Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Reuse of PVC Waste and Its Transformation into Functional Electrospun Membrane to Remove Organic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions

Prus Katarzyna, Khurram Aleeza, Karpiel Emilia, Pietrzyk-Thel Paulina, Wilczewski Sławomir, Gniadek Marianna, Nowak Adrianna, Roszkiewicz Agata, Nwaji Njemuwa, Widera-Kalinowska Justyna, Giersig Michael, Osial Magdalena

IPPT Reports on Fundamental Technological Research

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2026

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nr 1

9--27

EN

The membrane technology in water treatment and desalination offers great potential in thin-film composite nanofiltration. This study utilized the electrospinning approach to fabricate nanofibers from recycled plasticized and unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) as a membrane for effective wastewater purification. The physicochemical properties and purification performance of the membranes were investigated. The obtained membrane showed potential as an adsorbent for cationic dyes in water. The pH-dependent study revealed optimal activity at pH of 7.0 for crystal violet (CV) and pH of 10 for methyl violet (MV) with plasticized PVC (PVC-P) showing enhanced ability compared to unplasticized PVC (PVC-R). Additionally, PVC-P shows a dye removal efficiency of 80 % and 55 % for CV and MV, respectively. Thus, the study could serve as an innovative dual-purpose approach to recycling spent PVC-based materials and wastewater treatment. The thermogravimetric analysis and tensile tests revealed that PVC-R fibers exhibited higher thermal stability (Tonset ≈ 282 ◦C) and tensile strength (∼10.6 MPa) compared to PVC-P fibers, while PVC-P fibers showed greater elasticity (elongation at break ∼40 %) but lower thermal resistance (Tonset ≈ 250 ◦C). These results highlight the distinct structural behavior of rigid and plasticized PVC fibers under thermal and mechanical stress.

PL

Technologia membranowa stosowana w uzdatnianiu wody i odsalaniu oferuje ogromny potencjał w zakresie nanofiltracji z wykorzystaniem cienkowarstwowych membran kompozytowych. W niniejszym badaniu wykorzystano metodę elektroprzędzenia do wytworzenia nanowłókien z pochodzącego z recyklingu plastyfikowanego i nieplastyfikowanego polichlorku winylu (PVC) jako membrany do skutecznego oczyszczania ścieków. Zbadano właściwości fizykochemiczne oraz wydajność oczyszczania tych membran. Uzyskana membrana wykazała potencjał jako adsorbent barwników kationowych w wodzie. Badania zależności od pH wykazały optymalną aktywność przy pH 7,0 dla fioletu krystalicznego (CV) i pH 10 dla fioletu metylowego (MV), przy czym plastyfikowany PVC (PVC-P) wykazał zwiększoną zdolność w porównaniu z nieplastyfikowanym PVC (PVC-R). Ponadto PVC-P wykazuje skuteczność usuwania barwników wynoszącą 80% dla CV i 55% dla MV. W ten sposób badanie to może służyć jako innowacyjne podejście o podwójnym przeznaczeniu do recyklingu zużytych materiałów na bazie PVC oraz oczyszczania ścieków. Analiza termograwimetryczna i próby rozciągania wykazały, że włókna PVC-R wykazywały wyższą stabilność termiczną (Tonset ≈ 282 ◦C) i wytrzymałość na rozciąganie (∼10,6 MPa) w porównaniu z włóknami PVC-P, podczas gdy włókna PVC-P wykazywały większą elastyczność (wydłużenie przy zerwaniu ∼40 %), ale niższą odporność termiczną (Tonset ≈ 250 ◦C). Wyniki te podkreślają różnice w zachowaniu strukturalnym sztywnych i plastyfikowanych włókien PVC pod wpływem obciążeń termicznych i mechanicznych.

