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1

Zastosowanie krzemionek SBA-15 i koloidalnej modyfikowanych grupami 3-aminopropylowymi jako adsorbentów kwasu 2-hydroksycynamonowego. Studium porównawcze

Geszke-Moritz Małgorzata, Kowalczyk Aleksander, Jarocka-Juszczak Ewa, Moritz Michał

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2026

|

T. 105, nr 6

637--640

PL

Porównano właściwości adsorpcyjne mezoporowatej krzemionki SBA-15 oraz krzemionki koloidalnej modyfikowanych grupami 3-aminopropylowymi wobec kwasu 2-hydroksycynamonowego. Obie krzemionki, pomimo odmiennej struktury, charakteryzowały się podobnymi właściwościami adsorpcyjnymi wobec 2-HCA. Pojemność adsorpcyjna modelowego adsorbatu ustalona na podstawie modelu Sipsa wyniosła 115,1 oraz 106,8 mg/g dla krzemionki odpowiednio SBA-15 i koloidalnej. Dominującym sposobem oddziaływania adsorbatu z powierzchnią krzemionek była adsorpcja fizyczna.

EN

The adsorption properties of SBA-15 and colloidal silica, both modified with 3-aminopropyl groups, towards 2-hydroxycinnamic acid (2-HCA) were detd. Nonlinear fitting anal. was used to estimate the parameters of the Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin-Astakhov and Sips isotherms. Both silicas, despite their different struct., showed similar adsorption capacity (calcd. using the Sips model) towards 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, which was 115.1 and 106.8 mg/g for SBA-15 and colloidal SiO₂, resp. Phys. adsorption was the main force of drug-silica surface interactions.

2

The influence of abrasive material variations in sandblasting on surface roughness and corrosion rate of mild steel SS400

Zulkarnain Akbar, Hardyanti Fyrdha Nur Sannya, Prasetya Henry Widya, Atmaja Dadang Sanjaya, Perwira Dimas Adi

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2026

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Vol. 20, no. 1

501--509

EN

Corrosion is the degradation of metals due to electrochemical reactions with their environment. In mild steel train walls, corrosion accelerates structural damage, necessitating effective surface treatment methods. Sandblasting, a key surface preparation technique, enhances adhesion and corrosion resistance by increasing surface roughness. This study investigates the impact of different abrasive materials silica sand, aluminum oxide, and steel grit on the surface roughness and corrosion rate of SS400 mild steel. Specimens (80 mm × 80 mm × 2 mm) were prepared and treated via sandblasting, followed by surface roughness measurements and electrochemical corrosion testing. Results showed that steel grit produced the highest surface roughness (62.08 µm), while silica sand yielded the lowest corrosion rate (0.0000175 mm/year). Despite its lower roughness, silica sand demonstrated superior corrosion inhibition, suggesting that optimal abrasives for SS400 steel depend on balancing roughness and electrochemical performance. These findings provide critical insights for selecting abrasives in industrial applications, particularly for train wall maintenance.

3

Porównanie metod modyfikacji powierzchni z zastosowaniem samoorganizującej się monowarstwy i elektroredukcji soli diazoniowych

Gutowski Łukasz

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2025

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[Z] 79, 5-6

397--413

EN

The use of materials in any application often requires their modification to achieve the desired physicochemical properties. In the case of specific applications, such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) or surface plasmon resonance (SPR), modification is limited to the surface of substrates used in these techniques. However, it may significantly improve the selectivity of these surface-sensitive analytical techniques. This review is devoted to two techniques often used in the surface modification of substrates for SERS or SPR, the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) approach and electrografting. This review provides general information about both methods of surface modification, including their mechanisms, advantages, and limitations. In the case of electrografting, the strategies for preventing the formation of organic multilayers are additionally discussed.

