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1

Sub-coalitional egalitarian and solidarity values

Stach Izabella, Bertini Cesarino

Operations Research and Decisions

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2025

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Vol. 35, No. 1

140--154

EN

In our sub-coalition approach, players and their blocs, termed sub-coalitions, form a grand coalition following the queue bargaining model. So, sub-coalitional versions of marginal contribution values need to consider the marginal contributions of blocs of players. This article is a novel contribution in two aspects. The first aspect consists of introducing a new subcoalitional value. This value is obtained by a modification of the solidarity value, introduced by Nowak and Radzik in 1994, and an egalitarian way to divide the blocs’ contributions. The second aspect consists of applying the queue bargaining model to provide new formulations for the sub-coalitional egalitarian Shapley value introduced in 2017 and the new sub-coalitional value. Additionally, using a combinatorial approach, we prove that the solidarity value can be calculated using the queue model where players share the marginal contributions with their predecessors, which is the same idea as in procedure 4 proposed by Malawski in 2013.

2

The architect’s trace. The case of Przyszowa

Mizia Małgorzata

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Technicznej w Katowicach

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2024

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T. 18

9--22

EN

The architect’s trace is what is left over in the natural and urban environment following the interference of architects – it is a trace after planned activities. To what extent are they beneficial to the current reality? Using the village of Przyszowa as an example, with documented historical heritage and significant urban values in the form of monuments of architecture and arrangements, an analysis of urban image values was conducted so as, to compare the benefits and losses resulting from the implementation of standard improvements and modernizations. At a time of desperate attempt at the protection of the instantly shrinking natural environment, we turn our attention to rural areas as the last bastion of the still-free living space. The need to care for its shape, authenticity, and quality is felt there more than anywhere else. It is architects and urban designers who should above all be responsible for the current state of things.

PL

Ślad architekta – to pozostałość w środowisku przyrodniczo-urbanistycznym po ingerencjach architektów – to ślad po działaniach zaprojektowanych. W jakim stopniu pozytywnie wpływają one na bieżącą rzeczywistość? Na przykładzie sądeckiej wsi Przyszowa, o udokumentowanej spuściźnie historycznej i znaczących walorach urbanistycznych w postaci pomników architektury i ukształtowania planu, przeprowadzono analizę procesu dodawania i ujmowania wizerunkowych wartości urbanistycznych, porównanie korzyści i strat zaistniałych na skutek wprowadzenia standardowych usprawnień i modernizacji. W dobie dramatycznej ochrony kurczącego się nieustannie swobodnego krajobrazu przyrodniczego, zwracamy się ku wsi, jako schyłkowej ostoi jeszcze wolnej przestrzeni niezabudowanej. Tym mocniej odczuwamy tam potrzebę dbałości o jej kształt, autentyczność i jakość. To architekci-urbaniści w pierwszym rzędzie będą odpowiedzialni za bieżący stan rzeczy.

3

Values and expectations of Generation Z

Ragin-Skorecka Katarzyna, Falfer Roksana

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 201

289--302

EN

Purpose: The main aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the set of values and expectations of Generation Z in the context of their professional work. This study fills a gap regarding the work-related values and expectations of Generation Z, particularly considering the diversity of attitudes related to the represented country. Design/methodology/approach: A survey method was used to achieve the objective. An online questionnaire with closed questions was used, where the range of responses was based on a literature review. The sample consisted of 120 respondents from Generation Z, who were reached via social media. The study focused on gathering the opinions and experiences of this demographic group in order to effectively answer the research questions. Findings: Research has shown that Generation Z's most important values are love, family and friendship. In the workplace, they prioritise a good atmosphere and adequate remuneration. The motivating factors are bonuses, a friendly working environment and job satisfaction, while the demotivators are low pay, lack of development opportunities and a bad atmosphere at work. Generation Z shows less fear of change and more emphasis on work-life balance compared to generation Y. Research limitations/implications: Limitations of the study include the small sample size and specific demographic characteristics, which limits the generalizability of the results to the entire population. Future studies should include a larger, more diverse study sample to increase the accuracy of results and quality of inference. Originality/value: The article contributes to the understanding of Generation Z's work values and expectations, providing insights for employers. In the conclusions, we point to the need to balance individualism and freedom with meaningful and rewarding work in the workplace.

