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1

Super twisting sliding mode controller for multi-functional grid-connected inverter in photovoltaic system

Dehghani Mahla, Mardaneh Mohammad, Shafiei Mohammad Hossein, Hasanvand Saeed

Archives of Electrical Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 74, nr 1

105--125

EN

[1] Kabalcı E., Review on novel single-phase grid-connected solar inverters: Circuits and control methods, Solar Energy, vol. 198, pp. 247–274 (2020), DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2020.01.063. [2] Manoharan P. et al., Improved perturb and observation maximum power point tracking technique for solar photovoltaic power generation systems, IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 3024–3035 (2020), DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2020.3003255. [3] Abdel-Salam M., El-Mohandes M.T., Goda M., An improved perturb-and-observe based MPPT method for PV systems under varying irradiation levels, Solar Energy, vol. 171, pp. 547–561 (2018), DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2018.06.080. [4] Shang L., Guo H., Zhu W., An improved MPPT control strategy based on incremental conductance algorithm, Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 1–8 (2020), DOI: 10.1186/s41601-020-00161-z. [5] Singh P., Shukla N., Gaur P., Modified variable step incremental-conductance MPPT technique for photovoltaic system, International Journal of Information Technology, vol. 13, pp. 2483–2490 (2021), DOI: 10.1007/s41870-020-00450-8. [6] Harrison A., Alombah N.H., de Dieu Nguimfack Ndongmo J., A New Hybrid MPPT Based on Incremental Conductance-Integral Backstepping Controller Applied to a PV System under Fast Changing Operating Conditions, International Journal of Photoenergy, vol. 2023, no. 1, 9931481 (2023), DOI: 10.1155/2023/9931481. [7] Ali M.N., Mahmoud K., Lehtonen M., Darwish M.M., An efficient fuzzy-logic based variable step incremental conductance MPPT method for grid-connected PV systems, IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 26420–26430 (2021), DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3058052. [8] Mahmod Mohammad A.N., Mohd Radzi M.A., Azis N., Shafie S., Atiqi Mohd Zainuri M.A., An enhanced adaptive perturb and observe technique for efficient maximum power point tracking under partial shading conditions, Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 11, 3912 (2020), DOI: 10.3390/app10113912. [9] Guo B., Optimization design and control of single-stage single-phase PV inverters for MPPT improvement, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 13000–13016 (2020), DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2020.2990923. [10] Vairavasundaram I., Varadarajan V., Pavankumar P.J., Kanagavel R.K., Ravi L., Vairavasundaram S., A review on small power rating PV inverter topologies and smart PV inverters, Electronics, vol. 10, no. 11, 129 (2021), DOI: 10.3390/electronics10111296. [11] Kolantla D., Mikkili S., Pendem S.R., Desai A.A., Critical review on various inverter topologies for PV system architectures, IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 14, no. 17, pp. 3418–3438 (2020), DOI: 10.1049/iet-rpg.2020.0317. [12] Sahoo S.K., Sukchai S., Yanine F.F., Review and comparative study of single-stage inverters for a PV system, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 91, pp. 962–986 (2018), DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.04.063. [13] Elallali A., Abouloifa A., Lachkar I., Taghzaoui C., Giri F., Mchaouar Y., Nonlinear control of grid-connected PV systems using active power filter with three-phase three-level NPC inverter, IFAC PapersOnLine, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 61–66 (2022), DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.07.289. [14] Daravath R., Sandepudi S.R., Control of multifunctional inverter to improve power quality in grid-tied solar photo voltaic systems, International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 743–754 (2023), DOI: 10.1515/ijeeps-2022-0117. [15] Wang J., Sun K., Wu H., Zhang L., Zhu J., Xing Y., Quasi-two-stage multifunctional photovoltaic inverter with power quality control and enhanced conversion efficiency, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 7073–7085 (2019), DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2019.2956940. [16] Naamane D., Laid Z., Fateh M., Power quality improvement based on third-order sliding mode direct power control of microgrid-connected photovoltaic system with battery storage and nonlinear load, Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Electrical Engineering, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 1473–1490 (2023), DOI: 10.1007/s40998-023-00627-4. [17] Safa A., Berkouk E.M., Messlem Y., Gouichiche A., A robust control algorithm for a multifunctional grid tied inverter to enhance the power quality of a microgrid under unbalanced conditions, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 100, pp. 253–264 (2018), DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.02.042. [18] Dehkordi N.M., Sadati N., Hamzeh M., A robust backstepping high-order sliding mode control strategy for grid-connected DG units with harmonic/interharmonic current compensation capability, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 561–572 (2016), DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2016.2611383. [19] Utkin V.I., Sliding mode control design principles and applications to electric drives, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 23–36 (1993), DOI: 10.1109/41.184818. [20] Komurcugil H., Biricik S., Bayhan S., Zhang Z., Sliding mode control: Overview of its applications in power converters, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 40–49 (2020), DOI: 10.1109/MIE.2020.2986165. [21] Utkin V., Lee H., Chattering problem in sliding mode control systems, in International Workshop on Variable Structure Systems, VSS’06, IEEE, pp. 346–350 (2006), DOI: 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2007.08.001. [22] Levant A., Sliding order and sliding accuracy in sliding mode control, International Journal of Control, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 1247–1263 (1993), DOI: 10.1080/00207179308923053. [23] Ze K. et al., Design of super twisting sliding mode controller for a three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system under normal and abnormal conditions, Energies, vol. 13, no. 15, 3773 (2020), DOI: 10.3390/en13153773. [24] Lu J., Savaghebi M., Ghias A.M., Hou X., Guerrero J.M., A reduced-order generalized proportional integral observer-based resonant super-twisting sliding mode control for grid-connected power converters, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 68, no. 7, pp. 5897–5908 (2020), DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2020.2998745. [25] Gonzalez T., Moreno J.A., Fridman L., Variable gain super-twisting sliding mode control, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 57, no. 8, pp. 2100–2105 (2011), DOI: 10.1109/TAC.2011.2179878. [26] Shen X. et al., High-performance second-order sliding mode control for NPC converters, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 5345–5356 (2019), DOI: 10.1109/TII.2019.2960550. [27] Deffaf B., Hamoudi F., Debdouche N., Amor Y.A., Medjmadj S., Super-twisting Sliding Mode Control for a Multifunctional Double Stage Grid-connected Phoovoltaic System, Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol. 20, no. 3, 240 (2022), DOI: 10.15598/aeee.v20i3.4454. [28] Dehghani M., Mardaneh M., Shafiei M.H., Sliding mode control for load harmonics compensation and PV voltage regulation in a grid-tied inverter through a single-stage MPPT, in 2020 IEEE 28th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), Tabriz, Iran, pp. 1–6 (2020), DOI: 10.1109/ICEE50131.2020.9260854. [29] Cortajarena J.A., Barambones O., Alkorta P., Cortajarena J., Sliding mode control of an active power filter with photovoltaic maximum power tracking, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 110, pp. 747–758 (2019), DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.03.070. [30] Del Pizzo A., Di Noia L.P., Meo S., Super twisting sliding mode control of smart-inverters gridconnected for PV applications, in 2017 IEEE 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), pp. 793–796 (2017), DOI: 10.1109/ICRERA.2017.8191168. [31] Levant A., Higher-order sliding modes, differentiation and output-feedback control, International Journal of Control, vol. 76, no. 9–10, pp. 924–941 (2003), DOI: 10.1080/0020717031000099029. [32] Barth A., Reichhartinger M., Reger J., Horn M., Wulff K., Lyapunov-design for a super-twisting sliding-mode controller using the certainty-equivalence principle, IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 48, no. 11, pp. 860–865 (2015), DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.09.298.