4

Zastosowanie mezoporowatych adsorbentów w procesie immobilizacji enzymów

Geszke-Moritz Małgorzata, Kamasa Karolina, Moritz Michał

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2025

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T. 104, nr 6

642--645

PL

Przegląd literaturowy dotyczący zastosowania mezoporowatych krzemionek, szkieletów metaloorganicznych oraz struktur organicznych jako nośników enzymów. Układy nośnik-unieruchomiony enzym znalazły zastosowanie w procesach technologicznych (reakcje hydrolizy, transestryfikacji), diagnostyce laboratoryjnej i neutralizacji substancji szkodliwych. Immobilizacja zazwyczaj zmniejsza aktywność enzymów, zwiększając jednocześnie ich stabilność termiczną oraz odporność na czynniki środowiskowe (pH).

EN

A review, with 25 refs., of use of mesoporous silicas, metal-org. framework and covalent org. framework as the enzyme support. The carrierimmobilized enzyme systems used in technol. processes (hydrolysis, transesterification), laboratory diagnostics and toxic substance neutralization were described. Immobilization decreased the enzyme activity and simultaneously increased their thermal stability to environmental factors (pH).

5

Pickering emulsions stabilized by modified Thanaka powder: emulsifying capability and stability

Zhang Wanping, Li Jian, Wang Yaping, Ou Wenhua, Zhu Guangyong, Zheng Shilian

Green Sciences

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2025

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Vol. 27, nr 1

44--53

EN

Thanaka powder is a natural and safe biomass material that can be used in the preparation of Pickering emulsions. It contains lots of hydrophilic phenolic hydroxyl groups, making it highly hydrophilic and leading to emulsion instability, which further limits its application in the cosmetics industry. In this paper, Thanaka powder was modified to improve its stability. The modified Thanaka powder was characterized and was used to prepare Pickering emulsions. The results showed that the stability of the Pickering emulsion increased with the increase of the solid particle concentration; the suitable oil-water ratio helped to obtain the Pickering emulsion with good stability; the different aqueous phase environments had little effect on the particle size variation of the emulsified particles; the emulsions exhibited shear thinning behavior. This study offers valuable insights into the research, development, and commercialization of Thanaka-based skincare products, thereby expanding the applications of Thanaka powder.

6

Zastosowanie mezoporowatych krzemionek jako nośników leków o działaniu przeciwbakteryjnym

Geszke-Moritz Małgorzata, Stoińska Aleksandra, Moritz Michał

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 11

1256--1259

PL

Przedstawiono przegląd literaturowy dotyczący zastosowania mezoporowatych krzemionek jako nośników substancji o właściwościach przeciwbakteryjnych (antybiotyki, chemioterapeutyki, ekstrakty roślinne). Mezoporowate adsorbenty pełniły funkcję rezerwuaru w złożonych układach dostarczania leków, polepszając właściwości przeciwdrobnoustrojowe zaadsorbowanych substancji czynnych. Modyfikacja powierzchni krzemionek stosownymi czynnikami (polimery, polipeptydy, alkoksysilany) umożliwia spowolnione uwalnianie leków lub zapewnia celowane dostarczanie substancji przeciwbakteryjnych.

EN

A review, with 29 refs., of the use of mesoporous materials as carriers of antibacterial substances such as antibiotics, chemotherapeutics, and plant extracts. Mesoporous adsorbents playing the role of a reservoir in the advanced drug delivery systems improving the antibacterial properties of adsorbed active agents were presented. Surface modification of silica with appropriate agents (polymers, polypeptides, alkoxysilanes) enabling prolonged drug release and ensuring targeted delivery of antibacterial agents was discussed.

7

Diffuse plasma surface modification of natural rubber-based composite (Rapid communication)

Ďurišová Silvia, Pajtášová Mariana, Ondrušová Darina, Janík Róbert, Lokšíková Simona, Božeková Slavomíra, Labaj Ivan, Klepka Tomasz

Polimery

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2024

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Vol. 69, nr 7-8

450--453

EN

The article investigates the effect of diffusion plasma exposure time (30 s, 60 s) on the physicochemical surface properties of the natural rubber-based composite. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to assess the properties. Wettability and surface free energy tests were also performed. The application of plasma leads to surface oxidation (EDS). The obtained properties did not change for 21 days, and the plasma exposure time had no significant effect on the physicochemical changes of the composite surface.

