Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Magazyny drugiego życia w gospodarce obiegu zamkniętego – nowe zastosowanie zużytych baterii

Gryz Michał, Nowrot Patryk, Kurzeja Łukasz

Rynek Energii

|

2026

|

Nr 1

12--16

PL

Wraz z dynamicznym wzrostem liczby pojazdów elektrycznych w ujęciu globalnym, rośnie potrzeba zrównoważonych rozwiązań do zarządzania zużytymi ogniwami akumulatorowymi. Pomimo że ogniwa z czasem tracą swoją pierwotną pojemność, co uniemożliwia ich dalsze wykorzystanie w motoryzacji, nadal mogą być wykorzystywane w instalacjach stacjonarnych. W artykule opisano rolę magazynów energii w systemie elektroenergetycznym, przedstawiono architekturę systemu magazynu drugiego życia, a także wyzwania i wnioski wynikające z jego dotychczasowej pracy.

EN

The rapid global growth of electric vehicles has intensiﬁed the need for balanced solutions to manage used battery cells. Although these cells gradually lose their original capacity, making them unsuitable for automotive use, they remain Viable for stationary energy storage applications. This article explores the role of energy storage in the power grid and presents the architecture and operational principles of a second-life battery system developed by the TAURON Group. It outlines the evaluation methodology for repurposed battery packs and discusses the challenges and insights gained from the system’s operation to date. The ﬁndings highlight the potential of second-life storage to support grid stability and promote sustainable energy practices.

2

Supraharmonics in electric vehicle charging: a review of challenges and research gaps

Chudy Aleksander

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2026

|

R. 102, nr 3

71--77

EN

Supraharmonic emissions in electric vehicle charging present an increasing challenge to power quality. They origi nate mainly from power electronic circuits in chargers, with propagation influenced by grid impedance and device configura tions. This paper reviews existing research on supraharmonics, identifies key research gaps, and highlights the need for regula tions and effective mitigation strategies.

PL

Supraharmoniczne emisje w procesach ładowania pojazdów elektrycznych stanowią rosnące wyzwanie dla ja kości energii. Ich źródłem są głównie układy energoelektroniczne w ładowarkach, a ich propagacja zależy od impedancji sieci i konfiguracji urządzeń. Artykuł przedstawia przegląd badań nad supraharmonicznymi, identyfikuje kluczowe luki badawcze oraz podkreśla potrzebę regulacji i skutecznych metod ograniczania tych zakłóceń.

3

Integracja odnawialnego źródła energii i elektromobilności z krajowym systemem elektroenergetycznym

Nęcka Krzysztof, Skotniczny Michał, Knaga Jarosław, Lis Stanisław, Łyszczarz Piotr

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2026

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R. 102, nr 7

1--6

PL

Badanie możliwości wykorzystania instalacji fotowoltaicznej (PV) do ładowania pojazdu hybrydowego Plug-In (Jeep Renegade 4xe). Pełne ładowanie wymaga ok. 10,2 kWh, co pozwala na przejechanie 50 km. Instalacje PV o mocy 3–4 kWp częściowo pokrywają zapotrzebowanie latem, natomiast 6–7 kWp zapewnia stabilniejsze zasilanie, ale generuje nadwyżki. Najkorzystniejszym rozwiązaniem jest instalacja 3,68 kWp z magazynem energii 12 kWh, która ogranicza pobór prądu z sieci i zwiększa autokonsumpcję, choć pełna niezależność możliwa jest tylko sezonowo.

EN

The study examines the potential of using photovoltaic (PV) installations to charge a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (Jeep Renegade 4xe). A full charge requires about 10.2 kWh, giving a range of 50 km. PV systems of 3–4 kWp can partly cover demand in summer, while 6–7 kWp ensures more stable supply but creates surpluses. The most effective solution is a 3.68 kWp installation with a 12 kWh storage system, reducing grid consumption and increasing PV self-use, though full independence is only seasonal.

