Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The use of hydrogen to supply combustion engines - part 1

Nieścioruk Mariusz J., Boroiu Andrei-Alexandru, Ozuna Gustavo, Ávila Agustín Brau, Kubiak Przemyslaw, Woźniak Marek, Siczek Krzysztof

Combustion Engines

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2026

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R. 65, nr 2

148--163

EN

Hydrogen is used to supply various internal combustion engines, as well as to fuel cells, which are employed in various vehicles. The goal of the present study was to review the state of art relative to the application of H2 in the automotive industry. The review focuses on out-of-engine studies on the effect of H2 combustion processes, internal combustion engines supplied with H2, and vehicles utilizing fuel cells. Challenges in applying fuel cells to actual vehicles include limited flexibility in controlling power flow in the PEMFC + B setup, significant power flow losses, which complicate the management of energy systems in case of. The PEMFC + B + UC configuration, as well as a low power density of batteries. A drawback of H2 engines is the emission of NOx, which can be lowered by exhaust gas treatment. Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) can be a clean energy alternative to gasoline-powered cars. However, their development depends on H2 fuel availability and the expansion of refueling infrastructure.

2

Study on the resistance to friction in a lead screw-nut contact zone in a car scissor lift

Woźniak Marek, Morawski Jakub, Zakrzewski Sergiusz, Kądziela Arkadiusz, Szydłowski Tomasz, Siczek Krzysztof, Szufa Szymon

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2026

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Vol. 20, no. 2

78--93

EN

The aim of the study the resistance to friction in the lead screw-nut contact zone in a car scissor lift during its operation. In both cases of lack of lubricant and lubricated contact zone the stick-slip phenomena occurred therein. The analytical model of lead screw-nut assembly driven by electric motor was elaborated. During operation of such an assembly, lubricated stick-slip oscillations occurred with magnitudes smaller compared to the case of dry friction in the contact zone. During lifting the vehicle the friction torque values in the lead screw-nut contact zone lowered due to lowered contact pressure caused by lowered value of the force loading the contact zone due to changing values of angle between the lead screw and the lift arm. Contrary, during lowering the vehicles, the friction torque values in the lead screw-nut contact zone slightly increased. In case of PTFE-based lubricant, the values of the friction torque were over twice as low compared to the case of dry/boundary friction conditions in the analyzed contact zone. The use of lithium grease further lowered twice the friction torque values compared to the case of the PTFE-based lubricant.

3

Study on the effect of loading on the stress distribution in components chosen for the car scissor lift

Woźniak Marek, Morawski Jakub, Zakrzewski Sergiusz, Kądziela Arkadiusz, Siczek Krzysztof

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2025

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nr 84 (156)

94--105

EN

This study aims to determine the effect of loading on stress distribution in components of the scissor lift during the pushing up or down of the car being analyzed. The FEM models of the lead screw and the lift arms are elaborated and implemented using both Autodesk Inventor and the Solid Edge software. The mathematical model for the lead screw is also developed. The models allowed for the obtaining of the von Mises stress values in the lead screw and in the lift arms. Such stress values in the middle of the FEM screw model coincided with those determined analytically. The obtained values are very sensitive to the level of refinement applied for the size of finite elements. The values of the von Mises stresses in both lower and upper arms varied depending on the lift. For a small value of the lift, they can be up to 35% higher than those in the lead screw. However, for the higher lift, the von Mises stress values in the arms may be equal to or smaller than those in the lead screw.

4

Wykorzystanie diagnoz w logice 5-wartościowej (5vl) do prognozowania wystąpienia czasu stanu zdatności krytycznej generatora w elektrowni wiatrowej

