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Establishing a Groundwater Quality and Quantity Monitoring System as a Prerequisite for the Determination of Protection Zones in Lipjan, Kosovo

Osmanaj Lavdim, Krasniqi Vlerë, Kusari Laura, Hajdari Venera

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 10

101--110

EN

The scarcity of groundwater monitoring in Kosovo, particularly in Lipjan, underscores the urgency to assess and safeguard this vital resource amidst escalating water demands and mounting pollution. This study addresses the critical gap in groundwater data by proposing the establishment of a comprehensive monitoring system. The primary goal was to develop a system capable of providing real-time data on groundwater quality and quantity within the capture area. Specific research objectives include the daily real-time monitoring of groundwater quality, identif ication, and quantification of contaminants in the aquifer, as a basis for further work on delineation of contaminant sources impacting the capture area, and monitoring and quantifying water extraction rates from individual wells, therefore establishing the necessary protection zones. Seven divers have been installed in 7 monitoring wells in Lipjan to measure the water level and pressure, as well as a multiparameter sensor for water quality monitoring for pH, temperature, specific conductivity, total dissolved solids, and dissolved oxygen. The digital monitoring system has been set up to input and log the incoming data. The aim was to gather this data, analyze it and use it to create a model and calibrate it to match the observed data. Concurrently, a sensitivity analysis was performed to prioritize data collection and establish which parameters have the most significant impact on the model outcomes. This ensures the establishment of a model which will, in the future, be used to predict and forecast groundwater levels and quality and determine protection zones.

2

GDDKIA XML service, road traffic incidents data: availability and quality research

Dziuba Natalia, Szombara Stanisław

Geoinformatica Polonica

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2024

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T. 23

91--99

EN

With the rapid development of technology and the increasing amount of data being processed, smart cities use real-time information processing to optimise various processes, including navigation and traffic management. In this context, spatial data on traffic incidents plays a key role, enabling drivers to bypass congestion and navigate safely and efficiently through the city. This study focuses on assessing the quality and availability of spatial data on road obstructions provided by the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways (pl.: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad, GDDKiA) in Poland. In order to analyse this data, a web application was developed to visualise the data on a map to identify problems related to the accuracy of locations and the lack of key information. During the study, it was found that many of the points that were supposed to represent the locations of road incidents were at a significant distance from the actual road axes, indicating errors in geolocalisation. To improve accuracy, additional algorithms were applied that automatically corrected the position of the points to match the nearest roads. Additionally, in cases where geographic coordinates were missing, a geocoding method based on OpenStreetMap data was used. The analysis showed that the data from the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways is partly incomplete and problematic, which limits its usefulness in further spatial analyses. In addition, the irregular updating of the data at 10-minute intervals and the low number of reported incidents further affect their quality and usefulness. Furthermore, comparison of the visualisation results with the GDDKiA road information map revealed significant discrepancies in the location of obstructions, suggesting that data sources or processing methods may differ. The results suggest the need to improve the accuracy and completeness of the spatial data provided so that it can effectively support cartographic analyses and visualisations.

PL

W obliczu dynamicznego rozwoju technologii oraz coraz większej ilości przetwarzanych danych, inteligentne miasta (smart cities) wykorzystują przetwarzanie informacji w czasie rzeczywistym do optymalizacji różnych procesów, w tym nawigacji i zarządzania ruchem drogowym. W tym kontekście dane przestrzenne dotyczące utrudnień drogowych odgrywają kluczową rolę, umożliwiając kierowcom omijanie zatorów oraz bezpieczne i efektywne poruszanie się po mieście. Niniejsze badanie koncentruje się na ocenie jakości i dostępności danych przestrzennych dotyczących utrudnień drogowych, udostępnianych przez Generalną Dyrekcję Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA) w Polsce. W celu analizy tych danych opracowano aplikację webową, która wizualizuje dane na mapie, co pozwala na identyfikację problemów związanych z dokładnością lokalizacji i brakiem kluczowych informacji. Podczas badania stwierdzono, że wiele punktów, które miały reprezentować miejsca utrudnień drogowych, znajdowało się w znacznej odległości od rzeczywistych osi dróg, co wskazuje na błędy w geolokalizacji. Aby poprawić dokładność, zastosowano dodatkowe algorytmy, które automatycznie korygowały położenie punktów, dopasowując je do najbliższych dróg. W przypadkach, gdy brakowało współrzędnych geograficznych, zastosowano metodę geokodowania opartą na danych z OpenStreetMap, umożliwiając przypisanie utrudnień do najbliższych słupków kilometrowych. Analiza wykazała, że dane z GDDKiA są częściowo niekompletne i problematyczne, co ogranicza ich użyteczność w dalszych analizach przestrzennych. Ponadto nieregularna aktualizacja danych w interwałach 10-minutowych oraz niska liczba raportowanych zdarzeń dodatkowo wpływają na ich jakość i przydatność. Ponadto porównanie wyników wizualizacji z mapą informacji drogowej GDDKiA ujawniło istotne rozbieżności w lokalizacji utrudnień, co sugeruje, że źródła danych lub metody ich przetwarzania mogą się różnić. Wyniki sugerują potrzebę poprawy dokładności i kompletności udostępnianych danych przestrzennych, aby mogły skutecznie wspierać analizy i wizualizacje kartograficzne.

3

Streaming Real-time Data in Distributed Dispatcher and Teleinformation Systems for Visualization of Multimedia Data of the Border Guard

Blok M., Czaplewski B., Kaczmarek S., Litka J., Narloch M., Sac M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2018

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Vol. 12, no. 2

217--229

EN

Surveillance of the sea borders is a very important task for the Border Guard. Monitoring of country maritime border is an important task of the Border Guard. This task can be facilitated with the use of the technology enabling gathering information from distributed sources and its supervision and visualization. This task can be accomplished using a technology that allows to collect information from distributed sensors of different types, unify the collected information, and present the synchronized data. The system presented in the paper is an extension and enhancement of the previously developed distributed map data exchange system. The added functionality allows to supplement the map data with multimedia (telephone and radio calls, video (cameras), photos, files, SMS/SDS) and presentation of current and archival situation on a multi-display screen in the Events Visualization Post. In the paper, the system architecture, functionality and main system elements are described and supported with preliminary analysis and test results.

4

Non-cryptographic methods for improving real time transmission security and integrity

Oryńczak G., Kotulski Z.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio AI, Informatica

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2011

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Vol. 11, no. 3

71--86

EN

In this paper we present a few non cryptographic methods for improving the security, integrity and reliability of real time services. The methods presented in this paper apply to real time transmitting systems, which are based on the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) model. A basic idea of the first technique is to use agents for detecting steganographic content in packet headers, so packets with suspicious entries in the IP header fields will be blocked or the fields will be erased. The two other presented techniques are based on reputation and trust systems, so trust and reputation basic definitions, types and modelling methods are shown. Also a simple design scheme of using these mechanisms in a P2P real-time data transmitting infrastructure is presented. Additionally, we describe an idea of path selecting technique, which can be used to avoid paths that are susceptible to eavesdropping.