Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Evaluation of Hydrophilic-Coated Ceramic Membranes for Cost-Effective Treatment of Dye-Contaminated Wastewater

Subburaj Usha, Jeykumar R. K. C.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2026

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Vol. 52, no. 2

3--12

EN

Rapid urbanization and the Industrial Revolution have resulted in large quantity of wastewater generation. Therefore, there is a need to explore sustainable options to treat and reuse it. This study investigates the removal of Texas dye, an industrial waste, from an aqueous solution using a cost-effective ceramic membrane. The ceramic membrane is manufactured using a mixture of 63 wt% bentonite, 3 wt% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), 2 wt% calcium carbonate, and 32 wt% quartz, and is fabricated using the hydraulic pressing method followed by sintering. The structural and morphological properties of the manufactured membrane are characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Experiments are conducted using a synthetic dye solution with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L, under a constant operating pressure of 1 psi and a hydraulic retention time of 60 minutes. A novel hydrophilic surface modification is applied using Moringa oleifera leaf extract and silver nitrate solution. The modified membrane exhibits an improved permeability of 54.4% and an average pore size of 50 nm. The ceramic membrane shows promising removal efficiency of Texas dye. Reusability tests of the manufactured membrane demonstrate stable membrane performance over five continuous filtration cycles. The membranes are cleaned by backwashing, and removal tests are conducted for further nine cycles. The membrane maintains high removal efficiency of Texas dye, as measured in chemical oxygen demand (COD), as well as hardness, during the first five cycles. This research highlights the potential of ceramic membranes for efficient, low-pressure dye removal and wastewater treatment, with enhanced durability and reusability.

2

Sonication and electrooxidation for municipal wastewater primary sewage sludge stabilization

Del Río-Galván Cinthya P., Hernández-León Roberto C., Valencia-Del Toro Gustavo, Meléndez-Estrada Jorge, Franco-Hernández Marina O.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 51, nr 3

43--55

EN

During wastewater treatment (WT), sewage sludge (SS) is generated, containing organic matter and pathogenic microorganisms that pose health risks and must therefore be stabilised. Several authors have reported the stabilisation of secondary SS (sludge from the WT bioreactor) for its use as a soil fertiliser. However, to date, primary SS (sludge from the primary settler or chemical precipitation tank in WT) remains underutilised. In this study, we applied sonication and electrooxidation to primary SS to reduce concentrations of total coliforms, faecal coliforms (FC), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). We show that sonication reduces FC concentrations in wastewater SS twice as effectively as electrooxidation, and that this process is influenced by the interaction between treatment time and applied pH. Additionally, the interaction of pH and current intensity affects the reduction of FC and COD in primary SS treated by electrooxidation. Our results demonstrate that sonication at pH 5 for 10 min reduces FC concentration in primary sludge by 31% compared to untreated sludge. Complementary treatments are necessary to further reduce the concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms.

3

Improving the efficiency of aerobic biological treatment of domestic wastewater by using fixed culture media

Touafek Aicha, Tidjani Abdellatif El-Bari, Bendida Ali

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2025

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Vol. 26, iss. 9

23--35

EN

This study investigates the use of pozzolan, a volcanic slag, as a packing material in a fixed culture system for biological wastewater treatment. Experimental work was conducted to evaluate the performance of pozzolan in terms of removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH4+ under different substrate concentrations and bed heights. The results reveal that pozzolan achieved BOD5 removal efficiencies of up to 80% at a concentration of 1g/L with a 20 cm bed height, while COD degradation rates demonstrated a kinetic constant K of 0.080 min-1 under the same conditions. At higher concentrations (1.5 g/L) and a 40 cm bed height, the performance was slightly reduced, with COD degradation exhibiting K = 0.040 min-1, likely due to substrate saturation effects. Comparatively, scoria showed lower efficiency, with kinetic constants ranging from 0.018 to 0.065 min-1, highlighting the superior performance of pozzolan as a packing medium, NH4+.

