Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Skuteczność koagulantów w usuwaniu wybranych zanieczyszczeń mikrobiologicznych i fizykochemicznych ze ścieków z przemysłu owocowo-warzywnego

Makara Agnieszka, Kmiecik Dominika, Kowalski Zygmunt

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2024

|

T. 103, nr 7

799--804

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań oczyszczania ścieków z przemysłu owocowo-warzywnego metodą koagulacji, za pomocą zmiennych dawek koagulantów: glinowego PAX 18 i żelazowego PIX 113 (2–10 mL/L), oraz neutralizacji 10-proc. roztworem mleka wapiennego. Koagulant glinowy PAX 18 był bardziej skuteczny w usuwaniu zanieczyszczeń mikrobiologicznych. W oczyszczonych frakcjach ciekłych w całym zakresie stosowanych dawek nie stwierdzono obecności enterokoków i bakterii Escherichia coli, a ogólna liczba mikroorganizmów została obniżona o ponad 99%. Wartość ChZT została maksymalnie obniżona o 67% za pomocą koagulantu glinowego (dawka 2 mL/L) oraz o 72% za pomocą koagulantu żelazowego (dawka 6 mL/L). Barwę oczyszczonych ścieków obniżono o 88–97%, a mętność niemalże całkowicie (< 1 NTU).

EN

Wastewater from the fruit and vegetable industry was treated by coagulation, using variable doses of Al PAX 18 and Fe PIX 113 coagulants (2–10 mL/L) and neutralized with a 10% soln. of lime milk. The PAX 18 was more effective in removing microbiol. contaminants in the entire range of doses used. No enterococci or Escherichia coli were detected, and the total no. of microorganisms was reduced by more than 99%. The COD value was reduced by a max. of 67% using an Al coagulant (dose 2 mL/L) and by 72% using an Fe coagulant (dose 6 mL/L). The color of the treated sewage was reduced from 88 to 97%, and the turbidity was almost completely reduced (< 1 NTU).

2

Synthesis of Nano-Calcium Fluoride–Based Materials from Phosphogypsum Waste and their Use in Wastewater Treatment–Adsorption of Reactive Blue 21 Dyes

Bensemlali Meryem, Hatimi Badreddine, Mortadi Halima, Chajri Fatima-Zahra, Aarfane Abdellatif, Mohammed El Idrissi, Joudi Meryeme, Labjar Najoua, Nasrellah Hamid, Bakasse Mina

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 8

62--71

EN

A novel synthesis process and characterization of nano-calcium fluoride (n-CaF2) single crystal prepared from phosphogypsum waste. The phosphogypsum (CaSO4 2H2O) powder has been mechanically mixed with NH4F in presence of a controlled amount of water. The mixture still sintered for 48 hours until the formation of nano calcium fluoride particles. The n-CaF2 particles have been characterized by several techniques, The techniques utilized included X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Therefore, it was confirmed that very pure n-CaF2 was obtained with a Ca/F ratio of 0.5 and an average crystalizing size measured according to the Debye-Scherrer equation of 11 nm. Based on the findings reached, The characterization data revealed successful synthesis of n-CaF2 from phosphogypsum. Additionally, the adsorption performance of the elaborated n-CaF2 was tested in Reactive Blue 21 (RB21) anionic dye removal, Adsorption tests were conducted in a batch reactor, focusing on key factors such as contact time, which can significantly influence the adsorption results. adsorption amount, pH, and dye concentration were tested. Hence results show an important adsorption performance of n-CaF2 with Reactive Blue 21 removal rate up to 90%.

3

Synthesis and Characterization of a Contemporary Type of Metal-Organic Framework and its Application for Purification Wastewater from Toxic Methylene Blue Dye

Attar Osama Jassim, Alrubaye Rana Th. A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 1

37--48

EN

This paper describes the synthesis of a promising material and evaluates the suitability of a metal-organic framework (MOF-199) for purifying toxic methylene blue (MB) dye wastewater via an adsorption process. (MOF-199) is considered much better than traditional adsorbents. The research focused on determining the adsorption characteristics and dye removal effectiveness with MOF-199, where several factors were studied, including dye concentration, contact time, amount of adsorbent, and pH. The highest observed dye removal efficiency was 97.21% when the pH was 7.5, and the reaction duration was 90 minutes. This was achieved by adding 0.2 g of MOF-199 to a dye solution containing 20 mg/L methylene blue. The adsorption process was evaluated by Langmuir, and the Freundlich isotherm models. As the strong correlation factor (R2 = 0.9989) indicates a pseudo-second-order kinetic model describes the adsorption methylene blue by MOF-199 the best. This indicates that the main mechanism of dye removal is chemisorption. Finally, the MOF-199 material can have remarkable reusability as an adsorption material for MB and subsequent efficiency of MOF-199 exhibited a reduction of 14.43% after undergoing four cycles, compared to its initial state. Yet, it remained at a commendably high level.

