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1

Rozkład przestrzenny związków żelaza i manganu w osadach dennych Jeziora Goczałkowickiego

Czaplicka A., Ślusarczyk Z., Bazan S., Szarek-Gwiazda E.

Ochrona Środowiska

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2017

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Vol. 39, nr 3

47--54

EN

Analysis of the bottom sediment composition in the shallow, polimictic Goczalkowice dam reservoir demonstrated that the amounts of Mn and Fe compounds determined did to a small extent only exceed the level of their geochemical background. Spatial distribution of iron and manganese content in the Goczalkowice dam reservoir was developed on the basis of the bottom sediment composition studies for the reservoir. There is an evidence of both natural and anthropogenic origin of the two elements. Correlations between their presence and the content of granulometric bottom sediment fractions, organic matter amount, depth of the measuring points as well as concentration of other trace elements (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the sediments were developed. Statistical testing allowed for identification of varying statistical strength between the content of Fe and Mn and fi ne bottom sediment fractions. Three groups of measuring points identified in the dam reservoir substantially differed from each other by Fe and Mn bottom sediment content. In addition, differentiation in their concentration along longitudinal transects of the dam reservoir was demonstrated.

PL

Przeprowadzone badania składu osadów dennych w płytkim, polimiktycznym Jeziorze Goczałkowickim wykazały, że oznaczone ilości związków żelaza i manganu tylko w niewielkim stopniu przekraczały poziom ich tła geochemicznego. Na podstawie badań składu osadów dennych Jeziora Goczałkowickiego opracowano rozkład przestrzenny zawartości związków żelaza i manganu w czaszy zbiornika. Stwierdzono zarówno naturalne, jak i antropogeniczne pochodzenie obu tych pierwiastków. Opracowano współzależności między ich obecnością a zawartością frakcji granulometrycznych osadów, ilością związków organicznych, głębokością punktów pomiarowych, a także zawartością innych metali śladowych (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) w osadach. Za pomocą testów statystycznych wskazano na różną siłę statystyczną współzależności między zawartością żelaza i manganu a zawartością drobnych frakcji osadów dennych. Wydzielono trzy grupy punktów pomiarowych w zbiorniku zaporowym, istotnie różniących się między sobą zawartością związków żelaza i manganu w osadach dennych. Wykazano także zróżnicowanie zawartości tych metali w osadach wzdłuż podłużnych transektów zbiornika zaporowego.

2

Factors influencing the accumulation of Pb in sediments of deep and shallow dam reservoirs

Czaplicka A., Szarek-Gwiazda E., Ślusarczyk Z.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2017

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Vol. 46, No. 2

174--185

EN

The study determines the differences in Pb accumulation in sediments of dam reservoirs with respect to locations of the old river beds and their depth (deep Czorsztyn Reservoir and shallow Goczałkowice Reservoir in southern Poland). Parameters (grain size, organic matter content and reservoir depth) that may influence the spatial distribution of Pb concentrations in the sediments were analyzed. Based on the hierarchical cluster analysis, sediment samples from the reservoirs were ranked with respect to particle size distribution. We found differences in the spatial distribution of grain size and organic matter in the studied reservoirs, caused mostly by the topography of these reservoirs. The spatial distribution of Pb concentrations in the sediments of the Czorsztyn Reservoir (range 4.8-35.8 μg g-1) and the Goczałkowice Reservoir (range 11.3-59.4 μg g-1), regardless of their average depth and their type (dimictic, polymictic), depends on the distribution of silty clay and clay fractions, organic matter and reservoir depth. Therefore, Pb spatial distribution was more regular in the Czorsztyn Reservoir than in the Goczałkowice Reservoir. Locations of the old river beds had a significant impact on the Pb distribution in the sediments of both reservoirs.

3

Variability of heavy metal concentrations in waters of fishponds affected by the former lead and zinc mine in Southern Poland

Szarek-Gwiazda E., Ciszewski D.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 43, nr 1

121--136

EN

The fluctuations of heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Zn, Mn and Fe) concentrations and physicochemical parameters of water were studied for five fishponds located in the Matylda catchment affected by the former Pb and Zn ore mine in the Upper Silesian Industrial Region, southern Poland. Generally, metal concentrations in dissolved phase in pond water were low for most of the year, but their drastic increases were periodically observed (up to Cd 5.8, Pb 147.3, Zn 800.3, Mn 987.8, and Fe 2532.8 μg·dm–3). The factors determining metal concentrations in the pond water have been discussed.