4

Skuteczność zeolitu naturalnego w usuwaniu wybranych zanieczyszczeń ze ścieków z przemysłu drobiarskiego

Makara Agnieszka, Łopata Karolina, Kowalski Zygmunt, Generowicz Agnieszka, Mala Marcin

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 10

1128--1132

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań oczyszczania ścieków z przemysłu drobiarskiego za pomocą zeolitu naturalnego typu klinoptylolitu pochodzącego z Turcji. Proces oczyszczania prowadzono przy zmiennych dawkach zeolitu, w zakresie 1-5% mas. (w stosunku do masy oczyszczanego ścieku) oraz przy stałym czasie mieszania wynoszącym 30 min. Zastosowany zeolit naturalny wraz ze wzrostem dawki wykazywał coraz większą skuteczność w obniżaniu oznaczanych parametrów. Przy najwyższej dawce 5% mas. umożliwił obniżenie ChZT i azotu Kjeldahla o odpowiednio ok. 82% i 76%, całkowicie obniżył mętność oraz zredukował barwę oczyszczanego ścieku o ok. 92%. Stwierdzono, że przy dawkach wynoszących 4 i 5% występuje wyraźne zmniejszenie emisji substancji zapachowych znad oczyszczonych próbek ścieków.

EN

Poultry industry wastewater was mixed with natural zeolite of clinoptilolite type from Turkey, at room temp. for 30 min and then filtered. The effect of variable zeolite doses (1-5% by mass) on parameters such as COD, Kjeldahl N concn., Ca, Fe, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cd, Ni content, color, turbidity, pH and perceptible odor impressions from treated wastewater samples was detd. The zeolite used showed greater effectiveness in reducing the parameters detd. with increasing dose. At the highest dose (5% by mass), it reduced COD and Kjeldahl N by about 82% and 76%, completely reduced turbidity (100%) and reduced the color of treated wastewater by about 92%. At doses of 4% and 5%, a significant reduction in odorous substances emission from treated wastewater samples was observed.

5

Skuteczność koagulantów w usuwaniu wybranych zanieczyszczeń mikrobiologicznych i fizykochemicznych ze ścieków z przemysłu owocowo-warzywnego

Makara Agnieszka, Kmiecik Dominika, Kowalski Zygmunt

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 7

799--804

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań oczyszczania ścieków z przemysłu owocowo-warzywnego metodą koagulacji, za pomocą zmiennych dawek koagulantów: glinowego PAX 18 i żelazowego PIX 113 (2–10 mL/L), oraz neutralizacji 10-proc. roztworem mleka wapiennego. Koagulant glinowy PAX 18 był bardziej skuteczny w usuwaniu zanieczyszczeń mikrobiologicznych. W oczyszczonych frakcjach ciekłych w całym zakresie stosowanych dawek nie stwierdzono obecności enterokoków i bakterii Escherichia coli, a ogólna liczba mikroorganizmów została obniżona o ponad 99%. Wartość ChZT została maksymalnie obniżona o 67% za pomocą koagulantu glinowego (dawka 2 mL/L) oraz o 72% za pomocą koagulantu żelazowego (dawka 6 mL/L). Barwę oczyszczonych ścieków obniżono o 88–97%, a mętność niemalże całkowicie (< 1 NTU).

EN

Wastewater from the fruit and vegetable industry was treated by coagulation, using variable doses of Al PAX 18 and Fe PIX 113 coagulants (2–10 mL/L) and neutralized with a 10% soln. of lime milk. The PAX 18 was more effective in removing microbiol. contaminants in the entire range of doses used. No enterococci or Escherichia coli were detected, and the total no. of microorganisms was reduced by more than 99%. The COD value was reduced by a max. of 67% using an Al coagulant (dose 2 mL/L) and by 72% using an Fe coagulant (dose 6 mL/L). The color of the treated sewage was reduced from 88 to 97%, and the turbidity was almost completely reduced (< 1 NTU).