4

Standardizing the Wastewater Composition in Order to Minimize the Eutrophication Risk for the Reservoir

Proskurnin Oleg, Tsapko Natalia, Ivashchenko Taras, Vasilenko Sergey, Belokon Karina, Zakharchenko Nikolay, Yurchenko Anatolii, Teliura Natalia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 6

144--152

EN

The article strives to determine the allowable content of nutrients in the wastewater that is being discharged into a reservoir, with the end goal of minimizing the risk of eutrophication. It was noted that the methodology currently used in Ukraine and most European countries to control pollutant discharge in wastewater is designed to simply not exceed the permissible pollution level in natural water based on sanitary indicators, which does not guarantee the absence of the eutrophication risk to the water bodies. The article describes a developed method for determining the allowable composition of wastewater based on biogenic indicators. The proposed method takes into account the consecutive transformation of nutrients, the probabilistic nature of the factors that determine the quality of water in water bodies, as well as the cost of purifying wastewater from various pollutants. The problem was considered for the case of wastewater discharge into a reservoir through a watercourse. This research is a practical scientific basis for further improving the methodology for standardization of the wastewater composition in order to protect water bodies from eutrophication.

5

Pollutant Removal in Wastewater from Anaerobic Digesters by Water Lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) at Both Still-Water and Running-Water Stages

Thuan Nguyen Cong, Khanh Huynh Cong, Van Cong Nguyen

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 6

80--89

EN

This research investigated the effectiveness of water lettuce (WL; Pistia stratiotes L.) in improving the quality of wastewater from biogas systems. Two treatments were designed, one without WL and the other with WL. First, WL were raised in containers that had 15 L of wastewater with an initial ammonium concentration of about 15 mg/L at the still-water stage (days 0–7). Then, at the running-water stage (days 10–22), wastewater with a targeted NH4+-N concentration of about 15 mg/L in a 5-L tank was gravitationally delivered continually into terraced Styrofoam containers designed as ponds 1, 2 and 3. Water samples were collected on days 0, 3, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19 and 22, and fresh weights of WL were measured on the same days of sampling the water. The results showed that at the still-water stage, WL contributed to the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (14.74±4.14% and 8.69±0.92%, respectively), total inorganic nitrogen (23.93±2.35% and 12.80±1.30%, respectively), ammonium (25.21±5.44% and 1.12±0.93%), nitrite (59.98±3.22% and 22.37±1.21%, respectively) and phosphate (71.84±0.89% and 61.64±1.65%, respectively) on days 0–3 more than on days 4–7 but did not help decrease nitrate concentrations on days 0–7. WL contributed to reducing organic matter less at the running-water stage than at the still-water stage. WL helped lower ammonium, nitrite and nitrate concentrations at the running-water stage more than at the still-water stage but did so more for ammonium and nitrate compared with nitrite at the running-water stage. No differences in pollutant concentration reductions between the two treatments (without and with WL) were found in ponds 1, 2 and 3. On days 10–22, no clear trend in increasing or decreasing pollutant concentrations emerged, except nitrite concentration, which lessened over time. No significant differences in the relative daily WL fresh biomass increase between the still-water and the running-water days were observed. The findings indicate that WL is an aquatic plant that can be used in treating wastewater from biogas systems, showing a high efficiency in lowering phosphorus concentrations and a potential for removing nitrite.

