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1

Chemia klimatu

Czaja Małgorzata

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2026

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[Z] 80, 5-6

957--987

EN

Atmospheric chemistry constitutes a key component of Earth's climate system, as chemical processes occurring in the atmosphere and oceans influence both the planet’s radiative balance and the lifetimes of trace gases and aerosols. This article presents selected aspects of climate chemistry from a molecular and reaction-oriented perspective. The properties of greenhouse gases responsible for infrared absorption are discussed, along with photochemical processes in the troposphere and stratosphere, including the role of radical reactions in the oxidation of atmospheric compounds and the control of their lifetimes. The importance of atmospheric aerosols and heterogeneous reactions affecting atmospheric composition and cloud radiative properties is highlighted. The carbon cycle is also presented as a system of chemical equilibria, encompassing the exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and oceans, the carbonate system in seawater, and the associated phenomenon of ocean acidification. The article portrays the climate as a complex physicochemical system, in which chemical reactions and phase equilibria play a central role in regulating atmospheric composition and stabilizing the climate system.

2

Statistical determinants of greenhouse gas emissions in the polish aviation sector

Szmagaj Joanna, Krzykowska-Piotrowska Karolina

Journal of KONBiN

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2026

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Vol. 56, iss.1

81--95

EN

The dynamic growth of air transport and its increasing environmental impact make the aviation sector a key area in the pursuit of climate neutrality within the European Union. This study addresses the research question of which structural and operational factors statistically determine greenhouse gas emissions in the Polish aviation sector and to what extent technological and systemic measures may reduce emission intensity under conditions of growing demand. The aim of the article is to identify the main emission drivers in Poland and to assess the reduction potential associated with fleet structure, aircraft capacity, and operational efficiency. A multifaceted quantitative methodology was applied, including statistical analysis of Eurostat, national, and ICAO datasets, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis for different aircraft categories, and comparative emission calculations between air and road transport. The results indicate that although Poland demonstrates lower per-passenger emission intensity than the EU average, it is characterized by one of the highest emission growth dynamics in the Union. The study contributes to the literature by providing a country-specific statistical assessment of aviation emission determinants and by integrating macro-level emission data with aircraft-level operational analysis in the context of EU climate policy.

PL

Dynamiczny rozwój transportu lotniczego oraz jego rosnący wpływ na środowisko sprawiają, że sektor lotniczy staje się kluczowym obszarem w dążeniu do osiągnięcia neutralności klimatycznej w Unii Europejskiej. W artykule podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie badawcze, które czynniki strukturalne i operacyjne w sposób statystyczny determinują emisję gazów cieplarnianych w polskim sektorze lotniczym oraz w jakim stopniu działania technologiczne i systemowe mogą ograniczyć intensywność emisji w warunkach rosnącego popytu. Celem pracy jest identyfikacja głównych czynników kształtujących poziom emisji w Polsce oraz ocena potencjału redukcyjnego związanego ze strukturą floty, pojemnością statków powietrznych i efektywnością operacyjną. Zastosowano wieloaspektową metodologię ilościową obejmującą analizę statystyczną danych Eurostatu, danych krajowych oraz ICAO, statystykę opisową, analizę korelacji Pearsona dla różnych kategorii statków powietrznych oraz porównawcze obliczenia emisji w transporcie lotniczym i drogowym. Wyniki wskazują, że mimo niższej intensywności emisji w przeliczeniu na pasażera w porównaniu ze średnią UE, Polska charakteryzuje się jedną z najwyższych dynamik wzrostu emisji w Unii. Artykuł wnosi wkład do literatury poprzez przedstawienie krajowej, statystycznej oceny determinant emisji w lotnictwie oraz integrację danych makroekonomicznych dotyczących emisji z analizą operacyjną na poziomie statków powietrznych w kontekście polityki klimatycznej UE.