2

Autokonsumpcja i samowystarczalność w aspekcie doboru wielkości magazynu energii prosumenckiej mikroinstalacji fotowoltaicznej

Sarniak Mariusz

Rynek Energii

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2024

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Nr 1

3--9

PL

Przedmiotem badań była typowa prosumencka mikroinstalacja fotowotaiczna (PV) o całkowitej mocy szczytowej 4,26 kWp, dołączona do sieci elektroenergetycznej w centralnej Polsce. Instalacja została zbudowana w 2017 roku i jest rozliczana z operatorem sieci dystrybucyjnej na zasadach Net-Meteringu. W pracy dokonano szczegółowej analizy stopnia autokonsumpcji i samowystarczalnośći energetycznej na podstawie danych z monitoringu instalacji PV oraz godzinowych bilansów energii elektrycznej oddawanej i pobieranej z sieci, udostępnianych przez operatora sieci dystrybucyjnej. W konkluzji zaproponowano wariantową metodę doboru wielkości magazynu energii elektrycznej, który zwiększy stopień autokonsumpcji i samowystarczalnośći energetycznej w bilansie całorocznym dla rozpatrywanego przypadku.

EN

The subject of the study was a typical prosumer photovoltaic (PV) micro-installation with a total peak capacity of 4.26 kWp, connected to the electricity grid in central Poland. The installation was built in 2017 and is billed to the distribution network operator on a Net-Metering basis. The paper makes a detailed analysis of the degree of self-consumption and self-sufﬁciency in energy, based on monitoring data of the PV installation and hourly balances of electricity given to and taken from the grid, provided by the distribution network operator. It concludes by proposing a variant method for Sizing electricity storage that will increase the degree of autoconsumption and energy self-sufﬁciency in the year-round balance for the case under consideration.