6

Optimum Conditions for Applying the Magnetic Absorption Methodfor Decontamination of Ferrous Sulphate and Chromate-Containing Wastewater

Radovenchyk Vyacheslav, Ivanenko Olena, Otrokh Olena, Overchenko Tetiana, Ivaniuta Serhii, Benatov Daniel, Frolenkova Svitlana, Hurieva Liudmyla

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 5

321--334

EN

The article deals with the acute issue of intensive contamination of surface and underground waters with iron and chromium ions, which reduces the amount of water suitable for consumption. It was noted that because of monitoring the state of transboundary rivers of Ukraine within the framework of bilateral agreements, an unacceptable excess of the content of heavy metal ions was recorded. The main polluters of the water environment are machinebuilding enterprises that discharge untreated or insufficiently treated metal-containing wastewater from the processes of steel etching, chrome plating, etc. Recently, the processing of these solutions to obtain a suspension of highly dispersed particles with magnetic properties–magnetite has been increasingly practiced. One of the directions of its use is the sorption of various pollutants in water environments, i.e., the application of the magnetic absorption method. Our study shows the advantages of using magnetite obtained from sulphate solutions in comparison with the traditional sulphate-chloride solution, the influence of the ratio of iron (II) and (III) ions, temperature, pH, nature of the precipitant, salinity on the dispersion of the obtained magnetic particles. When applying the magnetic absorption method, it was determined that hydrolyzed forms of iron (III) ions are best sorbed on magnetite, the removal process of which from aqueous solutions occurs quite intensively during the first two minutes. During the study of various samples of magnetite, it was established that in acidic solutions, with an increase in the ratio of iron (II) and (III) ions, the efficiency of iron ion removal decreases; in neutral and alkaline solutions, such a dependence is not observed. In the proposed technological scheme, purifying wastewater containing 10–100 mg/dm3 of iron ions is advisable by adding 100–1000 mg/dm3 of magnetite suspension and alkali solution to a pH of 8–9. The study showed that during the treatment of chromate-containing waters with magnetite, in addition to the processes of reduction of chromate ions, oxidation of surface Fe2+ ions to Fe3+, sorption of Cr3+ ions or Cr(OH)3 hydroxides, the reduction of chromate anions on its surface is observed, the basis of which may be the formation chemical compounds, as well as the sorption mechanism. The optimal conditions for removing chromium (VI) compounds from model solutions are to conduct the process at an elevated temperature and use magnetite with a 20 mg per 1 mg Cr6+ consumption.

7

Modeling of Dispersed Red 17 Dye Removal from an Aqueous Solution Using Artificial Neural Network

Ibrahim Abdullah I., Asmel Nabel K., Alabdraba Waleed M. S., Al-Nima Raid R. O.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 2

10--19

EN

A significant amount of hazardous compounds has leaked into the environment due to the widespread usage of organic dyes, and it is essential that these dangerous contaminants be removed in a sustainable way. This study used varying amounts of H2O2 (0, 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 5) mM/L to extract the dye from the aqueous solution. Furthermore, concentrations of 0.4, 1, 1.7, and 2.3 mM/L of Fe+2 as FeSO4•7H2O were also utilized. Batch Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) was carried out under various working conditions, including: contact time (5–60 min), mixing speed (100–300 rpm), and UV light intensity (0–40 W). Utilizing experimental data, the AOP efficiency of Dispersed Red 17 Dye was calculated. Genetic Cascade-forward Neural Network (GCNN) was employed as a machine-learning tool to forecast the oxidation efficiency and the amount of dye that would be removed from the aqueous solution, specifically Dispersed Red 17. When compared to experimental data, the best model had an R2 correlation value of 0.955. The findings of the importance analysis showed that the studied parameters affected the discoloration efficiency with order of: H2O2, UV, Fe+2, mixing speed, and contact time. The obtained results demonstrated the effectiveness of GCNN as a novel approach in forecasting the AOP efficiency of Dispersed Red 17 Dye.

8

Kinetic Characteristics of Thermophilic Aerobic Membrane Reactor (TAMR) for Iraqi Municipal Wastewater

Kalash Khairi R., Waisi Basma I., Al-Furaiji Mustafa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 3

303--312

EN

We evaluated the performance of a wastewater treatment plant with a thermophilic aerobic membrane reactor (TAMR) system. The two kinetic models used to describe its behavior are the Stover-Kincannon modification and secondary order treatments. One could predict the kinetic parameters for removing both chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) from the wastewater substrate. The substrate removal rate was 1.66 per day within a correlation coefficient оf 0.9978. Also, those coefficients for COD concentration are 0.9977 and 0.9965, according to the modified model. As for COD, the probable maximum utilization rate was estimated to be 60.24 g\L·day. The saturation value is about 64.81 g\L·day. However, the maximal uptake by biomass of ammonia nitrogen is 32.42 g/L·day, and the saturation constant is 30.12 g/L·day. Stover-Kincannon’s modified model has been shown to be an effective method for the treatment of sewage – and it even makes fairly accurate predictions as to what will happen wth the COD and the ammonia nitrogen content in sewage. In addition, it is useful for optimizing wastwater treatment that is both simple and highly efficient at producing accurate predictions.

