

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2025

|

Vol. 51, nr 1

133--144

EN

The nitritation process, i.e., ammonia to nitrite oxidation, is effectively utilized in various methods for treating reject water. The impact of pH on characteristics of nitrifying biomass was investigated in three experiments performed at pH 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0 using real dewatering liquor from the Wrocław Wastewater Treatment Plant. A comprehensive analysis was conducted by applying both microscopic examination and digital imaging to assess the morphology of activated sludge flocs. The aim was to understand how process conditions impact the physical properties and functional performance of nitrifying biomass. The study revealed significant differences between the results of experiments, i.e., considerable changes occurred in the morphology of the activated sludge flocs, mainly their size and structure, as well as filamentous bacteria content. The most substantial changes occurred in the experiment at pH 7.0, which can be attributed to the combined effect of process conditions, i.e., the optimal pH, sludge retention time, and dissolved oxygen concentration as well as the lowest free nitrous acid and free ammonia concentration.

9

CFD study case of ammonia-hydrogen mixture powered methane gas microturbine combustor in the context of the temperature repartition modifications

Fąfara Jean-Marc

Combustion Engines

|

2025

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R. 64, nr 1

78--86

EN

Actually, much research has been conducted on the ability of hydrogen-ammonia mixture fuel to replace classical fuel such as methane for gas (micro)turbine use. These studies concern the combustion stability and NOx formation. Temperature repartition in gas (micro)turbine combustor is very important from a thermomechanical point of view. This issue is often omitted in research. If modifications occur in temperature repartition, an overheating zone can appear and lead to mechanical damage to the combustor liner. Numerical studies, CFD method based with the use of Ansys Fluent tools, were conducted on a self-designed gas microturbine combustor for methane application, using various ammonia-hydrogen mixtures and methane fuelling. Then, the obtained temperature maps were compared between methane and ammonia-hydrogen mixtures with various compositions to find an ammonia-hydrogen mixture composition that permits to reproduce a similar temperature repartition as for methane fuelling; this mixture contains maximally 10% mass hydrogen (or 48% vol). This ammonia-hydrogen mixture composition was compared to other research where the ammonia-hydrogen composition was optimized for combustion stability and NOx reduction (hydrogen content of 30% vol). According to performed studies, the proposed ammonia-hydrogen composition in other research is confirmed to be safe for gas microturbine applications from a thermomechanical point of view.

10

Ammonia as an alternative fuel to internal combustion engines

Stępień Zbigniew

Combustion Engines

|

2025

|

R. 64, nr 1

117--127

EN

The article presents a broad review of the current knowledge on the potential of using ammonia as a fuel for internal combustion engines. A critical physicochemical and functional properties analysis of ammonia was carried out regarding fuel for internal combustion engines. Challenges related to the problems of creating a mixture and the combustion process of ammonia in both SI and CI engines were described. It was indicated that using an admixture of small amounts of fuels to ammonia to act as combustion promoters was necessary. Attention was drawn to the problems related to the exhaust emissions that occur when using ammonia or ammonia with an admixture of other fuels to power engines. The adverse effect of ammonia combustion products and ammonia itself on the lubricating engine oil was also discussed. The need to develop dedicated lubricating oils for internal combustion engines fueled with ammonia was explained.

11

Potencjał amoniaku jako paliwa do silników spalinowych

Stępień Zbigniew

Wiadomości Naftowe i Gazownicze

|

2024

|

R. 27, Nr 11 (309)

4-6

PL

W ostatnich latach coraz częściej dostrzegane są zalety amoniaku jako bezwęglowego paliwa przyszłości. W artykule opisano i porównano podstawowe właściwości fizykochemiczne amoniaku z analogicznymi właściwościami innych paliw. W szczególności, przeprowadzono analizę właściwości istotnych z punktu widzenia stosowania amoniaku jako paliwa do tłokowych silników spalinowych. Omówiono problemy związane ze stosowaniem amoniaku jako paliwa zarówno do silników o zapłonie iskrowym jak i samoczynnym. Wskazano niektóre sposoby rozwiązywania wyzwań dotyczących zwłaszcza trudnego procesu zapłonu i spalania amoniaku w komorach spalania silników. Zwrócono uwagę na zalety amoniaku i jego potencjał w zakresie ograniczenia ograniczenia emisji gazów cieplarnianych, równocześnie dokonując analizy przyczyn powstawania szkodliwych zanieczyszczeń podczas spalania amoniaku w silniku spalinowym.