3

Performance of the Heat Pump and Photovoltaic Systems Installed in the Single-family House

Dębska Luiza, Honus Stanislav, Dębek Lidia, Nowak Aleksandra

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2024

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Tom 26

74--83

EN

Renewable energy sources are increasingly common in Poland, and a growing number of single-family houses are now equipped with such systems. The article presents the study of the performance of the heat pump and the photovoltaic system installed in a house in the Swietokrzyskie Province near the city of Kielce. The data related to thermal and electrical energy generation throughout three years has been analysed with a focus on the advantages offered by such systems in the climate conditions of Central Poland. It turned out that 2022 was the best year for electricity production because it exceeded the value of 8000 kWh, and in the winter period from November to February, energy production balances at 200-300 kWh, which proves the high efficiency of panels for electricity production even in unfavourable climatic conditions. The heat pump generates the smallest energy production to heat the house in the summer, while in the winter, this production increases intensively due to the heating season in Poland. These are values from 1500 kWh to values above 3000 kWh. Similarly, in the case of domestic hot water, these values are higher in winter than in summer. Additionally, the work includes electricity consumption before and after the installation of renewable energy sources. Simplified economic analysis has also been presented in the paper. The simple payback period is estimated at approximately 9 years.

4

A Tri-port DC-DC Converter for Bifacial PV Panels Coupled with Energy Storage

Sahu Preeti Kumari, Sivakrishna Karpana, Batzelis Efstratios I., Chakraborty Chandan, Roy J. N.

Power Electronics and Drives

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2024

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Vol. 9 (44)

428--445

EN

The power output of photovoltaic (PV) systems, especially bifacial modules, varies due to daily fluctuations in irradiance and temperature. Maximising the efficiency and power extraction are considered crucial. Hybrid DC off-grid topologies are highly promising for rural electrification with solar energy and battery backup. These systems, tailored for household appliance use, feature low semiconductor count, continuous current ports for PV, battery and DC loads, low-voltage levels for PV and battery, voltage regulation for DC loads, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), proper battery charging and discharging, high-voltage boosting without lowfrequency transformers and reduced power converter stages. However, the existing schemes often lack the above-mentioned critical features. Hence, this paper proposes a novel three-switch tri-port converter with integrated energy storage for stand-alone bifacial PV applications, with modelling and experimental validation. The battery serves as an energy storage component, regulating the DC link voltage for consistency. This paper underscores PV system power optimisation and introduces a novel tri-port converter for stand-alone bifacial PV setups, emphasising energy storage’s role in voltage regulation.

5

A new improved of incorporating photovoltaic energy into the production of green hydrogen

Benchenina Yacine, Zemmit Abderrahim, Bouzaki Mohammed Moustafa, Belhouchet Khaled

Diagnostyka

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2024

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Vol. 25, No. 2

art. no. 2024210

EN

The integration of renewable energies, particularly photovoltaic energy, into green hydrogen production presents a highly promising prospect in the energy sector. Nonetheless, these energy sources face challenges due to their inherent instability and susceptibility to various atmospheric factors such as temperature and illumination. Therefore, it's imperative to tackle these challenges before renewable energy can be widely adopted as a primary source in hydrogen production. To address this, we propose constructing an autonomous photovoltaic system using MATLAB software. This system will employ a DC-DC boost converter to connect the PV array to the load. Furthermore, to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation, we will implement the perturbation and observation maximum power point tracking (MPPT) approach. The research endeavor extends towards integrating this optimized system with an electrolysers developed a sophisticated electrolyte model utilizing MATLAB Simulink software, paving the way for hydrogen gas production.

6

The selection of an electric vehicle for the existing photovoltaic system - case study in Polish climatic conditions

Małek Arkadiusz, Marciniak Andrzej, Bartnik Grzegorz

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2024

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Vol. 103, nr 1

38--56

EN

The article presents an algorithm for selecting an electric vehicle for your photovoltaic system. Generating electricity by distributed photovoltaic systems is a very visible trend across Europe. Individual and institutional owners are looking for opportunities to save large amounts of money spent on the purchase of electricity. Many times they have built a photovoltaic system larger than their current energy needs. The author suggests a solution to increase the energy produced for own needs instead of giving it to the power grid at unfavourable prices. Such a solution is the purchase of an electric vehicle that will be charged with surplus energy. Research on the selection of a vehicle for a photovoltaic system should start with a precise profile of the current energy consumption from the power grid, energy production from the photovoltaic system and transferring its excess to the power grid. The next step is to characterise the potential electric vehicle. Such characteristics include the determination of the energy capacity of the traction battery and the methods of its charging. The final stage is the analytical confirmation of the choice made. For this purpose, the Metalog family of distributions was used to determine the probability of generating the appropriate hourly amount of energy needed to charge an electric vehicle.