4

Charging devices with battery power sources in the context of fire safety

Litzbarski Leszek S., Seklecki Konrad, Kowalak Daniel, Borchert Zuzanna, Kuceł Kamil, Grochowski Jacek

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2026

|

R. 102, nr 7

135--142

EN

This article investigates the thermal behavior of lithium-ion batteries during the charging process with a focus on safety-related aspects. A coupled electrical–thermal model implemented in MATLAB/Simulink was used to analyze the influence of charging current on temperature evolution and charging dynamics over a range of operating conditions. The results demonstrate a nonlinear relationship between charging current and maximum battery temperature, which was further generalized using a simplified thermal scaling approach based on Joule heat generation. This enabled the formulation of a practical engineering guideline for temperature-dependent current derating. The numerical findings were validated experimentally using a laboratory setup with controlled charging conditions and thermal measurements. The combined analysis provides a more quantitative understanding of the relationship between charging parameters and thermal response, offering a basis for improved thermal management and safety-oriented control strategies in lithium-ion battery systems.

PL

W niniejszym artykule zbadano zachowanie termiczne akumulatorów litowo-jonowych podczas procesu ładowania, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem aspektów bezpieczeństwa. Kompleksowy model elektryczno-termiczny zaimplementowany w oprogramowaniu MATLAB/Simulink został wykorzystany do analizy wpływu prądu ładowania na ewolucję temperatury i dynamikę ładowania w różnych warunkach pracy. Wyniki wskazują na nieliniową zależność między prądem ładowania a maksymalną temperaturą akumulatora, którą następnie uogólniono za pomocą uproszczonego podejścia do skalowania termicznego opartego na generowaniu ciepła Joule'a. Umożliwiło to sformułowanie praktycznych wytycznych inżynieryjnych dotyczących obniżania prądu w zależności od temperatury. Wyniki numeryczne zostały zweryfikowane eksperymentalnie w warunkach laboratoryjnych z kontrolowanymi warunkami ładowania i pomiarami termicznymi. Połączona analiza zapewnia bardziej ilościowe zrozumienie zależności między parametrami ładowania a reakcją termiczną, stanowiąc podstawę dla ulepszonego zarządzania temperaturą i strategii sterowania zorientowanych na bezpieczeństwo w systemach akumulatorów litowo-jonowych.

5

The concept of electromobility: the views of University students in Poland

Kochmańska Anna, Ober Józef, Sitinjak Charli

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2026

|

nr 2 (34)

208--218

EN

The phenomenon of electromobility is the subject of discussion among many diverse groups. Although its implementation in individual countries poses many challenges that must be addressed, among others, by electric car manufacturers and sellers (for example, in the form of developing technological solutions to increase the safety of electric cars or adapting recycling processes to specific technological solutions), the benefits it brings are measurable. Therefore, the main objective of the research conducted in this manuscript is to analyse the advantages and disadvantages of the concept of electromobility based on the opinions of university students in Poland. A total of 859 respondents were selected to participate in the study, including 488 men (56.81%), 353 women (41.09%), and 18 people who identified their gender as other (2.10%). The statistical calculations used included the Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman rank correlation, multidimensional cluster analysis, and Profit analysis. University students are sceptical about the concept of electromobility. They attach greater importance to the disadvantages of this concept (related to the high purchase cost of electric cars and their repairs). Among the advantages of electromobility, the most important (in the students' opinion) are technological progress, no need to purchase increasingly expensive fuel, and the low failure rate of electric cars.

