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1

The adsorption and kinetics studies of nitrate ions from bioethanol wastewater by ammonium-based ion exchange polymer

Rahayu Aster, Hakika Dhias Cahya, Amrillah Nafira Alfi Zaini, Sisca Vivi, Veranica, Chusna Firda Mahira Alfiata, Anggresani Lia, Lim Lee Wah

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2025

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Vol. 26, iss. 3

54--69

EN

Bioethanol wastewater contains complex inorganic and organic ions, posing a severe environmental problem. In this research, the removal of nitrate ion (NO3) from bioethanol wastewater was conducted using ammonium polymers as adsorbents. Ammonium polymer was synthesized using the one-pot approach method using functional monomer with single thermal. This study aimed to analyze the performance of an ammonium polymer for removing nitrate ions (NO3-) from bioethanol waste, considering operational parameters (polymer mass, temperature, and contact time) by advanced characterization technique and determine the isotherm model for predicting adsorption behavior. The results of FTIR revealed significant functional groups, including N-H and C-N. SEM-EDX confirmed the effectiveness of adsorption by identifying each component, and elemental analysis confirmed the percentages of C, H, and N in the adsorbent. The optimal conditions for the adsorption process were achieved when 0.1 g of ammonium polymer was in contact with bioethanol wastewater for 60 minutes at 40 °C with a removal efficiency of 96.32% and an adsorption capacity of 0.58 mg/g. The adsorption isotherm analysis followed the Temkin model.

2

Structural and surface characterization of adsorbents applied in liquid chromatography

Lech-Przywara Regina, Galek Tomasz, Przywara Mateusz, Zapała Lidia, Zapała Wojciech

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 9

292--309

EN

A detailed analysis of the four commercial stationary phases often applied in liquid chromatography was performed using the following: SEM-EDS techniques and specific surface area and porosity analysis methods (multipoint BET, BJH, DH and DFT). The SEM-EDS results confirmed that the main component of all adsorbents examined is silica (SiO₂), while differences in oxygen content indicate varied approaches to surface modification, ranging from the strongly hydrophilic phase of TSK Gel Amide-80 to the hydrophobic Nucleodur C18 Gravity. Besides, the presence of trace amounts of metals may influence the additional analyte-adsorbent interaction of different nature. A comparison of specific adsorbent surface area data obtained using the multipoint BET method with the manufacturers values revealed significant discrepancies in the cases of TSK Gel Amide 80 and Nucleodur C18 Gravity, which may be the result of differences in pore accessibility and measurement methods. However, the Eurospher II 100-5 HILIC and Purospher STAR NH₂ phases showed good agreement with the manufacturers data. The porous structure of the phase studied shows significant differences: TSK Gel Amide 80 is characterized by mesopores with a uniform distribution, which favor the retention of larger molecules; Eurospher II 100-5 HILIC is microporous and selective for small, polar analytes; Nucleodur C18 Gravity has a structure typical of reversed phase materials; and Purospher STAR NH₂ exhibits the highest porosity, which favors the retention of large molecules, although it can also lead to the retention of undesirable analytes.

3

Removal of Divalent Copper Ions from Aqueous Solution using Sorghum bicolor L. Stem Waste as an Effective Adsorbent

Annisa Rika Wahyuni Rusti, Fahruddin Fahruddin, Taba Paulina

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 5

165--174

EN

Sorghum stem (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a plant that has not been maximally utilized. But sorghum stems contain high cellulose. The hydroxyl (OH-) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups on cellulose can bind heavy metals; therefore, sorghum stems have the opportunity to be used as an adsorbent to absorb heavy metals, especially Cu(II) metal, which can pollute the environment. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the optimum pH, contact time, and the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) using HNO3 modified sorghum stem adsorbent. The stages of the research included the preparation of sorghum stem adsorbent, modification of adsorbent with HNO3 , determination of optimum pH, optimum contact time and adsorption capacity of Cu(II) metal. Furthermore, the functional groups of the adsorbent before and after modification were determined by FTIR. SEM-EDS to assess the morphological structure and chemical components contained in the adsorbent. After the research, the optimum pH of Cu(II) metal adsorption was pH 6, and the adsorption power was 99.88%. The optimum contact time is 10 minutes. The percent removal of Cu(II) metal with concentrations of 10, 30, 50, and 100 ppm were 79.96; 79.90; 56.40 and 54.04%, respectively. Adsorption of Cu(II) metal using HNO3 modified sorghum stem adsorbent followed the Freundlich isotherm pattern compared to Langmuir with R2=0.9039. It is concluded that activated sorghum stem can be used as Cu(II) metal adsorbent.