Duer Stanisław, Woźniak Marek, Bernatowicz Dariusz, Duer Radosław

Journal of KONBiN

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2025

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Vol. 55, iss.3

63--86

PL

W artykule przedstawiono problematykę prognozowania wystąpienia czasu niezdatności generatora w elektrowni wiatrowej diagnozowanego w logice 5-wartościowej (5VL). Generatory elektrowni wiatrowych mają coraz bardziej złożoną budowę, pracują także przy większych generowanych mocach, z tego względu mają tendencję do częstszych awarii. Powstaje zatem pytanie, kiedy organizować optymalną odnowę tych urządzeń. Odpowiedź brzmi: wtedy, kiedy generator znajdzie się w stanie zdatności krytycznej. Podstawą badań jest opracowany model procesu eksploatacji generatora, który jest modelem 5-stanowym, o stanach ze zbioru {4, 3, 2, 1, 0}. Dla 5-stanowego modelu procesu eksploatacji opracowano graf oraz model w postaci analitycznej. Model analityczny procesu eksploatacji generatora jest zbiorem różniczkowych opracowanych na podstawie równań stanu Kołmogorowa–Chapmana. Rozwiązanie opracowanego układu równań w modelu analitycznym umożliwi wyznaczenie prawdopodobieństw Pi(t) zaistnienia wyróżnionych stanów generatora oraz do wyznaczenia uogólnionej funkcji niezawodności Ro(t). W badaniach prognostycznych realizowanych w sposób symulacyjny szczególne znaczenie mają wielkości prawdopodobieństwa Pi(t) oraz funkcji niezawodności Ro(t), które wykorzystane zostaną do oszacowania prognozowanych wielkości.

EN

The article presents the problem of predicting the occurrence of a generator failure time in a wind power plant diagnosed in 5-value logic (5VL). Generators in (EW) have increasing complexity of their construction, they also work at higher power generated therefore have a tendency to more frequent failures. Therefore, the question arises when, at what time to organize the optimal renewal of these devices. The answer to this question is that the optimum renewal of Generators (EWs) should be organized at a time when the generator is in critical condition. The research is based on the developed model of the operation process of the generator is a 5-state model, with states from the collection {4, 3, 2, 1, 0}. For the 5-state model of the operation process, its graph and model in analytical form have been developed. An analytical model of the operation process of a generator is a set of differentials developed on the basis of the Kolmogorov-Chapman state equations. The solution of the developed system of equations in the analytical model will allow the determination of the probability of Pi(t) of the occurrence of the distinguished states of the generator and to determine the generalized reliability function of Ro(t). The probability values of Pi(t) and the reliability functions of Ro(t), which will be used to estimate the predicted values, are of particular importance in simulated forecasting studies.

5

Not just 0 and 1 – intelligent classification of technical states using multi-valued logic

Woźniak Marek, Duer Stanisław, Kulawińska Beata, Bernatowicz Dariusz

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

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2025

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Nr 3

82--98

EN

An assessment of the technical condition of complex objects requires tools that are capable of accurately representing degradation processes and accounting for transitional states that are not addressed by classical binary logic. In response to these needs, a diagnostic method based on five-valued logic has been proposed, in which the hierarchical structure of the object is represented through element–system–object relationships. The concept developed employs three logical operators: conjunction, disjunction, and implication. At element and system levels, conjunction is applied in critical systems, while disjunction is used in redundant systems. At the system–object level, implication is employed to reflect functional dependencies. A comparative analysis conducted on selected automotive subsystems demonstrated that a single logical approach does not provide sufficient flexibility, whereas a hybrid approach yields results consistent with actual degradation mechanisms. The method proposed enables a more reliable assessment of the condition of technical objects by considering both intermediate states and measurement uncertainty. The research findings indicate that the hybrid use of five-valued logic can serve as a foundation for future diagnostic systems, while integrating logical classification methods with an adaptive selection of operators to support decision-making under operational conditions.

6

Determination of critical capability of wind power plant device based on assessment of its reliability using information from the system (Diag 2)

Duer Stanisław, Woźniak Marek, Duer Radosław, Bernatowicz Dariusz

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

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2025

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Nr 3

117--134

EN

The article attempts to determine the time of occurrence of the critical serviceability state for wind power plant (WPP) equipment. This issue is particularly important for planning the time period for renewal (WPP). The authors assumed that if the time of critical serviceability is known, the time of renewal (WPP) can be planned in advance. For this purpose, the devices (WPP) were diagnosed with a possible assessment of states {2VL, 3VL and 4VL}. Then, for the recognised states (WPP), models of their operation process were developed. The main stage of the research task is a simulation study of reliability (WPP). In this study, the reliability function (WPP) was determined. Based on the characteristics of the reliability function, the times of occurrence of the probabilities of states (WPP) for a given operational process model were estimated. The final result of this study is a comparative analysis of the assessment of the times of occurrence of possible states in the operation process (WPP). Based on this analysis, the time of occurrence of critical serviceability of devices (WPP) was interpreted. sunlight (southern slopes). These elements help mitigate the risks associated with climate change. Used methods in the article: analysis of the literature and the analysis of satellite images.