EN

In recent years, the advantages of ammonia as a carbon-free fuel of the future have been increasingly recognized. This paper describes and compares the basic physicochemical properties of ammonia with analogous properties of other fuels. In particular, an analysis of the properties relevant to the use of ammonia as a fuel for internal combustion engines was carried out. Problems associated with the use of ammonia as a fuel for both spark-ignition and compression-ignition engines are discussed. Some of the ways of solving the challenges regarding, in particular, the difficult process of ignition and combustion of ammonia in engine combustion chambers are indicated. The advantages of ammonia and its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are highlighted, while analyzing the causes of harmful pollutants when ammonia is combusted in an internal combustion engine.

12

Analysis of Ammonia Emissions from Thermal Sludge Treatment Plants

Dobrzański Maciej, Cichowicz Robert

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2024

|

Tom 26

716--727

EN

The article presents an analysis of the spatial dispersion of ammonia in the troposphere, emitted from the thermal treatment of sludge from the sewage treatment plant in Łódź. The study aimed to assess the impact of the emitter on the air quality in the nearby single-family housing estate. The results of field measurements of ammonia concentration were compared with computer simulations based on data measured at the emitter. Mobile measuring equipment mounted on a transport platform and an unmanned aerial vehicle was used to conduct field measurements, which were then subjected to analytical processing in ArcGis Pro software. Computer simulation of ammonia dispersion from two 25 m high chimneys was conducted in the OPA03 program. Both field measurements and simulation data showed a negligible impact of the emitter on the ammonia concentration in the air. This is primarily due to the low concentration of emitted ammonia at the chimney outlet and the emitter's location relative to the buildings, considering the dominant wind directions. Field studies have shown that the emission of ammonia in the analyzed area may be to a greater extent caused by the sewage collection station from sewage disposal vehicles and the composting plant, which are located close to the analyzed emitter and the residential area.

13

Energetyka jądrowa jest koniecznością! Przegląd dostępnych technologii jądrowych. A co z energetykami wodorową i amoniakalną?

Bartnik Ryszard

Nowa Energia

|

2024

|

nr 4

106--119

PL

Energetyka jądrowa [1] powinna odgrywać na świecie wręcz podstawową rolę. I to z wielu powodów. Jednym z najważniejszych jest ogromna ilość uranu na Ziemi, którego wystarczy na miliardy lat. Paliwo jądrowe zapewni zatem bezpieczeństwo energetyczne światu na miliardy lat. Co równie szalenie ważne, energetyka jądrowa zapewnia w sposób ciągły i stabilny, przez cały rok, zasilanie odbiorców w energię elektryczną (okres eksploatacji elektrowni jądrowych jest przy tym długi, wynosi co najmniej 60 lat).

14

Reduction of chosen gaseous pollutants from rabbit excrement in ex situ conditions, using natural manure additives

Karpińska Katarzyna, Nowakowicz-Dębek Bożena, Wrzesińska-Jędrusiak Edyta, Jaguszewski Sebastian, Targońska-Karasek Małgorzata, Wlazło Łukasz

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2024

|

no. 61

151--158

EN

Animal production is a major source of environmental pollutants, so it is becoming crucial to search for new methods to reduce their release while maintaining animal welfare. The aim of the study was to apply natural additives to rabbit manure in ex situ conditions to reduce the volume of released gaseous pollutants like ammonia (NH3), methane (CH4) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S). The study was carried out in two stages, each with a control group and five experimental groups with additives, natural sorbents (zeolite, bentonite biochar, perlite, mixtures in various proportions of zeolite, biochar and bentonite as well as perlite and biochar) or dried plants containing saponins (Tribulus terrestris and Lysimachia nummularia). Pollutants from each group were measured continuously for one month. In stage 1, both in the case of NH3 and CH4, statistically significant differences were observed between the tested groups. The use of sorbent mix and Tribulus terrestris was shown to reduce the release of both NH3 (by 80% and 83%, respectively) and CH4 (by 17% and 25%, respectively). The greatest reduction of NH3 in stage 2 was achieved when perlite with the addition of biochar was used (56%), and CH4 was achieved when Bacillus azotofixans sp. nov. bacteria were used (38%).