6

Reducing Tannery Wastewater Pollutants through a Magnetic-Field and Ozone-Treatment Electrocoagulation System using Response Surface Methodology

Aguilar Ascon Edwar, Marrufo Saldaña Liliana, Neyra Ascón Walter

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

74--83

EN

This study assessed the effectiveness of integrating electrocoagulation, magnetic fields, and ozonation technologies to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) from tannery wastewater. Furthermore, the effects of their key operating factors were determined. To achieve this goal, an electrocoagulation reactor coupled with a magnetic-field generator was used and the response surface methodology was applied through a Box-Behnken experimental design. Here, current intensity (I), treatment time (T), and ozone concentration (O3) are considered the influencing factors. Likewise, the removal percentages of COD and TSS serve as response indicators. The results indicate that T, I, and O3 are significant for the removal of COD and TSS at a confidence level of p-value < 0.05. For COD, the optimal operating conditions are I = 6.8 A, T = 30 min, and O3 = 10 mg/l; and for TSS, the optimal conditions are I = 5.72 A, T = 28 min, and O3 = 7.8 mg/l. These conditions yield removal efficiencies of 41.8% for COD and 97.9% for TSS. The findings suggest that integrating these technologies is a viable alternative for mitigating the pollution issues caused by the tannery industry.

7

Kinetic Characteristics of Thermophilic Aerobic Membrane Reactor (TAMR) for Iraqi Municipal Wastewater

Kalash Khairi R., Waisi Basma I., Al-Furaiji Mustafa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 3

303--312

EN

We evaluated the performance of a wastewater treatment plant with a thermophilic aerobic membrane reactor (TAMR) system. The two kinetic models used to describe its behavior are the Stover-Kincannon modification and secondary order treatments. One could predict the kinetic parameters for removing both chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) from the wastewater substrate. The substrate removal rate was 1.66 per day within a correlation coefficient оf 0.9978. Also, those coefficients for COD concentration are 0.9977 and 0.9965, according to the modified model. As for COD, the probable maximum utilization rate was estimated to be 60.24 g\L·day. The saturation value is about 64.81 g\L·day. However, the maximal uptake by biomass of ammonia nitrogen is 32.42 g/L·day, and the saturation constant is 30.12 g/L·day. Stover-Kincannon’s modified model has been shown to be an effective method for the treatment of sewage – and it even makes fairly accurate predictions as to what will happen wth the COD and the ammonia nitrogen content in sewage. In addition, it is useful for optimizing wastwater treatment that is both simple and highly efficient at producing accurate predictions.

8

Field Measurements and Machine Learning Algorithms to Monitor Water Quality in Lakes Located in Landscape Parks – A Case Study

Walczak Natalia, Walczak Zbigniew, Laks Ireneusz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 1

49--64

EN

One of the greatest threats to many lakes is their accelerated eutrophication resulting from anthropogenic pressure, agricultural intensification, and climate change. A very important element of surface water protection in environmentally conserved areas is the proper monitoring of water quality and detection of potential threats by examining the physicochemical properties of water and performing statistical analyses that enable possible exposure of unfavourable trends. The article presents the analyses of the results of measurements made in three lakes located in the Sierakowski Landscape Park. As part of the measurements, water quality indicators i.e., phosphorus, nitrogen, BOD5 and COD, were determined monthly for a year at the inflows and outflows of the studied lakes. The test results of selected water quality indicators were analysed using machine learning algorithms i.e., PCA and k-means. The conducted tests enabled statistical estimation of changes in water quality indicators in the reservoirs and evaluation of their correlation.