4

Organizational identity and perception of values in the enterprise – in the light of research results

Góralczyk Marzena

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 200

83--96

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present various approaches to organizational identity, with particular reference to the approach of J.M.T. Balmer (2017) and various approaches to values. Moreover, presenting the results of empirical research on the perception of organizational identity by enterprise employees and values in relation to own construct of values oriented towards the functioning of enterprises in their various aspects. Design/methodology/approach: Theoretical research in the field of organizational identity and values in the enterprise. Conducting own empirical research, also in relation to own value construct, which takes into account various aspects of the company’s operation, also relations with the environment. The article is an innovative approach to the presented topic due to the use of author’s own value construct in relation to empirical research. Findings: According to the conducted research, all of the above-mentioned features of the organizational identity of the entities, the respondents are employed in, were considered important. These include: organizational type of the enterprise, purpose(s) of the enterprise/organization, area of activity, geographical scope, ethos and values, market position, management method and employee behaviour, markets and customers served, quality of products and/or services. Moreover, it was shown that all the areas included in the author’s value construct are important for the surveyed employees, i.e. customer service, quality, responsibility, teamwork. Research limitations/implications: Further research will focus on the remaining features of organizational identity by J.M.T. Balmer, also in relation to the analysis of the approach of representatives of different age groups and industry specificity. Moreover, it is worth including the cultural context in future research and indicating, on the basis of a representative sample, how representatives of lower levels of management and the management staff of enterprises approach the aspects discussed in this article. The study has some limitations. The results cannot be generalized because the sample was not selected probabilistically. Practical implications: The presented original value construct can constitute a set of indications for further diagnosis and modification of the development paths of an economic entity, also in the perspective dimension. Its application can be universal and the research results obtained on its basis may support the targeting of programs to improve the management of various types of business entities, also in the context of shaping their organizational identity. Social implications: The research presented in the article is part of the research trend that serves to shape attitudes conducive to building awareness of corporate social responsibility in the context of the presented approach to values oriented not only to the development of the enterprise but also to shaping appropriate relations with the environment. Originality/value: The study showed the perception of organizational identity by company employees in connection with the values identified in author’s own construct.

5

The world of Polish Army officers’ values

Bodziany Marek, Hałas Małgorzata

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2024

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Vol. 56, No. 2(212)

27--51

EN

Values are a very complex subject of research not only from an individual but also from a collective perspective. The first approach places them in the culture of the individual and refers to primary and secondary socialisation and cultural participation. The second approach deals with the culture of the organisation and its axiological specificity. The article attempts to identify value systems in a specific organisation such as the army. On the basis of qualitative research (triangulation, source analysis and interviews with former officers), fixed and variable elements of the organisational culture canon and values recognised by representatives of the officer community were exemplified. The analysis of the content of the literature on the subject and the results of author’s own research indicate that the systems of individual values among officers, although differing significantly, have sets of constant universal values that are acquired under the influence of time in service and experience and the culture of the organisation. The variable differentiating values among officers are individual aspirations and environmental factors shaping the worldview and attitude towards the reality around them. The article attempts to identify the factors shaping the axionormative order of Polish Army officers and to define the values shaping their social pattern.

PL

Wartości stanowią bardzo złożony przedmiot badań nie tylko w ujęciu indywidualnym, ale również zbiorowym. Pierwsze ujęcie osadza je w kulturze indywidualnej jednostki i odnosi się do socjalizacji pierwotnej i wtórnej oraz uczestnictwa w kulturze. Drugie ujęcie dotyczy kultury organizacji i jej aksjologicznej specyfiki. W artykule podjęto próbę identyfikacji systemów wartości w specyficznej organizacji, jaką jest armia. Na podstawie badań jakościowych (triangulacji biernej, analizy źródeł oraz wywiadów z byłymi oficerami) dokonano egzemplifikacji stałych i zmiennych elementów kanonu kultury organizacyjnej oraz wartości uznawanych przez przedstawicieli środowiska oficerów. Analiza treści literatury przedmiotu oraz wyniki badań własnych wskazują, że systemy indywidualnych wartość wśród oficerów choć różnią się znacząco, posiadają zestawy stałych wartości uniwersalnych, które nabywane są pod wpływem czasu służby i doświadczenia oraz kultury organizacji. Zmienną różnicującą wartości wśród oficerów są indywidualne aspiracje i czynniki środowiskowe, kształtujące światopogląd i stosunek do otaczającej ich rzeczywistości. Artykuł jest próbą identyfikacji czynników kształtujących ład aksjo-normatywny oficerów Wojska Polskiego oraz identyfikacji wartości kształtujących ich wzór społeczny.

