Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The process of regeneration of the coal mills impact wheel

Wolny Ryszard

Mechanik

|

2023

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R. 96, nr 2

43--46

EN

The process of regeneration of the coal mills impact wheel being a subassembly of a 360 MW power block was presented. Criteria that qualify the impact wheel for regeneration were discussed. Machining operations, machine tools, special devices and surfacing process were characterized. In order to ensure high quality requirements cutting parameters for selected operations were optimized.

PL

Przedstawiono proces regeneracji koła udarowego młynów węglowych będących podzespołem bloku energetycznego o mocy 360 MW. Omówiono kryteria, które kwalifikują koło udarowe do przeprowadzenia regeneracji. Scharakteryzowano operacje obróbkowe, obrabiarki i przyrządy specjalne oraz proces napawania. Aby zapewnić spełnienie wysokich wymagań jakościowych, zoptymalizowano parametry skrawania dla wybranych operacji.

2

Wiarygodne prognozy kluczem do usprawnienia realizacji zamówień

Guzanek Patrycja, Sobecki Grzegorz, Bawoł Piotr, Borucka Anna

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

|

2023

|

nr 1

31--39

PL

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie różnic między ogólnodostępnym narzędziem prognozującym wykorzystywanym w planowaniu dostaw a dedykowanym, stworzonym specjalnie dla danej firmy. Autorzy na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań ukazują różnice w działalności sieci sklepów, prognozowaniu dostaw i ich wartości z użyciem dwóch różnych systemów wspomagających prognozowanie sprzedaży produktów. Przyjęto hipotezę badawczą, że wiarygodne prognozy są kluczowe w usprawnianiu realizacji zamówień i stanowią istotny czynnik wpływający na satysfakcję klienta oraz zdobywanie przewagi konkurencyjnej.

EN

The aim of the article is to indicate the difference between a publicly available forecasting indicator used in supplier planning and one created specifically for a given company. The authors based on the results of comparative research in the operation of chain stores, forecasting deliveries and their value with the use of various systems supporting the forecasting of product supply. A research hypothesis was adopted that reliable forecasts are crucial in improving order fulfillment and are an important factor influencing customer satisfaction and gaining a competitive advantage.

3

Tax law as viewed by entrepreneurs

Bagińska Izabela

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2022

|

z. 158

27--42

EN

Purpose: Due to the fact that businesses operate in a very volatile and competitive environment, the purpose of this paper is to answer the research question, which was formulated as follows: "Is the tax law conducive to doing business in Poland?". Taking into account the current state of research and the experience of the author of the paper, as a person who runs a tax law office, the following hypothesis was formulated: "Variable and complicated tax regulations make it difficult to do business in Poland". It was assumed that the main purpose of the study is to present the subjective assessment of the surveyed entrepreneurs concerning the tax environment and knowledge of tax solutions to improve the tax settlement system. Design/methodology/approach: In order to achieve the presented goal, literature studies and legal acts concerning the analyzed area were used. For the purpose of examining the Polish tax system, a survey was carried out among the Silesian entrepreneurs. Its aim was to find out the opinion of entrepreneurs on the tax environment. Research methodology - a survey questionnaire containing 9 questions was used. The survey was anonymous. The questions were addressed to company owners. The survey was conducted between March 1 and March 22, 2022. Statistical analysis was also performed. Due to the scale used in the survey questionnaire, measures of correlation - Spearman's coefficient and φ -Yule’s coefficient as well as corresponding tests of significance were selected as appropriate tools for statistical analysis. Findings: The article presents the essence of the tax system and the results of the study aimed at getting to know the opinion of entrepreneurs on the tax environment. On this basis, it was found that the tax laws are extensive and changed too often, which adversely affects running a business. This is highly unfavourable to a sense of security in business. Research limitations/implications: The verification of empirical data concerning the analyzed research problem was based on the use of available data on existing tax laws in Poland. The tax laws of the last 2 years were analyzed. Their analysis confirmed that they are frequently changed. Practical implications: The results of the study show the complexity of the tax system. Analysis of the tax laws revealed that they are frequently changed and amended. Originality/value: The presented research and conclusions will provide practical guidance on the tax changes introduced over the last 2 years. This will increase the comfort of doing business. Based on the results of the analysis of taxes applied by entrepreneurs, it is concluded that frequent changes in tax laws and their misinterpretation have a large impact on the assessment of the entire tax system.