3

Mikrobiota drzew i klimat

Skubała Piotr

Aura : Ochrona Środowiska

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2026

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Nr 2

18--19

PL

Współczesne badania wskazują, że mikroorganizmy stanowią integralny element fizjologii drzew i ich zdolności adaptacyjnych. Wewnątrz żywych drzew oraz w ich korze istnieje bogaty i wyspecjalizowany mikrobom. Szczególne znaczenie przypisuje się mikrobiocie kory, która dzięki zdolności do utleniania gazów aktywnych klimatycznie, zwłaszcza wodoru, może ograniczać pośredni wpływ metanu na klimat, potencjalnie kompensując do 15% jego antropogenicznych emisji. Postrzeganie drzew i ich mikrobioty jako funkcjonalnej całości jest dzisiaj kluczowe dla lepszego zrozumienia roli lasów w regulacji klimatu oraz dla skuteczniejszych strategii ochrony i modelowania zmian klimatycznych.

EN

Contemporary research indicates that microorganisms constitute an integral component of tree physiology and their adaptive capacities. A rich and specialized microbiome exists within living trees and in their bark. Particular importance is attributed to the bark microbiota, which, due to its ability to oxidize climate-active gases – especially hydrogen – can limit the indirect impact of methane on the climate, potentially compensating for up to 15% of its anthropogenic emissions. Viewing trees and their microbiota as a functional whole is now crucial for a better understanding of the role of forests in climate regulation, as well as for developing more effective strategies for forest conservation and climate-change modeling.

4

Sustainable development of renewable energy in shipping: technological and environmental prospects

Melnyk Oleksiy, Bulgakov Mykola, Fomin Oleksij, Onyshchenko Svitlana, Pulyaev Igor

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 127

165--188

EN

Shipping is one of the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions; therefore, immediate actions must be taken in the field of sustainable development. This study focuses on exploring the use of renewable energy to mitigate emissions and enhance energy efficiency on board ships. Hence, technologies for capturing, utilizing, and storing solar, wind, and carbon energy are investigated. Further, the study weighs these approaches in terms of benefits, drawbacks, and potential application in sustainable maritime operations. To quantify the practicability of the solutions analyzed, an interdisciplinary approach intertwining feasibility analysis, simulation modeling, and policy evaluation is used. Topics discussed include technological barriers, economic barriers, and regulatory frameworks. It also highlights recent advances with great environmental potential in shipping, such as hybrid propulsion systems and fuel cell technologies. The results showed that the hybrid systems with renewable energy combined with CCUS can reduce CO₂ emissions from ships up to 90%, which, in the best case, simultaneously imparts an increased operational efficiency and environmental sustainability. The study therefore examined regulatory and policy options that could facilitate the transition to renewable energy in this sector, and the industrial application of these technologies is thus presented as a key stage in environmentally sustainable development.

5

Greenhouse gas emissions in seaports exemplified by the port in Gdynia

Klimek Hanna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 226

495--505

EN

Purpose: Faced with climate change, reducing greenhouse gas emissions is one of the most difficult and urgent global challenges. Seaports are large GHG emitters, and they have been assessing their carbon footprint and adopting decarbonization strategies. However, calculating the carbon footprint of ports is a serious challenge due to the specificity of the service-based activities they conduct. This article addresses the topic of GHG emissions in seaports, using the example of the port in Gdynia (one of the four largest Polish ports), where the port authority started estimating the carbon footprint as part of preparations for ESG reporting. The aim of this article is to identify challenges related to assessing and reporting carbon footprint in a seaport. Design/methodology/approach: The study used secondary and primary data sources. A review of the literature on the subject was conducted, as well as the analysis of the summaries of reports published by the Gdynia port management for the years 2003 and 2020-2023 (in which the identified sources of GHG emissions were described and the amount of emissions was estimated), and data from non-standardized interviews conducted in January 2025 with employees of Polish ports were used, which allowed us to establish that the Port of Gdynia Authority SA was the first of all Polish ports to attempt to estimate the amount of GHG emissions in the port and prepare a report on the size of its carbon footprint. Findings: It was established that the specificity of port activities results in various problems and challenges, which concern, among others, collecting the required and reliable data, using analytical tools dedicated to ports, methods of estimating the carbon footprint, taking into account the incomplete scope of emissions and making numerous "exclusions" (which may lead to doubts as to the reliability of the report), proposals for directions of actions to reduce GHG emissions in the port. Research limitations/implications: The credibility of reports and the effectiveness of seaport carbon footprint reduction strategies depend on the reliability and discipline of the GHG emission estimation process. Practical implications: The study of GHG emissions and the preparation of a reduction strategy in seaports is one of the primary challenges port authorities and port service companies face in light of the need for decarbonization. This article indicates problems and challenges that the authors of carbon footprint reports and reduction strategies in seaports must confront. Originality/value: In the Polish literature on this subject, there is a lack of studies on the specifics of GHG emissions in seaports, reporting of port carbon footprint and related problems. This article identifies challenges and provides some recommendations.