6

Electric vehicle charging infrastructure in Poland and the European Union

Gąsiorek-Kowalewicz Anna, Wasilewski Wiesław, Worach Klaudia, Matthias Nattke

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

|

z. 229

121--146

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the current status and development of electric vehicle charging infrastructure in Poland, comparing it with the broader context of the European Union and to analyze its potential in reducing urban air pollution and contributing to the decarbonization of the transport sector. The article aims to present the progress in the field of electromobility by examining the number of charging stations and forecasting infrastructure development in Poland compared to the European Union. Design/methodology/approach: The paper employs a systematic review of the literature and a critical analysis of selected publications to identify the problem and research gap. Research questions were formulated to guide the study, and hypotheses were adopted based on existing data. The analysis includes both Polish and foreign literature, scientific articles, legal acts, websites focused on electromobility, and infrastructure aspects. The descriptive method is used to analyze and present the collected materials. Additionally, the paper reviews legal requirements for charging infrastructure, evaluates the current state of development in Poland and the EU, and presents technical specifications of typical publicly available charging stations. Findings: The findings indicate that Poland's electric vehicle charging infrastructure is underdeveloped compared to other EU countries, limiting its ability to achieve the climate goals associated with electromobility. There is a significant discrepancy between the growing number of electric vehicles and the insufficient development of charging stations. Despite national plans to increase the number of charging points, the existing infrastructure in Polish cities and along transportation routes remains inadequate. The study highlights the necessity for more strategic investments and legislative support to overcome these limitations and foster the adoption of electric vehicles. Research limitations/implications: The paper primarily relies on secondary data sources and existing literature, which may not capture real-time developments in electromobility infrastructure. Additionally, data discrepancies between different sources can affect the reliability of findings. Future research should incorporate more empirical data collection and field surveys to validate the conclusions drawn. Practical implications: The practical implications include recommendations for policymakers to focus on expanding the charging infrastructure, particularly fast charging stations, in urban and rural areas. The paper suggests that integrating charging systems with mobile applications for booking and payment can enhance user experience and adoption rates. It also emphasizes the importance of meeting EU standards and regulations to ensure efficient and widespread deployment of charging stations. Social implications: The social implications of the study underscore the need for reducing urban air pollution and addressing public health issues associated with vehicle emissions. The transition to electric vehicles can significantly improve air quality, reduce noise levels, and enhance the overall living conditions in cities. The paper stresses the importance of developing infrastructure that is accessible to all residents, promoting equitable growth and environmental sustainability. Originality/value: This paper contributes to the existing body of research by providing a comprehensive analysis of the development and future prospects of electric vehicle charging infrastructure in Poland, comparing it to the EU. It offers valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with electromobility, and proposes actionable strategies to accelerate the transition to low-emission transport. The study's originality lies in its critical evaluation of policies and infrastructure development plans, providing a foundation for further research in the field.

7

Cyberbezpieczeństwo infrastruktury elektroenergetycznej w dobie transformacji energetycznej

Gutowski Radosław

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

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2025

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R. 93, nr 10

18--24

PL

Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje kluczowy temat, jakim jest cyberbezpieczeństwo infrastruktury elektroenergetycznej w momencie rozpoczęcia transformacji energetycznej. Pojawienie się nowych obszarów elektroenergetyki takich jak elektromobilność i magazynowanie energii opartych na zaawansowanych rozwiązaniach półprzewodnikowych dużej mocy wyposażonych w zaawansowane systemy zarządzania energią stawia pytanie o suwerenność i bezpieczeństwo implementowanych rozwiązań. Kluczowe staje się zagadnienie prawidłowego zdefiniowania łańcucha dostaw produktów i rozwiązań systemowych w procesie tej transformacji. Kto będzie rzeczywistym beneficjentem środków pochodzących z polskich i europejskich podatków przeznaczonych na ten proces?

EN

This article addresses the key topic of cybersecurity of power infrastructure at the beginning of the energy transition. The emergence of new areas of power generation, such as electromobility and energy storage based on advanced high-power semiconductor solutions equipped with advanced energy management systems, raises questions about the sovereignty and security of implemented solutions. Properly defining the supply chain for products and system solutions in the process of this transition becomes crucial. Who will be the real beneficiary of funds from Polish and European taxes allocated to this process?

8

Evaluation of the total cost of charging electric vehicles through dedicated photovoltaic installations

Sendek-Matysiak Ewelina

Transport Problems

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2025

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T. 20, z. 2

59--71

EN

Currently, the share of BEVs (Battery Electric Vehicle) in the automotive market in Poland is relatively small - 0.1%. That is caused by a number of barriers; one of them being the undoubted fact that BEVs are exceptionally expensive. Electric Vehicle enthusiasts express the opinion that the cost is offset by reduced running costs, in particular in cases where the electricity is generated from a photovoltaic (PV) installation. This article determines the cost of charging a battery electric vehicle with an electricity generated from a domestic photovoltaic installation consisting of various numbers of modules. The optimal yield of electricity generated by PV was determined, and then the charging costs in the current conditions in Poland. It was assumed that the electricity produced would be used exclusively for BEV charging, with the surplus sold to the power grid. The analysis shows that even for the maximum number of photovoltaic modules which can be installed on the study area, in some months the battery electric vehicle charging costs will not be zero. The issue related to the cost of charging BEVs with PV - generated electricity in the Polish conditions has not yet been addressed in any scientific publication and its problems concerning the issues may provide a source of preliminary analysis for other countries.