4

Feasibility study for a fuel cell-powered unmanned aerial vehicle with a 75 kg payload

Desantes José M., Novella Ricardo, García-Cuevas Luis M., Lopez-Juarez Marcos

Transactions on Aerospace Research

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2022

|

Nr 2 (267)

13--30

EN

Among the possible electric powerplants currently driving low-payload UAVs (up to around 10 kg of payload), batteries offer certain clear benefits, but for medium-payload operation such as aerotaxis and heavy-cargo transportation UAVs, battery capacity requirements restrict their usage due to high weight and volume. In light of this situation, fuel cell (FC) systems (FCS) offer clear benefits over batteries for the medium-payload UAV segment (> 50 kg). Nevertheless, studies regarding the application of FCS powerplants to this UAV segment are limited and the in-flight performance has not been clearly analysed. In order to address this knowledge gap, a feasibility analysis of these particular applications powered by FCS is performed in this study. A validated FC stack model (40 kW of maximum power) was integrated into a balance of plant to conform an FCS. As a novelty, the management of the FCS was optimized to maximize the FCS efficiency at different altitudes up to 12500 ft, so that the operation always implies the lowest H2 consumption regardless of the altitude. In parallel, an UAV numerical model was developed based on the ATLANTE vehicle and characterized by calculating the aerodynamic coefficients through CFD simulations. Then, both models were integrated into a 0D-1D modelling platform together with an energy management strategy optimizer algorithm and a suitable propeller model. With the preliminary results obtained from the FCS and UAV models, it was possible to ascertain the range and endurance of the vehicle. As a result, it was concluded that the combination of both technologies could offer a range over 600 km and an endurance over 5 h. Finally, with the integrated UAV-FCS model, a flight profile describing a medium altitude, medium endurance mission was designed and used to analyse the viability of FC-powered UAV. The results showed how UAVs powered by FCS are viable for the considered aircraft segment, providing competitive values of specific range and endurance.

5

Optimizing the placement of BLE transmitters for Indoor Positioning Systems

Pilski Marek, Aleksandrowicz Mateusz

Studia Informatica : systems and information technology

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2022

|

Vol. 2(27)

95--107

EN

The article presents the results of experimental research related to the optimization of the placement of BLE transmitters (beacons) inside rooms in order to locate the user. The experiments were carried out to check how far BLE transmitters can be moved away from each other so that the average localization error was at a level acceptable to the user. The value of the localization error was assumed based on the literature (less than 1 m). As a result of the conducted experiments, a mathematical formula was defined to calculate the required number of BLE transmitters for the exact location inside the rooms. The experiments used BLE transmitters, rooms inside the building of Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities and a mobile application with a database. In the study of the optimization of the placement of beacons, the fingerprint technique was used.

6

Port oil terminal operation cost and system safety joint optimization

Magryta-Mut Beata

Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes

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2022

|

Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2022

143--162

EN

The model of system operation total costs in the safety state subsets is introduced and the procedure of its operation total cost in the safety state subset not worse than the critical safety state minimization is presented. The model of system safety impacted by operation process is created and the procedure of its safety in the safety state subset not worse than the critical safety state maximization is presented as well. To analyze jointly the system safety and its operation cost optimization, we propose the procedure of determining the optimal values of limit transient probabilities of the system operation process at the particular operation states that allows to find the best system safety function and other safety indicators, through applying the created system safety model and linear programming. Next, to find the system operation total costs in the safety state subsets, corresponding to this system best safety indicators, we replace the limit transient probabilities at the particular operation states, existing in the formula for the system operation total costs in the safety state subsets, by their optimal values existing in the formulae for the coordinates of the system safety function after maximization. On the other hand, to analyze jointly the system operation cost and its safety optimization, we propose the procedure of determining the optimal values of limit transient probabilities of the system operation process at the particular operation states that allows to find minimal system operation total cost in the safety state subset not worse than the critical safety state, using the created system operation cost model and linear programming. After that, to find the system conditional safety indicators, corresponding to this system minimal total operation cost in the safety state subset not worse than the critical safety state, we replace the limit transient probabilities at particular operation states, existing in the formula for the system safety function coordinates, and for remaining system conditional safety indicators by their optimal values existing in the formulae for the system minimal total cost in the safety state subset not worse than the critical safety state. The created models are applied separately and jointly to the port oil terminal. Moreover, to fulfil the obtained port oil terminal optimal safety and operation cost results the modifications of its operation process are proposed. The evaluation of results achieved is performed and the perspective for future research in the field of the complex systems, including port oil terminal, safety and their operation costs joint analysis and optimization is given.