7

Maximum power point tracking controller for photovoltaic system based on chaos quantum particle swarm optimization – moth-flame optimization hybrid model

Wang Zili, Yuan Weilu

Archives of Electrical Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 73, nr 3

663--680

EN

To convert photovoltaic arrays to solar energy in a more efficient way, this paper has proposed a maximum power point tracking controller model based on the chaotic quantum particle swarm-mothballing hybrid algorithm. First, the optimization of the particle swarm algorithm is designed to solve defects, such as premature maturity by using the quantum and chaotic strategies. The mothballing algorithm is introduced to help the model find global optimization-seeking more quickly. After that, further optimization was made to operate the tracking model in both offline and real-time parameters. The conductivity increment method and the perturbation observation method were adopted to effectively track the model under different temperatures and light intensities. Finally, the simulation and analysis experiments were carried out on the Simulink platform. The study’s proposed maximum power point tracking controller achieved a steady-state accuracy η2 of 99.84%. In summary, the study has proposed a hybrid intelligent algorithm with extraction of internal parameters. The maximum power point tracker based on the proposed method is proved to be both effective and accurate.

8

Zastosowanie algorytmu MPPT wykorzystującego sztuczne sieci neuronowe do optymalizacji pracy systemu fotowoltaicznego

Borkowski Bartłomiej, Mączka Tadeusz, Szulc Piotr, Tietze Tomasz

Rynek Energii

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2023

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Nr 6

59--65

PL

W artykule przedstawiono algorytm optymalizacyjny wykorzystujący sztuczne sieci neuronowe (ANN) do śledzenia maksymalnego punktu mocy (ang. Maximum Power Point) dla systemu (siłowni) PV o mocy 100 kWp podłączonej do dystrybucyjnej sieci zasilającej. Efektywność pracy opracowanego algorytmu MPPT (ang. Maximum Power Point Tracking) porównano z powszechnie opisywanymi w literaturze algorytmami śledzenia maksymalnego punktu pracy systemów fotowoltaicznych takimi jak metoda zaburzania i obserwacji (ang.Perturbation and observe method) oraz metoda przyrostów przewodności (ang. Conductance incremental method). Dla nowoczesnych, dużych systemów fotowoltaicznych, zagadnienie maksymalizacji wytwarzania energii dla różnych zmiennych warunków pogodowych (natężenie promieniowania słonecznego, temperatura paneli fotowoltaicznych) jest bardzo istotne. Na podstawie analizy otrzymanych wyników z symulacji stwierdzono , że metoda MPPT ANN wykorzystująca sztuczne sieci neuronowe pozwala uzyskać wyższą wartość aktualnej mocy elektrycznej wytworzonej z badanego systemu PV i oddawanej do sieci elektroenergetycznej w porównaniu z innymi popularnymi metodami.

EN

The article presents an optimization algorithm using artificial neural networks (ANN) to track the maximum power point for a 100 kWp PV system connected to the distribution power grid. The efficiency of the developed MPPT algorithm was compared with algorithms commonly described in the literature for tracking the maximum operating point of photovoltaic systems, such as the disturbance and observation method and the conductivity increment method. For modern, large photovoltaic systems, the issue of maximizing energy production for various variable weather conditions (irradiation, temperature of photovoltaic panels) is very important. Based on the analysis of the obtained simulation results, it was found that the MPPT ANN method based on artiﬁcial neural networks allows to obtain a higher value of the current electrical power generated from the tested PV system and transfered to the power grid compared to other popular methods.

9

Energy-efficient self-excited brushless dc motor for refrigeration systems

Slimene Marwa Ben

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2023

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R. 99, nr 10

73--76

EN

The most common air cooling, ventilation, and refrigerating systems are traditional mechanical compression air-conditioning systems. By replacing the AC motor with a DC one and adding a solar panel, the system's efficiency can be improved, lowering energy usage and the cost of electricity bills. The dc air conditioner employed a 48 V DC compressor and two 430 W solar panels linked in parallel by a charge controller. Temperature was coded to track and manage the DC compressor's switching states. From this standpoint, we will start this paper through which we seek to raise the efficiency of air-conditioning system and reduce its consumption of electrical energy. This work aids in the development of a solarpowered DC air cooling system with dependable monitoring and communication. The novelty of the proposed work consists in the replacement the AC motor with a DC one and adding a solar panel, the system's efficiency can be improved, lowering energy usage and the cost of electricity bills. The dc air conditioner employed a 48 V DC compressor and two 430 W solar panels linked in parallel by a charge controller. The solution of the problem was carried out by the development of a solar-powered DC air cooling system with dependable monitoring and communication using Matlab software. The efficiency of the system's operation is improved and increased by using the monitoring and control of the refrigerator. The refrigerator's power was turned off when an open, bare, or over laden unit was discovered. It is possible to directly power low power devices used in homes, offices, hospitals, etc. utilizing DC sources. Reviewing the simulation results for cooling requirements and PV with batteries revealed that most of them were unrealistic due to a dearth of pertinent data and ensuing assumptions about crucial elements.