9

A dynamic society-oriented total cost of ownership model for electric bus deployment

Urbanek Anna, Krawiec Krzysztof, Krawiec Stanisław, Czogalla Olaf

Transport Problems

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2025

|

T. 20, z. 2

211--221

EN

This paper presents a new methodology for calculating the total cost of ownership (TCO) for the deployment of battery-electric buses in public transportation. The model considers multiple parameters and their dynamics, complementing the existing body of knowledge on TCO models. The model integrates internal and external cost categories, accounting for cost dynamics over time and the allocation of these costs among different stakeholders, including public transport operators and local authorities. Unlike static models, our dynamic framework captures the evolution of costs throughout the project lifecycle by incorporating forecasted values for variables such as operational expenditures, energy prices, maintenance, and environmental costs. Furthermore, the model includes externalities such as emissions and noise pollution costs, which are often overlooked in traditional TCO assessments. Based on data obtained from public transport operators, we applied the TCO model to a real-life long-term conversion scenario in southern Poland. The main research findings emphasize the importance of operating and external costs in the overall TCO structure, with the latter accounting for up to 30% of the total TCO. Their inclusion in the model is crucial because they are typically not considered in TCO models.

10

Znaczenie i potencjał dekarbonizacji transportu w miastach

Kałużny Sebastian

Transport Miejski i Regionalny

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2025

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nr 2

3--7

PL

Transport zbiorowy w miastach obsługuje nawet około 40% potrzeb mobilnościowych, a ponieważ około 30% miejskich emisji gazów cieplarnianych pochodzi właśnie z transportu, kwestia dekarbonizacji transportu zbiorowego ma istotne znaczenie dla zrównoważonego rozwoju miast. Masowość transportu zbiorowego oraz postępująca tu w wyniku elektromobilności dekarbonizacja zwiększają znaczenie tego systemu w strategicznych działaniach na rzecz ochrony klimatu przez miasta. Badania naukowe pokazują wzrost znaczenia tej tematyki oraz jej praktyczne aspekty. W szczególności chodzi o wielopłaszczyznowe spojrzenie na kierunki dekarbonizacji oraz ich wpływ na konkurencyjność transportu zbiorowego, a także poszczególnych miast. Przegląd literatury oraz przeprowadzone badania własne potwierdzają, że jest to tematyka aktualna i o dużym potencjale teoretycznym oraz praktycznym.

EN

Urban public transport serves up to approximately 40% of mobility needs. Since around 30% of urban greenhouse gas emissions come from transport, the decarbonization of public transport is crucial for the sustainable development of cities. The mass nature of public transport and its ongoing decarbonization, driven by electromobility, increase the strategic importance of this system in urban climate protection efforts. Scientific research highlights the growing significance of this issue and its practical implications. In particular, a multidimensional perspective on decarbonization pathways and their impact on the competitiveness of public transport, as well as individual cities, is essential. A review of the literature and conducted research indicate that this is a highly relevant topic with significant theoretical and practical potential.

11

The Development of Electromobility in Sustainable Mobility Plans

Kłos Marcin Jacek, Sierpiński Grzegorz, Staniek Marcin

Safety & Defense

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2025

|

1

80--88

EN

This article discusses integrating electromobility into Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) to reduce environmental impact, enhance accessibility, and improve public and energy security. Increasing urban populations and rising motorization rates necessitate transitioning from conventional combustion-engine vehicles to more sustainable alternatives, such as electric public transport and charging infrastructure for private vehicles. The key elements of SUMPs include developing charging infrastructure for public and private transport, replacing traditional fleets with low and zero-emission vehicles, and designing efficient transport networks with ITS systems. In Poland, cities with over 50,000 inhabitants are required to achieve a 30% share of zero-emission or biomethane-powered buses by 2028, while cities with over 100,000 inhabitants will be mandated to purchase only zero-emission buses starting in 2026. Energy security plays a crucial role in the successful implementation of electromobility. Ensuring a stable energy supply, integrating renewable energy sources, and implementing smart grid solutions with demand management systems are essential to prevent grid overloads during peak demand periods. The deployment of energy storage systems and decentralized power sources will further enhance the resilience of the power infrastructure. The success of electromobility initiatives also depends on stakeholder engagement, public awareness campaigns, and financial incentives to promote the adoption of electric vehicles. SUMPs serve as strategic tools to achieve long-term sustainability and energy resilience in urban areas.