7

Maritime transportation system safety and operation cost joint optimization

Kołowrocki Krzysztof, Magryta-Mut Beata

Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes

|

2022

|

Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2022

93--116

EN

The model of system safety impacted by operation process is created and the procedure of its safety in the safety state subsets not worse than the critical safety state maximization is proposed. The model of system operation total costs in the safety state subsets is introduced and the procedure of its operation total cost in the safety state subset not worse than the critical safety state minimization is presented. To analyze jointly the system safety and its operation cost optimization, we propose determining the optimal values of limit transient probabilities of the system operation process at the particular operation states that allows to find the best system safety function and other safety indicators, utilizing the created system safety model and linear programming. Next, to find the system operation total costs in the safety state subsets, corresponding to this system best safety indicators, we replace the limit transient probabilities at the particular operation states, existing in the formula for the system operation total costs in the safety state subsets, by their optimal values existing in the formulae for the coordinates of the system safety function after maximization. On the other hand, to analyze jointly the system operation cost and it’s safety optimization, we propose the procedure of determining the optimal values of limit transient probabilities of the system operation process at the particular operation states that allows to find minimal system operation total cost in the safety state subset not worse than the critical safety state, using the created system operation cost model and linear programming. After that, to find the system conditional safety indicators, corresponding to this system minimal total operation cost in the safety state subset not worse than the critical safety state, we replace the limit transient probabilities at particular operation states, existing in the formula for the system safety function coordinates, and for remaining system conditional safety indicators by their optimal values existing in the formulae for the system minimal total cost in the safety state subsets not worse than the critical safety state. The created models are applied separately and jointly to the maritime transportation system. Moreover, to fulfil the obtained maritime transportation system optimal safety and operation cost results the modifications of its operation process is proposed. The evaluation of results is performed and future research in the field of the complex systems, including maritime transportation systems, safety and their operation costs joint analysis and optimization is proposed.

8

European Union global critical infrastructure safety management system. Research project proposition

Kołowrocki Krzysztof

Safety and Reliability of Systems and Processes

|

2022

|

Summer Safety and Reliability Seminar 2022

79--91

EN

European Union Global Critical Infrastructure Safety Management System (EUSAFEGLOBE) will develop new modelling and assessment methods and tools to create novel comprehensive and coherent methodology for safety and resilience analysis of critical infrastructure with ageing dependent assets under outside extreme events impact. Project results and tools validated in real case studies will be integrated into sectorial safety management systems and risk reduction and accident consequences mitigation management systems for process industry, energy and transport. On the basis of created sectorial management systems and developed systemic approach to critical infrastructure cybersecurity the Early Warning System (EWS) will be designed. Created sectorial management and warning systems and systemic approach to critical infrastructure cybersecurity and training tools developed in the form of Critical Infrastructure Safety and Resilience Training System (CISRTS) will be integrated into the European Union Global Critical Infrastructure Safety Management System (EUGCISMS). EUGCISMS will be provided with clear for users instructions of its applications in all of any-sector critical infrastructures and will be placed at the developed during project implementation the internet interactive platform, to create its final form the European Union Global Critical Infrastructure Safety Internet Interactive Platform (EUGCISIIP). EUGCISIIP will be tested and approved for common use and placed at created the European Union Global Critical Infrastructure Safety Management Centre (EUGCISMC). EUGCISMC will carry permanent education, dissemination and consultancy services to various industry and administration sectors including seminars, conferences, training courses and fully operational interactive internet service as the main gate to all critical infrastructures safety related resources and knowledge and it is planned to be exploited as a validated methodological approach and integrated component for strategic level decision making though the whole EU.