6

Development of a consumer maturity model for carbon footprint reduction

Szczepańska Alicja, Zdonek Iwona

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 228

613--635

EN

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to present the concept and practical implementation of a consumer maturity model for reducing the carbon footprint. The developed model allows the evaluation of consumers’ awareness and behaviors regarding carbon footprint reduction. Design/methodology/approach: The research was based on a comprehensive literature review covering the concepts of carbon footprint and maturity models. Based on the findings, an original consumer maturity model was constructed, followed by its testing using the Proof of Concept (PoC) approach. A Python application was developed to assess consumer maturity based on user responses. Findings: The study resulted in the creation of a consumer maturity model consisting of key dimensions and variables influencing carbon footprint reduction. The model was successfully implemented in an application that allows classification of consumers into different maturity levels based on their behaviors and decisions. Research limitations/implications: The model was tested in a controlled environment, which may limit its generalizability. Future research should involve testing with a broader and more diverse group of consumers. Practical implications: The model and application can be used by organizations and institutions to diagnose consumer readiness to adopt more sustainable behaviors and to design educational or marketing interventions tailored to different maturity levels. Social implications: Promoting awareness and behavioral change among consumers can significantly contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions at the individual level, supporting broader climate protection efforts. Originality/value: The paper introduces a novel model specifically targeting consumer behavior in the context of carbon footprint reduction, addressing a gap in existing maturity models which primarily focus on organizational or industrial practices. Keywords: carbon footprint, consumer maturity, maturity model, greenhouse gases.

7

Rozwój aparatury łączeniowej średniego napięcia z zastosowaniem komór próżniowych i suchego powietrza

Kiszło Stanisław, Szymański Michał, Jaroszewicz Michał Adam

Rynek Energii

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2025

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Nr 5

10--14

PL

W artykule przedstawiono uregulowania prawne UE w zakresie emisji gazów cieplarnianych, opisano wytyczne Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w zakresie stosowanych izolacji aparatury łączeniowej. Przedstawiono opracowania rozłączników średniego napięcia z zastosowaniem komór próżniowych konstrukcji otwartej i konstrukcji zamkniętej. Opisano wybrane próby i badania rozłączników napowietrznych. Przedstawiono przykłady instalacji rozłączników z napędami w sieciach średnich napięć.

EN

The article presents EU legal regulations on greenhouse gas emissions, describes the guidelines of the Europe Parliament and the Council on the applied insulation of switchgear. It presents the development of medium-voltage disco nectors using open and closed vacuum interrupters. Described are selected tests and studies of overhead disconnecto It presents examples of installation of disconnectors with drives in medium-voltage networks.