15

Prospects for a large-scale green hydrogen storage methods development in Poland - a review

Ligęza Klaudia, Narloch Piotr, Wnęk Przemysław

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

|

2024

|

Nr 9

2--9

EN

Hydrogen is predicted to play a significant role in the economy and in the process of reaching climate neutrality by 2050. Optimizing its utilization in the economy necessitates first and foremost the development of a storage system. The core of storing energy in a form of hydrogen, created from renewable energy sources during periods of energy surplus, is its reuse during times of high demand for it. In addition, the stored hydrogen can be used in many industries, such as chemicals, refining, and transportation. This article discusses the possibility for large-scale green hydrogen storage in Poland. The potential of subsurface hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage, ammonia storage, and the utilization of gas networks for storage are investigated.

PL

Przewiduje się, że wodór będzie odgrywał znaczącą rolę w gospodarce oraz w procesie osiągnięcia neutralności klimatycznej do 2050 roku. Optymalizacja jego wykorzystania wymaga przede wszystkim opracowania wydajnego systemu magazynowania. Istotą magazynowania energii w postaci wodoru, wytworzonego z odnawialnych źródeł energii, w okresach produkcji jej nadwyżek, jest ponowne wykorzystanie zmagazynowanej energii w okresach wysokiego zapotrzebowania na nią. Zmagazynowany wodór może być ponadto wykorzystany w wielu gałęziach gospodarki, takich jak przemysł chemiczny, rafineryjny, czy transport. Niniejszy artykuł omawia możliwości wielkoskalowego magazynowania zielonego wodoru w Polsce. Zbadano potencjał podpowierzchniowego magazynowania wodoru, magazynowania ciekłego wodoru, magazynowania amoniaku oraz wykorzystania sieci gazowych do magazynowania.

16

Czy wodór i amoniak mogą stać się paliwami w przyszłej energetyce?

Bartnik Ryszard, Kabza Zdzisław

Energetyka

|

2024

|

nr 11

463--464

PL

Wodór i amoniak trzeba produkować, bo w przyrodzie w stanie wolnym nie występują! Należy zatem odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy energetyki: wodorowa i amoniakalna mają sens? Aby na nie odpowiedzieć należy przyjrzeć się stechiometrii produkcji wodoru i amoniaku.

EN

Hydrogen and ammonia have to be produced because they are not found in a free state in nature! Thus, the question to be answered is, whether hydrogen and ammonia power generation makes sense? In order to answer this question, it is necessary to look at the stoichiometry of hydrogen and ammonia production.

17

Nitrate and Ammonia Contamination in Groundwater and their Effect on Microbial Community in Apulia Region

Calabrese Angelantonio, Campanale Mariavirginia, Iurino Fabiola

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 6

371--382

EN

Due to its widespread presence in groundwater, nitrate contamination has become a major global concern. Identifying the different sources of this contamination, particularly those related to agricultural practices, is therefore crucial to assess its negative impacts. The European Nitrates Directive (91/676/EEC) requires the protection of all natural freshwater resources with a maximum nitrate concentration threshold of 50 mgNO3 + L-1, applicable to all groundwater, regardless of its intended use. Many studies have used a chemical approach to identify these contaminations, but one of the possible approaches to identify contamination and the source of the contamination is a microbiological approach. An aquifer’s unique groundwater fingerprint: its hydrology, chemistry, and geology are shaped by the communities of heterotrophic bacteria that thrive in this underground environment. The present study carries out an evaluation of the impact of nitrate and ammonia on the bacterial community of groundwater, in particular by studying the correlations between the two chemical forms analyzed and some of the native species most present in nitrifying and denitrifying groundwater. These evaluations make it possible to identify the microbial species subject to the variation of ammonia and nitrate concentrations and to evaluate the extent of variation in the natural environment, providing useful information on the variation of the chemical compound, validating the innovative thesis of being used as a natural tracer for the identification of potential direct or indirect contamination.