PL

Najbardziej powszechnymi systemami chłodzenia powietrza, wentylacji i chłodzenia są tradycyjne mechaniczne systemy klimatyzacji sprężonej. Zastępując silnik prądu przemiennego silnikiem prądu stałego i dodając panel słoneczny, można poprawić wydajność systemu, obniżając zużycie energii i koszty rachunków za prąd. Klimatyzator prądu stałego wykorzystywał sprężarkę 48 V prądu stałego i dwa panele słoneczne o mocy 430 W połączone równolegle za pomocą kontrolera ładowania. Temperatura została zakodowana w celu śledzenia i zarządzania stanami przełączania sprężarki prądu stałego. Z tego punktu widzenia rozpoczniemy niniejszy artykuł, poprzez który będziemy dążyć do podniesienia sprawności układu klimatyzacji i zmniejszenia zużycia przez nią energii elektrycznej. Ta praca pomaga w opracowaniu systemu chłodzenia powietrza DC zasilanego energią słoneczną z niezawodnym monitorowaniem i komunikacją. Nowość proponowanej pracy polega na wymianie silnika prądu przemiennego na silnik prądu stałego oraz dodaniu panelu słonecznego, dzięki czemu można poprawić wydajność systemu, obniżyć zużycie energii i koszty rachunków za prąd. Klimatyzator prądu stałego wykorzystywał sprężarkę 48 V prądu stałego i dwa panele słoneczne o mocy 430 W połączone równolegle za pomocą kontrolera ładowania. Rozwiązanie problemu polegało na opracowaniu systemu chłodzenia powietrza DC zasilanego energią słoneczną z niezawodnym monitorowaniem i komunikacją za pomocą oprogramowania Matlab. Efektywność pracy systemu poprawia się i zwiększa poprzez zastosowanie monitoringu i sterowania lodówką. Zasilanie lodówki zostało wyłączone po wykryciu otwartej, pustej lub przeładowanej jednostki. Możliwe jest bezpośrednie zasilanie urządzeń małej mocy stosowanych w domach, biurach, szpitalach itp. z wykorzystaniem źródeł prądu stałego. Przegląd wyników symulacji wymagań dotyczących chłodzenia i PV z akumulatorami wykazał, że większość z nich była nierealistyczna ze względu na brak odpowiednich danych i wynikających z nich założeń dotyczących kluczowych elementów.

10

Detection and classification of photovoltaic system faults using neural network

Moulay Aicha, Benslimane Tarak, Abdelkhalek Othmane, Koussa Khaled

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2023

|

R. 99, nr 11

157--162

EN

With the growth of solar energy plants and their importance in the world, a fault diagnosis of photovoltaic systems has become an essential task to perform in order to protect the user and PV system components, in addition to increasing energy productivity. This paper presents an efficient neural network method for detecting and classifying different faults in PV system. These faults can occur in a PV array or boost converter. A simple feed forward neural network feed with meteorological parameters (Irradiance and Temperature) together with electrical data (Voltage and Current) has proven its effectiveness to identify common faults in PV system with very high accuracy. This is done by simulation in the Matlab Simulink environment.

PL

Wraz z rozwojem elektrowni słonecznych i ich znaczeniem na świecie, diagnostyka usterek systemów fotowoltaicznych stała się podstawowym zadaniem do wykonania w celu ochrony użytkownika i komponentów systemu PV, a także zwiększenia wydajności energetycznej. W artykule przedstawiono wydajną metodę sieci neuronowych do wykrywania i klasyfikacji różnych uszkodzeń w systemie PV. Te usterki mogą wystąpić w panelu fotowoltaicznym lub przetwornicy podwyższającej napięcie. Proste zasilanie sieci neuronowej ze sprzężeniem zwrotnym z parametrami meteorologicznymi (natężenie promieniowania i temperatura) wraz z danymi elektrycznymi (napięcie i prąd) dowiodło swojej skuteczności w identyfikowaniu typowych usterek w systemie fotowoltaicznym z bardzo dużą dokładnością. Odbywa się to poprzez symulację w środowisku Matlab Simulink.

11

Design PV power system: a case between two different types of solar modules

Hamoodi Ali Nathim, Ibrahim Waseem Khalid, Ebrahem Aseel Thamer

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2023

|

R. 99, nr 2

310--313

EN

A photovoltaic (PV) is a technical terminology that is used to generate electricity from sunlight. Solar energy is one of the solutions for solving the electricity needs in any area. Designing a grid-tie PV system based on real data is very important to utilize a great system. The case study was taken on a national thermal power corporation (NTPC) that lies at Gomti Nager in India. In this work, Newzealand mathematical calculation method is used to design a PV system and a comparison between conventional PV systems and nano PV systems is made. It has been concluded that the nano-PV system cost was lesser than the conventional PV system.