7

A new perspective on the assessment of the technical condition of complex technical systems: Five-valued classification on the example of a submarine propulsion system

Woźniak Marek

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

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2025

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Nr 3

99--116

EN

The present article addresses the issue of a reliability analysis and assessment of a submarine propulsion system using five-state classification. A model of the operational process of the technical object under diagnosis was developed in both graphical and analytical forms, based on five-valued diagnostics, which enables an unambiguous correlation between operational states and technical states defined. The proposed model incorporates the following subsets of operational states: full operability (S4), partial operability (S3), critical operability (S2), and pre-failure operability (S1), which reflect successive stages of the degradation and restoration processes. Particular emphasis is placed on an identification of the pre-failure state, which is especially significant in conditions of isolated operation, where early detection of degradation symptoms is crucial for preventing failures and ensuring task continuity. The integration of five-state classification with reliability modelling based on Markov processes enabled a determination of the state probabilities Pi(t), describing the proportion of time the system remains in each technical state over time t. Simulations, taking into account the operational profiles of diesel and electric engines, revealed their distinct degradation characteristics and the impact of maintenance intensity on sustaining high readiness levels. The results confirm that the use of the five-state classification improves diagnostic precision and supports operational decision-making, thereby providing an effective tool for reliability assessment and risk management in submarine propulsion systems. The approach presented has practical applicability in environments where maintaining technical operability directly affects the crew safety and operational effectiveness of the submarine.

8

Budowa rozszerzonej bazy wiedzy pomiarowej dla diagnostyki złożonych obiektów technicznych

Duer Stanisław, Bernatowicz Dariusz, Woźniak Marek

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

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2025

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Vol. 66, Nr 6

10--13

PL

Jedną z podstawowych wad realizacji procesu diagnozowania złożonych obiektów technicznych jest przyjęcie uproszczenia dotyczącego występowania jednego sygnału diagnostycznego z jednym parametrem przypisanym do pojedynczego elementu. Takie podejście umożliwia dokonanie dekompozycji modelu funkcjonalno-diagnostycznego obiektu do poziomu czterech warstw obsługowych złożonych z obiektu, modułów, podzespołów funkcjonalnych i elementów podstawowych. Ponieważ w praktyce sygnały diagnostyczne mogą cechować się większą liczbą parametrów, a do jednego elementu możemy przypisać większą liczbę sygnałów np. napięciowe, termiczne, akustyczne itp. to konieczne jest rozszerzenie czterowarstwowego modelu dekompozycji do poziomu sześciu warstw obsługowych. W pracy oprócz rozszerzonego modelu dekompozycji przedstawiono również bazę wiedzy pomiarowej w postaci tabelarycznej opisującej zbiory sygnałów diagnostycznych i nominalnych. Na koniec opisano schemat oraz reguły procesu wnioskowania w poszczególnych warstwach obsługowych dla wielowartościowych ocen stanu badanego obiektu technicznego. Przedstawiony rozszerzony model wnioskowania umożliwia dokładniejsze wyznaczenie bazy wiedzy diagnostycznej w procesie klasyfikacji obiektu.

EN

Simplifying the process of diagnosing complicated technical items by assigning a single parameter to a single element and creating a single diagnostic signal is one of the key disadvantages of this approach. The functional-diagnostic model of an item can be broken down using this method into four service layers: the object, modules, functional components, and fundamental elements. It is important to extend the four-layer decomposition model to the level of six operational layers since, in practice, diagnostic signals can be characterised by more parameters and we can assign additional signals to a single element, such as voltage, thermal, acoustic, etc. The report describes sets of nominal and diagnostic signals and includes an enhanced decomposition model along with a tabular measurement knowledge base. Lastly, a description is given of the structure and guidelines for the multivalued condition evaluations of the technical object under investigation in each maintenance layer, as well as the inference process itself. It is now feasible to identify the diagnostic knowledge base in the object classification process with more accuracy thanks to the enlarged inference model that has been given.