4

Fluoride Adsorption by Coffee-Ground Biochar Functionalized with Hydrogen Peroxide

Santos Hellem Victória Ribeiro dos, Cuba Renata Medici Frayne, Scalize Paulo Sérgio, Teran Francisco Javier Cuba

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 12

244--260

EN

Groundwater contains high levels of dissolved ions, which pose health risks when consumed. This study proposes biochar production for fluoride (F-) removal from aqueous solutions using sustainable materials and functionalization processes.Biochar derived from coffee grounds carbonization at 500 °C was functionalized with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Structural morphology analysis utilized SEM+EDS, BET, and BJH techniques, while XRD and FTIR analyses assessed surface chemistry. Effects of pH, dosage, and initial F- concentration on adsorption were evaluated, along with kinetics and thermodynamics.H2O2 increased acid functional groups on the surface without significantly altering surface area or pore volume. The highest adsorption capacity (0.179 mg g-1) and removal efficiency (25.5%) were at pH = 4. Kinetic studies highlighted the influence of initial F- concentration on adsorption equilibrium time and capacity. Experimental data fitting to pseudo-second-order and Elovich models suggested chemical mechanisms predominance, with intraparticle diffusion as the rate-limiting step. Adsorption isotherm fitting to Langmuir and Freundlich models indicated physical and chemical processes combination. The highest adsorption capacity was recorded at 1.46 mg g-1 at 55 °C. Thermodynamic analysis revealed endothermic and nonspontaneous nature, potentially affecting F- affinity towards the adsorbent.

5

Efficient Removal of As(III) and As(V) from Contaminated Water Using Novel Synthesized Porous Geopolymer

Qadeer Abdul, Qureshi Khadija, Aziz Shaheen, Nazir Imran

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 10

209--223

EN

Millions of people all over the globe are highly affected by arsenic toxicity. The aim of current study was to synthesis of porous geopolymer for effective arsenic As(III) and As (V) sequestration from aqueous solution. In addition to that morphological and chemical analysis of adsorbent was conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and fourier transform infrared radiations (FTIR) and BET. FTIR results reveled the formation of Si–O–Si and Si–O–Al bonds which confirmed the construction of geopolymer. SEM images represent that adsorbent has a regular, spherical and interconnected porous structure with greater specific surface area and porosity. The best removal efficiency of As(III) was 62% at optimized operating conditions of pH 5–6, adsorbent dose 1 gm and initial concentration of pollutant 50 ppb, however As(V) removal efficiency was 94% at optimized operating conditions of pH 7–9, adsorbent dose 1 gm and initial concentration of pollutant 50 ppb. The experimental results was validated by renowned Freundlich adsorption isotherm model and peuso second order kinetic model. The correlation coefficient R2 value obtained was 0.968 and 0.949 for As(III) and As(V) Freundlich model respectively. While R2 was 0.98 and 0.99 for pseudo second order kinetic model. It was determined from R2 that experimental results fitted well to Freundlich adsoprtion isotherm model and pseudo second order kinetic model. The results shows that adsorption capacity for As(III) and As(v) is greater than adsorption capacity obtained by other researchers using various adsorbents.