9

Optymalizacja temperatury ładowania akumulatora ciepła

Rymarski Grzegorz

Rynek Energii

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2022

|

Nr 6

24--27

PL

W artykule omówiono możliwości optymalizacji temperatury ładowania akumulatora ciepła. Zaniżenie temperatury ładowania zasobnika wiąże się z ograniczeniem jego pojemności cieplnej. W okresie letnim charakteryzującym się niskim zapotrzebowaniem na ciepło nie jest wykorzystywana pełna, projektowa pojemność akumulatora, co daje możliwość zaniżenia temperatury wody gorącej podawanej do ładowania akumulatora. Działanie takie poprawia warunki wymiany ciepła w kondensatorze turbiny, co wprost przekłada się na wzrost produkcji energii elektrycznej. W artykule zaprezentowano, na przykładzie turbiny klasy 100MW, potencjalny przyrost produkcji energii elektrycznej wynikający z optymalizacji temperatury ładowania zasobnika.

EN

The article discusses the possibilities of optimizing the charging temperature of the heat accumulator. Lowering the storage tank charging temperature is related to the reduction of its heat capacity. In the summer season characterized by low heat demand, the full design capacity of the accumulator is not used, which makes it possible to lower the temperature of hot water supplied to charge the accumulator. Such action improves the heat exchange conditions in the turbine condenser, which directly translates into an increase in electricity production. The article presents, based on the example of a 100MW class turbine, the potential increase in electricity production resulting from the optimization of the storage tank charging temperature.

10

Specifics of hydropower plant management in isolated power systems

Sultonov Sherkhon, Safaraliev Murodbek Kholnazarovich, Kokin Sergey Evgenevich, Dmitriev Seregy Alexsandrovich, Zicmane Inga, Dzhuraev Shokhin Dzhuraevich

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2022

|

R. 98, nr 4

53--57

EN

The paper describes the distinctive features of the isolated power system of Tajikistan, significant part of which is constituted by the hydropower plants; identifies the main problems of the electric power system of the Republic of Tajikistan in terms of power generation; describes specific features of HPP cascade management; proposes a method of determining the alternative fully drawn down level of the Norak HPP reservoir, taking into account the water level requirements in various water volume conditions from the point of view of power generation increase; estimates the economic efficiency of reducing the deficit of electricity in the power system with view to long-term optimization.

PL

W artykule opisano charakterystyczne cechy izolowanego systemu elektroenergetycznego Tadżykistanu, którego znaczną część stanowią elektrownie wodne; identyfikuje główne problemy systemu elektroenergetycznego Republiki Tadżykistanu w zakresie wytwarzania energii; opisuje specyficzne cechy zarządzania kaskadowego HPP; proponuje metodę określenia alternatywnego całkowicie obniżonego poziomu zbiornika Norak HPP z uwzględnieniem wymagań poziomu wody w różnych warunkach objętości wody z punktu widzenia przyrostu mocy; szacuje ekonomiczną efektywność redukcji deficytu energii elektrycznej w systemie elektroenergetycznym z myślą o długoterminowej optymalizacji.

11

Optimization of the reliability of power electric distribution grids MV with the use of heuristic algorithms

Nita Wojciech, Filipiak Sylwester

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2022

|

R. 98, nr 6

50--56

EN

The article aims to present the application of selected heuristic algorithms to improve the reliability indices of MV distribution grids. Improving the reliability and efficiency of power distribution grids is currently a topical and important issue. The paper includes analyses of selected algorithms, in particular algorithms utilising heuristic methods for multicriteria optimisation of the scope of activities improving the reliability and efficiency of power electric distribution grids. Evolutionary algorithms were also used to determine the fronts of the Pareto optimal solutions sets.