4

Spatial distribution of manganese and iron in sediments of the Czorsztyn Reservoir

Czaplicka A., Bazan S., Szarek-Gwiazda E., Ślusarczyk Z.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 42, nr 4

179--188

EN

Concentrations of iron and manganese were investigated in 26 sediment samples from the Czorsztyn Reservoir (South Poland). Spatial distribution of these metals in the reservoir is generally linked to the grain size distribution of sediments. The presence of manganese and iron in sediments is mainly related to the rock weathering and soil erosion processes. Furthermore, enrichment of waters in manganese and iron follows as a result of the Dunajec River flowing through the Orawsko-Nowotarska Valley, where peat bogs are present. However, anthropogenic influence on manganese and iron concentration levels in sediments cannot be excluded in this area.

5

Potential effect of pH on the leaching of heavy metals from sediments of the Carpathian dam reservoirs

Szarek-Gwiazda E.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2014

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Vol. 40, no. 4

349--358

EN

Eutrophication processes occurring in the Carpathian dam reservoirs (southern Poland) have resulted in a drastic increase of incidences of decrease of pH and oxygen content in near-bottom water, which may affect metal remobilization from the sediment. The study is aimed to determine the buffer capacity and effects of decreasing pH on the remobilization of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe) from sediments of the Dobczycki Reservoir (DR), the Czorsztyński Reservoir (CR), and the Rożnowski Reservoir (RR), the right side tributary of the Vistula River. Buffering capacity and the leaching of heavy metals from sediments accompanied with an increase in acidity were analyzed in 0.00-0.24 M HNO3 solutions. Studied sediments had a high buffer capacity. Buffer capacity of sediments at studied sites of the DR and CR was different due to differences in the composition of sediments. The reservoir sediments had a variable ability to release heavy metals with increasing acidity. At pH ~5 and pH ~3, a considerable leaching of Mn (up to 60% and 85% of the total amount, respectively), Cd (up to 35% and 56% respectively), Pb (up to 25% and 39%), the lower leaching of Cu (up to 18% and 30%) and Zn (up to 14% and 20%), and the lowest leaching of Fe (below 5%) were found. The decrease of pH of the water-sediment system caused by eutrophication processes may affect the mobilization of certain heavy metals (mainly Mn, Cd and Pb) from sediment into the water column of the studied Carpathian reservoirs.

6

The effect of long-term contamination by heavy metals on community and genome alterations of Chironomidae (Diptera) in a stream with mine drainage water (southern Poland)

Szarek-Gwiazda E., Michailova P., Ilkova J., Kownacki A., Ciszewski D., Aleksander-Kwaterczak U.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2013

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Vol. 42, No. 4

460--469

EN

This paper reports on studies of the effect of heavy metals on the Chironomidae that inhabit the Matylda stream, which has been contaminated for about 100 years by discharge water from a zinc and lead ore mine. Stream sediment was strongly polluted by Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn. These metals did not affect the Chironomidae community but strongly changed the genome system of the Chironomidae species that inhabited the sediment. The salivary gland chromosomes of six species belonging to the two genera Chironomus and Prodiamesa are analyzed. In all species the somatic index is calculated on the basis of somatic chromosome alterations. Chironomus riparius has the highest numbers of somatic alterations and the highest somatic index — 9.67. The smallest chromosome G carries the key structures known as “Balbiani rings”, which play an important role in species development. This chromosome is very sensitive in the genome of the most studied species. The high sensitivity of the C. riparius genome is discussed in light of its DNA organization. The results show a high response of the salivary gland chromosomes to heavy metal pollution, and this makes them a valuable indicator in the assessment of water quality and detection of mutagenic agents in the aquatic environment.