8

Anthropogenic global warming from the perspective of the Phanerozoic evolution of Earth’s climate

Wierzbowski H.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2025

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Vol. 73, nr 2

131--138

EN

The paper presents an overview of published data on the Phanerozoic evolution of Earth’s climate, and on examples of abrupt climate warming linked to greenhouse gas emissions. A major role of carbon dioxide in long-term climate forcing is documented by the co-occurrence of geological proxies of an elevated atmospheric CO2 level and high surface temperatures during the Phanerozoic history of the Earth, which is related to global geochemical processes. The rapid climatic warming during the Early Toarcian (Jurassic) and the Paleocene-Eocene transition (Paleogene) was caused by emission of greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) from magmatic sources, thermal decomposition of fossil organic matter and their expulsion in secondary trigger processes from terrestrial and marine pools. The same phenomena are among the presumed effects of burning of fossil fuels by recent human activity. The expected anthropogenic global warming due to the combustion of the fossil fuel reserve is lesser than the major warming of the past; however, it can cause a significant increase in atmospheric CO2 level and a rise in surface temperatures marking the end of the present icehouse conditions of the Earth’s climate.

9

Relationship Between Organic Farmland Expansion and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Europe in Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals

Kozlovskyi Serhii, Zayukov Ivan, Kozlovskyi Volodymyr, Tregubov Oleksandr, Storchak Sviatoslav, Mishchenko Viktor, Lavrov Ruslan

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2025

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Vol. 20, no. 1

159--173

EN

The global community is endeavouring to achieve the ambitious Sustainable Development Goals. An important area of implementation of all the seventeen goals is the introduction of organic production in agriculture. This will contribute to providing the population with food; improving public health; overcoming the problems related to hunger, poverty, poor health, limited clean drinking water, energy shortages, depletion of natural resources, climate change, and pollution of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The EU-27 countries need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to zero by 2050, which exacerbates the issue. For this reason, the paper hypothesizes that organic farmland expansion will potentially result in an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Accordingly, the purpose of the paper is to conduct empirical research into the impact of organic farmland expansion on the increase in greenhouse gas emissions in the EU. The correlation and regression analysis based on the use of available Eurostat statistics for the period 2014-2021 for selected individual European countries demonstrated that the majority of European countries exhibit a high degree of correlation. According to data from all EU Member States (27), the relationship is strong and directly proportional. It was found that with an increase in the area of organic farmland by 1% in the EU27, greenhouse gas emissions will increase by 0.00000025 thousand tons. The calculations revealed that ceteris paribus, greenhouse gas emissions are influenced by the expansion of organic farmland by 62.4%. Among the European countries under study, similar trends are observed in Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Spain, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Finland, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. Meanwhile, in Lithuania and the Netherlands, the relationship is inversely proportional. Weak correlation, as evidenced by the calculated correlation coefficient, is observed in such European countries as Bulgaria (0.05); Poland (0.02); Slovakia (0.05). To implement the Sustainable Development Goals, it is recommended to take measures to change the culture of food consumption; to use agricultural technologies, methods, equipment, machinery and mechanisms more efficiently; and to rationally use the waste.