6

The impact of values on the process of shaping the intentions of sustainable entrepreneurship

Olejniczak-Szuster Katarzyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 176

441--451

EN

Purpose: The growing need to achieve the goals of sustainable development has extended the role of entrepreneurs to "eco or green-entrepreneurs" who, through commercial entrepreneurial activities, strive to solve social and environmental problems. In this context, it is important to define the intentions of entrepreneurs that influence the creation of new ventures that take into account the principles of sustainable development. The article aims to fill the gap in the impact of four values such as: social altruism, environmental altruism, egoism, and hedonism on the process of shaping intentions in the field of sustainable entrepreneurship among young people. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, in addition to the analysis of the literature on the subject, the results of surveys conducted in the period from March to May 2023, among 156 secondary school students, were used. The test of impartiality X2 and T Czuprow's convergence coefficient were used in the study, with a significance level of a = 0.05. Findings: This study identifies the values influencing future green business creation. From a practical point of view, the results suggest that in the process of shaping entrepreneurial intentions, values that go beyond the individual are of the greatest importance. Research limitations/implications: The research carried out is an implication for further research, including new values that affect the process of entrepreneurial intentions in the field of sustainable development. This will allow us to define the future attitudes of sustainable entrepreneurship. Originality/value: Previous research on the impact of values on pro-environmental entrepreneurial intentions concerned mainly the study of students, not including young people aged 15 to 19. Thus, this research is the basis for shaping curricula related to sustainable entrepreneurship.

7

Correlations between trust, cooperation, norms and values in high-tech enterprises in Wielkopolska region

Libertowska Andżelika

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 158

369--381

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to analyze the results of research on the interdependencies between cooperation, trust, as well as norms and values, as key elements of social capital in high-tech enterprises in Wielkopolska Region. Design/methodology/approach: The analyzes carried out covered 51 enterprises belonging to advanced technology industries, including 41 small and 10 medium-sized ones. The research was conducted using the interview method, using a questionnaire and supported by the CATI technique. The obtained data were subject to further analysis and statistical inference. They consisted in determining the mutual dependencies for the three resources of social capital, i.e. trust, norms and values as well as cooperation (jointly creating the social capital of these enterprises) and their components. The relationships were determined based on the calculated Pearson's linear correlation coefficients. Findings: Based on the conducted analyzes, it is legitimate to conclude that the designated level of cooperation, norms, values and trust are closely related. For all combinations of the indicated resources, the determined Pearson's linear correlation coefficients are statistically significant with a probability of 0.05. Also, many combinations of the components of these resources are correlated with each other. Practical implications: The application dimension of the article is perceived in at least two possibilities. Firstly, for business representatives, it can be a valuable source of information on the key factors in the appreciation of social capital in a company. Secondly, on the basis of the calculated correlations, the article gives the opportunity to review the most important relationships between these components, which may also be useful from the point of view of the appreciation of social capital in the enterprise. It is also worth emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature by combining the scientific and application aspect, which can be used at the level of company management. Originality/value: This work deals with an original approach to social capital, both due to the conceptualization of the concept of social capital and its components, as well as the interrelationships between its components. It is also worth emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of the work, combining the scientific and application aspects that can be used at the level of company management. Moreover, the methodology described in the research process may be used in enterprises operating in industries other than high-tech.

8

Zadania najwyższego kierownictwa wynikające z funkcjonowania systemu zarządzania jakością a problem zaangażowania