12

Comparison of Noise Emissions in Cars with Electric and Conventional Drive

Cebulska Wioletta, Hadryś Damian

Safety & Defense

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2025

|

1

18--25

EN

Currently, great importance is attached to the issue of environmental protection, also in the context of the impact of transport on the environment. Limited fossil resources, climate change and global warming are driving the automotive industry towards more efficient and sustainable solutions. These problems force car manufacturers to use new technologies and alternative driving systems. Examples of such vehicles include electric cars (EVs) and hybrid cars (HEVs or PHEVs). The impact of using these means of transport on the emission of pollutants other than exhaust gases is an important issue. An example of such emissions is noise. Conventionally powered cars produce noise from their combustion engines and exhaust systems. All vehicles, whether conventionally or alternatively powered, emit noise as a result of the interaction between the tires and the road surface, as well as the air flowing over the body (aerodynamic noise). Superficially, it seems that electric cars produce less noise. This article measures noise outside passing electric, conventional and hybrid vehicles. Measurements were taken at speeds of 20 km/h, 50 km/h, and 80 km/h, and the results were presented in graphical form. The aim of this research is to investigate whether vehicles with hybrid and electric drives produce less noise than those with conventional drives.

13

Elektromobilność - szansa czy zagrożenie dla transportu samochodowego?

Pawlos Waldemar

Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego

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2025

|

R. XIX

483--506

PL

Artykuł przedstawia zagadnienia związane z możliwościami wykorzystania paliw alternatywnych oraz ich znaczeniem dla światowego i europejskiego transportu samochodowego. W głównej mierze stanowi on odniesienie do uwarunkowań determinujących upowszechnianie elektromoblilności, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem tempa rozwoju oraz ograniczeń związanych z użytkowaniem pojazdów elektrycznych w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Szczegółowe analizy odnoszące się do danych z lat 2019–2024 dokonują jednoczesnego porównania ilości pojazdów i potencjału istniejącej infrastruktury technicznej do ładowania baterii w Polsce i krajach UE. Podsumowanie stanowi wskazanie kierunków możliwości rozwoju oraz przedstawienie głównych ograniczeń organizacyjnych i technicznych w zakresie stosowania elektromobilności.

EN

The article presents issues regarding the possibility of using alternative vehicles and their importance for global and European road transport. In its basic dimension, it is a reference to the conditions determining the use of electromobility, with particular emphasis on the pace of development and restrictions related to the use of electric vehicles in the European Union countries. Special data analysis comes from the years 2019–2024, making an intelligent device equivalent to the number of vehicles and providing infrastructure for charging batteries in Poland. The summary indicates the directions of development and presents the main organizational and technical limitations in the field of electromobility.

14

Czy strefy czystego transportu to dobry pomysł?

Makuch Jacek

Przegląd Komunikacyjny

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2025

|

R. 80, nr 11

15--20

PL

W artykule rozpoznano pewne negatywne aspekty rozwiązań polegających na tworzeniu w miastach różnego rodzaju stref. Zwrócono uwagę, że uciążliwość transportu nie ogranicza się jedynie do zanieczyszczenia powietrza, ale obejmuje również problemy związane z hałasem i terenochłonnością. Dokonano przeglądu pojazdów poruszających się po ulicach naszych miast pod względem poziomu generowanego hałasu. Zwrócono uwagę na nierzetelność przedstawianych niekiedy porównań zajętości terenu przez różnego rodzaju środki transportu. Zauważono problem „podrzucania” swoich spalin innym. Odniesiono się do zagadnień takich jak zrównoważony rozwój i elektromobilność oraz zjawisk takich jak moda i konsumpcjonizm. Zaproponowano pewne nowe rozwiązania. W podsumowaniu sformułowano wnioski z przeprowadzonych rozważań.