PL

W artykule zbadano wpływ czasu oddziaływania plazmy dyfuzyjnej (30 s, 60 s) na właściwości fizykochemiczne powierzchni kompozytu na bazie kauczuku naturalnego. Do jej oceny zastosowano spektroskopię fotoelektronów rentgenowskich (XPS), mikroskopię skaningową elektronową (SEM) z dyspersyjną spektroskopią rentgenowską (EDS). Przeprowadzono również badania zwilżalności oraz swobodnej energii powierzchniowej. Zastosowanie plazmy prowadzi do utleniania powierzchni (EDS). Uzyskane właściwości nie zmieniały się przez 21 dni, a czas ekspozycji plazmy nie miał istotnego wpływu na zmiany fizykochemiczne powierzchni kompozytu.

8

Enhancing mechanical properties of PVC composites through surface composite modified calcium sulfate whiskers

Zhang Yi-Ming, Wu Jinxiu, Lu Qi, Qin Si-Cheng, Liu Zhao-Gang, Hu Yan-Hong, Zhang Xiao-Wei, Li Jian-Fei, Yang Dan-Hong

Materials Science Poland

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2024

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Vol. 42, No. 3

55--71

EN

To enhance the high-value utilization of industrial wastewater, this study used ammonium sulfate wastewater discharged from a rare earth plant as a raw material for producing anhydrous calcium sulfate whiskers (CSWs) through a hydrothermal method. Subsequently, the whiskers underwent modification using a C18H36O2–titanate coupling agent. The modification mechanism of CSW was investigated by comparing the surface contact angle before and after modification, along with characterization and analysis involving X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Finally, composite-modified calcium sulfate whiskers (CMCSWs) were incorporated into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites, and their mechanical properties were evaluated. The results indicated that at a modifier dosage of 15%, a modification time of 25 min, a modification temperature of 80°C, a stirring speed of 400 rpm, a drying temperature of 100°C, and a C18H36O2-to-titanate coupling agent compound ratio of 1:2, the contact angle reached 124.45°, and a nanoscale hydrophobic layer with a thickness of 15.63 nm was formed on the surface. Regarding PVC reinforcement, the tensile strength and elongation at the break of PVC composite with 15 parts of CMCSW added increased by 73 and 262%, respectively, compared to the material without CSW. This CSW serves as an innovative reinforcing agent for PVC composites. The study developed modified CSW with high hydrophobicity, offering theoretical insights for effectively modifying fiber-type whiskers and their reinforcement in PVC applications.

9

A Review of Biomass-Derived Biochar and Its Potential in Asphalt Pavement Engineering

Zhou Li

Materials Science Poland

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2024

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Vol. 42, No. 2

81--99

EN

Biomass-derived biochar has gained significant attention due to its unique properties and potential applications in various fields, including asphalt pavement engineering. However, there has been no comprehensive review to date that systematically examines the state-of-theart research on biochar utilization in asphalt pavements, identifies the key knowledge gaps, and provides recommendations for future research directions. This review aims to fill this gap by providing a novel and critical analysis of the sources and production methods of biochar, the techniques for modifying and characterizing its properties, and its recent applications as an asphalt binder modifier, asphalt mixture additive, and stormwater filter material. The review employs a systematic literature search and analysis methodology, using scientific databases such as Web of Science and Scopus, and keywords related to biochar, asphalt, pavement, and environmental and economic aspects. The selected studies are reviewed and synthesized to identify research gaps, challenges, and future directions, with a focus on the technical, environmental, and economic feasibility of biochar utilization in asphalt pavements. The review also examines the life cycle assessment, carbon sequestration potential, and cost-benefit analysis of biochar utilization. The novelty of this review lies in its holistic approach to assessing state-of-the-art knowledge and its identification of key research needs and opportunities for advancing this emerging field. The review aims to provide valuable insights and recommendations for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers interested in leveraging the benefits of biochar for sustainable and high-performance asphalt pavements.