XX

Społeczność globalna dąży do osiągnięcia ambitnych Celów Zrównoważonego Rozwoju. Istotnym aspektem realizacji Celów jest wprowadzenie produkcji ekologicznej w rolnictwie. Przyczyni się to między innymi do zerowego głodu (Cel 2); zapewnienia ludzkości alternatywnych źródeł energii (Cel 7); opracowania innowacyjnych rozwiązań (Cel 9); motywacji ludności do odpowiedzialnej konsumpcji, w tym żywności (Cel 12); walki ze zmianą klimatu (Cel 13); oraz zachowania ekosystemów zarówno na lądzie, jak i pod wodą (Cele 14-15). Ważnym obszarem realizacji wszystkich siedemnastu celów jest wprowadzenie produkcji ekologicznej w rolnictwie. Przyczyni się to do zapewnienia ludności żywności; poprawy zdrowia publicznego; przezwyciężenie problemów związanych z głodem, ubóstwem, złym stanem zdrowia, ograniczoną ilością czystej wody pitnej, niedoborami energii, wyczerpywaniem się zasobów naturalnych, zmianami klimatu i zanieczyszczeniem ekosystemów wodnych i lądowych. Kraje UE-27 muszą zredukować emisję gazów cieplarnianych do zera do 2050 r., co jest dodatkowym wyzwaniem. Z tego powodu w artykule postawiono hipotezę, że ekspansja ekologicznych gruntów rolnych potencjalnie doprowadzi do wzrostu emisji gazów cieplarnianych. W związku z tym celem artykułu jest przeprowadzenie badań empirycznych nad wpływem ekspansji ekologicznych gruntów rolnych na wzrost emisji gazów cieplarnianych w UE. Analiza korelacji i regresji oparta na wykorzystaniu dostępnych statystyk Eurostatu za okres 2014–2021 dla wybranych poszczególnych krajów europejskich wykazała, że większość krajów europejskich wykazuje wysoki stopień korelacji. Zgodnie z danymi ze wszystkich państw członkowskich UE (27) związek ten jest silny i wprost proporcjonalny. Stwierdzono, że wraz ze wzrostem powierzchni ekologicznych gruntów rolnych o 1% w UE27 emisja gazów cieplarnianych wzrośnie o 0,00000025 tys. ton. Obliczenia wykazały, że ceteris paribus emisja gazów cieplarnianych pod wpływem ekspansji ekologicznych gruntów rolnych może wzrosnąć o 62,4%. Wśród badanych krajów europejskich podobne tendencje obserwuje się w Danii, Niemczech, Estonii, Hiszpanii, Holandii, Portugalii, Rumunii, Finlandii, Szwajcarii i Wielkiej Brytanii. Tymczasem na Litwie i w Holandii zależność jest odwrotnie proporcjonalna. Słabą korelację, o czym świadczy obliczony współczynnik korelacji, obserwuje się w takich krajach europejskich jak Bułgaria (0,05); Polska (0,02); Słowacja (0,05). Aby wdrożyć Cele Zrównoważonego Rozwoju, zaleca się podjęcie działań mających na celu zmianę kultury konsumpcji żywności; efektywniejsze wykorzystanie technologii, metod, sprzętu, maszyn i mechanizmów rolniczych; racjonalne wykorzystanie odpadów.

10

The assessment of GHG emissions from the cultivation of feedstocks for biofuel production in Poland

Wiśniewski Paweł, Ochmańska Katarzyna, Samson-Brek Izabela, Druet Paweł

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2025

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no. 67

9--15

EN

The shift towards renewable energy sources (RES) is crucial for promoting sustainable growth in the EU, aiming to achieve at least a 42.5% contribution of RES to gross final energy consumption by 2030. The transportation sector must also adhere to emission reduction targets, owing to its significant contribution to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This research examines the GHG emissions linked to the cultivation of feedstocks for biofuel production in Poland, specifically analysing wheat, triticale, rye, and maize. To assess and delineate the GHG emissions throughout the lifecycle of biomass production on selected Polish farms, the methodology endorsed by the Polish certification framework for sustainable biofuels and bioliquids (KZR INiG system) was employed, as validated by the European Commission. Data were gathered from 294 questionnaires distributed across large-scale agricultural operations in 91 diverse locations throughout Poland. Findings reveal that emissions varied from 14.3 g CO2eq∙kg-1 for maize to 386.5 g CO2eq∙kg-1 for triticale. The highest average emissions were recorded for wheat at 115.0 g CO2eq∙kg-1, followed closely by rye at 113.8 g CO2eq∙kg-1, triticale at 108.7 g CO2eq∙kg-1, and maize at 81.8 g CO2eq∙kg-1. Primary sources of emissions included the fuel consumption of farming machinery, the production of fertilisers and pesticides, and soil emissions resulting from crop cultivation, which collectively accounted for 80-87% of total emissions, depending on the crop. The kind and amount of fertilisers used significantly influenced emissions. Furthermore, it was observed that lower crop yields were associated with elevated GHG emissions per unit of biomass produced.