PL

Fotowoltaika (PV) to terminologia techniczna używana do wytwarzania energii elektrycznej ze światła słonecznego. Energia słoneczna jest jednym z rozwiązań pozwalających na zaspokojenie zapotrzebowania na energię elektryczną w dowolnym obszarze. Projektowanie sieciowego systemu fotowoltaicznego opartego na rzeczywistych danych jest bardzo ważne, aby wykorzystać świetny system. Studium przypadku dotyczyło krajowej korporacji energetycznej (NTPC), która znajduje się w Gomti Nager w Indiach. W tej pracy do zaprojektowania systemu fotowoltaicznego zastosowano matematyczną metodę obliczeń Newzealand i dokonano porównania między konwencjonalnymi systemami fotowoltaicznymi a nano systemami fotowoltaicznymi. Stwierdzono, że koszt systemu nano-PV był niższy niż w przypadku konwencjonalnego systemu PV.

12

Analysing the performance of H5 inverters in a photovoltaic system

Mohd Mokhtar Sanusi Bin Mohd, Bakar Mohd Shafie, Jadin Mohd. Shawal

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2023

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R. 99, nr 10

48--50

EN

In this paper, a simulation study on H5 topology is presented. H5 topology is a commonly used inverter in photovoltaic (PV) systems because it is cost-effective, simple, and highly efficient. The study compares the performance of H4 topology, H5 topology, and an improved version of H5 topology in terms of leakage current. The power device was subjected to Unipolar Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique to determine the overall operation within a switching frequency range of 2 kHz to 20 kHz. The input system utilized a PV Matlab/Simulink model that specified a maximum power of 213.15 Watt and Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) of 36.3 V. The improved H5 topology demonstrated a significant reduction in leakage current, measuring 0.015 A compared to the conventional H5 topology's 0.02 A.

XX

W artykule przedstawiono badanie symulacyjne topologii H5. Topologia H5 jest powszechnie stosowanym falownikiem w systemach fotowoltaicznych (PV), ponieważ jest opłacalna, prosta i wysoce wydajna. Badanie porównuje wydajność topologii H4, topologii H5 i ulepszonej wersji topologii H5 pod względem prądu upływu. Urządzenie zasilające zostało poddane technice jednobiegunowej sinusoidalnej modulacji szerokości impulsu (SPWM) w celu określenia ogólnej pracy w zakresie częstotliwości przełączania od 2 kHz do 20 kHz. System wejściowy wykorzystywał model PV Matlab/Simulink, który określał maksymalną moc 213,15 W i napięcie obwodu otwartego (Voc) 36,3 V. Ulepszona topologia H5 wykazała znaczne zmniejszenie prądu upływu, mierząc 0,015 A w porównaniu z konwencjonalną topologią H5 0,02A.

13

Analiza porównawcza systemów fotowoltaicznych w aspektach kryteriów technicznych i architektonicznych z wykorzystaniem analizy wielokryterialnej MCE

Posuniak Yaryna, Rogalska Magdalena

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 1-2

83--87

PL

W artykule poddano analizie zastosowanie systemów fotowoltaicznych w budynku jednorodzinnym. Analizowano dwa systemy fotowoltaiczne: panele fotowoltaiczne i dachówki solarne. Przeprowadzono wielokryterialną analizę porównawczą w aspektach kryteriów: wiatroodporności, obciążenia śniegiem, wytrzymałości termicznej, możliwości zdalnego sterowania, uniwersalności rozwiązania, kosztu instalacji, kosztu utrzymania w cyklu życia zastosowanej technologii, gwarancji na elementy systemu (zapewnienie producenta o sprawności systemu oraz gwarancji wykonania bezpłatnych napraw), estetyczności, ekologiczności. Opracowano metodykę badań. Wybrano kryteria, nadano im wagi, porównano kryteria parami, wykonano aplikację obliczeniową w programie EXCEL,prawidłowość obliczeń zweryfikowano obliczoną wartością współczynnika RI (RI = 9,68% max= 10%). Badaniom wielokryterialnym poddano zaprojektowany budynek jednorodzinny z zastosowaniem dwóch rodzajów systemów fotowoltaicznych. Wykonano analizę wielokryterialną, na podstawie, której sformułowano wnioski.