10

Impact of Freeze-thaw Cycles on Coatings Applied to the Surface of Alkali-activated Materials

Procházka Lukáš, Brázdová Adéla

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 2

art. no. 05

EN

This paper focuses on the possibility of applying selected types of coatings (synthetic and epoxy) on the surface of alkali-activated materials based on finely ground granulated blast furnace slag with an admixture of cement by-pass dust and silica fly ash. Admixtures represent 30% of the binder component (15% fly ash, 15% cement by-pass dust). The mixture is activated with anhydrous disodium metasilicate. The samples were categorized into two series samples stored in water and samples wrapped in foil. Following this, the surface of these two series was modified by two methods, namely brushing with a steel brush and roughening with a diamond wheel. The properties related to the adhesion of the coating to the surface were mainly investigated before and after 100 freeze-thaw cycles. The cross-cut method and pull-off test for adhesion determined the adhesion. The cross-cut test found that the synthetic coating was less susceptible to surface modification than the epoxy coating. The samples were exposed to 100 freeze-thaw cycles. Then, the cross-cut method was applied to the coated roughened surface and the results of this test were classified into category 3. During the determination of the adhesion of the coatings by the pull-off test on the roughened surface for both methods of sample storage, the character of breakage for the synthetic coating was of the cohesive type, thus it was the tensile strength of the materials, while for the epoxy coating, it was the adhesive breakage, thus it was the adhesion between the surface and the coating.

11

Enhancing photocatalytic performance of kaolin clay : an overview of treatment strategies and applications

Boonphan Samor, Prachakiew Suriyong, Klinbumrung Khuruwan, Thongrote Chananbhorn, Klinbumrung Arrak

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2024

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Vol. 50, no. 3

54--64

EN

The objective of this study is to enhance the photocatalytic capabilities of kaolin clay to improve its efficiency in environmental remediation. Various techniques were employed to modify kaolin clay, including heat treatment, acid modification, and material integration. These methods aimed to reduce its bandgap and improve its selective adsorption properties, thereby enabling better visible light activation and pollutant removal. The study discovered that modified kaolin-derived nanomaterials exhibit remarkable potential in breaking down pollutants, disinfecting, capturing heavy metals, and eliminating airborne contaminants. These advanced materials have been successfully used in water filtration, air purification, and the development of self-cleaning surfaces. The modifications increased surface area, adsorption capacity, and overall catalytic performance. Unmodified kaolin, with its broad bandgap, has limitations that hinder its ability to be driven by visible light for photocatalytic purposes and to selectively absorb specific pollutants, including heavy metals. The novelty of this research lies in the systematic exploration and optimization of diverse modification strategies for kaolin clay, showcasing its versatility in photocatalytic applications. The tailored modifications of kaolin to address specific environmental needs have the potential to be a cost-effective and eco-friendly solution for sustainable environmental restoration.

12

Submerged surface texturing of AISI 304L using the pulsating water jet method

Stolárik Gabriel, Klichová Dagmar, Poloprudský Jakub, Chlupova Alice, Nag Akash, Hloch Sergej