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zastosowania wybranych heurystycznych algorytmów populacyjnych do optymalizacji wskaźników niezawodności sieci dystrybucyjnych SN. Poprawa niezawodności i efektywności systemów dystrybucyjnych energii elektrycznej jest ważnym i aktualnym zagadnieniem. W artykule zastosowano wybrane algorytmy do wielokryterialnej optymalizacji zakresu przedsięwzięć poprawiających niezawodność i efektywność systemów dystrybucyjnych energii na przykładzie wybranej terenowej sieci elektroenergetycznej SN. Zastosowano również algorytmy ewolucyjne w celu wyznaczania frontów zbiorów rozwiązań Pareto – optymalnych.

12

Optymalizacja procesu betonowania płyty fundamentowej przy użyciu teorii masowej obsługi

Przywara Daniel, Rak Adam

Przegląd Budowlany

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2022

|

R. 93, nr 9-10

24--28

PL

Miarą jakości i wiarygodności harmonogramów budowlanych jest studium ich wykonalności. W przebiegu realizacji przedsięwzięć budowlanych występuje szereg czynników zewnętrznych, generujących ich opóźnienia czasowe i odchylenia kosztowe. Optymalizacja przebiegu procesów budowlanych, zarówno w aspekcie czasu ich trwania jak też ponoszonych kosztów w wielu przypadkach dotyczy zwiększenia stopnia harmonizacji maszyn budowlanych, tworzących zestawy o różnych strukturach. W artykule podjęto próbę oceny stopnia wykorzystania wydajności zestawu maszyn budowlanych do robót betoniarskich przy użyciu teorii masowej obsługi. Wykorzystano w tym celu badania empiryczne autorów, przeprowadzone w 2011 roku na terenie Cementowni Górażdże (Heidelberg Group) podczas procesu betonowania płyty fundamentowej magazynu paliw zastępczych.

EN

The measure of the quality and reliability of construction schedules is a feasibility study. There are a number of external factors in the course of the implementation of construction projects, generating their time delays and cost deviations. Optimization of the course of construction processes, both in terms of their duration as well as the costs incurred, in many cases it concerns the increase of the degree of harmonization of construction machines, forming sets of various structures. The article attempts to assess the degree of use of the performance of a set of construction machines for concrete works using the theory of mass service. For this purpose, the authors used empirical research carried out in 2011 at the Górażdże Cement Plant (Heidelberg Group) during the process of concreting the foundation slab of the substitute fuels warehouse.

13

Modified Topology and Modulation Technique for Z-Source Neutral-Point Clamped Inverter

Akbari Ehsan, Zishan Farhad

Power Electronics and Drives

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2022

|

Vol. 7 (42)

210--226

EN

The impedance network makes it possible to increase and decrease the voltage, which is not available in normal inverters (voltage and current sources).This paper presents a modified topology and modulation technique for a three-phase Modified Z-Source Neutral-Point Clamped (MZS-NPC) inverter. A modulation scheme for the proposed topology is designed based on maximum gain control method to achieve the maximum voltage gain by simple implementation and balancing the neutral point voltage of the dc link. In order to supply the desired voltage to the critical load in an islanded micro-grid, a closed-loop ac voltage controller is realized in fuel cell or photovoltaic applications based on the proposed inverter. The ability to reinforce and validity of topology operations and modulation techniques has been demonstrated by simulation. It should be noted that the simulations are implemented in MATLAB / Simulink software.

14

Modeling and Box-Behnken design optimization of microwave treatment of sulphidic gold flotation tailing

Benli Birgül, Baştürkçü Hüseyin

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

|

Vol. 58, iss. 5

art. no. 149929

EN

As raw minerals become scarcer every passing day, the need for the recovery of mine tailings becomes essential. This research highlights the use of microwave energy as a green alternative to otherwise environmentally harmful methods of ore tailing recovery. The obtained results indicate that a 1.4 ppm Au and 3.5 % S sample floated with Aeroflot 208 and Aerophine 3418A increased the concentration of tailings over 18 % S and 4 ppm, Au, for recovery yield, resulting in 84 % and 80 % recovery, respectively. After microwave irradiation, 90 % of sulphur removal was reached under the optimum conditions of 50 minutes of irradiation using 1000 W for 4 g of the sample. Overall with 96. 74 % correlation of the quadratic model using the Box-Behnken design and expressed coefficient R2 regression the model was proven to be suitable for heating and roasting processes of gold-bearing tailings.