9

The effect of operating factors on the behavior of the combustion engine valve timing system

Siczek Krzysztof, Woźniak Marek, Rylski Adam, Stachurski Wojciech

Combustion Engines

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2025

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R. 64, nr 2

136--149

EN

Issues related to the various driving gears of the valve trains were discussed, along with the factors affecting them. The study was focused on the effect of disassembling the toothed pulley shrink-fitted to the crankshaft journal, followed by their assembly via pressure fitting. The roughness parameters for surfaces of a new and worn toothed pulley and worn crankshaft journal, as well as their hardness values, were measured. The model for calculations of friction coefficient, contact pressure, and friction torque carried by the contact zone was developed. It was found that the disassembling and assembling of the analyzed components can significantly weaken the interference between them. The weakening was accompanied by a decreased contact pressure. The plastic saturation occurred in the contact zone. The corresponding values of the friction coefficient were much higher than those for elastic stress in the contact zone. The friction coefficient values for the plastic saturation conditions differ from each other by up to 10%. Although all values of torque loading the worn toothed pulley exceed values of friction torque carried by the contact zone under plastic saturation, the displacement of the toothed pulley about the crankshaft journal can occur due to possible changes in the friction coefficient in the contact zone. The friction coefficient values can be lowered due to the presence of oxides, impurities, and engine oil droplets introduced into the contact zone by way of the oil mist present inside the engine block.

10

The dynamic behavior of the multi-frequency vibrating screening

Siczek Krzysztof, Woźniak Marek, Kuchar Maciej, Rylski Adam, Modrzewski Remigiusz, Obraniak Andrzej, Ławińska Katarzyna, Wachulak Malwina, Świątecki Radosław

Technologia i Jakość Wyrobów

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2024

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R. 69

67--98

EN

The article aimed to compare the results of the experimental and the simulation research on the dynamic behaviour of the developed multi-frequency vibrating screen prototype. A simulation model of the screen and a test stand for trajectory research have been developed. Simulations of the screen motion were carried out and the results obtained from measurements on the test stand were compared. It was noticed that for the angular ratio of the rotational speeds equal to 1 under their reverse synchronization for the two rotary vibrators exciting the analyzed screen the best conditions were obtained for the good segregation of the granular layer on the screen.

11

30 lat mössbauerowskich badań meteorytów w Polsce

Gałązka-Friedman Jolanta, Jakubowska Martyna, Woźniak Marek, Brzózka Katarzyna, Grabias Agnieszka, Szopa Krzysztof

Postępy Fizyki

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2024

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T. 75, z. 2

3--16

PL

Spektroskopia mössbauerowska57 Fe jest jedną z najczęściej stosowanych metod badania meteorytów. Początek badań mössbauerowskich w Polsce związany jest z meteorytem Baszkówka, który spadł 25.08.1994 w okolicach Warszawy. W artykule przedstawione są niektóre wyniki 30-letnich mössbauerowskich badań meteorytów, otrzymane przez polski zespół badawczy. Do najważniejszych osiągnięć naszej grupy należy opracowanie metody klasyfikacji chondrytów zwyczajnych, które stanowią 87% meteorytów znajdowanych na powierzchni Ziemi. Metoda ta nazwana przez nas metodą 4M (od angielskojęzycznych terminów meteorites, Mössbauer spectroscopy, multidimensional discriminant analysis, Mahalanobis distance) jest metodą ilościową, wykorzystującą pewne systematyczności w mössbauerowskich widmach chondrytów zwyczajnych.1 Podstawowym elementem metody 4M jest baza danych, która w tej chwili składa się z wyników mössbauerowskich pomiarów 87 próbek meteorytów. W artykule omówione są również nowe fazy mineralne zidentyfikowane w meteorycie Morasko. Podano przykłady zastosowania spektroskopii mössbauerowskiej do odróżniania próbek meteorytopodobnych od prawdziwych meteorytów. Omówiliśmy też nasze plany związane z badaniem mechanizmu powstawania chondrytów zwyczajnych oraz z zastosowaniem spektroskopii mössbauerowskiej w przyszłych misjach kosmicznych. Te ostatnie problemy będą rozwiązywane we współpracy z czeską pracownią mössbauerowską Uniwersytetu Palackiego w Ołomuńcu.

EN

57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy is one of the most commonly used methods for studying meteorites. The beginning of Mössbauer research in Poland is associated with the Baszkówka meteorite, which fell on 25 August 1994 near Warsaw. The article presents some of the results of 30 years of Mössbauer studies of meteorites by the Polish team. One of the most important achievements of our group is the development of a classification method of ordinary chondrites, which constitute 87% of meteorites found on the earth’s surface. This method, which we call the 4M method (meteorites, Mössbauer spectroscopy, multidimensional discriminant analysis, Mahalanobis distance), is a quantitative method that uses certain systematicity in the Mössbauer spectra of ordinary chondrites. The basic element of the 4M method is the database, which currently consists of the results of Mössbauer measurements of 87 meteorite samples. The article also discusses the new mineral phases identified in the Morasko meteorite. Examples of the use of Mössbauer spectroscopy to distinguish meteorite-like samples from real meteorites are given. Our research plans related to the study of the formation mechanism of ordinary chondrites and the use of Mössbauer spectroscopy in future space missions are also discussed. The latter issues will be undertaken in cooperation with the Mössbauer laboratory at Palacký University in Olomouc (Czech Republic).