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 24, no. 4

art. 207, 1--21

EN

Submerged jets have a variety of practical applications due to their versatility in providing efficient and environmentally friendly options for treatment in various industries. The physical background is based on the continuous water jet (CWJ) application powered via stagnation pressure. However, it is known that impact pressure is much more effective than static pressure. When the impact pressure is repeated with a high frequency per time unit, the erosive effects of water can be used even at pressures below 100 MPa, which is attractive from the point of view of the low demands of the hydraulic system. Surface modification utilising impact pressure can be achieved by employing the pulsed water jet (PWJ) method. The combination of parameters such as the traverse speed and trajectory pattern can control the number of water clusters impacting the material surface. So far, the field of application of PWJ for surface treatment has mostly been investigated water atmospheric conditions. This article focuses on the possibility of the surface modification of AISI 304L stainless steel using the PWJ method under submerged conditions. The results are compared to those obtained under atmospheric conditions. The reference samples were treated by the same technological conditions using a continuous water jet (CWJ). The affected surfaces were characterised using a real surface roughness parameters Sa , Sz , Sp , and Sv, and the surface topography and mechanism of erosion wear were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. A significant increase in all roughness parameters was confirmed using the PWJ compared to the CWJ method (both in atmospheric and submerged conditions), which confirms the importance of using impact pressure. The surface treatment by PWJ under submerged conditions resulted in a decrease of the surface roughness parameter Sa by approximately 97% compared to atmospheric conditions at a traverse speed of 2 mm/s for perpendicular interleaved trajectory, nevertheless, the homogeneity of treatment over a larger area was improved.

13

The Effects of Travel Speed of Tungsten Inert Gas Cladding of Tungsten Carbide and Nickel Composites on the Microstructure of Stainless Steel

Oleiwi Aws Ali, Jilabi Abdul Sameea Jasim

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 4

177--190

EN

he scientific and industrial communities now consider surface modification of steel-based alloys to be essential. One effective method of altering these alloys' surfaces is tungsten inert gas (TIG) cladding.The purpose of this study is to investigate how the surface characteristics of austenitic stainless steel substrates are affected by TIG-deposited composite coatings made of tungsten carbide and nickel (WC-Ni). The study also intends to investigate the influence of the WC-Ni composite coatings' travel speed, and as a result, the heat input usually has significant effects on the microstructure. The coating layers were deposited at different travel speeds (67, 107, and 122 mm/min) using pre-placed composite pastes that were 1 mm thick and contained the same weight percentage of WC (65). The clad layers showed a variety of microstructures in optical and scanning electron microscopy, primarily nickel solid solution dendrites with WC particles scattered throughout the matrix. The dendrites at various locations across the clad layers were few or dense, finer or coarser, equiaxial or columnar, densely or less densely branched, depending on the cooling rates and the density of WC in the composite. Energy dispersive spectroscopy demonstrated that the Fe element that was transferred from the substrate material to the molten pool was primarily concentrated in the matrix, not the dendrites, while the dendrite locations and orientations were amply demonstrated by the distribution of the W element.

14

Surface Modification of the Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta Bio Alloy by the PM-EDM Route

Hayyawi Ahmed Rabeea, Al-Ethari Haydar, Haleem Ali Hubi

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 3

140--150

EN

One of the most attractive β-Ti alloys is Ti–35Nb–7Zr–5Ta wt% (TNZT) alloy, which has one of the minimal Young’s moduli among the β-Ti family (about 55 GPa) and contains no cytotoxic elements. On the other hand, β-type Ti alloys are susceptible to bacterial infection because they lack an antibacterial function and can get contaminated quickly after implantation, making surface modification a keyway to improve these alloys' antibacterial properties. A recently created technique called powder mixed-EDM can improve machining, mechanical, and biological properties at the same time. In this research, silver was added to the dielectric fluid during PM-EDM of Ti-35Nb-7Zr-5Ta wt% alloy prepared by powder metallurgy route. The surface composition, Brinell hardness, corrosion resistance, ion release, and antibacterial properties were evaluated for TNZT alloy before and after surface modification. The results show better hardness and corrosion resistance as well as lower ion release for the PM-EDMed specimen due to the presence of Ag, oxides, and carbides such as NbC, TiC, TiO2, ZrO2, and Nb2O5 that’s deposited and embedded as a hard phase in the recast layer of the machined surface. Also, the antibacterial property of the PM-EDMed specimen is effectively improved as silver is an antibiotic with a wide range, so it has favorable antibacterial properties for Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