15

Application of uniform test design in optimizing the flotation reagents of iron anionic reverse flotation circuit

Hou Ying, Sobhy Ahmed

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

|

Vol. 58, iss. 1

37--49

EN

Most iron reserves are low in grade with quartz as the main gangue mineral, and anionic reverse flotation has become the most crucial separation method in the processing plants of iron ore. Thus, a flotation feed sample that is a mixture of low-intensity and high-gradient magnetic separators concentrates was acquired from a processing plant. The sample characterizations with X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), laser particle size analyzer, and mineral liberation analysis (MLA) confirmed that the sample consists of iron oxide as a valuable mineral and quartz as a gangue mineral with adequate liberation degree. In the anionic reverse flotation, the interaction of the flotation reagents with the constituents of the feed makes the flotation a complex system. Thus, the selection and optimization of regent dosages were performed using a uniform experimental design to estimate the optimum separation efficiency. The optimum reagent system was 1.6 kg/Mg starch depressant, 1.0 kg/Mg calcium oxide (lime) activator, and 0.8 kg/Mg TD-II anionic collector. At the optimum, 68.90% iron grade with 92.62% recovery was produced.

16

Optymalizacja położenia odwiertów wydobywczych ze względu na czas trwania plateau wydobycia

Łętkowski Piotr

Nafta-Gaz

|

2022

|

R. 78, nr 8

598--607

PL

Określenie optymalnego rozmieszczenia odwiertów eksploatacyjnych na złożu węglowodorów jest kluczowe dla jego efektywnej eksploatacji. Tak sformułowane zagadnienie stanowi złożony problem optymalizacyjny, którego rozwiązanie w postaci lokalizacji odwiertów zależy między innymi od sposobu zdefiniowania funkcji celu. W literaturze najczęściej występują dwie postacie funkcji celu: zysk bieżący netto (NPV) oraz sumaryczne wydobycie ropy naftowej. Rzadziej spotykana jest funkcja celu bazująca na równomierności sczerpania złoża. Artykuł jest poświęcony próbie zastosowania funkcji celu opartej na czasie wydobycia ropy ze stałą wydajnością (tzw. plateau). Optymalizację prowadzono dla sumarycznego wydobycia ropy oraz zysku bieżącego netto w czasie trwania fazy plateau. W tym celu zbudowano hybrydowy algorytm optymalizacyjny bazujący na optymalizacji rojem cząstek. Zastosowanie algorytmu hybrydowego łączącego trzy mechanizmy wynikało z jednej strony z konieczności poprawienia skuteczności podstawowej metody optymalizacyjnej, z drugiej zaś miało na celu ograniczenie tzw. przedwczesnej zbieżności. Cele te zostały zrealizowane poprzez wykorzystanie mapy potencjału produktywności oraz wprowadzenie mechanizmu mutacji. Optymalizację prowadzono dla dwóch różnych sposobów sterowania odwiertami: sterowania grupowego ze stałą wydajnością oraz sterowania indywidualnego. Zbudowany algorytm potwierdził efektywność, uzyskując wzrost wartości funkcji celu w stosunku do wartości pierwotnej od 40% do 300%. We wszystkich analizowanych przypadkach algorytm rozmieścił odwierty produkcyjne poprawnie, co do zasady. Odwierty zostały rozmieszczone w strefie ropnej w bezpiecznej odległości zarówno od kontaktu woda–ropa, jak i ropa–gaz, przy czym stwierdzono pewne różnice w zależności od przyjętej funkcji celu. Przeprowadzone symulacje potwierdziły możliwość zastosowania czasu trwania plateau jako funkcji celu dla optymalizacji położenia odwiertów produkcyjnych.