6

Hydrogen Peroxide Modification Enhances the Ability of Metakaolin based Alkali Activated Materials Adsorbent to Remove the Ni2+ Ions

Ibrahim Masdiyana, Ibrahim Wan Mastura Wan, Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri, Sauffi Ahmad Syauqi, Ahmad Romisuhani

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2024

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Vol. 69, iss. 4

1425--1430

EN

The presence of nickel ions in wastewater is a significant environmental concern due to its toxicity, which can cause severe health problems. Metakaolin is a pozzolanic material that can be activated by alkali to produce a highly porous and reactive material that can be utilised as a heavy metal ion adsorbent. However, the adsorption capacity of metakaolin-based adsorbents is limited by their surface chemistry and porosity. Metakaolin-based alkali-activated materials adsorbent modified with hydrogen peroxide can effectively remove nickel ions from wastewater. The modification process increases the surface area and porosity of the adsorbent, enhancing its adsorption capacity. The modified adsorbent (1.00 wt.% H2O2) showed a higher sorption capacity of 26.57 mg/g and efficiency of 85.22% compared to the non-modified adsorbent (10.55 mg/g) sorption capacity and 45.63% nickel removal efficiency, indicating the potential of hydrogen peroxide-modified adsorbents as an economical and ecologically sustainable solution for environmental applications, particularly for metal immobilization.

7

A Comparative Review on Low-Cost Adsorbent based Alkali-Activated Materials by Adsorption Study

Kamarzaman Fatin Farhana, Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri, Rozainy M.R., Ahmad Romisuhani, Ibrahim Wan Mastura Wan, Omar Mohd Firdaus, Ghazali Che Mohd Ruzaidi, Ibrahim W. M. A. W.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2024

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Vol. 69, iss. 4

1385--1394

EN

The degradation of the condition of wastewater is becoming more and more serious due to the endless development. One of the main reasons is heavy metal contamination, which causes significant harm to the climate and humanity, such as bad health consequences, environmental degradation, and air pollution. Adsorption, which uses proven adsorbents such as activated carbon, is one of the most common methods for heavy metal removal in wastewater. However, since activated carbon is very expensive to build and repair due to complex production, most people choose another material to overcome this problem. Researchers have recently focused on finding low-cost adsorbents, which are typically industrial, agricultural and food wastes that can generate in large quantities. However, Alkali-Activated Materials (AAMs) have been recognized as a novel possible adsorbent because they are cheap, made from solid aluminosilicate and extremely alkaline activator solution, making them appropriate for usage in the civil engineering specialty. Moreover, they have become an option for various applications due to their unique geopolymer structure, which is highly mechanically, chemically and thermally stable. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) can be extremely useful in this application, as it is a promising biomaterial that has great potential for a low-cost AAMs adsorbent. The purpose of this study is to analyze the present development of a potential economic alternative adsorbent, particularly based on alkali-activated materials (known as geopolymers), for the elimination of heavy metal pollutants in wastewater using adsorption techniques.

8

Adsorption of nitrate and phosphate ions using ZnCl2-activated biochars from phytoremediation biomasses

Sefatlhi Katlarelo Lenny, Ultra Venecio U, Stephen Majoni, Oleszek Sylwia, Manyiwa Trust

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2024

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Vol. 50, no. 3

65--83

EN

Mishandling and disposal of post-harvested phytoremediation biomass results in secondary pollution. Biochar production is one of the available technologies for processing post-harvested phytoremediation biomasses. The main objective of this study was to assess the potential adsorption of PO43- and NO3- ions from a binary solution by ZnCl2-activated phytoremediation biochars. The biochars were activated using ZnCl2 and analyzed for specific surface area, pore size, volume, surface morphology, point of zero charges (pHpzc), surface functional groups, and elemental composition. Subsequently, the adsorption potential for PO43- and NO3- ions of the activated biochar was investigated. Activation of phytoremediation biochars led to the development of new micropores and increased specific surface area range from 1.62-4.72 m2 g-1 to 4.75- 55.50 m2 g-1. ZnCl2 activation reduced the pHpzc values of Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus, and Chrysopogon zizanioides biochars (BCL2, BCC2, and BCV2) from 9.75, 9.50, 9.62 to 5.72, 5.51, and 6.23, respectively. Activated Chrysopogon zizanioides biochar (ACBCV2), activated Cymbopogon nardus biochar (ACBCC2) and activated Cymbopogon citratus biochar (ACBCL2) showed maximum potential phosphate ion adsorption capacities of 115.70, 101.74, and 270.59 mg g-1, respectively. ACBCL2, ACBCC2, and ACBCV2 indicated maximum potential nitrate ion adsorption capacities of 155.78, 99.42, and 117.71 mg g-1. BCC2, BCL2, ACBCV1, ACBCV2, and ACBCC2 best fitted the Langmuir linear form 1 model during NO3- adsorption. The results obtained in this study showed that ZnCl2-activated phytoremediation biochars have the potential to remove PO43- and NO3- ions from PO43- and NO3- ions binary solution.