15

Coaxial Laser Wire Deposition of AISI 316L steel - research on influence of processing parameters

Koruba Piotr, Radkiewicz Przemysław, Kędzia Jakub, Dziedzic Robert, Smuga Piotr, Reiner Jacek

Welding Technology Review

|

2023

|

R. 95

67--77

EN

Laser cladding technology is a well-established process, commonly used for deposition of improved-property coatings, repair of machine parts and additive manufacturing. Currently, in terms of application of laser cladding, the method based on powder deposition is much more common, as the use of an adapted nozzle allows the coaxial and direction-independent feeding of additional material into the weld pool. However, laser cladding with powder also has some significant drawbacks, e.g., limited powder feeding and melting efficiency, lower productivity and the resulting dust that poses a health risk to operators. The solution to these limitations is the use of additional material in the form of wire. To maintain the ability to coaxially feed the wire to the laser beam interaction point, a specialized cladding head is necessary. In mentioned system the laser beam, while being passed through the optical system, is divided into three separate beams that are focused on the substrate on the working point of the head. In this study, the COAX wire cladding head was integrated into the robot station and laser cladding process was carried out to determine the influence of the processing parameters on the deposition results. The parameters of the cladding system were identified, including the measurement of laser beam caustic. The experimental trials were carried out using AISI 316L wire deposited on S420MC substrate. The effect of the processing parameters on the geometry of the clad was determined with particular emphasis on the wire feeding.

16

Abrasion Resistance Test of the Modified Ti13Nb13Zr Alloy Surface

Lisoń-Kubica Julia, Taratuta Anna, Antonowicz Magdalena, Basiaga Marcin

Tribologia

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2023

|

nr 2

55--64

EN

The research describes an atomic layer deposition (ALD) coating method and its application on a new generation of titanium alloy (Ti13Nb13Zr) for biomedical applications. The study aimed to assess the physicochemical properties and mechanics of a titanium alloy coated with titanium oxide (TiO2) or aluminium oxide (Al2O3) using the ALD method. The physicochemical properties of the surface coatings were evaluated through microscopic observations, potentiodynamic tests, surface wettability tests, optical profilometry scratch tests, and abrasion tests. Based on the data obtained, different physicochemical properties of the alloy with titanium nitride and titanium oxide coatings were found. Such differences were dependent on the number of cycles used and the temperature of the manufacturing process. The coatings have reduced the abrasion coefficient, thus improving the abrasion resistance of the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy, which enables their use within the skeletal system. These findings are of practical importance for applying this type of surface modification to various types of miniaturised implants used in the skeletal system.

PL

Badania polegają na opisaniu metody osadzania powłok atomowych i możliwości jej zastosowania na stopie tytanu nowej generacji do zastosowań biomedycznych. Celem pracy jest ocena wpływu właściwości fizyko chemicznych i mechanicznych zmodyfikowanego stopu Ti13Nb13Zr powłoką tlenku tytanu (TiO2) oraz tlenku glinu (Al2O3) przy użyciu metody ALD. W ramach oceny własności fizykochemicznych tak powstałych powłok powierzchniowych przeprowadzono obserwacje mikroskopowe (SEM), badania potencjodynamiczne, badania zwilżalności powierzchni, profilometrię optyczną, scratch test oraz badania ścieralności powłok. Na podstawie uzyskanych danych stwierdzono zróżnicowane własności fizykochemiczne stopu z powłokami tlenku glinu oraz tlenku tytanu w zależności od zastosowanej ilości cykli oraz temperatury procesu wytwarzania. Powłoki mają obniżony współczynnik ścieralności, poprawiając tym samym odporność na ścieranie stopu Ti13Nb13Zr, co umożliwia ich zastosowanie w układzie kostnym. Uzyskana na tej podstawie wiedza ma znaczenie praktyczne dla zastosowania tego typu modyfikacji powierzchni dla różnych rodzajów zminiaturyzowanych implantów znajdujących swoje zastosowanie w układzie kostnym.