9

Effects of Dosage and Stirring Speed Variations in the Use of Bittern as a Natural Coagulant to Remove Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Suspended Solids and Dye Concentrations from Batik Industry Wastewater

Fitriani Nurina, Supriyanto Agus, Jariyah Niswatun Indana, Putriadji Rachely Annisa Dwi, Pratama M. Bagas Pramudya, Jusoh Hajjar Hartini Wan, Ismail Azimah, Kurniawan Setyo Budi

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 11

83--99

EN

This study aimed to determine the effect of bittern coagulant dosage and rapid stirring speed on reducing the concentrations of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and dye absorbance in batik industry wastewater, as well as to identify the optimum coagulant dosage and stirring speed. Wastewater samples were collected from a batik industry in the batik center of Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. Dosage variations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% were tested alongside rapid stirring speeds of 100 rpm, 130 rpm, and 160 rpm. The study was conducted on a laboratory scale using the jar test method. Initial wastewater characteristics showed BOD, COD, TSS, and dye absorbance concentrations of 185.68 ± 29.34 mg/L, 10.091 ± 363.24 mg/L, 2.231.33 ± 155.55 mg/L, and 0.212 ± 0.02, respectively. Statistical analysis using the Pearson cor relation test and Two-Way ANOVA revealed that variations in coagulant dosage and stirring speed significantly impacted the reduction percentages of BOD, COD, TSS, and dye absorbance. The optimal coagulant dosage was found to be 5%, and the optimal stirring speed was 100 rpm, with reduction percentages for BOD, COD, TSS, and dye absorbance being 80.32%, 65.86%, 92.35%, and 70.77%, respectively.

10

The Application of Membrane Bioreactor for Greywater Treatment

Fikri Elanda, Zulkarnain Oryza Filial, Azizah R., Latif Mohd Talib, Firmansyah Yura Witsqa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 6

207--213

EN

Urban planning management should consider wastewater as a challenge. Wastewater, in this case, grey water, is full of dangerous contaminants and, at specific concentrations, can turn into a substance that affects the environment. The effluent of the released waste must therefore be managed to ensure that it complies with the government’s quality standard criteria. The membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology process produced waste effluents with low concentrations of biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC), proving its higher efficiency as a biological processing stage. Total coliforms and E. coli are not present in processed products, detergents and total suspended solid (TSS) are effectively degraded. This is made possible by the considerably lower organic load; as a result, biomass accumulation slows and mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), which have low value, are produced. With the assistance of continuous airflow, and without the use of chemicals or backwashing, an ultrafiltration module (UF) with a membrane cut-off size small enough to be able to create a constant permeate flux during the grey water treatment process is necessary. Although processed grey water does not pass denitrification, all parameters linked to the quality of the effluent water exceed environmental quality criteria.

11

Organic Removal in the Water Body as the Effect of Mineral Wool Installation

Fathuna Inat Shani, Soewondo Prayatni, Prayogo Wisnu, Awfa Dion

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 9

345--354

EN

In previous studies, the use of mineral wools as an onsite-supporting media in water bodies showed satisfactory results in removing organic pollutants. However, the analytical method chosen is still very conventional. This study aimed to model the removal of organic pollutants represented by the COD value to determine the mineral performance. The data used in this study included field scale data using two types of mineral wools, namely type I (density 80 kg/m3 and water retention 95%) and type II (density 120 kg/m3 and water retention 92%). There are form variations of mineral wool namely cubes and blocks on each type, which are placed in segments 2, 4, 8, and 9, respectively, on the Cikapayang River. The modeling results show that the most optimal type of mineral wool to remove COD is type II mineral wool-cube form at segment 4 using the first order kinetics equation. The reaction coefficient (k) obtained is 0.5378/s, standard deviation value is 14.532 mg/L COD, and the coefficient of determination is 0.1025. The kinetics value of the reaction removal and equations obtained were used to perform modeling in Matlab R2020b application to determine the dimensions of the mineral wool required to remove pollutants.