Bugdol Marek

Problemy Jakości

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2022

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R. 54, nr 6

2--9

PL

Cel: Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja tych zadań, jakie mogą realizować osoby zarządzające, aby utrzymywać zaangażowanie pracowników. Projekt badania/metodyka badawcza/koncepcja: Podstawową metodą był przegląd literatury. Został on przeprowadzony zgodnie z metodologią badawczą zaproponowaną przez J. W. Creswella. W procesie analizy wniosków z badań przyjęto koncepcję przyczynowo-skutkową. Wyniki/wnioski: Kierownictwo powinno: zabiegać o jak najwyższy poziom innych wartości organizacyjnych, które sprzyjają zaangażowaniu (w tym głównie o zaufanie i sprawiedliwość), wyznaczać ambitne (przekraczające nieco posiadane możliwości) i atrakcyjne cele jakości, udzielać wsparcia wszystkim pracownikom w wykonywaniu ich zadań oraz w innych sytuacjach, które tego wymagają, określić zasoby potrzebne dla procesów i zapewnić ich dostępność oraz pamiętać o właściwej alokacji zasobów (zarówno społecznych, technicznych, jak i ekonomicznych). Na dalsze badania zasługuje zaangażowanie demonstracyjne i wyprzedzające. Ograniczenia: Ograniczenia wynikają z przyjętego zakresu badań. Opracowane założenia są związane bezpośrednio ze strukturą normy ISO 9001, a szczególnie kryterium, jakim jest przywództwo i zaangażowanie. Przyjęta metoda, przegląd literatury, nie jest doskonałym sposobem pozyskiwania informacji. Dotychczasowe badania były przeprowadzone w różnych organizacjach i w różnych kulturach. Zastosowanie praktyczne: Wnioski z przeglądu doczasowych badań mogą mieć praktyczne zastosowania w procesie kształtowania i podtrzymywania zaangażowania pracowników. Oryginalność/wartość poznawcza: Dokonany przegląd artykułów wykazał, że brakuje opracowania ukazującego, w jaki sposób - realizując szczegółowe wymagania systemu zarządzania jakością - można kształtować zaangażowanie.

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the tasks that managers can carry out in order to maintain employee engagement. Design/methodology/approach: The primary method was a literature review. It was conducted in accordance with the research methodology proposed by J. W. Creswell. In the process of analysing the findings of the research, the cause-and-effect concept was adopted. Findings/conclusions: Top management should strive for the highest possible level of the organisational values that foster commitment (primarily trust and fairness), set ambitious (exceeding slightly the available capacities) and attractive quality objectives, provide support to all employees in the performance of their tasks and in other situations that require it, identify the resources needed for processes and ensure their availability, and be mindful of the proper allocation of social, technical and economic resources. Further research should focus on demonstrative and anticipatory commitment. Research limitations: A limitation arises from the adopted scope of the research. The research assumptions are directly related to the structure of the ISO 9001 standard, and especially the criteria of leadership and commitment. The adopted method of literature review is not a perfect way to obtain information. Previous research has been conducted in different organisations and in different cultures. Practical implications: The findings of the review of the previous research on the subject may have practical applications in the process of shaping and sustaining employee commitment. Originality/value: The conducted review shows that there is a lack of publications showing how employee engagement can be shaped by implementing the specific requirements of a quality management system.

9

CSR in mission statements of Polish chemical industry companies (content analysis results)

Bortnowska Hanna, Seiler Bartosz

Management

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2022

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Vol. 26, no. 2

1--23

EN

Due to the specific nature of their activities, chemical companies are exposed to significant reputational risk. One way to reduce this risk is by implementing a CSR policy. CSR can be built into the company’s strategy and communicated as a mission statement. The purpose of the article was to determine: 1. the types of values which chemical industry companies in Poland display in their mission statements, 2. if chemical industry companies in Poland display CSR values in their mission statements, 3. if these companies differ from others operating in the chemical sector in Poland in terms of displaying CSR in mission statements. The research was carried out through the Iramuteq program, which enabled content analysis of the collected research material. A total of 197 missions were analyzed to find that less than half of the examined chemical companies in Poland display CSR-related values sensu stricto in mission statements. It was also found that chemical companies (production-commercial) highlighted CSR values in their mission statements more often than analagous service-trade companies.