12

The effectiveness of fire detection with convolutional neural networks

Woźniak Marek, Duer Radosław, Gubarevych Oleg, Kulawińska Beata, Bernatowicz Dariusz

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

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2024

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Nr 4

48--62

EN

Modeling the operation process of technical objects, especially complex and intelligent systems, is an important diagnostic problem. Such models are relevant when designing objects, making decisions regarding maintenance, and evaluating operation processes. A common assumption is that the model of the operation process can only record changes in states that occur over a finite period of time. In the traditional approach, when analyzing the number of possible different operating states of an object, a finite set of them is used. The model presented in this article allows analyzing a wide range of issues related to the operation process of complex technical objects. Using the probability functions of states and the readiness functions of a technical object, this model allows modeling the operation process at the initial design stage, assessing the compliance of the operation process of the object with the expected maintenance schedule, and assessing the potential results of the operation process of a complex technical object.

13

Composition, features, problems, and treatment related to cooling fluid - a review

Stajuda Łukasz, Levchenko Dmytro, Kubiak Przemysław, Siczek Kamil, Bogusławski Grzegorz, Kuchar Maciej, Woźniak Marek, Szymczyk Mateusz, Ozuna Gustavo, Siczek Krzysztof

Combustion Engines

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2024

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R. 63, nr 1

106--125

EN

Vehicle coolant is one of the most important operating fluids. Along with changes in the design of engines, the composition of the coolant has also changed. The main function of the coolant is heat transfer (HT). It absorbs up to one-third of the heat energy generated by the engine. The coolant is also responsible for protecting the cooling system from damage caused by corrosion, scaling and deposits. The unfavorable working environment of the engine is also affected by smaller capacities of the cooling systems (CSs) of the drive units, extreme temperatures and increased pressure in the CS, enhancing the importance of the fluid composition. The coolant must be replaced every three years or 100,000 kilometers or every five years or 250,000 kilometers with the Organic Acid Technology (OAT). It is worth remembering that coolant of unknown composition or low quality used for a long time can expose the system to engine overheating, corrosion, deposits and restriction of liquid flow. This can lead to engine failure, in extreme cases even engine seizure. Currently, many types of fluids, including nanocoolants with different compositions, are available on the cooling market. The article presents these fluids, describe the most common failures of CSs, present the currently used methods of fluid replacement in the engine and proposes an innovative method based on the pressure method, which allows both replacing the fluid in the entire system and cleaning it.

14

Przestrzenna inwentaryzacja komór przepływowych hydrozespołów Elektrowni Wodnej Dębe wykonana techniką naziemnego skaningu laserowego

Pieniak Magdalena, Woźniak Marek, Pasik Mariusz, Łapiński Sławomir, Kowalska Maria, Jastrzębski Sławomir