9

Development o the Design of an Experimental Adsorber and Optimization of its Gas-Dynamic Parameters

Mykhailiuk Vasyl, Dzienniak Damian, Kryzhanivskyy Yevstakhiy, Deineha Ruslan, Stetsiuk Roman, Uhryński Andrzej, Rokita Tomasz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 6

177--188

EN

Various technologies and equipment are used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. For example, the method of adsorption is used to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from the smoke emissions of cement industries. In the adsorption process using zeolites, devices such as adsorbers are typically employed. Zeolites, a versatile group of aluminosilicate materials, are known for their high surface area and selective adsorption properties, making them effective for CO2 capture. The effectiveness of the adsorber depends on many factors, including its geometric dimensions and shape. Adsorbers with a central inlet flow have uneven gas distribution at the entrance to the adsorbent layer, which reduces their operational efficiency. To eliminate this disadvantage, various devices installed at the output of the adsorber inlet are usually used. Analysis of such devices shows that they do not provide maximum adsorption efficiency. To study the efficiency of zeolite operation for capturing carbon dioxide contained in the smoke gases of cement industries, the design of a laboratory adsorber is proposed featuring a cyclone and distribution device in its lower part. The cyclone prevents the adsorbent from being contaminated by drip fluid, which reduces the efficiency of the adsorption process in the gas, and the distribution device reduces the uniformity of gas distribution at the entrance to the adsorbent layer. This paper proposes a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and design of the distribution device, which was analyzed and modified to significantly increase the uniform distribution of gas at the entrance to the adsorbent layer. Compared with other designs of distribution devices, the proposed design is simpler and performs better under varying gas flow rates.

10

Badanie adsorpcji jonów miedzi(II) na materiałach grafenowych

Tian Weihua

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2023

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T. 102, nr 6

566--571

PL

Przygotowano gąbkę grafenową (RGO) i magnetyczne cząstki grafenowe (MGO) i materiały te wykorzystano do usuwania jonów Cu²⁺ z ich roztworów wodnych. Porównano wpływ pH, czasu adsorpcji i dawki adsorbentu na efektywność adsorpcji Cu²⁺ na RGO i MGO. Przy pH 5, początkowym stężeniu Cu²⁺ 10 mg/L i stężeniu adsorbentu 0,6 g/L, adsorpcja była najbardziej efektywna. Stopień usuwania Cu²⁺ przez RGO (99,5%) był wyższy niż przez MGO (94,1%), co było spowodowane nakładaniem się warstw grafenu w MGO i wzrostem oporu dyfuzji jonów w późniejszym etapie adsorpcji. Materiały grafenowe poddano recyklingowi. Po 6 cyklach adsorpcji-desorpcji wydajność usuwania Cu²⁺ wynosiła nadal 92%.

EN

Graphene sponge (RGO) and graphene magnetic particles (MGO) were successfully prepd. and used for removal of Cu²⁺ ions from their aq. solns. The effects of pH value, adsorption time and adsorbent dose on the adsorption efficiency of Cu²⁺ on RGO and MGO were compared. At pH 5, the initial Cu²⁺ concn. 10 mg/L, and the adsorbent concn. 0.6 g/L, the adsorption was most efficient. The removal rate of Cu²⁺ by RGO (99.5%) was higher than that of MGO (94.1%), because of overlapping the graphene layers in MGO and an increase in ion diffusion resistance in the later stage. The graphene materials were recycled. After 6 cycles of adsorption, the removal rate was still 92%.