9

Electrocoagulation Process for Chromium Removal in Leather Tanning Effluents

Hartati Etih, Hasyyati Lina, Permadi Didin Agustian, Djaenudin Djaenudin, Permana Dani, Putra Herlian Eriska

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 4

1--13

EN

The application of chromium sulfate in tanning operations yields chromium-laden wastewater, posing significant environmental risks. This research explored electrocoagulation as a remedial measure for tannery effluents. Varied parameters–pH (4, 7, 10), electric currents (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 A), and durations (1, 2, 3 h)–were optimized to diminish the chromium content. Evaluation based on initial and final chromium concentrations demonstrated 99.94% removal efficiency at pH 4, 1.5 A, over 3 hours. Achieving the 0.6 mg/L target concentration occurred at pH 4, 0.91 A, for 3 hours. This study highlighted the effectiveness of electrocoagulation in chromium mitigation within tannery wastewater, showcasing its potential as an environmentally sustainable remediation.

10

Development of Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation on Anaerobic Support System with Sulfate Reducing Bacteria Media

Suyasa I. Wayan Budiarsa, Sukarta I Nyoman, Suprihatin Iryanti Eka

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 7

295--304

EN

Heavy metals in wastewater come from processes related to heavy metals as raw materials and contaminants. Heavy metals pose a significant threat. Bioaugmentation technique that utilizes communities of microorganisms to bioaccumulation heavy metals from wastewater. However, the application of SRB in anaerobic system installations for wastewater treatment needs to continue to be developed with more practical applications. In this study, the enriched SRB colony source was applied to an anaerobic tank. The grown SRB is used to extract heavy metals from wastewater with the addition of sulfate and supporting nutrients. Throughout the treatment process, the anaerobic system with SRB consistently maintained a sulfate removal efficiency of 87–88%, indicating continued sulfate consumption activity by the SRB colony. Despite the high initial concentration of heavy metals, the system effectively removed>91% of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cr on days 15, 30, and 45. Additionally, the system reduced the Cu content by 43.6%, thereby reaching peak metal removal heavy. the level was 85% on day 30 and decreased slightly to 83% on day 45. This study bridges the gap in understanding the application of SRB in wastewater treatment systems with effective performance.

11

Cost-Effective Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Waters Using Locally Sourced Wood Sawdust

Mkheidze Nino, Davitadze Ruslan, Gotsiridze Raul, Kiknadze Nino, Megrelidze Nargiz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, nr 5

208--218

EN

The increasing environmental pollution resulting from oil transportation, especially through pipelines such as the Baku-Supsa in Georgia, calls for the development of advanced wastewater purification technologies. This study investigates the use of wooden sawdust for the purification of oil-contaminated waters, aiming to utilize locally available residual natural materials for cost-effective environmental remediation. A comprehensive experimental methodology was adopted, involving thirteen types of plant-derived sawdust as sorbents to evaluate their oil sorption capacities under static and dynamic conditions. The effectiveness of these sorbents was assessed by their ability to lower the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated water, focusing specifically on the influence of sorbent particle size, contact duration, and the initial concentration of oil contaminants. The physicochemical characteristics of Azeri Light crude oil were detailed, and the sorption mechanism was scrutinized using gas-liquid chromatography to ascertain the fractional composition of the oil absorbed by the sawdust. Sawdust from Cryptomeria exhibited the highest oil sorption capacity, successfully absorbing 31.6 grams of oil per 100 milliliters of sorbent. Sawdust from Eucalyptus and Oak also displayed considerable sorption capabilities. The f indings indicate that decreasing the particle size of the sawdust significantly enhances its capacity to sorb crude oil. Furthermore, steam-contact pre-treatment of the sawdust markedly increased its oil sorption capacity by 11% and tripled its efficacy in purifying oil-contaminated water. The results highlight the potential of employing locally sourced wooden sawdust, especially from Cryptomeria, as an efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective sorbent for cleaning oil-contaminated waters. The improved sorption capacity achieved through steam-contact pre-treatment presents a viable strategy for enhancing the performance of sawdust sorbents. This research contributes to the advancement of eco-friendly and economically feasible solutions for reducing water pollution caused by oil and its derivatives, emphasizing the critical role of sorbent selection and pre-treatment in refining purification processes.