12

Contaminants Removal from Real Refinery Wastewater Associated with Energy Generation in Microbial Fuel Cell

Jabbar Noor Mohsen, Alardhi Saja Mohsen, Al-Jadir Thaer, Dhahad Hayder Abed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 1

107--114

EN

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) pertain to a kind of modern technology for the direct conversion of chemical energy in organic matter from wastewaters into electricity during the oxidation of organic substrates. A system of continuous MFC was constructed for the treatment of real petroleum refinery wastewater (PRW). The treatment of real PRW, operational performance of the MFC system, biodegradation of furfural, and energy output were investigated in this study. The MFC was inoculated by mixed anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillus sp. as the dominant type, and continuously operated for 30 days. The biodegradation of furfural and phenol, which are the most prevalent toxicants in refinery wastewater, was investigated. The MFC system reached maximum energy outputs of 552.25 mW/m3 and 235 mV. In the anodic chamber, the maximum removal of furfural and phenol was higher than 99%, with biodegradation of organic content reaching up to 95%. This study demonstrated the viability of a continuous-flow MFC system as a green technology for the treatment of furfural-rich real refinery effluents while generating electricity.

13

Ocena efektywności Komunalnej Oczyszczalni Ścieków w Ciechanowie

Świtkowska Małgorzata, Dalecka Weronika

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2023

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Nr 7-8

38--43

PL

W artykule przedstawiono charakterystykę jednej z Komunalnej Oczyszczalni Ścieków w województwie mazowieckim - Komunalną Oczyszczalnię Ścieków w Ciechanowie. W ramach części badawczej wykonano pomiary jakościowe ścieków surowych i oczyszczonych na zawartość biogenów między innymi: fosforu ogólnego, azotu ogólnego oraz materii organicznych wyrażonych wskaźnikami: ChZTCr, oraz BZT5. Przeanalizowano ocenę jej efektywności, w której uwzględniono zależność między Równoważną Liczbą Mieszkańców (RLM), a ilością wytworzonych komunalnych osadów ściekowych.

EN

The article presents the characterization of one of the Communal Sewage Treatment Plants in the Masovian Voivodeship - the Communal Sewage Treatment Plant in Ciechanów. As part of the research section, qualitative measurements of raw and treated sewage were conducted to assess the content of biogens, including total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and organic matter ex-pressed by indicators such as CODCr and BOD5. The evaluation of its effectiveness was analyzed, taking into account the relationship between the Equivalent Number of Inhabitants (ENI) and the quantity of generated municipal sewage sludge.

14

Reduction of Contaminants from Municipal Wastewater of Salori Sewage Treatment Plant Using Electrochemical Membrane Bioreactor and Bioelectricity Generation

Yadav Saurabh, Kamsonlian Suantak, Gola Deepak, Pal Shubham

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 1

264--271

EN

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is stable and rising wastewater treatment reactor though membrane fouling and energy expenditure remain operational impediments and challenges for the wider deployment of the MBR technology. The majority of municipal wastewater contains low quantities of suspended, dissolved inorganic and organic particles. Proteins, carbohydrates, synthetic detergents, lignin, soaps, lipids and their decomposition products, along with many natural and synthetic organic chemicals from industrial processes, are also examples of impurities present in water. In addition, municipal wastewater contains a variety of inorganic chemicals, such as heavy metals, which might have phytotoxic and health consequences, limiting its usage in agriculture. In this study, an electrochemical membrane bioreactor (EMBR) has been developed to reduce several impurities from real municipal wastewater; moreover bioelectricity was also generated simultaneously. The maximum removal of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total dissolved solid (TDS) were 35.57%, 31.55%, and 32.84 %, respectively, after a 5-day experimental run.