11

The Needles of Aleppo Pine From the Province of Taza-Morocco – A Biomaterial of Great Potential

Mahmoud Rachid, Hjouji Kaoutar, Mehdaoui Imane, Saoudi Hassani El Mokhtar, Ben Abbou Mohamed, Majbar Zineb, Taleb Mustapha, Rais Zakia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 1

41--50

EN

The needles of the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) (PA) are very abundant in the forest of the National Park of Tazekka (Ta-za-Morocco) and are unexploitable. Moreover, they constitute a potential danger because they facilitate the outbreak of wildfires. To solve this problem, we have considered turning these needles into a biomaterial that could be used as raw material for different uses, such as wastewater treatment. The biomaterial of the Aleppo pine is obtained from its needles which are harvested in spring, dried, cut, crushed, and sieved. The powder obtained is analyzed before and after the extraction of essential oil. The physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses show that this biomaterial is porous, hygroscopic, slightly acidic, moderately moist, and not very conducive. Its average density in the anhydrous state is 0.6. It is rich in carbon (79.91%) and oxygen (18.91%) in the form of aromatic compounds and ketone imprints; thus, relating the presence of cellulose, pectin, lignin, and hemicellulose. Its composition in mineral elements (Na, Mg, Ca, K, Cl, S) is deficient. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the oils extracted from the needle powder relates that it is a complex mixture of bioactive compounds such as mono-terpenoid α and β-pinene hydrocarbons. These results show that our biomaterial can be used as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment and the extracted essential oils can be used in the pharmacological, agro-food field.

12

Pulp and Paper Wastewater Treatment with Bottom Ash Using Jar Test

Pisceselia Dian F., Arita Susila, Agustina Tuty Emilia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 1

188--194

EN

The wastewater generated from pulp and paper production still contains pollutants and contaminants, so appropriate and economical materials are needed to reduce pollutants by using adsorbents from bottom ash. This study examined the characteristics of bottom ash and pulp and paper wastewater, the effect of stirring time, stirring speed, and adsorbent activation temperature on decreasing the environmental parameters of wastewater. The synthesis of bottom ash as an adsorbent was carried out by heating at 100 and 200 °C for 1 hour. The wastewater treatment process with maximum yield occurs at a stirring speed of 100 rpm for 50 min. The use of bottom ash without heating as an adsorbent in the pulp and paper wastewater treatment process has reduced TSS 77.5%, COD 85.72%, chloride 26.9%, TDS 1143 ppm, and EC 2180 s/cm, which have met the environmental quality standards.

13

Magnetosorption Purification of Water from Petroleum Products

Vozniuk Marta, Shabliy Tetyana, Gomelya Mykola, Sirenko Ludmila, Sidorov Dmytro

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 11

155--162

EN

In this work, the processes of purification of oily waters using magnetites were investigated: magnetite synthesized according to the classical method and magnetites modified with hydrophobizing agents (sulfonol or alkylimidazolin). It was shown that magnetite modified with alkylimidazolin in doses of 50–200 mg/dm3 provides a high degree of oil removal from waters of various mineralization. The degree of water purification reaches 97.5–99.8%. Sulfonol-modified magnetite shows greater efficiency than conventional magnetite only at high concentrations (200 mg/dm3) and only in fresh water. Three hours is enough to ensure the maximum degree of purification of water-oil solutions. Changing the amount of hydrophobizing agent (alkylimidazolin) during the synthesis of magnetite reduces the effect of pH on the purification of both fresh and mineralized waters.

14

Adsorbent Characterization from Cocoa Shell Pyrolysis (Theobroma cacao L) and its Application in Mercury Ion Reduction

Nursiah Cut, Desvita Hera, Elviani Elviani, Farida Nurlia, Muslim Abrar, Rosnelly Cut Meurah, Mariana Mariana, Suhendrayatna Suhendrayatna

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 6

366--375

EN

In this paper, we describe the characterization and application of adsorbent derived from the pyrolysis of cocoa shells, which is a natural source of adsorbent materials. The adsorbent that was used in this experiment is an environmentally friendly adsorbent that was prepared by the pyrolysis of cocoa shells. For 1.5 hours, the pyrolysis process was carried out at temperatures ranging from 300 to 380 °C. The adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and analysis with an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzer. Water-ash content and iodine absorption capacity were also determined in accordance with SNI 06-3730-1995. At a contact time of 90 minutes, the adsorption capacity of mercury ions was found to be 0.106 mg/gram. In this study, the adsorption of mercury ions with the adsorbent followed pseudo-second-order models with an R2 value of 0.9929.