7

Environmental agents in Lake Łuknajno (Poland) affecting the genome of Chironomus melanotus Keyl, 1961 (Diptera, Chironomidae) - a new species of Polish fauna

Jabłońska-Barna I., Szarek-Gwiazda E., Michailova P.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2013

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Vol. 42, No. 2

164-172

EN

Chironomus melanotus Keyl, a new species of Polish fauna, is described on the basis of cytogenetic characteristics. It belongs to the cytocomplex thummi with the chromosome set 2n = 8, chromosome arm combinations AB CD EF G and species-specific karyotype markers. Two types (somatic and inherited) of structural chromosome rearrangements in salivary gland chromosomes were identified in the species and somatic rearrangements (heterozygous inversions, deficiencies, deletions — Somatic index — 0.54) were observed for the first time in this species. In addition to those in the mosaic state, some genome alterations — trisomy and “B” chromosome, as well as larval malformations (10.27%) were detected for a first time. The malformations and somatic structural and genome aberrations may have been caused by different stress agents in the environment. Thus, we suggest that the high spectrum of somatic rearrangements observed in C. melanotus may indicate the existence of pollution (elevated Cd and Pb concentrations) in Lake Łuknajno (the study area) and perhaps trace metals and different chemicals produced by the Chara species.

8

A comparison between the water quality of the main tributaries to three submontane dam reservoirs and the sediment quality in those reservoirs

Szarek-Gwiazda E., Mazurkiewicz-Boroń G.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2010

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Vol. 39, No.3

55-63

EN

Nutrients, pH, and organic matter were determined in water samples collected from the Raba River above Dobczyce Reservoir (meso-eutrophic), from the Dunajec River above Czorsztyn Reservoir (mesotrophic), and Rożnów Reservoir (eutrophic), and in the bottom sediments of the reservoirs. The river waters were alkaline (pH 7.2–9.2). In the Raba River and Dunajec River, the ranges of nutrients and organic matter contents were similar (without significant differences) (in mg dm^-3; N-NO_3 0.5–2.5, N-NH_4 0.2–2.0, N-NO_2 0.004–0.040, N-tot 1.1–5.6, PO4 0.02–0.58, P-tot 0.03–1.9, while BOD5 1.6–9.9 mg dm-3 O2, COD 2.1–30.4 mg dm^-3 O_2). The pH of reservoir sediments was from neutral to slightly alkaline (6.9–7.6). The sediments were mineral and were characterized by a low amount of nutrients (N-tot 0.04–0.36%, P-tot 0.007–0.185%) and organic matter (expressed as LOI 3.0–10.6%, TOC 0.9–3.3%). Nutrient (except P-tot) and organic matter contents in the sediments of three reservoirs were similar (without significant differences) and did not reflect the trophic state of the reservoirs.

9

Wpływ historycznej działalności kopalni rud Zn-Pb w Chrzanowie na stan środowiska wodnego doliny Matyldy

Aleksander-Kwaterczak U., Ciszewski D., Szarek-Gwiazda E., Kwandrans J., Wilk-Woźniak E., Waloszek A.

Górnictwo i Geologia

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2010

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T. 5, z. 4

21-30

PL

Przeprowadzono standardową analizę wody oraz określono zawartości metali ciężkich w wodach, osadach i wybranych gatunkach roślin, pobranych ze stawów oraz ze strumienia Matylda w rejonie dawnej kopalni rud Zn-Pb Matylda w Chrzanowie. Mimo niemal 40 lat od zamknięcia kopalni koncentracje Zn, Cd i Pb wodzie i roślinach są wciąż bardzo wysokie, a w osadach przekraczają nawet 1000 razy wartości tła geochemicznego.

EN

Standard analyze of water and heavy metals content in waters, sediments and selected plant species were carried out in the fish ponds and the Matylda stream in proximity to former Zn-Pb ore mine Matylda in Chrzanów. Despite almost 40 years since closure of the mine, sediments, waters and plants are strongly polluted by Zn, Cd and Pb with sediment concentrations exceeding even 1000 times geochemical background.

10

Distribution of grain size and organic matter content in sediments of submontane dam reservoir

Szarek-Gwiazda E., Sadowska I.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 36, nr 1

113-124

EN

A spatial distribution of both sediments (in terms of their texture) and organic matter in the Dobczyce Reservoir (southern Poland) was studied. Texture of the sediments in a central part of the reservoir showed clay-silty character and reflected the types of soil covers in the Raba River catchment basin. Texture of the sediment was more diverse in the bank zones and reflected texture of rock and soils covering the direct basin. Organic matter content in the sediments was lower in the shallow part of the reservoir (except Wolnica Bay) compared with the deeper one. The relationships between the grain fractions, organic matter contents and reservoir depth are discussed.