EN

The article analyzes the use of photovoltaic systems in a single-family building. Two photovoltaic systems were analyzed: photovoltaic panels and solar roof tiles. A multi-criteria comparative analysis was carried out in the following aspects of the criteria: wind resistance, snow load, thermal resistance, remote control capability, universality of the solution, cost of installation, cost of maintenance in the life cycle of the technology used, warranty for system components (the manufacturer’s assurance of the system’s efficiency and guarantee of the performance of free repairs), aesthetics, eco-friendliness. Research methodology was developed. Criteria were selected, given weights, criteria were compared in pairs, a calculation application was made in the EXCEL program, the correctness of the calculations was verified by the calculated value of the RI coefficient (RI = 9,68%max= 10%). The designed single-family building with the use of two types of photovoltaic systems was subjected to multi-criteria tests. A multi-criteria analysis was performed, on the basis of which conclusions were formulated.

14

A new approach to water cooling of photovoltaic panels with a tracking system

Płachta Kamil, Mroczka Janusz, Ostrowski Mariusz

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2023

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Vol. 30, nr 4

675--687

EN

The article presents a water-cooling system for photovoltaic (PV) modules using a two-axis tracking system that tracks the apparent position of the Sun on the celestial sphere. The cooling system consists of 150 adjustable spray nozzles that cool the bottom layer of PV modules. The refrigerant is water taken from a tank with a capacity of 7 m3. A water recovery system reduces its consumption with efficiency of approximately 90%. The experimental setup consists of a full-size photovoltaic installation made of 10 modules with an output power of 3.5 kWp combined with a tracking system. The article presents an analysis of the cooling system efficiency in various meteorological conditions. Measurements of energy production were performed in the annual cycle using three different types of photovoltaic installations: stationary, two-axis tracking system and two-axis tracking system combined with the cooling system.

15

Environmental Impacts of the Solar Photovoltaic Systems in the Context of Globalization

Abid Mohammed Kadhem, Kumar M. Vinay, Raj V. Arun, Dhas M. Davidson Kamala

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 2

231--240

EN

Solar photovoltaics systems (PV) deliver substantial benefits to the environmental when compared with the conventional energy sources, hence supporting to the human activities ecological benefits with sustainable development. To maintain the quality of the environment at the same time, technological innovations are very much essential to cater the needs of more electrical power according to the demand, decreasing carbon emission by replacing the carbon releasing fossil fuels with the renewable energy. Installation of such facilities require lakhs acres of land globally and thus leads to number of various ecological issues. This paper presents the insight to various environmental issues. Some of the issues are with respect to land, health of human beings, animals, plant lives and environment are presented in this paper. In terms of numbers, the area of land required for a PV system is less or same per kWh power generated, when compared with a thermal power station. Deforestation for installation of solar PV systems is one of the major drawback as it leads to enormous environmental impacts. This paper analyses effects on the environment due to the usage of solar PV systems like, at the time of construction, installation and also at the time of destruction, sound and visual incursions, air, water and soil pollution, emission of greenhouse gases, effects on archaeological sites accidents to unskilled labor, and various socio-economic impacts. Subsequently, reduction in greenhouse effect, carbon footprints, global warming, ozone layer depletion, climate change and acid rains are some of the positive impacts during transition to green energy, i.e., usage of fuels from fossil fuels to solar energy at regional level, national level and global level. This paper outlines the pros and cons, positive and negative environmental impacts, by using solar PV systems to generate electrical power.

16

Study and analysis of the propagation of harmonics in electrical grid connected photovoltaic system

Djeghader Yacine, Boumous Samira, Boumous Zouhir

Diagnostyka

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2023

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Vol. 24, No. 2

art. no. 2023210

EN

Renewable energy sources especially solar energy connected to an electrical grid system by using power electronic devices, known that devices degrade the power quality and especially generate harmonic currents. This article presents the study investigation and propagation of harmonics in the integration system of an electric grid connected to the photovoltaic system in the presence or not of a non-linear load (polluting load). In this study, the perturb and observe type MPPT controller for the boost converter and the PWM control for the three-phase inverter which provides the connection are used. We use a passive filtering technique (single and multiple filters) to mitigate the harmonic currents generated by the non-linear load. In the first case where the integration system is alone, the results obtained show that the values of the total harmonic distortion (THD) rates are within the standard used. But in the case of the presence of the non-linear load, the THD values are higher than the used norm. After using our proposed technique, the values of THD obtained are in the norm used for the application of a tuned filter at the fifth harmonic, and better results find with using of multiple filters (fifth and seventh).

17

Fault detection and diagnosis of photovoltaic system based on neural networks approach

Rahmoune Ben Mohamed, Iratni Abdelhamid, Amari Amel Sabrine, Hafaifa Ahmed, Colak Ilhami

Diagnostyka

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2023

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Vol. 24, No. 3

art. no. 2023303

EN

Solar energy has become one of the most important renewable energies in the world. With the increasing installation of power plants in the world, the supervision and diagnosis of photovoltaic systems have become an important challenge with the increased occurrence of various internal and external faults. Indeed, this work proposes a new solar power plant diagnosis based on the artificial neural network approach. The developed model was to improve the performance and reliability of the power plant located in Tamanrasset, Algeria, which is subjected to varying weather conditions in terms of radiation and ambient temperature. By using the real data collected from the studied system, this approach allow to increase electricity production and address any issues that may arise quickly, ensuring uninterrupted power supply for the region. Neural networks have shown interesting results with high accuracy. This fault diagnosis approach allows to determine the time of occurrence of a fault affecting the examined PV system. Also, allow an early detection of failures and degradation of the system, which contributes to improving the productivity of this photovoltaic installation. With a significant reduction in the time needed to repair the damage caused by these faults and improve the reliability and continuity of the electrical energy production service.