15

Fixed Bed System Packed with Porous Materials for Removal of Organic Dye from Wastewater

Cho Young-Sang, Sung Sohyeon

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2023

|

Vol. 68, iss. 1

51--56

EN

Fixed beds were adopted for removal of organic dye from water by photocatalytic decomposition or adsorption. To this end, macroporous titania or silica micro-particles were synthesized from emulsions as micro-reactors and packed in the bed. During feeding aqueous methylene blue solution, UV light was irradiated for generation of active radicals for removal of dye by photocatalytic decomposition. Porous silica particles were also used as adsorbents in the bed for continuous adsorption of organic dye. For regeneration of the porous titania or silica particles, rinsing with fresh water was carried out before repeated cycles.

16

From waste to treat waste : exploitation of marble dust as a harmful pollutant to a green adsorbent for dyes and heavy metals from industrial wastewater

Attia H.A., Farghaly Mohamed G., Saleh A.M., Abdel Khalek M.A.

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

|

Vol. 58, iss. 6

art. no. 154007

EN

The marble dust as a harmful industrial waste of marble fabrication was evaluated as aneconomical and efficient green adsorbent for Acid Red-1 dye and lead ions. The XRD, XRF, particle size, surface area and zeta-potential measurements were used to characterize the marble dust. The removal efficiency was optimized by studying several parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dose and initial concentration. The optimum removal was achieved at pH 6, 20°C after 60 min in the presence of 2.5g/L marble dust. The rates of adsorption were found to follow the pseudo-second-order model. The results showed better fitting to Freundlich isotherm. The thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process is spontaneous, exothermic and favorable at low temperature. The free energy (∆G°), enthalpy (∆H°), and entropy (∆S°) changes were calculated to predict the nature of adsorption.The removal efficiency was improved by calcination of the marble at 700°C. Application for textilewastewater showed high removal efficiency up to 99.9%of inorganic and organic pollutants. The product of treatment was used in the concrete and bricks manufactured, so there is nogeneration of second-order pollutants.

17

Chrome(VI) ion biosorption modelling in a fixed bed column on Dioscorea rotundata hull

Villabona-Ortíz Ángel, Tejada-Tovar Candelaria, Ortega-Toro Rodrigo, Peña-Romero Keily, Botello-Urbiñez Ciro

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

|

no. 53

202--209

EN

This work aimed to evaluate the yam peel in a bed column packaged as a chromium(VI) ion adsorbent in an aqueous solution. Yam peel was used as adsorbent, prior washing, drying, size reduction, and selection. The experimental work consisted in determining the effect of bed depth, particle size, and temperature, keeping inlet flow = 0.75 cm3∙s-1, pH = 2 and initial concentration of 100 mg∙dm-3. The Adsorption Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis on yam (Dioscorea rotundata) peel showed a heterogeneous, porous structure, with functional groups characteristic in lignocellulosic materials. It was analysed regarding the influence of temperature, bed height, and adsorbent particle size on the removal efficiency; it was found that the decrease of particle size and the increase of the bed height favour the elimination of the metallic ion, with removal rates between 92.4 and 98.3%. The bed maximum adsorption capacity was 61.75 mg∙g-1, and break time of 360 min. The break curve’s adjustment to the Thomas, Yoon-Nelson, Dose-Response and Adams-Bohart models was evaluated, concluding that the Yoon-Nelson and Dose-Response models best described the behaviour of the break curve with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.95 and 0.96, respectively. The results show that the bio-adsorbent studied can be used to eliminate Cr(VI) in a continuous system.