PL

Przedsiębiorstwa przemysłu chemicznego ze względu na specyfikę swojej działalności narażone są na istotne ryzyko reputacyjne. Jednym ze sposobów ograniczania tego ryzyka jest wdrażanie polityki społecznej odpowiedzialności (CSR). CSR może być włączana do strategii przedsiębiorstwa i komunikowana w deklaracji misji. Celem artykułu jest ustalenie: 1. typów wartości eksponowanych w swoich deklaracjach misji przez przedsiębiorstwa przemysłu chemicznego działające w Polsce. 2. czy przedsiębiorstwa przemysłu chemicznego działające w Polsce eksponują w swoich misjach wartości związane z CSR. 3. czy przedsiębiorstwa te różnią się od pozostałych działających w branży chemicznej na terenie Polski w zakresie eksponowania CSR w deklaracjach misji. Badania zrealizowano za pośrednictwem programu Iramuteq, który umożliwił przeprowadzenie analizy treści zgromadzonego materiału badawczego. Przeanalizowano 197 misji przedsiębiorstw działających na terenie Polski. Wyniki badań wykazały, że niespełna połowa przedsiębiorstw przemysłu chemicznego eksponowała deklaracjach misji wartości związane z CSR sensu stricto. Ponadto, ustalono że badane przedsiębiorstwa chemiczne (produkcyjno-handlowe) częściej akcentowały w swoich deklaracjach misji wartości CSR, niż firmy usługowe i/ lub handlowe działające w branży chemicznej.

10

Ocena oddziaływania na dziedzictwo (OOD) ICOMOS – zastosowanie w krajowej praktyce konserwatorskiej

Górski Marcin

Ochrona Dziedzictwa Kulturowego

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2021

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Nr 11

181--199

PL

Zagadnienie intensyfikacji przekształceń obiektów zabytkowych stanowi od wielu lat globalne wyzwanie w praktyce konserwatorskiej. Proces ten zauważalny jest na przestrzeni ostatnich lat także w Polsce. Adaptacja i przekształcanie zabytków jest dziś zjawiskiem powszechnym. Procesy przekształcające na skalę masową zasób dziedzictwa architektonicznego w Polsce nie idą jednak w parze z wypracowaniem narzędzi umożliwiających w praktyce konserwatorskiej określanie zasad ochrony oraz sporządzania programów i projektów zagospodarowania obiektów i zespołów zabytkowych. Taka sytuacja nie ułatwia prowadzenia skutecznej polityki konserwatorskiej w kraju. Artykuł ma na celu przybliżenie metody przeprowadzania ocen oddziaływania na dziedzictwa dla obiektów światowego dziedzictwa opracowanej w 2009 roku na międzynarodowych warsztatach zorganizowanych przez ICOMOS (metoda OOD) jako przyczynku do wykorzystania doświadczeń międzynarodowych w polskiej rzeczywistości. Od 2013 roku autor podjął szereg działań związanych z przystosowaniem metody OOD, opracowanej dla obiektów światowego dziedzictwa, do polskiej praktyki konserwatorskiej. Treść referatu stanowi zbiór doświadczeń zebranych przy opracowywaniu opinii konserwatorskich opartych na metodzie OOD.

EN

For many years the issue of intensification of transformations of historical buildings has been a global challenge in the field of conservation practice. This process has also been observed in Poland in recent years. Today the adaptation and transformation of historical buildings is a common phenomenon. However, the processes of transforming the architectural heritage in Poland on a mass scale are not accompanied by the development of tools enabling conservation practice to determine the principles of protection and preparation of programs and projects for the development of buildings and historic buildings. This situation does not facilitate effective conservation policy in the country. This article aims to introduce the method of conducting heritage impact assessments for World Heritage sites developed in 2009 at an international workshop organized by ICOMOS (the heritage impact assessment method, in Polish: "ocena oddziaływania na dziedzictwa" – OOD) as a contribution to the use of international experience in the Polish reality. Since 2013, the author has undertaken a number of activities related to the adaptation of the OOD method, developed for world heritage sites, to the Polish conservation practice. The content of the paper is a collection of experience gained in developing conservation opinions based on the OOD method.

11

Management ethical challenges in the time of crisis with regard to philosophical considerations of Józef Tischner

Kochmańska Anna, Marszałek-Kotzur Izabela

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 148

293--304

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to show the ethical challenges of a modern manager in times of crisis and how to deal with them in the context of the original concept of human respect for ethical values, developed by Józef Tischner. Design/methodology/approach: In-depth literature analysis was used in both organizational issues and philosophical texts. Findings: They showed that in the case of organization, along with literal records, the key issue is to respect human dignity and develop human self-awareness. The focus was primarily on the issue of management’s responsibility for implementing ethical behavior in the organization, and pointing to the risk of crossing the border, which leads directly to human exploitation. Social implications: The presented theses may encourage the reader for further reflection on the issue of the mechanism of human behavior and may be very helpful in creating ethical attitudes of employees, and as a consequence may have a positive impact on the functioning of modern enterprises. Originality/value: An innovative aspect of these considerations is the change in the perception of an employee as a work subject from an only economic to axiological perspective and an indication of those actions of the managerial staff that will allow employees to identify with the organization in terms of the professed value system.