EN

Determining the optimal placement of production wells in a hydrocarbon reservoir is crucial for the effective exploitation. The problem formulated in this way is a complex optimization problem, the solution of which in the form of the location of the wells depends, inter alia, on the method of defining the objective function. Two forms of the objective function are most often found in the literature. These are the net pay value (NPV) and total oil production. The objective function based on the uniformity of the reservoir depletion is less common. The article is devoted to an attempt to apply the objective function based on the duration of oil production with a constant production rate (the so-called production plateau). The optimization was carried out for the total oil production and for the net pay value for the plateau period. The need to use a hybrid algorithm combining three mechanisms resulted, on the one hand, from the need to improve the effectiveness of the basic optimization method, and on the other hand, to reduce the so-called “premature convergence”. For this purpose, a hybrid optimization algorithm based on particle swarm optimization was built. These goals were achieved through the use of a productivity potential map and a mutation mechanism. Optimization was carried out for two different well control methods: group control with constant production rate and individual well control. The developed algorithm confirmed the effectiveness, obtaining an increase in the value of the objective function in relation to the original value from 40% to 300%. As a rule, the algorithm placed the production wells correctly in all analyzed cases. The well were located in the oil zone at a safe distance from both water-oil and oil-gas contacts, with some differences depending on the target function adopted. The simulations carried out confirmed the possibility of using the plateau duration as a function of the objective for optimizing the location of production wells.

17

Optymalizacja liczby i położenia odwiertów eksploatacyjnych z wykorzystaniem mapy potencjału produktywności

Łętkowski Piotr

Nafta-Gaz

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2022

|

R. 78, nr 12

861--871

PL

Jednym z podstawowych elementów planu zagospodarowania złoża węglowodorów jest określenie liczby i położenia odwiertów eksploatacyjnych (produkcyjnych i zatłaczających). Należy jednak zauważyć, że zdecydowana większość prac poświęcona temu zagadnieniu opisuje proces optymalizacji położenia, a nie liczby odwiertów, przyjmując, że jest ona zadana arbitralnie. Wynika to z faktu, że znane i stosowane metody optymalizacyjne operują na stałej liczbie parametrów optymalizacyjnych, w związku z czym liczba odwiertów wydobywczych nie może zmieniać się w trakcie procesu optymalizacji. W artykule przedstawiono modyfikację podstawowej metody optymalizacyjnej uwzględniającą zmianę liczby odwiertów w czasie optymalizacji, przy czym optymalizacja położenia i liczby odwiertów przebiega równocześnie. Podstawową metodą optymalizacyjną w skonstruowanym algorytmie jest optymalizacja rojem cząstek (ang. PSO) – jedna z najbardziej efektywnych metod optymalizacji bezgradientowej, należąca do grupy metod stochastycznych. Została ona zmodyfikowana dla potrzeb przyjętego problemu optymalizacyjnego poprzez zmianę postaci funkcji celu oraz wprowadzenie zmiennej progowej, co pozwoliło na operowanie zmienną liczbą odwiertów. W celu poprawienia zbieżności algorytm uzupełniono o mechanizm mutacji oparty na mapie potencjału produktywności. Testy zbieżności metody przeprowadzone na przykładzie złoża testowego PUNQ-S3 wskazały na zadowalającą efektywność zaproponowanego rozwiązania. Algorytm potrzebował 150 iteracji i 750 wywołań funkcji celu, aby 2,5-krotnie zwiększyć początkową wartość NPV przy równoczesnej 3,5-krotnej redukcji liczby odwiertów produkcyjnych. Z kolei zastosowanie algorytmu do optymalizacji liczby i rozmieszczenia odwiertów zatłaczających przy zadanej liczbie konfiguracji odwiertów wydobywczych pozwoliło na zwiększenie zysku netto o 1/3 przy ponad 2-krotnej redukcji liczby odwiertów