11

Microbial mitigation of greenhouse gas and odour emissions from poultry manure : Implications for sustainable environmental management

Kupiec Jerzy M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2025

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no. 67

128--137

EN

This study evaluated the effectiveness of microbial compositions (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Pediococcus sp.) in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) and odour emissions from stored poultry manure. The research consisted of two phases: (EI) a controlled 11-week column experiment with chicken manure under static chamber conditions, and (EII) a 42-week in situ experiment on chicken and turkey manure piles. Gas emissions (CO2, CH4, NH3, H2S, O2) were monitored using NDIR (nondispersive infrared) and electrochemical sensors, while GC-MS analysis assessed volatile organic compounds. Results indicated that microbial treatments accelerated organic matter decomposition, increasing CO2 and H2S emissions compared to controls. However, they significantly reduced NH3 (by up to 83%) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) concentrations, demonstrating potential for odour mitigation. In in situ trials, turkey manure exhibited higher initial odour intensity (4.5 compared to 4.1 on a 5-point scale at 1 m distance), but both manure types stabilised to negligible levels (~1.2) after 9 weeks. Temperature and humidity strongly influenced emissions, with higher NH3 release observed at warmer temperatures (17-19°C) and moderate humidity (64–69%). The study highlights the trade-off between microbial treatments’ benefits (NH3 reduction) and drawbacks (elevated CO2/H2S). Further optimisation of bacterial strains and integration with aerobic composting is recommended to balance emission control with nutrient retention. These findings contribute to sustainable manure management strategies aligned with circular economy principles.

12

Potential impact of coal mining and use for electricity generation in Brazil on global warming

Nascimento Marisa, Soares Paulo Sergio Moreira

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2025

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

65--75

EN

The study aims to evaluate the potential contribution of coal production for electric power generation in Brazil to greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, applying life cycle assessment (LCA). The product system studied consists of mining, transportation of the coal to the power station, and power generation. The LCA was first developed only for coal mining in Brazil. Secondly, it was enlarged to include transportation of the coal domestically produced, the hard coal imported, and power generation (Integrated System BR). In the mining stage in Brazil (Brazilian coal), the contribution to the global warming potential was estimated at 237 kg of CO2eq/t of coal. Coal extraction showed the highest contribution, approximately 232 kg of CO2eq/t energetic coal (or 162 kg CO2eq/t ROM). For the Integrated System BR, the total contribution to global warming potential was estimated at 1.11 x 103 kg of CO2eq/MWh. The generation process showed the highest contribution, accounting for 89.04%. Fugitive emissions are responsible for most of the greenhouse gases emissions. Imported hard coal (production and transportation) accounted for only 1.22% of the total contribution to global warming potential.

13

Greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4) exchange between the atmosphere and freshwater bodies in the south of Vietnam

Pham Quynh Huong, Le Cong Man, Tram Trung Hieu, Le Dinh Anh Vu

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2025

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Vol. 2, no. 1

782--797

EN

The role of lakes/reservoirs in the global carbon cycle remains controversial due to the coexistence of methanogens and methanotrophs in this ecosystem type. The study aims to compare greenhouse gas (CH4 and CO2) emissions between three reservoirs (Trị An, Dầu Tiếng, and Buôn Tua Srah) and two natural lakes (Lắk and Bàu Trắng), associated with the influence of water physicochemical properties on the emission quantities. Field data were collected in October 2020 and April 2021, coinciding with the wet and dry seasons, respectively. An autoanalyzer ultraportable gas analyzer was used to measure the rates of greenhouse gas fluxes exchanged between the water bodies and the atmosphere in a transparent floating chamber at one Hz frequency within five to eleven hours, depending on the weather condition. Water quality parameters, including pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, ORP, and DO were measured hourly. The results indicated that CO2 dominated the total carbon emission quantities in the lakes and reservoirs. The CH4 and CO2 amounts released hourly were higher in the natural lakes relative to the reservoirs and remarkably lower during the dry season compared to the wet season. Trị An reservoir functioned as a carbon sink in both seasons, with significantly higher influxes in the wet season. The CO2:CH4 ratios ranged drastically between the water bodies, and the low values of these ratios suggested a higher contribution of CH4 to the total carbon emissions in the natural lakes. The DO and ORP values were low, implying contamination in these water bodies. Oxygen competition probably resulted in the decreased population size of photosynthetic organisms, which in turn, could lead to a reduced rate of hourly carbon emission during the dry season. These findings may affirm the contribution of microalgae and other photosynthetic microorganisms to the role of carbon sink/source of a freshwater body.