12

Management by values in the work of international manager

Burkiewicz Łukasz, Knap-Stefaniuk Agnieszka

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 149

47--56

EN

Purpose: Values entered the area of management relatively recently, which explains why this issue has not been widely discussed in academic articles yet. As values are an important element in supporting the achievement of the company's vision, mission and goals – especially in a multicultural environment – the aim of the authors set for themselves was to define the role that management by values plays in the work of international managers. Design/methodology/approach: The research method adopted in the article is the analysis and synthesis of subject literature and the use of secondary research. It is a mixed method, located between empirical and theoretical methods. The article first explains the essence and meaning of values in modern management and next it describes the competences of international managers and the role values play in cross-cultural management. The final sections present management by values as a way of building employee involvement and analyse the benefits of this type of management. Findings: The authors of the article came to the conclusion that the position of managers working in a multicultural environment does not depend only on their specialist knowledge, professional qualifications, or linguistic competence. All these skills lose their importance when they are accompanied by a lack of competences necessary to successfully function in a multicultural working environment. The article discusses the key features and skills managers of multicultural teams should possess, including the ability to implement management by values. Social implications: This article indicates the key features and skills that a manager of an intercultural team should possess. Therefore, the conclusions of the study can be used in economic practice. Originality/value: The authors recommend that modern managers create a system of values that will contribute to the success of their business.

13

Contemporary European cultural values in the context of axiology of sustainable development

Kuzior Aleksandra

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

|

z. 148

351--363

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to present the issues of cultural values of modern Europe in reference to their ancient sources (Plato, Aristotle), as well as to indicate correlations between the value of European culture and the axiology of sustainable development. Design/methodology/approach: The article is based on a critical analysis of the literature on the subject. It presents in detail the issues of justice and responsibility, indicating Europe as a "community of responsibility". Justice is considered as a moral, legal and economic value, taking into account the generation and intergenerational perspective, as well as community and individual value. Responsibility, as in the case of justice, is shown in relation to the present and future generations. The subject and object of responsibility were defined and the main relational references of this moral and legal value were characterized. The article also refers to the basic documents constituting the concept of sustainable development. Findings: The analysis of the assumptions of the concept of sustainable development showed that in the concept, it can be seen that justice and responsibility are two basic values that are mutually conditioning and constitute the basis for the actual implementation of the assumptions of the concept of sustainable development, improvement of people's quality of life and ensuring security in its various dimensions. Originality/value: The article is addressed to a wide range of readers who deal with the practical implementation of the assumptions of the concept of sustainable development. The article can also provide a didactic background for teaching social subjects and humanities. There is an original approach to ethical values in the context of the assumptions of the concept of sustainable development.

14

Values and norms of behaviour in the life of cadets

Dziwanowski Kamil

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2020

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Vol. 29, No. 2

73--94

EN

The aim of this paper is to analyse the meaning, role and place of values in the life of a soldier. Furthermore, the article explores the issues of soldiers’ ethical standards and types of behaviour which can be found in the modern army. It outlines that they are strongly influenced by the local culture. As a result of everyday performance, every individual makes assessments, i.e. formulates different opinions according to a specific criterion and assigns them a significant place in the hierarchy of values. In the light of this theory, the article examines the hierarchy of values and the norms of behaviour that occur in the lives of cadets. The paper uses The Rokeach Value Survey as well as The Kruskal–Wallis test by ranks. Using these two methods, the author analyses his own questionnaires to compare the value system of Polish Air Force University students. The main findings state that cadets have a permanent system of values. Moreover, they share similar judgments concerning different behaviour. Regardless of the course year, goals and values related to their homeland and family seem to be of the greatest importance. The overall findings of the paper show a great number of similarities in the cadets’ value system. It is recommended that the future research should focus on examining students of other Polish military universities in order to check if they respond differently. The results obtained may be helpful in the process of young soldiers’ upbringings taking into consideration the moral figure among military school graduates.