12

Supplementary Treatment of Wastewater by Using Ecological Lime Derived from Eggshell Waste – A New Sustainable Strategy for Safe Reuse

Assal Aicha, Nasrellah Hamid, Aarfane Abdellatif, Bakasse Mina, El Mahi Mohammed, El Mostapha Lotfi

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 1

180--189

EN

Wastewater from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) often requires further treatment before it can be safely reused. Lime is a common and affordable material used for this purpose, but its production can generate significant environmental impacts. This study developed an eco-friendly and effective lime substitute from eggshell waste for wastewater treatment. First, pre-treated wastewater effluent from WWTP El Jadida, Morocco, was collected and characterized. It was found that COD, BOD5, and TSS values showed non-conformity from Moroccan discharge standards, as well as high concentrations of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), silver (Ag), beryllium (Be), copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co). These pollutants represent a potential risk to human health and the environmental ecosystem. To reduce this pollution, the optimal mass of lime powder obtained by thermal treatment of eggshell waste was determined by testing a concentration series of 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 g·L-1. The findings confirmed that the addition of the optimal dose of prepared lime (24 g·L-1) resulted in a significant reduction in pollution parameters, with abatement rates of 77% for BOD5, 63% for COD and 66% for TSS, respectively. Furthermore, the eco-friendly lime substitute also showed promise in reducing the colorization rate for dyes by 84% and removing heavy metals through precipitation. However, the generated by-product loaded with toxic pollutants should be encapsulated in eco-materials to ensure safe operation and contribute to a sustainable management strategy for wastewater treatment.

13

Study of The Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Quality of Water from River Innaouene, Taza Province, Morocco

Fiouz Abderrahim, Chakiri Said, Najem Ayoub, El Hezzat Mounir, Ben Abbou Mohamed, Lamnii Abderrahim, Chibani Abdelkader, Aouji Marouane, Warad Ismail, Zarrouk Abdelkader

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 2

254--271

EN

In recent decades, the province of Taza has undergone extensive agricultural modernization, marked by an increase in industrial units such as modern oil mills and olive canneries. At the same time, rapid population growth has exacerbated an important problem, the deterioration of the quality of water resources in limited quantities. This study explored the heart of matter by meticulously sampling physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters at eight strategically chosen sites. Conducted in late July 2021, the survey focused on the surface waters of the Innaouene River, providing a timely and insightful examination of the complex dynamics of water quality in the context of modernization and demographic change. This work focused on the determination of physicochemical and microbiological parameters of water. The results of the analyses show that this river is subject to multiple constraints and reaches its tolerance level on most of its sections. A multivariate statistical approach: principal component analysis (PCA) has shown that water pollution in the Innaouene River is mainly related to untreated wastewater discharges into streams. Water quality is considered bad to very bad. Therefore, ecological and health impacts can occur.

14

Efficient and Sustainable Remediation of Refinery Wastewater Using Electrocoagulation and Advanced Oxidation Techniques

Albrazanjy Mohammed G., Hasan Muayad M., Al-Jadir Thaer, Kadhim Wafaa A., Rahim Mohd Hasbi Ab., Al-Rubaiey Najem A.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 3

197--210

EN

Effluent wastewater from industrial processes needs to be properly treated before being discharged into the environment. Conventional procedures for handling this wastewater can be problematic due to the presence of toxic elements, time constraints, and complexity. However, a new electrochemical procedure has been developed as an effective method for remediation. In a recent study, refinery wastewater was successfully treated using an electrochemical technique combined with ultrasonic irradiation and photocatalysis. The study found that electrocoagulation, which uses cheap and recyclable metal electrodes, was a simple, efficient, practical, and cost-effective way to handle refinery wastewater. Various parameters were investigated, including electrode metals, operating time, applied voltage, pH, inter-electrode gap, and temperature. The aim was to determine the optimal configuration for pollutant removal. The study also focused on the synergistic effects of combining electrocoagulation and photocatalysis to improve the efficiency of contaminant removal in oily wastewater. By integrating these two treatment technologies, the researchers aimed to enhance pollutant removal rates, energy efficiency, and overall system performance. The research provided valuable insights into the feasibility, optimization parameters, and applicability of the electrocoagulation-photocatalysis process for remediating organic contaminants in oily wastewater industrial effluents. The results showed that electrocoagulation, especially when combined with ultrasonic irradiation and TiO2 photocatalysis, was highly effective in pollutant removal within a short timeframe. These findings support the implementation of this procedure for remediating most industrial wastewater.In conclusion, the study contributes to the development of more effective and sustainable water treatment strategies. The electrocoagulation-photocatalysis process shows promise in addressing the remediation of organic contaminants in oily wastewater from industrial processes.