14

Czy zmiana klimatu opóźni postęp w gospodarce ściekowej?Emisje gazów cieplarnianych z procesów oczyszczania ścieków

Łaskawiec Edyta

Forum Eksploatatora

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2025

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Nr 4 (133)

32-36

PL

Dane Eurostatu wskazują na znaczące inwestycje w sektor oczyszczania ścieków na terenie Unii Europejskiej w 2024 r. (76 mld euro) [1]. Jednak oczyszczalnie ścieków wciąż są głównymi konsumentami energii, generując znaczące ilości dwutlenku węgla (ponad 27 min ton rocznie) oraz emitując inne silne gazy cieplarniane, takie jak metan oraz podtlenek azotu. Według raportu Water Europe [2], aby zapewnić stabilny rozwój gospodarki oraz ochronę środowiska i klimatu, kraje członkowskie Unii Europejskiej muszą zainwestować 255 miliardów euro w branżę wodno-kanalizacyjną w ciągu najbliższych 6 lat.

15

What is the main mechanism of Earth’s temperature changes?

Zarzycki Roman

Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology

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2025

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R. 30, NR 1-2

1--10

EN

The prevailing consensus among most of the society is that the observed increase in global temperature is primarily attributed to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly CO2 resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels. The forthcoming analysis will demonstrate that the primary factors responsible for the Earth’s temperature are changes in the heat flux from the Sun and the heat generated within the Earth. These factors subsequently impact the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere. While human-generated greenhouse gases do contribute to this process, their influence is relatively minor. The results obtained should be crucial in shaping global policies related to industry and the environment.

16

Oddziaływanie promieniowania elektromagnetycznego z gazami atmosferycznymi : efekty energetyczne

Misiołek Andrzej

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Zarządzania Ochroną Pracy w Katowicach

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2024

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Nr 1(19)

53--72

PL

W pracy przedstawiono oddziaływanie promieniowania elektromagnetycznego z atmosferą Ziemi oraz wybranymi gazami atmosferycznymi. Omówiono procesy i zjawiska odbijania, rozproszenia i absorpcji promieniowania słonecznego przez molekuły gazów zawartych w powietrzu, cząstki pyłów oraz aerozoli obecnych w atmosferze. Zaprezentowane i omówione zostały zagadnienia związane z absorpcją promieniowania termicznego Ziemi. W oparciu o przegląd literatury przedstawiono zmierzone doświadczalnie widma absorpcyjne pary wodnej, ditlenku węgla, metanu, tlenku diazotu oraz widmo IR absorpcji powietrza troposferycznego. Wskazano zakresy długości fal (liczb falowych), w których absorbują wybrane gazy oraz zakres tzw. „okna atmosferycznego”, w którym gazy atmosferyczne nie absorbują promieniowania termicznego. Przedstawiono też propozycję prowadzenia dalszych badań literaturowych i przeglądu artykułów naukowych dotyczących oceny wpływu gazów atmosferycznych na temperaturę przy powierzchni Ziemi oraz ewentualne zmiany ziemskiego klimatu z tym związane.

EN

The work presents the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with the Earth’s atmosphere and selected atmospheric gases. The processes and phenomena of reflection, scattering and absorption of solar radiation by gas molecules contained in the air, dust particles and aerosols present in the atmosphere are discussed. Issues related to the absorption of Earth’s thermal radiation are presented and discussed. Based on a literature review, experimentally measured absorption spectra of water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, dinitrogen oxide and the IR absorption spectrum of tropospheric air are presented. The ranges of wavelengths (wave numbers) in which selected gases absorb and the range of the so-called „atmospheric window” in which atmospheric gases do not absorb thermal radiation are shown. A proposal is also presented to conduct further literature research and review scientific articles regarding the assessment of the impact of atmospheric gases on the temperature at the Earth’s surface and possible changes in the Earth’s climate related to it.