18

Selection of the photovoltaic system power for the electric vehicle

Małek Arkadiusz, Marciniak Andrzej

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2023

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Vol. 100, nr 2

44--61

EN

The article presents a method of a photovoltaic system power selecting for proper electric vehicle. At the beginning, the characteristics of the electric vehicle itself and its traction batteries were made in order to determine the method of its charging. In the presented studies, measurement data from the operation of real photovoltaic systems was recorded and processed. The algorithm used includes examining the energy consumption profile of the owner's residential building. The combined demand for electricity of the electric vehicle and the building made it possible to determine the planned photovoltaic system. The authors presented three possibilities of its location. It can be installed on the roof of the building, on the ground next to the building or on the carport under which an electric vehicle can be parked. Finally, the Metalog family of probability distributions was used to analytically validate the power choice of the photovoltaic system. The authors have developed an algorithm using human and artificial intelligence that helps to properly select the power of the photovoltaic system for the vehicle.

19

Selection of floating photovoltaic system considering strong sustainability paradigm using SSP-COPRAS method

Bączkiewicz Aleksandra, Wątróbski Jarosław

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2023

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Vol. 35

901--905

EN

This paper presents research involving the selection of floating photovoltaics (FPV) system constructions under Polish conditions using a multi-criteria method incorporating criteria compensation reduction following the strong sustainability paradigm. The applied method is called SSP-COPRAS (Strong Sustainability based Complex Proportional Assessment). The selection was carried out among four FPV designs and one reference conventional ground-mounted PV (GMPV) system. Data were obtained from the reference research paper. The results proved that the FPV system has a noticeable potential for making it competitive with GMPV, especially when technical criteria and criteria compensation reduction play an important role. However, GMPV's higher ratings, especially in terms of economics, show that FPV would have to reach a higher product maturity to become realistically competitive.

20

Performance comparison of the off-grid photovoltaic mini-system designed to power selected residential building circuits using agm and Li-Ion batteries for energy storage

Sarniak Mariusz

Rynek Energii

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2022

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Nr 4

46--55

EN

The paper presents the original design of the Off-Grid PV mini-system for powering separate circuits of the residential building. The PV system was used interchangeably for comparative purposes batteries AGM and Li-Ion for energy storage. The PV system provides autonomy to separate building circuits only in the summer months, for Li-Ion energy storage, at the installation location in central Poland. An automatic power switch was used, which turned on the mains supply in the event the battery was discharged. The controller is configured in two ways for priority for solar systems set in summer or priority for the power grid in winter. The next stage of work compares the discharge times of two types of batteries, assuming constant load on the AC side of the inverter. Based on these measurements, the relative autonomy times of the PV system were estimated for the assumed load with different types of batteries in summer and winter. The time of supplying selected circuits of a residential building in the tests conducted for the Li-Ion battery to the AGM battery increased by approx. 50% and increased with increasing load.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono autorski projekt minisystemu fotowoltaicznego Off-Grid do zasilania wydzielonych obwodów budynku mieszkalnego. W systemie PV zastosowano zamiennie w celach porównawczych akumulatory AGM i Li-Ion do magazynowania energii. System PV zapewnia autonomię wydzielonych obwodów budynku tylko w miesiącach letnich, tylko dla zasobnika energii Li-Ion, w miejscu instalacji w centralnej Polsce. Zastosowano automatyczny wyłącznik zasilania, który włącza zasilanie sieciowe w przypadku rozładowania akumulatora. Sterownik jest skonfigurowany na dwa sposoby priorytet dla instalacji solarnych ustawiony w lecie lub priorytet dla sieci energetycznej w zimie. W kolejnym etapie prac przedstawiono porównanie czasów rozładowania dwóch typów akumulatorów, przy założeniu stałego obciążenia po stronie AC falownika. Na podstawie tych pomiarów oszacowano względne czasy autonomii systemu PV dla założonego obciążenia z różnymi typami akumulatorów w okresie letnim i zimowym. Czas zasilania wybranych obwodów budynku mieszkalnego w przeprowadzonych testach dla akumulatora Li-Ion w stosunku do akumulatora AGM wzrósł o ok. 50% i zwiększał się wraz ze wzrostem obciążenia.