15

Wastewater Treatment and Water Reuse Technologies for Sustainable Water Resources: Jordan as a Case Study

Qteishat Omar, Radideh Jamal, Alzboon Kamel, Abu-Hamatteh Ziad, Al-Azab Tariq

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

|

2024

|

Vol. 34, no. 2

177--192

EN

Due to the escalating water demands, in addition to sever water shortage, Jordan has done the most, making reuse a priority in their national water resources strategy. The waste stabilization ponds (WSP) represent the most economical method for wastewater treatment. For these reasons, many treatment plants were built in Jordan Since 1984 where more than 78% of all wastewater discharges had been treated in WSP. Recently, most of these plants were changed to mechanical technologies. The present study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the existing wastewater treatment technologies and to determine the necessity of modified systems. In addition, 80 samples of wastewater collected from the wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) inlet and outlet, analysed for BOD, COD, TSS, and NH4 parameters. Ramtha WWTP was chosen a case study to assess the environmental impact of using modern technologies. Results indicated that the existing treatment plants are facing over hydraulic and organic loads, which cause significant deterioration in their efficiencies. Most of the plants are incapable to achieve the required standards for water reuse. The modern technologies provided high removal efficiencies, better control of odours, operation flexibility, and lower environmental load. Modern treatment technologies can create additional water resources, which is very important parameter in Jordan's water budget. Adequate design, using modern treatment technologies, enacting stricter regulations and better management of urban and rural waste will create more than 200 million cubic meter per year of treated water, which can be reused for irrigation.

16

Eksploatacja dmuchaw i dyfuzorów w małych oczyszczalniach ścieków z osadem czynnym

Błażejewski Ryszard

Technologia Wody

|

2023

|

Nr 2 (80)

12-18

PL

W artykule porównano parametry techniczne dmuchaw stosowanych w małych oczyszczalniach ścieków, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ich sprawności energetycznej. Przedstawiono również uwagi odnośnie do eksploatacji dyfuzorów drobnopęcherzykowych w kontekście ich obrastania i zwiększania oporności hydraulicznej perforowanych membran.

EN

The article compares technical parameters of blowers used in smali sewage treatment plants, with particular emphasis on their energy efficiency. Comments on the operation and maintenance of fine-bubble diffusers in the context of fouling and increasing the hydraulic resistance of perforated membranes are also presented.

17

Sustainable Approaches to Plastics

Frąckowiak Stanisław

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2023

|

Tom 25

128--140

EN

Environmental concern and awareness have led to the development of different sustainable approaches to reduce the environmental impact of waste plastics. A brief literature review was conducted to evaluate recent challenges and emerging ideas on this topic. The two most noticeable approaches identified here are the introduction of biodegradable polymers as replacements for conventional plastics and recycling post-consumer waste plastics. The sustainable approach protects the environment, reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

18

Możliwości recyklingu wody w przemyśle piwowarskim

Kręgiel Dorota

Przemysł Spożywczy

|

2023

|

T. 77, nr 6

10--14

PL

Piwo jest piątym najczęściej spożywanym napojem na świecie, a branża browarnicza stanowi ważny segment gospodarczy w wielu krajach świata. Proces produkcji zużywa duże ilości wody i generuje nawet 10 l ściekow na 1 l wyprodukowanego piwa. Ścieki browarnicze zawierają wysokie poziomy węgla organicznego oraz fosforu i azotu, ale w porównaniu ze ściekami komunalnymi nie zawierają uciążliwych zanieczyszczeń, takich jak farmaceutyki czy patogeny pochodzenia jelitowego. Bogactwo związków organicznych w ściekach browarniczych sprawia, że mogą one stanowić wysokiej jakości składniki odżywcze dla hodowli drobnoustrojów. Zdaniem specjalistów, ścieki browarnicze powinny być poddawane recyklingowi, biorąc pod uwagę zmniejszające się zasoby wody i mocny trend gospodarki cyrkularnej. Artykuł ma na celu dokonanie syntetycznego przeglądu najważniejszych metod oczyszczania ścieków browarniczych.