15

Characteristics of Tofu Wastewater From Different Soybeans and Wastewater at Each Stage of Tofu Production

Hardyanti Nurandani, Susanto Heru, Budihardjo Mochamad Arief, Purwono, Saputra Angga Tri

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

|

Vol. 24, iss. 8

54--63

EN

Tofu wastewater is a liquid by-product of the tofu production process that typically contains high levels of organic matter, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, as well as other compounds, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and COD. Tofu wastewater COD levels can vary depending on the type of soybeans used in the production process and the stages of the production process. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of tofu wastewater from various types of soybeans and the characteristics of wastewater at each stage of the production process. The research methods used were field research and laboratory tests. Field research was conducted by collecting samples from different types of soybeans and analyzing them in the laboratory. Meanwhile, laboratory tests were run by analyzing samples for various parameters such as Soybeans Protein, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), ammonia, and fat oil. The results showed that Wonogiri Soybeans had the highest protein parameter, 19%. As far as the wastewater of seed samples, the Wonogiri Seed sample had the highest parameter results for TSS, COD, ammonia, and BOD, which are 444 mg/L, 4583.33 mg/L; 13.86 mg/L; and 3.481 mg/L, respectively. As for the fat oil parameter, the Red Seed sample achieved the highest result of 6264 mg/L. In the case of the samples from each washing stage, it is known that the washing sample parameter results are lower than the seed samples. The Red 1st Washing sample had the highest TSS, COD, fat oil, and BOD values, amounting to 316 mg/L, 4666.67 mg/L, 356 mg/L, and 2053.71 mg/L, respectively. In comparison, the highest fat oil parameter corresponded to the Wonogiri 1st Washing sample with a value of 11.78 mg/L. The B/C ratio of all samples is > 0.1 and is in the biodegradable zone. Thus, the samples are not only able to be treated through biological processes, but also able to be treated through physical and chemical processes to avoid the length of time for biological decomposition due to the acclimatization process of microorganisms to the samples.

16

Mineral Pumice Efficiency in Wastewater Treatment in Dairy Industries

Vanani Hamid Raeisi, Ostad-Ali-Askari Kaveh

Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics

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2023

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Vol. 70, nr 1

129--139

EN

In this study, the effectiveness of mineral pumice application in sewage treatment in the dairy industries was investigated, with various factors such as adsorbent dose, mixing speed, pH and contact time being studied in detail. The results obtained showed that mineral pumice in a granular form, with a contact time of 20 hours and a volume fraction of one third and pH of 8 has the ability to COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) decreasing up to 56.9%. However, by using mineral pumice in powder form, in three cases considered, higher efficiency than for pumice granules has been observed. It seems that acidity conditions do not have a positive effect on this efficiency. As the contact time increased, the adsorption rate increased, mostly due to increased probability of collision with the adsorbent surface. With an increasing adsorbent dose, the absorption rate also increased, especially in the range of 15 g/l. Regarding the mixing speed, no definite conclusion can be drawn, because in some cases, with increasing mixing speed, the COD reduction efficiency decreased. Considering the use of mineral pumice in reducing COD, in accordance with to the obtained results, it is better to use mineral pumice in granular, rather than in powder, form.

17

Impact of dissolved oxygen on hospital wastewater quality treated by SBBR in Basrah city, Iraq

Al-Rekabi Wisam S., Al-Khafaji Samar A., Janna Hussein

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2022

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Vol. 31, No. 1

14--25

EN

The hospitals close to the residences can make problems for the environment as a consequence of sewage drained into the water stream. Sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) offers advantages for treating sewage; such as simple operation, flexible process, and cost-effective. The laboratory bench-scale experiments were carried out treating hospital wastewater (HWW) of one of Basrah hospital city by a fabricated SBBR reactor of 26 l working volume. The hospital wastewater has the following characteristics (average values): pH 7.3, BOD equal to 280 mg·l–1, COD equal to 550 mg·l–1, total phosphorus (TP) equal to 6.4 mg·l–1, ammonia (NH3-N) equal to 44 mg·l–1 and total suspended solid (TSS) equal to 272 mg·l–1. This research aims to estimate the performance of the SBBR system for treating hospital wastewater to enhance different effluent parameters such as COD, total nitrogen (TN), ammonia, and total phosphorous (TP) with various dissolved oxygen (DO) with range of 2.15–6.55 mg·l–1, the best DO values give these removal efficiencies for COD equal to 84.55%, NH3-N equal to 65.91% and TN between 78 and 18% for DO equal to 3.67 mg·l–1, while TP removal efficiency was 79.70% for DO equal to 6.55 mg·l–1. By comparison of the SBBR effluent with international standards for effluent sewage, it noticed COD concentration 85 mg·l–1, TN 12 mg·l–1 and TP 1.3 mg·l–1 met all standards (European, WHO, and China), while NH3-N 15 mg·l–1 was outside WHO and European standards, while satisfies only Chinese standard.