11

Stan troficzny zbiorników zaporowych Górnej Wisły w oparciu o Dyrektywę Azotanową

Mazurkiewicz-Boroń G., Szarek-Gwiazda E., Jarząbek A.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2009

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Nr 9

37-39

12

Changes of physicochemical parameters and phytoplankton in water of a submountain dam reservoir - effect of late summer stormflow

Szarek-Gwiazda E., Mazurkiewicz-Boroń G., Wilk-Woźniak E.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2009

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Vol. 35, no. 4

79-90

EN

Physicochemical parameters of water and phytoplankton composition were studied in the dimictic, submountain Dobczyce Reservoir (southern Poland) affected by summer stormflow, which took place in September 2007. During summer (except September) temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and carbonates showed vertical differentiation. Stormwater flow through the system had a destabilizing effect on summer stratification. It diluted the concentrations of salts (sulphate and chloride) and slightly increased the concentration of nutrients in the reservoir. In phytoplankton some changes in the dominant species among the Cyanobacteria group were noted.

PL

Badano zmiany parametrów fizykochemicznych oraz strukturę fitoplanktonu w wodzie dimiktycznego, podgórskiego zbiornika zaporowego (Zbiornik Dobczycki, południowa Polska), przez który we wrześniu przeszła fala powodziowa. Temperatura wody, pH oraz zawartości tlenu rozpuszczonego i wodorowęglanów wykazywały znaczne zróżnicowanie w słupie wody w okresie lata. Fala wezbraniowa płynąca przez zbiornik we wrześniu zaburzyła letnią stratyfikację wykształconą w pelagialu. Spowodowała ona rozcieńczenie stężeń soli (chlorków i siarczanów) oraz niewielki wzrost zawartości azotanów i fosforu ogólnego. Porównując okres przed wezbraniem i krótko po przejściu fali powodziowej, w składzie fitoplanktonu stwierdzono zmiany w obrębie dominujących gatunków należących do sinic (Cyanobacteria).

13

Binding form of trace elements in sediment of a meromictic lake

Szarek-Gwiazda E.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2008

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Vol. 34, no. 2

35-47

EN

Speciation of trace elements in the sediment of a meromiclic Piaseczno Lake (inundated opencast sulphur mine, southern Poland) with permanently anoxic monimolimnion was studied. A 6-step sequential extraction procedure was applied to determine operationally defined phases: exchangeable (F1), carbonate (F2), easily reducible (F3), moderately reducible (F4), organic/sulphides (F5), and residual (F6) in the sediment. The differences in trace elements (except Mn) speciation in the littoral sediment with the respect of lake depths were not found. Considerable difference in the trace elements speciation between the littoral sediment and permanently anoxic profundal one was found.

PL

Badano specjację metali ciężkich w osadzie meromiktyeznego jeziora Piaseczno (zatopiona kopalnia siarki, południowa Polska) ze stale beztlenowym hypolimnionem. Wykorzystano sześciostopniową ekstrakcję sekwencyjną w celu oznaczenia operacyjnie zdefiniowanych faz: jonowymienną (Fl), węglanową (F2), łatwo redukowalną (F3), średnio redukowalną (F4), organiczno-siarczkową (F5) i pozostałą (F6). Nie stwierdzono różnic w specjacji metali ciężkich (z wyjątkiem Mn) w osadzie litoralu wraz ze zwiększającą się głębokością jeziora. Stwierdzono istotne różnice w specjacji metali ciężkich pomiędzy osadem litoralu, a stale beztlenowym osadem profundalu.

14

Trace element concentrations in fish and bottom sediments of a eutrophic dam reservoir

Szarek-Gwiazda E., Amirowicz A., Gwiazda R.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2006

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Vol. 35, No.4

331-352

EN

Total trace element concentrations and their binding forms were studied in benthic sediments and in roach (benthivore), bream (planktivore/benthivore), and pikeperch (piscivore) in the upper and lower sections of the Dobczyce Reservoir in southern Poland. The sediment was polluted to a low degree by Cd and relatively unpolluted by Pb, Zn, Mn, and Fe. According to the index of geoaccumulation (Igeo), Cd was the most mobile element in the sediment and was bioconcentrated in fish tissues to the highest degree, especially in roach, which feeds by burrowing into the sediment. The trace element distribution in fish tissues (muscle, liver, kidney, and gills), fish species, and in fish from different locations is discussed.