17

Rozporządzenie metanowe i jego wpływ na branżę oil&gas w Polsce – wybrane zagadnienia

Porębski Michał

Wiadomości Naftowe i Gazownicze

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2024

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R. 27, Nr 7 (305)

12-16

18

Analiza śladu węglowego eksploatacji autobusów miejskich

Fice Marcin, Komenda Danuta

Śląskie Wiadomości Elektryczne

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2024

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Nr 5 (155)

4-12

PL

W artykule przedstawiono metodę obliczania oraz wyniki obliczeń śladu węglowego eksploatacji autobusów miejskich na przykładzie komunikacji miejskiej w Wodzisławiu Śląskim. Do analiz wybrano wszystkie wykorzystywane pojazdy, a dane eksploatacyjne dotyczyły 2022 r. Przedstawiono również sposoby obliczania niezbędnych wskaźników ilościowych stosowanych przy wyznaczaniu śladu węglowego, takie jak: długości tras, ilość zużytego paliwa, wskaźniki energetyczne związane z utrzymaniem zajezdni autobusowej, a także drukowaniem biletów i administracją. Obliczone na podstawie dostępnych publicznie danych, wartości śladu węglowego wykazują duże rozbieżności.

EN

The article presents the method of calculating and the results of calculation the carbon footprint of the operation of city buses using the example of public transport in Wodzisław Śląski. All vehicles of the local company providing urban transport services were selected for analysis and the operating data concerned the year 2022. Methods to calculate the necessary quantitative indicators necessary to determine the carbon footprint were also presented, such as the length of the route, the amount of fuel used, the energy indicators related to the maintenance of the bus depot, as well as the printing and administration. The carbon footprint values calculated on the basis of publicly available data show large discrepancies.

19

Carbon footprint in rail transport

Radziszewska-Wolińska Jolanta Maria, Łyszcz Marta

Problemy Kolejnictwa

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2024

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Z. 202

127--133

EN

This article discusses the concept of the carbon footprint, which represents the total sum of greenhouse gas emissions caused directly or indirectly by a given entity (person, organisation, event, or product). It characterises the currently used methods for calculating and presenting the carbon footprint, based on the ISO 14067:2018 standard and the ISO 14040:2009 series of standards. Furthermore, it presents the carbon footprint in relation to different means of transport. The analysis reveals that the highest amount of greenhouse gases originates from road transport, while the lowest comes from rail transport. However, it is important to note that for each journey and its associated carbon footprint, factors such as emissions generated during the production of components and their transportation to vehicle manufacturers, emissions from the vehicle manufacturing process and their deployment into service, as well as the construction of necessary infrastructure, must be taken into account. The article also demonstrates that the construction of new high-speed railway lines contributes to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in transport. Additionally, it suggests reevaluating the feasibility of developing intermodal freight transport.

20

Carbon footprint of a sports hall building – discrepancies between reference buildings and the actual

Zima Krzysztof, Grącka Apolonia

Materiały Budowlane

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2024

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nr 9

50--57

EN

The aim of the article is to analyze changes in the global warming potential coefficient depending on design solutions during the building's life cycle. Replacing silicate blocks insulated with mineral wool with sandwich panels reduced CO2e/m2 emissions by 14% compared to the base model. The model taking into account actual material transport distances showed the lowest emission reduction. The article emphasizes the need to use ecological building materials and the differences depending on the advancement of the project.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano analizę zmian współczynnika potencjału globalnego ocieplenia w zależności od rozwiązań projektowych w cyklu życia budynku. Zamiana silikatowych bloczków docieplonych wełną mineralną na płyty warstwowe zmniejszyła emisję CO2e/m2 o 14% w porównaniu z modelem bazowym. Model uwzględniający rzeczywiste odległości transportu materiałów wykazał najmniejszą redukcję emisji. W artykule podkreślono konieczność stosowania ekologicznych materiałów budowlanych i różnice zależne od zaawansowania projektu.