15

Family as a fundamental social unit shaping security culture: Polish realities

Filipek Agnieszka Wioletta

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2020

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Vol. 30, No. 3

95--107

EN

The overall goal of the paper is to address the phenomenon of security culture. The conducted research was focused on analysing the possibilities of influencing the shaping of security culture by looking at the role of family. The study is based on a review of theories and published research about security culture and family. The aim of the paper is to answer the following research questions: What is security culture, what elements make up its structure and what role does family play in shaping it? The research methods were based on the classical theoretical methods used in security sciences and included an analysis of literature and scientific articles with the use of synthesis, abstraction and generalisation. Security culture is a category that characterises every security entity. Its structure consists of both basic and detailed elements such as: values, norms, attitudes, actions, cooperation and activity, reasonable openness, wise trust and risk. Based on the literature research, it can be stated that the basic outline of security culture is shaped during childhood and school years. It is shaped mainly in the family and in educational institutions. The research shows that the high level and appropriate nature of security culture can have a positive impact on the security of subjects and their environment, while the unfavourable form of security culture will have the opposite effect. The conducted research reveals that the role of the family in shaping security culture among children is indisputable and very significant and it should not be overestimated.

16

Drivers of green consumption behaviour and their implications for management

Anuar Marhana Muhamed, Omar Khatijah, Ahmed Zafar Uddin, Saputra Jumadil, Yaakop Azizul Yadi

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2020

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Vol. 21, No. 1

71--86

EN

This study aims to explain the influence of internal factors and external factors on green consumption behaviour. In the previous studies, the combination of both internal and external factors on a comprehensive concept of green consumption behaviour has not been explained clearly. The present study applied and extended the Theory of Reason Action and Value-Attitude-Behaviour Model to elucidate the drivers of green consumption behaviour among Malaysian consumers. The data were collected using self-administered mall-intercept survey and analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regressions. The findings demonstrated that factors such as peers influence, environmental affect and environmental knowledge significantly influence green consumption behaviour. In contrast, factors such as religiosity and brand influence do not have a significant impact on green consumption behaviour. At present, this study is one of the first studies that assesses the impact of both internal and external factors on a comprehensive concept of green consumption behaviour. In addition to that this study extends the past literature on green consumption behaviour and provides relevant information to the managers and policymakers that can assist them in their effort to enhance green consumption behaviour among Malaysians.

PL

Niniejsze badanie ma na celu wyjaśnienie wpływu czynników wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych na zachowania związane z zieloną konsumpcją. W poprzednich badaniach połączenie czynników wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych w kompleksowej koncepcji zachowań związanych z zieloną konsumpcją nie zostało wyjaśnione w jasny sposób. Niniejsze badanie zastosowało i rozszerzyło Teorię Przyczyny Działania oraz Model Wartości-Postawy-Zachowania, aby wyjaśnić czynniki wpływające na zachowania konsumpcji ekologicznej wśród malezyjskich konsumentów. Dane zebrano za pomocą samodzielnie przeprowadzonej ankiety przechwytującej centrum handlowe i przeanalizowano za pomocą statystyk opisowych i wielokrotnych regresji. Odkrycia wykazały, że takie czynniki, jak wpływ rówieśników, wpływ na środowisko i wiedza o środowisku znacząco wpływają na zachowania związane z zieloną konsumpcją. Z kolei czynniki takie jak religijność i wpływ marki nie mają znaczącego wpływu na zachowania związane z zieloną konsumpcją. Obecnie badanie to jest jednym z pierwszych badań, w których ocenia się wpływ czynników wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych na kompleksową koncepcję zachowań związanych z zieloną konsumpcją. Ponadto badanie to rozszerza dotychczasową literaturę na temat zachowań związanych z konsumpcją ekologiczną i dostarcza odpowiednich informacji menedżerom i decydentom, którzy mogą im pomóc w wysiłkach na rzecz poprawy zachowań ekologicznych wśród malezyjczyków.