18

UAS and a virtual environment as possible response tools to the incidents involving uncontrolled release of dangerous gases – a case study

Rabajczyk Anna, Zboina Jacek, Zielecka Maria, Fellner Radosław, Kaczmarzyk Piotr, Pietrzela Dariusz, Zawistowski Grzegorz

Chemical and Process Engineering : New Frontiers

|

2024

|

Vol. 45, nr 3

art. no. e65

EN

Various types of events and emergency situations have a significant impact on the safety of people and the environment. This especially refers to the incidents involving the emission of pollutants, such as ammonia, into the atmosphere. The article presents the concept of combining unmanned aerial vehicles with contamination plume modelling. Such a solution allows for mapping negative effects of ammonia release caused by the damage to a tank (with set parameters) during its transport as well as by the point leakage (such as unsealing in the installation). Simulation based on the ALOHA model makes it possible to indicate the direction of pollution spread and constitutes the basis for taking action. And, the use of a drone allows to control contamination in real time and verify the probability of a threat occurring in a given area.

19

Analysis of the ammonia absorption process from air for dispersed water currents generated by BETE TF 6nn and TF 8nn spiral nozzles

Salamonowicz Zdzisław, Tom Maciej, Wąsik Wiktor, Jasińska Sylwia

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

|

2023

|

Nr 88 (tom 1)

311--322

EN

The work presents the absorption rate constant of ammonia into water using a station with spiral nozzles. In the research a station was employed with a chamber measuring 1 m x 1 m x 1 m with equipment enabling the regulation of ammonia concentration and nozzle operating parameters, as well as an ammonia concentration measurement system. In the first part of the research, the spraying characteristics of selected spiral nozzles were determined at pressures of 2 bar and 3 bar. For selected nozzle operating parameters, ammonia absorption tests were carried out at various initial concentration values: 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm. Based on the collected results, the nozzle characteristic p(Q), the distribution of the nozzle spray intensity in the SUFER program, the ammonia concentration curve as a function of water supply time and the absorption rate constant were determined.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wartości stałej szybkości absorpcji amoniaku do wody przy wykorzystaniu stanowiska z dyszami spiralnymi. W badaniach wykorzystano stanowisko z komorą o wymiarach 1 m × 1 m × 1 m wraz z osprzętem pozwalającym regulować stężenie amoniaku i parametry pracy dysz oraz układem pomiarowym stężenia amoniaku. W pierwszej części badań wyznaczono charakterystyki zraszania wybranych dysz spiralnych przy ciśnieniach 2 bar i 3 bar. Dla wybranych parametrów pracy dysz przeprowadzono badania absorpcji amoniaku przy różnych wartościach początkowych stężeniach: 250 ppm, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm. Na podstawie zgromadzonych wyników wyznaczono charakterystykę dyszy p(Q), rozkład intensywności zraszania dyszy w programie SUFER, krzywą stężenia amoniaku w funkcji czasu podawania wody oraz stałą szybkości absorpcji.

20

Zielony wodór : krótka monografia. Część 2, Kierunki stosowania

Polaczek Jerzy

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2023

|

T. 102, nr 6

518--526

PL

Dokonano przeglądu metod wykorzystania zielonego wodoru w energetyce, transporcie, przemyśle chemicznym oraz w metalurgii. W szczególności przedstawiono przemysłowe procesy produkcji energii elektrycznej w elektrowniach wodorowych oraz wykorzystanie wodoru do napędu pojazdów, do wytwarzania zielonego metanolu i amoniaku, a także do wytwarzania metali (żelazo, metale kolorowe). Omówiono również problemy magazynowania i transportu wodoru.

EN

A review, with 59 refs., of trends in industrial use of H₂ in energetics, transportation, chem. industry and metallurgy. In particular, industrial processes for prodn. of electric energy in H₂ power stations, for powering the transport facilities (cars, trains), for prodn. of green MeOH and NH₃ as well as for prodn. of metals (Fe, non-ferrous metals) were presented. Storage and transportation of H₂ were also taken into consideration.