17

Enhanced sulfidation of chrysocolla with ammonium carbamate and its effect on flotation

Wang Ziang, Wu Dandan, Cao Jing, Chen Huiqin

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

|

Vol. 59, iss. 3

atr. no. 168573

EN

In this study, flotation experiments, zeta potential, XPS, AFM, SEM-EDS, and contact angle measurements were performed to study the influence of ammonium carbamate (CH6N2O2) on the sulfidation flotation of chrysocolla. The results of the sulfidation flotation experiments showed that the recovery of chrysocolla increased more than 40% on the optimal condition after adding ammonium carbamate. In addition, the zeta potential of samples with ammonium carbamate was clearly higher than ores for pH > 6, which was due to the complexation reaction between ammonium carbamate and copper ion on the surface of chrysocolla samples. The activity of copper adsorption has also been improved. Furthermore, the XPS data indicated that the content of Cu-S compounds on the mineral surface has been significantly enhanced after ammonium carbamate complex sulfidation. The chemical analysis of the solution led to the same conclusion. The AFM results showed that ammonium carbamate had a positive impact on the adsorption of minerals surface, and increased the flotation recovery. It can be deduced from the SEM-EDS analysis that the surface of chrysocolla better combined with S-, and more Cu-S components were generated on the surface, which led to 1.04% increase of S atomic concentration. Finally, the contact angle measurements showed that the water contact angle of chrysocolla after adding ammonium carbamate could reach 90.4°, which proved that the sulfidation improved the floatability of the chrysocolla sample.

18

Influence of surface-modified nanoclay on the flexural strength of unsaturated polyester resin

Stępka Dominik

Inżynieria Materiałowa

|

2023

|

Vol. 44, nr 5

5--10

EN

This study delves into the influence of surface-modified nanoclay on the flexural strength of Unsaturated Polyester Resins (UPRs). UPRs, known for their robust mechanical properties, find extensive applications across various industries. With the aim of further enhancing these properties, nanofillers, specifically surface-modified nanoclay, were incorporated into the resin matrix. Our research revealed a significant improvement in flexural strength with an optimal nanoclay addition of 0.1% by weight. However, the morphological analysis identified the presence of nanoclay agglomerates, indicating potential areas for optimization in the dispersion process. The findings present a promising direction for developing advanced UPR-based materials, emphasizing the pivotal role of nanofillers in achieving superior mechanical performance.

PL

Analizowano wpływ nanoglinki o modyfikowanej powierzchni na wytrzymałość na zginanie nienasyconych żywic poliestrowych (UPR). UPR, znane ze swoich solidnych właściwości mechanicznych, znajdują szerokie zastosowanie w różnych gałęziach przemysłu. W celu dalszej poprawy tych właściwości do matrycy żywicznej wprowadzono nanonapełniacz, a dokładnie nanoglinkę z modyfikowaną powierzchnią. Badania wykazały znaczną poprawę wytrzymałości na zginanie przy optymalnym dodatku nanoglinki w ilości 0,1% mas. Analiza morfologiczna wykazała obecność aglomeratów nanoglinki, wskazując potencjalne obszary optymalizacji w procesie dyspersji. Odkrycia wyznaczają obiecujący kierunek rozwoju zaawansowanych materiałów na bazie UPR, podkreślając kluczową rolę nanonapełniaczy w osiąganiu doskonałych parametrów mechanicznych.