15

Influence of cadmium and lead partitioning in water and sediment on their deposition in the sediment of a eutrophic dam reservoir

Szarek-Gwiazda E., Mazurkiewicz-Boroń G.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2006

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Vol. 35, No.2

141-157

EN

This study was conducted in the submontane and eutrophic Dobczyce Reservoir (southern Poland). Cadmium and lead concentrations in the water and sediment were relatively low. The partitioning coefficient (Kd) indicated that dissolved Cd and Pb dominated in the water column at depths of 1 and 15 m, and that they were present in the particulate phase in near-bottom water. The relation of dissolved Cd and Pb with physical and chemical parameters of the water is discussed. Binding forms of Cd and Pb in the sediment showed that Cd was potentially a more “mobile’ element than Pb; therefore, Cd had probably accumulated in the sediment in considerably lower amounts than Pb (K=8400 and K=33000, respectively).

16

Manganese and iron accumulation in a eutrophic, submontane dam reservoir - the role of speciation

Szarek-Gwiazda E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2005

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Vol. 34, No.3

125--139

EN

The manganese and iron in the water and sediments of the submontane, eutrophic Dobczyce Dam Reservoir (southern Poland) was partitioned. Manganese and iron occurred mainly in the particulate phases in the water. In the sediments, approximately 77% of Mn was bound to exchangeable carbonate and easily reducible fractions, whereas approximately 90% of Fe was bound to moderately reducible fractions and residues. The cumulation coefficient (K) indicated that Mn, the more “mobile” element, accumulated in lower amounts in the sediments (K=7200) than did Fe (K = 51000). Element partitioning in the sediments was an important factor in determining the level of accumulation.

17

Bioaccumulation of Trace Elements in Roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.) in a Eutrophicated Submontane Reservoir

Szarek-Gwiazda E., Amirowicz A.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2003

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Vol. 10, nr 5

445-453

EN

In 40 roach of 19.9-26.0 cm total length and age from 5+ to 8+ collected in summer 1994 and 1995 from the Dobczyce Reservoir (Carpathian Mts, southern Poland) the highest concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn were found in kidney (10.0, 17.8, and 853,1 [formula] d.w., respectively), of Cu and Fe in liver (75.7 and 688.8 [formula] d.w.), and of Mn and Sr in gills (13.7 and 52.0 [formula] d.w.). In muscle and ovaries the concentrations of these elements were much lower (except for Zn). Generally, the content of metals found in the roach tissues were elevated as compared to unpolluted waters. The bioconcetration factor indicates much higher accumulation of Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu than Mn and Fe. An essential part of Cd, Cu, and Zn was probably taken with food.

PL

W 40 okazach o długości całkowitej 19,9-26,0 cm i wieku od 5+ do 8+ odłowionych latem 1994 i 1995 roku ze zbiornika Dobczyckiego (Karpaty, południowa Polska) najwyższe stężenia Cd, Pb i Zn stwierdzono w nerkach (odpowiednio 10,0; 17,8 i 853,1 [wzór] s.m.), Cu i Fe w wątrobie (75,7 i 688,8 [wzór] s.m.), Mn i Sr w skrzelach (13,7 i 52,0 [wzór] s.m.). W mięśniach i jajnikach stężenia badanych metali były najmniejsze (z wyjątkiem Zn). W większości przypadków stężenia metali w tkankach płoci były zwiększone w porównaniu do spotykanych w czystych wodach. Współczynnik biokoncentracji wskazuje na dużo większą akumulację Cd, Zn, Pb i Cu niż Mn i Fe. Znaczna część Cd, Cu i Zn była prawdopodobnie pobrana z pokarmu.

18

Heavy metal contents in stone loach Noemacheilus barbatulus (L.) (Cobitidae) living in the river above and below dam reservoir (Dobczyce reservoir, southern Poland)

Szarek-Gwiazda E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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1999

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Vol. 47, no 2

145-152

EN

The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Zn and Fe in tissues (liver, ovaries and muscle) of stone loach Noemacheilus barbatulus (L.) living in the Raba River above and below Dobczyce dam reservoir (southern Poland) was determined. The contents of the heavy metals in fish varied in the studied dates and tissues. The highest concentrations of metals were usually determined in liver and the lowest ones in muscle. The lower concentrations of Cr, Cd and Pb were stated in the stone loach from the Raba River below the reservoir, so the Dobczyce Reservoir was sink for these metals. The concentrations of Cu, Zn and Fe in the fish tissues from the Raba River above and below the reservoir had the same level.