Przegląd Geodezyjny

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2023

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R. 95, nr 6

28--33

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zaprezentowanie możliwości zastosowania naziemnego skaningu laserowego (ang. TLS terrestrial laser scanning) w inwentaryzacji przestrzennej komór przepływowych hydrozespołów, jak również przedstawienie możliwości jakie stwarza wykorzystanie przestrzennego modelu 3D w analizach wykorzystujących zagadnienie inżynierii odwrotnej. W celu pozyskania informacji przestrzennej obiektu hydrotechnicznego wykorzystano technikę naziemnego skaningu laserowego. Pomiar przeprowadzono z zastosowaniem skanera fazowego średniego zasięgu firmy Z+F Imager 5006h oraz tachimetru Leica TCRP1201+. Przedmiotem pomiaru był zespół czterech komór przepływowych zespołów hydrotechnicznych (hydrozespołów) w Elektrowni Wodnej Dębe, opróżnionych z wody na czas skanowania. Gęstość chmur punktów podczas skanowania w komorach wlotowych oraz rurach ssawnych odpowiadała pojedynczym milimetrom. Pomiar współrzędnych (X,Y,Z) punktów odniesienia (nawiązania), niezbędnych do wykonania ostatecznej przestrzennej orientacji skanów, zrealizowano tachimetrem TCRP 1201+ z błędem średnim nie gorszym niż ±2 mm dla każdej współrzędnej. Maksymalna wartość odchyłki dostosowania dla orientacji wzajemnej poszczególnych skanów dla bardzo trudnych warunków jakie występowały w komorze dolnej zwanej rurą ssawną wyniosła 9,4 mm z błędem średnim ±8,5 mm oraz 4,5 mm z błędem średnim ±3,4 mm w komorze górnej. Dla orientacji zewnętrznej, do wspólnego lokalnego układu współrzędnych, uzyskano odpowiednio maksymalną odchyłkę dostosowania równą 13,4 mm z błędem średnim ±11,3 mm (w komorze dolnej) oraz 4,9 mm z błędem średnim ±6,3 mm (w komorze górnej). Pomimo utrudnień związanych z trudnymi warunkami pomiaru (wilgotność 100% i spływająca po ścianach woda) potwierdzono, że dane z naziemnego skaningu laserowego mogą stanowić kompleksowe źródło wiarygodnych danych o geometrii obiektu. Pozyskany materiał stanowi bazowy materiał do wykonywania analiz merytorycznych przez specjalistów z zakresu budownictwa wodnego i mechaniki budowli. Dane te pozwalają dokonywać oceny stabilności i bezpieczeństwa obiektu oraz prowadzić prace modernizacyjne.

EN

This paper aims to present the possibility of using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) of medium range in the spatial inventory of hydropower flow chambers of the Kaplan's turbine units and present the opportunities created by using a 3D spatial model in the analysis using the issue of reverse engineering. To obtain spatial information of the hydrotechnical object, terrestrial laser scanning technique was used. The measurement was carried out using a mid-range phase scanner Z+F Imager 5006h and a total station Leica TCRP1201+. The measurement object was a set of four flow chambers of the Kaplan turbine units (hydrosets) at Dębe Hydroelectric Power Plant, emptied of water for the time of scanning. The density of point clouds during scanning in inlet chambers and suction pipes was assumed about 1 mm. The measurement of (X,Y,Z) coordinates of reference points (reference), necessary for the final spatial orientation of the scans, was made with a TCRP 1201+ total station with an average error of not worse than ±2 mm for each coordinate. The maximum value of the adjustment deviation for the mutual orientation of the individual scans for the very difficult conditions in the lower chamber called the suction pipe was 9.4 mm with a standard deviation of ±8.5 mm and 4.5 mm with a standard deviation of ±3.4 mm in the upper chamber. For the external orientation, to a common local coordinate system, a maximum adjustment deviation of 13.4 mm with a standard deviation of ±11.3 mm (in the lower chamber) and 4.9 mm with a standard deviation of ±6.3 mm (in the upper chamber) was obtained respectively. Despite the difficulties associated with the difficult measurement conditions (100% humidity and water running down the walls), it was confirmed that TLS could provide a comprehensive source of reliable data on the object's geometry. The material obtained provides a basis for factual analysis by hydraulic engineering and structural mechanics specialists. This data allows to assess the object's stability and safety and carry out modernisation works.

15

Description of a three-phase, four-wire system with a nonlinear receiver and an asymmetric voltage source using CPC power theory

Zajkowski Konrad, Woźniak Marek

Journal of Automation, Electronics and Electrical Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 5, No. 3

47--66

EN

This article mathematically describes a three-phase, four-wire circuit in the case of a nonlinear, unbalanced load, asymmetry of the power source with a periodic, non-sinusoidal waveform. This description uses Currents' Physical Components (CPC) power theory for threephase circuits. Determining the energy flow between the source and the load is possible by decomposing the phase current into components depending on the physical nature of the phenomena in this circuit. Mathematical relationships were determined enabling decomposition into components depending on the direction of energy flow and the causes of their creation. A calculation example using the determined relationships and calculation results has been presented. The presented computational concept is important for mathematical analyzes in circuits with nonlinear three-phase receivers. Knowing the nature of physical phenomena, it is possible to perform measures that limit the value of the current supplying the load.