EN

Beer is the fifth most consumed beverage in the world, and the brewing industry is an important economic segment in many countries of the world. The production proces consumes large amounts of water and generates up to 10 liters of wastewater per liter of beer produced. Brewery wastewater contains high levels of organic carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen, but compared to municipal wastewater, it does not contain nuisance pollutants such as pharmaceuticals or enteric pathogens. The richness of organic compounds in brewery wastewater makes it a high-quality nutrients medium for the cultivation of microorganisms. According to specialists, brewery wastewater should be recycled, taking into account the decreasing water resources and the strong trend of the circular economy. This article aims to provide a synthetic review of the most important methods of brewing wastewater treatment.

19

Wpływ procesu Fentona na wybrane parametry mikrobiologiczne i fizykochemiczne oczyszczanych ścieków z przemysłu drobiarskiego

Makara Agnieszka, Kowalski Zygmunt, Generowicz Agnieszka, Mala Marcin

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2023

|

T. 102, nr 9

934--939

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań oczyszczania ścieków z przemysłu drobiarskiego metodą pogłębionego utleniania w procesie Fentona. Reakcje Fentona prowadzano przy stałej dawce katalizatora i zmiennych dawkach utleniacza, przy stosunku masowym Fe²+:H₂O₂ w zakresie 1:2-1:10. Zastosowana metoda pozwoliła na znaczne zmniejszenie ogólnej liczby mikroorganizmów oraz wyeliminowanie obecności bakterii z grupy coli i Escherichia coli, enterokoków i pałeczek Salmonella we wszystkich oczyszczanych próbkach ścieków w całym zakresie stosowanych dawek nadtlenku wodoru (4-20 g/L). Parametry fizykochemiczne ścieków, takie jak ChZT, barwa i mętność zostały maksymalnie obniżone o odpowiednio 95%, 98% i 100%.

EN

Wastewater from the poultry industry was treated by advanced oxidn. in the Fenton process. A constant catalyst dose and variable oxidant doses were used, with the Fe²+: H₂O₂ mass ratio in the range of 1:2-1:10. The treatment allowed for a significant redn. in the total no. of microorganisms and eliminated the presence of coli form, Escherichia coli bacteria, enterococci and Salmonella bacilli in all treated wastewater samples, in the entire range of H₂O₂ doses (4-20 g/L). The detd. phys. chem. parameters such as COD, color and turbidity were maximally reduced by 95, 98, and 100% resp.

20

Biosorpcja jonów miedzi na granulkach alginianowych : skuteczność procesu w warunkach ustalonych

Trawczyńska Ilona, Kwiatkowska-Marks Sylwia

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2023

|

T. 102, nr 12

1364--1366

PL

Przedstawiono symulację biosorpcji jonów miedzi na granulkach alginianowych dla ustalonych wartości temperatury procesu. Ze względu na koszty związane z etapem chłodzenia często wymagane jest prowadzenie procesów w temperaturze zbliżonej do temperatury otoczenia. Na podstawie zaproponowanego modelu matematycznego obliczono skuteczność procesu biosorpcji w wąskim zakresie temp. 20-25°C, często stosowanym w przemyśle. Uzyskane wyniki dowodzą dużej wrażliwości procesu biosorpcji na zmianę temperatury. Obliczone wartości efektywnego współczynnika dyfuzji Deᵀ mieszczą się w przedziale 0,55-0,67∙10⁻⁹ m²/s, a przedstawione wyniki potwierdzają możliwość łatwego prognozowania De za pomocą proponowanej metody.

EN

A math. model of the biosorption process of Cu ions by alginates was created. The biosorption efficiency was detd. using the values of the effective diffusion coeff. (De) depending on the temperature, pH of the Cu soln. (P) and alginate content in the granules (C). Formulas for calcg. P and C were developed for the biosorption process carried out at temp. in the range of 9.8-60.2°C. The results prove the sensitivity of the biosorption process to temp. changes. The calcns. enable easy prediction of the effective diffusion coeff. De of the biosorption process.