EN

This article identifies some of the negative aspects of solutions involving the creation of various types of zones in cities. It notes that the burden of transport is not limited to air pollution but also encompasses problems related to noise and land consumption. It reviews the noise levels of vehicles circulating on the streets of our cities. It highlights the unreliability of sometimes presented comparisons of land use by different types of transport. The problem of "throwing" one's exhaust fumes to others has been noticed. It addresses issues such as sustainable development and electromobility, as well as phenomena such as fashion and consumerism. Some new solutions are proposed. The conclusions drawn from the analysis are presented.

15

Current harmonic emission of on-board electric vehicle chargers

Chudy Aleksander

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

|

2025

|

R. 101, nr 1

132--135

EN

The case of study were 7 on-board EV chargers. The majority of current harmonics emission measurements during light-duty EVs charging took place in private garages of single-family houses in the Lublin Voivodeship between February and May 2022 and the remaining tests were carried out in Lublin University of Technology building and at the PGE Dystrybucja S.A. building in Lublin. The results show that 5 of the 7 EVs tested met the requirements of PN-EN 61000-3-2 and PN-EN 61000-3-12.

PL

Obiektem badań było 7 pokładowych ładowarek pojazdów elektrycznych. Większość pomiarów emisji harmonicznych prądu podczas ładowania samochodów elektrycznych przeprowadzono w prywatnych garażach domów jednorodzinnych w województwie lubelskim w okresie od lutego do maja 2022 r., a pozostałe testy przeprowadzono w budynku Politechniki Lubelskiej oraz przy budynku PGE Dystrybucja S.A. w Lublinie. Wyniki pokazują, że 5 z 7 badanych egzemplarzy pojazdów elektrycznych spełniło wymagania norm PN-EN 61000-3-2 i PN-EN 61000-3-12.

16

Badania wysokosprawnego dwukierunkowego izolowanego sprzęgu AC/DC o szerokim zakresie regulacji napięcia stałego

Koszel Mikołaj, Wolski Kornel, Grzejszczak Piotr

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2025

|

R. 101, nr 3

161--165

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano wybrane wyniki badań opracowanego dwukierunkowego sprzęgu pomiędzy niskonapięciową siecią trójfazową prądu przemiennego, a obwodem napięcia stałego o regulowanej wartości w szerokim zakresie. Przedstawiono przegląd możliwych podobnych rozwiązań z literatury w kontekście opracowanego układu, a następnie omówiono właściwości elektryczne sprzęgu o znamionowej mocy 25 kW na podstawie wyników badań eksperymentalnych. Przekształtnik jest przystosowany do pracy równoległej (zwiększenie mocy) i charakteryzuje się przemysłowymi standardami wykonania, przez co może być wykorzystany w aplikacjach OZE i elektromobilności.

EN

The article presents selected results of research on the developed bidirectional coupling between a low-voltage three-phase AC grid and a DC voltage circuit with galvanic isolation and the DC voltage value adjustable in a wide range. A review of possible similar solutions from the literature in the context of the developed system is presented, and then the electrical properties of the coupler with a nominal power of 25 kW are discussed, based on the results from the experimental research. The converter is suitable for parallel operation (power multiplication) and is characterized by industrial standards, which can be used in renewable energy and electromobility applications.

17

Opinie i perspektywy wykorzystania alternatywnych napędów samochodowych

Urbaś Miłosz, Topczewska Jadwiga

Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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2025