18

Preparation of Environmentally Friendly Adsorbent Using Oil Palm Boiler Ash, Bentonite and Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposite Materials

Bukit Nurdin, Ginting Eva Marlina, Frida Erna, Bukit Bunga Fisikanta

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 12

75--82

EN

Using the products derived from agricultural wastes as low-cost adsorbent materials to remove organic or inorganic contaminants would be ideal, as these materials are readily available in many countries. This study aimed to prepare environmentally friendly adsorbents made from nanocomposite OPBA / Bentonite / TiO2. The coprecipitation method was used in preparing OPBA, and CTAB surfactant was added in bentonite preparation. Meanwhile, the manufacture of TiO2 was carried out using the sol-gel method. Characterization was done by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and BET. The adsorbent spectra did not show a significant shift in absorption where the O-H bonds were becoming weaker due to the presence of TiO2 in the interlayer of bentonite. Another possibility is due to the influence of calcination and heating. The O-H groups of H2O are hydroxylated and dehydrated from within between layers. The formation of the composite OPBA/TiO2/Bentonite does not change the crystallinity of TiO2 significantly. This proves that there is no decrease in photocatalyst activity after the addition of OPBA and bentonite. The morphology of the whole sample has a flake-like structure that has pores. The addition of OPBA into Bentonite/TiO2 causes a decrease in the specific surface area of the sample.

19

Characterization of Spent Bleaching Earth as an Adsorbent Material for Dye Removal

Yulikasari Andriyan, Nurhayati Ervin, Utama Widya, Warmadewanthi Idaa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 4

96--104

EN

Initial research has been carried out to determine the potential of SBE as an adsorbent material through chemical and surface area characterization. Several analyses were performed, including oil content, BET, SEM-EDS, XRD, FTIR, and adsorption capacity. The oil content of the SBE samples were 0.05–0.09%, well below the standard (3%) of hazardous material classification according to the Indonesian government regulation. The chemical composition of SBE, measured by EDS, was dominated by Si and Al elements. XRD analysis revealed two 2-theta diffraction peaks indicated the presence of crystalline SiO2 and Al2O3 phases. Additionally, the results of the FTIR test also showed the dominance of Si-O and Al-O-H functional groups. The SBE morphology, as observed in SEM image, exhibited irregular shape and porous surface covered by impurities. These results supported by the BET data which showed SBE surface area of 10.86 m2g-1 and a mesopore volume of 2.49 cm3 (STP)g-1. Batch adsorption study conducted using low and high range concentration of methylene blue produced a maximum adsorption capacity of 7.993 mg/g and 40.485 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption isotherm analysis showed that the adsorption mechanism was in accordance with the Langmuir isotherm model. Considering its chemical characteristic, SBE has met the criteria for adsorbent material. Nevertheless, the small surface area requires SBE to be activated prior to use.

20

Wpływ modyfikacji bentonitu na jego właściwości adsorpcyjne

Kwaśny Justyna, Balcerzak Wojciech, Kryłów Małgorzata, Wassilkowska Anna, Ruggiero-Mikołajczyk Małgorzata

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2020

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T. 99, nr 9

1335--1338

PL

Przeprowadzono kwaśną aktywację bentonitu za pomocą kwasu solnego, uzyskując wzrost powierzchni właściwej BET adsorbentu o 228 p.p. Zmianie uległy również inne parametry powierzchniowe, takie jak średnica i objętość porów, a także powierzchnia i objętość mikroporów. Impregnacja bentonitu nanometrycznym tlenkiem cyrkonu(IV) nie przyniosła zamierzonych efektów i przyczyniła się do pogorszenia właściwości adsorpcyjnych bentonitu. Efektywność adsorpcji określano, przeprowadzając testy adsorpcji siarkowodoru w warunkach beztlenowych. Skuteczność impregnacji bentonitu oceniano na podstawie obrazów powierzchni adsorbentów, wykonanych za pomocą skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego (SEM).

EN

Com. bentonite was activated with HCl soln. to increase its sp. surface area by 228 percentage points (p.p.). Changes of diam., pore volume, as well as area and volume of micropores were also obsd. The impregnation of bentonite with nanometric ZrO₂ resulted in deterioration of the adsorption capacity of bentonite. The bentonite adsorbents were used for removal of H₂S from biogas under anaerobic conditions. The ZrO₂ modified bentonite was less efficient than the HCl-activated one, where 99% removal H₂S from N₂ stream was achieved.