2

Ocena wpływu struktury porowatej węgli aktywnych na efektywność ich wykorzystania w ramach adsorpcyjnych metod wzbogacania gazów kopalnianych w metan - możliwości zastosowania symulacji Monte Carlo

Furmaniak Sylwester, Gauden Piotr A.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2026

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Nr 5

19--24

PL

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono możliwości wykorzystania symulacji Monte Carlo w badaniach adsorpcyjnych metod wzbogacania gazów kopalnianych w metan. Symulowano adsorpcję i rozdział mieszaniny metan/azot w porach serii modelowych węgli aktywnych o systematycznie zmieniającej się porowatości. Uzyskane wyniki wskazały zależności pomiędzy porowatością a efektywnością wzbogacania. Ujęto je ilościowo, przedyskutowano i zasugerowano przyczyny. W strukturze węgli stosowanych w procesach tego rodzaju możliwie duży udział powinny mieć wąskie mikropory o średnicy do ok. 1 nm.

EN

The paper presents the possibilities of using Monte Carlo simulations in the studies on adsorption methods for mine gases enrichment with methane. Adsorption and separation of a methane/nitrogen mixture in pores were simulated for a series of model activated carbons with systematically changing porosity. The obtained results indicated relationships between porosity and enrichment efficiency. They were quantified and discussed. Their reasons were also suggested. The content of narrow micropores having diameters up to ca. 1 nm should be maximized in the structure of carbons used in processes of this type.

3

Determination of the behaviour of silver nanoparticles and Ag ions in organic-muck soil

Czupioł Justyna

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2025

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Nr 94 (tom 1)

77--98

EN

The increasing presence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products and their subsequent release into the environment raises concerns about their impact on soil and water systems. The present study investigates the interactions between silver nanoparticles and silver ions with organicmuck soil, with particular focus on their adsorption and retention mechanisms. Key physicochemical properties of the soil, including cation exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area, and pH, were characterised to determine their influence on the behaviour of silver species. Adsorption experiments indicated that Ag+ ions were adsorbed more efficiently than AgNPs, with maximum adsorption capacities of 11.25 mg/g and 7.00 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption isotherms for both Ag+ and AgNPs fit the Freundlich model better than the Langmuir model, suggesting the presence of heterogeneous adsorption sites. Kinetic studies indicate that adsorption follows a pseudo-second-order model, implying chemisorption controlled by chemical interactions between silver species and the soil surface. Sequential extraction of silver species reveals that Ag+is more easily desorbed, while AgNPs are more tightly bound. These results highlight the environmental implications of silver nanoparticle contamination in soils and contribute to the understanding of the factors influencing the mobility and retention of silver in terrestrial ecosystems.

4

Studies on the effect of parameters controlling an adsorption process for anionic dye removal by using commercial activated carbon

Konicki Wojciech, Bojanowska Milena, Bąkowski Michał

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2025

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nr 82 (154)

93--104

EN

In the present study, commercial activated carbon (CWZ-14) is tested for the removal of the anionic azodye Direct Red 23 (DR23) from aqueous solutions. The effect of parameters such as initial dye concentration (10‒50 mg/L), pH (3.4‒11.4), and temperature (20‒60 °C) on the adsorption process is studied. The structure and morphology of the commercial activated carbon, as the quality attributes of the adsorbents, are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms (BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR). To understand the adsorption behavior of DR23 onto CWZ-14, the experimental kinetic data are analyzed using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The kinetics of the adsorption of the dye followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The isotherms of adsorption data are analyzed via the Langmuir and the Freundlich models. It is observed that the experimental data effectively fits the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm, qm, is 104.2 mg/g. The experimental findings showed that the adsorption is a pH-dependent process, with the maximum adsorption capacity occurring at a pH of 7. Thermodynamic parameters, such as changes in standard free energy (∆G°), enthalpy (∆H°), and entropy (∆S°), are also evaluated. The thermodynamic analysis shows that the adsorption process is endothermic, spontaneous, and a physisorption process.

5

Węglowe materiały adsorpcyjne z pozostałości po ekstrakcji nadkrytycznej róży pomarszczonej do oczyszczania gazów i cieczy