|

T. 29, nr 2

93--99

PL

Celem pracy było zbadanie opinii na temat alternatywnych źródeł napędu, w szczególności samochodów elektrycznych. W badaniu wykorzystano ankietę internetową, w której udział wzięło 167 respondentów, głównie osoby młode (18–24 lata) i aktywne zawodowo. Analiza wykazała, że 93% ankietowanych posiada własny pojazd, z czego 89% to samochody z silnikiem spalinowym. Pojazdy hybrydowe i elektryczne stanowią zaledwie 3,7%. Według respondentów, zalety samochodów elektrycznych to nowoczesna technologia (19,6%), ekologia (18,8%) oraz cicha i komfortowa jazda (18,8%). Wśród wad wskazywano niedostateczną liczbę stacji ładowania (21,5%), krótki zasięg (21,3%), problem utylizacji baterii (18,8%) oraz wysoką cenę zakupu (18,6%). Wyniki wskazują, że mimo rosnącej świadomości ekologicznej, decyzje konsumentów wciąż ograniczają czynniki praktyczne i ekonomiczne. Transformacja rynku motoryzacyjnego wymaga nie tylko rozwoju technologii, ale również zwiększenia dostępności infrastruktury i edukacji społeczeństwa w zakresie korzyści płynących z elektromobilności.

EN

The aim of the study was to examine opinions on alternative driving sources, particularly electric cars. The study used an online survey in which 167 respondents participated, mainly young people (age 18-24) who were professionally active. The analysis showed that 93% of the respondents owned a vehicle, 89% of which are cars with internal combustion engines. Hybrid and electric vehicles account for only 3.7%. According to the respondents, the advantages of electric cars include modern technology (19.6%), environmental friendliness (18.8%), and quiet and comfortable driving (18.8%). The disadvantages mentioned included an insufficient number of charging stations (21.5%), short range (21.3%), battery disposal issues (18.8%), and high purchase price (18.6%). The results indicate that, despite increasing environmental awareness, consumer decisions are still limited by practical and economic factors. Transformation of the automotive market requires not only technological development, but also increased infrastructure availability and public education on the benefits of electromobility

18

Evolution and challenges of sustainable public transport in medium-sized cities

Szczupak Leszek, Rącka Izabela, Buzu Olga

Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics

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2025

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Vol. 10, No. 1

6--16

EN

Public transport in medium-sized cities is crucial for ensuring the mobility of their inhabitants despite lower resources and population density. These cities struggle with increasing communication demands due to suburbanisation and changing demographics. Public transport must connect urban and suburban areas, providing access to services and jobs. The challenge is the decline in passenger numbers, partly due to the increasing popularity of individual transport. The paper aims to identify the conditions for the development of public transport in medium-sized cities in Poland and the conditions and challenges for its sustainable development. The research method used was a case study based on the example of Kalisz, a medium-sized Polish city in Greater Poland. As a result of the research conducted, the situation in the city was diagnosed, including a decline in the number of public transport passengers, and the actions taken and planned by the local government were analysed, such as the introduction of free public transport for residents, the modernisation of the bus fleet, including the purchase of electric vehicles, the integration of public transport with suburban areas.

19

Miasta ekologicznego transportu

Przygoda Michał

Energia i Recykling : gospodarka obiegu zamkniętego

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2025

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nr 1

PL

Rada Unii Europejskiej stawia twarde warunki na drodze do zeroemisyjności. Aby je spełnić, państwa wspólnoty, w tym Polska, muszą realizować kosztowną strategię elektromobilności. To wyzwanie dla samorządów, które stoją przed zadaniem zbudowania infrastruktury dla pojazdów elektrycznych i wymiany publicznego taboru.

20

Application of the life cycle assessment method in public bus transport

Folęga Piotr, Burchart Dorota, Kubik Andrzej, Turoń Katarzyna

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2025

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Vol. 27, no. 3

art. no. 204539

EN

This paper provides and comments upon the results of an in-house study of the greenhouse gas emissions generated over the life cycle of diesel-fuelled (DF) and electric buses (BEV) used by a chosen municipal transport company (MTC) operating in the urban area officially referred to as the Metropolis of Upper Silesia and Dąbrowa Basin (GZM). Based on real-life data obtained from the municipal transport company in question, comparative analyses of the relevant greenhouse gas (GHG) emission rates, established in line with the cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies, were conducted. The CBA methodology currently in use does not take several key environmental aspects into account in the calculations performed for purposes of carbon-neutral public bus transport, which is why the solution proposed in this paper entails using the LCA method to calculate GHG emissions with the aim to expand and add detail to the methodology employed when calculating climate change costs under cost-benefit analyses performed with an outlook extending to the year 2027.