19

Influence of sisal fibre modification on the microbial stability of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate): thermal analysis

Kittikorn Thorsak, Strömberg Emma, Ek Monica, Karlsson Sigbritt

Polimery

|

2022

|

Vol. 67, nr 3

93--101

EN

The effect of modification of sisal fibre with propionic anhydride and vinyltrimethoxy silane on the microbiological stability of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) was investigated. The effect of the coupling agent – PHBV grafted with maleic anhydride (PHBV-g-MA) was also investigated. The best adhesion at the interface was observed for propionylation of sisal fibre, which improved the thermal properties of the composites. Composites with modified sisal fibre were characterized by higher activation energy (155 kJ/mol), which is related to stronger interactions at the matrix-fibre interface. In the microbial growth test, all biocomposites showed a decrease in molecular weight due to enzymatic degradation by Aspergillus niger. The most resistant to microorganisms was the composite containing propionylated sisal fibre. DMTA and TGA also confirmed the highest microbiological stability of the composite with the addition of propionylated sisal fibre, as evidenced by the smallest change in the properties after the microbiological growth test. In contrast, PHBV- g-MA caused significant enzymatic degradation due to the presence of large amorphous regions.

PL

Zbadano wpływ modyfikacji włókna sizalowego bezwodnikiem propionowym i winylotrimetoksy silanem na stabilność mikrobiologiczną poli(hydroksymaślanu-co-walerianianu) (PHBV). Zbadano również wpływ środka sprzęgającego − PHBV szczepionego bezwodnikiem maleinowym (PHBV-g-MA). Najlepszą adhezję na granicy faz stwierdzono w przypadku zastosowania propionylowania włókna sizalowego, co poprawiło właściwości termiczne kompozytów. Kompozyty z modyfikowanym włóknem sizalowym charakteryzowały się wyższą energią aktywacji (155 kJ/mol), co wiąże się z silniejszymi oddziaływaniami na granicy faz osnowa-włókno. W teście wzrostu drobnoustrojów wszystkie biokompozyty wykazywały zmniejszenie masy cząsteczkowej na skutek enzymatycznej degradacji przez Aspergillus niger. Najbardziej odporny na działanie mikroorganizmów były kompozyt zawierający propionylowane włókno sizalowe. DMTA i TGA potwierdziły również najwyższą stabilność mikrobiologiczną kompozytu z dodatkiem propionylowanego włókna sizalowego, o czym świadczy najmniejsza zmiana badanych właściwości po teście wzrostu mikrobiologicznego. Natomiast, PHBV-g-MA powodował znaczną degradację enzymatyczną ze względu na obecność dużych obszarów amorficznych.

20

Surface modifications of biomaterial with different cold plasma reactors to improve cell adhesion

Terebun Piotr, Wójcik Michał, Trzaskowska Marta, Kwiatkowski Michał, Zarzeczny Dawid, Kazimierczak Paulina, Pawłat Joanna, Przekora Agata

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2022

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vol. 25, no. 165

2--6

EN

There is a growing trend in the engineering of biomaterials, focusing on surface modifications of biomaterials to improve their mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and biological properties. Cold plasma treatment may improve biological properties of biomaterials for biomedical applications by enhancing their integration with host tissue. This study investigated the influence of different cold plasma treatments on the surface properties of a polysaccharides- -based biomaterial to improve cell adhesion to its surface. The samples were subjected to plasma treatment using three different reactors operating at atmospheric pressure: gliding arc discharge (GAD) reactor, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma jet, and DBD surface reactor. Next, surface chemistry of the biomaterial after plasma treatment was determined by ATR-FTIR analysis. Furthermore, a cell adhesion assay on the samples was carried out using normal human skin fibroblasts (BJ cell line). The attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared analysis (ATR- -FTIR) showed that new potential functional groups could be formed on the material surface after plasma treatment. However, plasma treatment of the samples did not enhance cell adhesion to the surface of the polysaccharides-based biomaterial. Thus, the obtained results indicate that plasma treatment using GAD reactor, DBD plasma jet, and DBD surface reactor was not effective for surface modification and cell responses.