16

Analysis and assessment of the reliability of the operation process of a complex, diagnosed technical facility in 5-value logic

Duer Stanisław, Woźniak Marek, Stawowy Marek, Harničárová Marta, Zajkowski Konrad, Duer Radosław

Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

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2023

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Nr 4

60--70

EN

What the article talks about are the difficulties of figuring out how reliable the workings of a complicated technological object are, especially when using a five-valued logic-based diagnostic method. The foundation for conducting dependability studies on technological objects is the utilization of prepared models that depict operational processes. The present study aims to build and provide a comprehensive description of a five-state model that characterizes the operational process of the diagnosed facility. The operational states that hold significance are the states of the object being tested, as diagnosed within the framework of 5VL-value logic. The model of the exploitation process that was constructed was further validated using simulated experiments. The outcomes of these comparative tests yield the calculated probabilities of the tested thing existing in its distinct conditions. The estimated time frames of occurrence of the recognized states in the object were determined based on the probability of occurrence of the diagnostic states, which were derived from the reliability features of the tested object.

17

Study on selected parameters of engine with the active combustion chamber

Głogowski Michał, Woźniak Marek, Szydłowski Tomasz, Siczek Krzysztof

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 3

3--12

EN

The present study was focused on the combustion engine with a variable compression ratio (VCR), namely the four-stroke air-cooled engine with the active combustion chamber (ACC). An indicated pressure, torque, power, and specific fuel consumption of that engine were investigated experimentally as a goal of the present study. Experiments were conducted using two versions of an engine. Two parameters particularly influencing the ACC engine performance including the maximum compression ratio CRmax and the indicator γfm determining the correct operation of the ACC system, were described. It was found that the ACC engine allowed avoiding detonation combustion without changing the amount and composition of the combustible mixture, and even without delaying the ignition advance angle. In addition, the possible range of control of the combustion process allowed the ACC engine to operate with different types of hydrocarbon fuels, for example, in the form of petrol with various alcohol admixtures. The very intense flow of the combustible mixture inside the cylinder of the ACC engine allowed describing the combustion in the ACC engine with zero-dimensional mathematical models with the dual Vibe function providing the proper characterization of the heat release process. The use of very high maximum compression ratios allows the ACC engine to operate to a certain extent as a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine with high lambda coefficients.

18

Deposition effect of carbon deposits on charge flow in EGR valve equipped CI engine

Woźniak Marek, Siczek Krzysztof, Zakrzewski Sergiusz, Just Paweł, Ozuna Gustavo, Onescu Constantin

Combustion Engines

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2023

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R. 62, nr 1

26--35

EN

The exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve regulates the exhaust gas flow between the engine exhaust manifold and the inlet one. This allows the inlet air to warm up, improving fuel evaporation and reducing the combustion temperature of the charge. Such a valve reduces the number of harmful substances in the exhaust gases. The valve tends to stick when too much sediment builds on the walls of the exhaust system, especially during driving in urban conditions or when leaks in the vacuum or exhaust pipes occur. A faulty valve causes the engine to run unevenly at idle speed and under light loads. The defective EGR valve weakens the inlet manifold capacity, increases combustion, causes clogging of the particulate filter and damage to the lambda probe. Blocked EGR valve may lead to engine immobilization as a result of its computerized control system operations. A model of an EGR valve for a selected diesel engine was developed to determine velocity distribution of the load flowing in it for different values of the degree of valve opening and the volume of deposits on the valve walls. The volume of accumulated carbon deposits on the walls of the EGR valve was measured using a real engine. Based on the recorded mileage of the vehicle, the assumed average speed of the car and the driving style of the driver and the intensity of deposition of carbon particles on the walls was estimated.

19

Kod QR zamiast osnowy

Woźniak Marek, Czekaj Damian

Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny

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2021

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nr 8

24--27

20

Problems with glow plug - a review

Woźniak Marek, Ozuna Gustavo, Siczek Krzysztof

Combustion Engines

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2021

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R. 60, nr 3

11--30

EN

Despite the development of hybrid and electric vehicles, a many-million population of cars with combustion engines, and particularly CI engines occurs on the roads. Also, many stationary CI engines are still utilized. Despite their improved technologies and characteristics the modern CI engines negatively affect an environment due to cold starting problems. Below 0°C, engine starts are problematic due to the decreased battery performance and the spray characteristics, the increased ignition delay time, and the engine oil viscosity. Therefore, various glow plugs are applied to facilitate this process. Types, features, and applications of glow plugs in various engines have been discussed in the paper. One case of failure of glow plug has been presented in the article, including the cause of it.