EN

One of the basic elements of the hydrocarbon reservoir development plan is to determine the number and location of production and injection wells. However, it should be noted that most of the research works dedicated to this issue describe the process of placement optimization but not the number of exploitation wells assuming that it was an arbitrary set. This is partly due to the fact that known and used optimization methods operate on a fixed number of optimization parameters, therefore the number of production wells can not change during the optimization process. The paper presents modification of the basic optimization method taking into account the change in the number of wells during optimization. The optimization of the placement and number of wells run simultaneously. The basic optimization method in the constructed algorithm is particle swarm optimization (PSO) – one of the most effective methods of non-gradient optimization, belonging to the group of stochastic methods. It was modified for the needs of the adopted optimization problem by changing the form of the objective function and introducing the threshold variable which allowed to change the number of wells. In order to improve the convergence, the algorithm is supported by a mutation mechanism based on the productivity potential map. The convergence tests carried out based on the example of the PUNQ-S3 benchmark field showed the satisfactory effectiveness of the proposed solution. The algorithm took 150 iterations and 750 objective function calls to increase the starting NPV value by 2.5 times while reducing the number of production wells by 3.5 times. On the other hand, the use of the algorithm to optimize the number and placement of injection wells for a given number of production wells configuration allowed to increase the NPV value profit by 1/3 with a reduction of more than 2 times in the number of wells.

18

Analysis, evaluation, and optimization of bio-medical thermo-resistive micro-calorimetric flow sensor using an analytical approach

Babaelahi Mojtaba, Sadri Somayyeh

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2022

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Vol. 29, nr 1

109--125

EN

Sensitive MEMS-based thermal flow sensors are the best choice for monitoring the patient’s respiration prompt diagnosis of breath disturbances. In this paper, open space micro-calorimetric flow sensors are investigated as precise monitoring tools. The differential energy balance equation, including convection and conduction terms, is derived for thermal analysis of the considered sensor. The temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of the thin silicon-oxide membrane layer is considered in the energy balance equation. The derived thermal non-linear differential equation is solved using a well-known analytical method, and a finite-element numerical solution is used for the confirmation. Results show that the presented analytical model offers a precise tool for evaluating these sensors. The effects of flow and thin membrane film parameters on thermo-resistive micro-calorimetric flow sensors’ performance and sensitivity are evaluated. The optimization has been performed at different flow velocities using a genetic algorithm method to determine the optimum configuration of the considered flow sensor. The geometrical parameters are selected as a decision variable in the optimization procedure. In the final step, using optimization results and curve-fitting, the expressions for the optimum decision variables have been derived. The sensor’s optimum configuration is achieved analytically based on flow velocity with the analytical terms for optimum decision variables.

19

Optimization of the shape of the heat shield in terms of natural frequency

Mroczkowski Dawid, Wyleżoł Marek

Mechanik

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2022

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R. 95, nr 8-9

66--71

EN

The goal of the article is to present the optimization of the shape of the heat shield of the exhaust system in terms of counteracting the phenomenon of resonance caused by the operation of the internal combustion engine.

PL

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja optymalizacji kształtu osłony termicznej układu wydechowego w celu przeciwdziałania zjawisku rezonansu wywołanego pracą silnika spalinowego.

20

Underwater friction-stir welding of a stir-cast AA6061-SiC metal matrix composite: optimization of the process parameters, microstructural characterization, and mechanical properties

Sabry Ibrahim, Hewidy A. M.

Materials Science Poland

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2022

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Vol. 40, No. 1

101--115

EN

It is an underlying fact for the case of the joining process especially welding to have optimized parameters to achieve joints with outstanding mechanical characteristics. In the current article, using stir-cast aluminum-based alloy (Al 6061) is stir-cast with Al 6061/5%wt. silicon carbide, Al 6061/10%wt. silicon carbide, and Al 6061/18%wt. silicon carbide was welded using an underwater friction-stir welding process. Optimum welding parameters [namely, tool rotating speed (N), welding speed (S), and silicon carbide (SiC)] are investigated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface methodology (RSM) statistical approaches. High ultimate tensile strength and microhardness were set as required characteristics of quality welds. Since there are two responses and two objectives, multiple-criteria decision-making approach-response surface methodology was performed alongside ANOVA. Optimal parameters from these statistical approaches are converged to a tool rotating speed of 1,736.36 rpm, a welding speed of 11.58 mm/min, and a SiC of 16.67%, respectively. For the current inquiry, the computed ultimate tensile strength and microhardness are 984 MPa and 89.9 HV, respectively, and these values are congruent with the findings of effectiveness studies. It is deduced from this study that the optimal parameters are convergent irrespective of the two used techniques for the investigated experimental data.