18

Charakterystyka e-commerce w krajach bałtyckich

Biernat Lech

Logistyka

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2022

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nr 5

40--42

PL

Litwa, Łotwa i Estonia to rozwijące się gospodarki, które aspirują do roli regionalnych e-hubów. Łącznie mają ponad 6 milionów mieszkańców, z których 70 % to ludność miejska, a 80% to użytkownicy internetu.

19

Effectiveness and Adaptability of Water Hyacinth (Eichornia Crassipes) Mart. Solm in its Role in Reducing COD and BOD Levels in Petroleum Liquid Waste

Hardestyariki Dwi, Fitria Syarifa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 5

26--29

EN

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness and ability of water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes Mart. Solm) in reducing the COD and BOD levels in petroleum liquid waste. Petroleum liquid waste is one type of waste that pollutes the environment if it is not treated first. In this study, the biological treatment techniques were carried out using the phytoremediation techniques. Phytoremediation is an effort to reduce and improve the quality of waste by using plant agents so that the levels of pollutants contained in the waste can be reduced. The phytoremediation techniques are carried out using a simple bioreactor with various concentrations of petroleum liquid waste, namely control (0% waste), 10% waste, 20% waste, and 30% waste. The results of this study showed that the water hyacinth plant was able to tolerate liquid petroleum waste, which was indicated by the water hyacinth plant being able to survive up to a concentration of 30% for approximately 2 months. On the basis of the measurement of BOD and COD of petroleum liquid waste before phytoremediation was carried out, it was 20 mg/l and 10.04 mg/l, respectively. At 10% effluent concentration, the BOD and COD values decreased to 4.11 mg/l and 14.7 mg/l, respectively. At 20% effluent concentration, the BOD and COD values also showed a decrease to 3.73 mg/l and 9.14 mg/l, respectively. At 30% effluent concentration, the BOD and COD values showed a decrease to 3.73 mg/l and 1.22 mg/l, respectively. The ability of the water hyacinth plant to reduce the BOD and COD values can show its effectiveness to be used as a phytoremediation agent for petroleum waste.

20

Treatment of swine wastewater in constructed wetlands cultivated with Tangola grass

Lo Monaco Paola Alfonsa Vieira, Vieira Gustavo Haddad Souza, Mattedi Lillya, Gasparini Jayni Zucoloto, Jani Arun Dilipkumar, Haddade Ismail Ramalho

Environment Protection Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 48, nr 3

13--24

EN

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of constructed wetlands (CWS) cultivated with Tangola grass (Urochloa purpuracens and Urochloa arrecta) in the treatment of wastewater from pig farming. The CWS were subjected to an organic loading rate of 300 kg of BOD/(ha·day) from swine wastewater. We analyzed total solids, turbidity, color, total Kjeldahl N, and total P in the influent and effluent to the CWS every 30 days for a duration of 4 months. The whole plot factor was vegetation (CWS with and without Tangola grass). The subplot factor was assessment time (15, 45, 75, and 105 days of CWS operation). There was no statistical difference between CWS with and without in terms of the removal efficiency. After 105 days, average removals of 90–95% turbidity, 79–80% total solids, 76–82% color, 42–70% total Kjeldahl N, and 51–63% total P were obtained in all CWS. While Tangola grass did not enhance the removal efficiency of the parameters assessed in this study, it may be harvested to provide fodder for animals, making it a valuable addition to CWS.