17

Mission statements and values of Polish non-profit organisations

Seiler Bartosz, Bortnowska Hanna

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

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2020

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nr 4

117--146

EN

Introduction/background: Non-profit organisations are geared towards achieving public goals. They are very capable of formulating missions, the formal manifestation of which is a mission statement. A mission statement can be viewed as an element of the expression of organizational identity. An analysis of mission statements can be one way to determine a non-profit organization’s raison d'être, priorities, course of action, etc. Their axiological system may also be described on this basis. Aim of the paper: The aim of the article was to answer the following research questions: What activities do non-profit organisations expose in their mission statements? What beneficiaries do non-profit organisations indicate in their mission statements? What values do non-profit organisations profess in their mission statements, and what values are declared by their leaders? What are the motives for non-profit organisations to formulate mission statements? Materials and methods: In the study, the mission statements of 320 Polish non-profit organisations were examined. A certain limitation of the research was the purposeful selection of the sample, resulting from the fact that a significant part of Polish NPOs have no formulated missions. The text content of these mission statements was analysed using IRAMUTEQ software. To obtain additional data, as well as to enable its triangulation, supplementary questionnaire surveys were sent out to the leaders of these 320 non-profit entities. Results and conclusions: The studies allowed the authors to fill in the research gap concerning the mission statements of Polish NPOs, the goals of their formulation, as well as the values they contain. It was found that the formulation of mission statements served non-profit organisations mainly to communicate with the society. In fewer cases, it was part of the strategic management process. In the disclosed mission statements, non-profit organisations communicated their goals, forms of activity, clients and core values. Research also showed that analyses of the content of mission statements can be an important source of knowledge about non-profit organisations, including their axiological system. Literature emphasises that these organisations are value-driven, but examples of the values and their prevalence are rarely explored. To identify values professed by non-profit entities, Whitman’s (2009) catalogue was used, supplemented – as a result of the conducted research – with additional social values. The presence of economic values in mission statements and leaders' declarations was also tested, having been analysed in the context of economisation and professionalisation in the third sector. It was demonstrated that economic values are important for non-profit organisations, although they are not as strongly prioritised as social values.

18

Kultura organizacyjna w poglądzie zarządzania przedsiębiorstwem produkcyjnym

Tyszkiewicz Rafał, Tyszkiewicz Monika

Zeszyty Naukowe. Quality. Production. Improvement

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2019

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No. 1 (10)

43--51

PL

Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja znaczenia kultury organizacyjnej w przedsiębiorstwie produkcyjnym. Badania przeprowadzono korzystając z danych literaturowych oraz wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego, a jako narzędzie badawcze wykorzystano kwestionariusz ankiety, który przeprowadzono z 53 pracownikami przedsiębiorstwa produkcyjnego.

EN

The process of creating an organizational culture becomes very complicated and complex. Its nature is influenced by internal and external factors. The first can include: valued values, respected by all standards, artifacts, created organizational climate and also the prevailing management style. On the other hand, external factors include the impact of a culture characteristic of the organization's environment and the employees employed in it. Organizational culture helps to build an advantage over competitors and increases the chances of success in a company on the market

19

Implementing smart city programmes, and how the rules are perceived by the population, using the city of Rzeszów as the model

Skoczyńska-Prokopowicz Barbara

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2019

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z. 140

327--339

EN

The author analyses the possibilities of implementing a modern “Smart City” programme offer, addressed to the local community. In the introduction, she considers the condition of Polish society from a time axiological perspective; despite political changes, Poles adhere to the same values as decades ago - they do not trust state institutions. The author also defines the concept of a smart city and its principles and practical implementations based on the example of the city of Rzeszów, which is ranked high in official European rankings. Despite the lack of trust in organised forms of social functioning, the local community (citizen) is in favour of further modernisation of life, which is reflected in participation in local government elections and the level of support of the current administration of the city.

20

Ethical and legal conditions of sustainable development - the perspective of primary EU law and the case law of the court of justice of the European Union in matters of environmental protection

Syryt Aleksandra, Klimska Agnieszka

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2019

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z. 137

185--197

EN

The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) establishes in matters related to environmental protection the concept of sustainable development. The aim of the research is to recognise whether the Court refers to specific axiology when citing sustainability issues in its justifications. It should be checked if the CJEU equates the legal norm or the principle of the functioning of the European Union to sustainable development or a value having a non-normative source. By analysing selected judgments and their justifications, it will be determined whether the reference by the CJEU to sustainable development is only verbal (nominal) or if the manner of formulating arguments of the EU court proves that the authority has adopted a certain system of values to make decisions in the field of environmental protection. The analysis will be conducted from a law and ethics perspective.