Wierzba Martyna, Paluch Dorota, Bazan-Woźniak Aleksandra, Pietrzak Robert

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2025

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[Z] 79, 3-4

199--214

PL

The present study demonstrates that the waste material resulting from the supercritical extraction of Rosa rugosa can serve as a cost-effective precursor for the production of carbon adsorbents, which exhibit excellent sorption capacities for gaseous and liquid pollutants. The mineral content of the adsorbents is reduced by direct activation in both microwave and conventional furnaces in comparison to the mineral content of the raw material. The activated carbons obtained contain less than 4.8% ash, with the mineral content increasing in line with the activation temperature. Furthermore, surface chemistry analysis revealed that all samples exhibit basic functional groups, whose concentration rises with temperature. The adsorbents show limited efficiency in hydrogen sulfide removal, with improved performance in humid conditions. It was found that many of the carbons produced demonstrated strong adsorption capabilities for liquid-phase pollutants, with the most effective adsorbent for iodine, methylene blue, and Eriochrome Black T being the sample activated at 800°C in a conventional furnace. Conventional heating methods were found to yield higher sorption capacities in comparison to microwave activation techniques.

6

Usuwanie wybranych składników zawartych w kosmetykach przy pomocy adsorbentów węglowych otrzymanych z kory dębu

Żuberek Karolina, Wolski Robert, Paluch Dorota, Pietrzak Robert

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2025

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[Z] 79, 5-6

297--317

7

Skuteczne usuwanie barwników organicznych za pomocą biowęgli otrzymanych z pozostałości po ekstrakcji nadkrytycznej nasion marchwi

Zieliński Damian, Paluch Dorota, Bazan-Woźniak Aleksandra, Wolski Robert, Pietrzak Robert

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2025

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[Z] 79, 3-4

181--198

EN

The continuous development of the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries has led to increasing environmental pollution. Stricter legal regulations concerning air and water quality have intensified the search for more effective purification methods. Surface waters used for consumption are heavily contaminated by industrial and municipal wastewater discharge. The study presents the preparation, physicochemical properties, and adsorption capacities of activated carbons derived from residues of supercritical extraction of carrot seeds. The carbonization process led to a reduction in volatile matter and a significant increase in mineral content compared to the raw material. Acid-base analysis revealed variations in oxygen functional groups, with physically activated carbons displaying basic character and chemically activated ones showing acidic properties. The findings suggest that carrot seed extraction residues can serve as a cost-effective raw material for producing efficient carbon-based adsorbents for liquid-phase pollutant removal.

8

Adsorption performance of binary mixtures containing methylene blue and tartrazine using silica xerogel from rice husk

Uzah Terngu Timothy, Ligom Thaddeus Terungwa

Scientiae Radices

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2025

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Vol. 4, Iss. 4

269--286

EN

This research work assessed the adsorption performance of silica xerogels for the removal of a binary solution of methylene blue and tartrazine dyes. Silica xerogel was extracted from rice husk using the gel method and modified with 1.0 M HNO3 (nitric acid). Using batch adsorption methods, the effect of initial concentration, temperature, ionic strength, contact time, and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption process of methylene blue and tartrazine was studied using binary solutions of the dyes. The percentage removal of the dyes studied increased as the initial concentration was varied from 20 ppm to 60 ppm. The removal efficiency decreased as the temperature was varied from 30°C to 50°C. The adsorption efficiency showed an increase at higher pH for methylene blue and at lower pH for tartrazine due to their ionic nature. The variation of contact time between 2 and 6 hours showed a sharp increase in dye removal from 2 to 5 hours, but a slow increase after 5 hours. The percentage removal of dyes increased as the adsorbent dosage increased between 0.5 to 2.5 g. The effect of ionic strength on adsorption efficiency was found to decrease as the concentration of NaCl was varied from 0.02 to 0.10 M. The experimental data were tested using the adsorption isotherms models of Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin. The Langmuir model was found to be the best fit among the three isotherms used for the analysis, as all the R2 and RL values favoured the isotherm. The data showed that the adsorption process can best be described by the pseudo-second order kinetics model, as the R2 values for all the dyes are more than those of the pseudo-first order model. Therefore, it can be concluded that the silica xerogel is a potential adsorbent for the uptake of pollutants in wastewater.

9

Zastosowanie mezoporowatych krzemionek jako nośników substancji biologicznie czynnych pochodzenia naturalnego

Moritz Michał, Szkołut Alicja, Geszke-Moritz Małgorzata

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2025

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T. 104, nr 7

712--715

PL

Przegląd piśmiennictwa dotyczący zastosowania mezoporowatych krzemionek jako nośników substancji zawartych w surowcach roślinnych. Surowcami szczególnie obfitującymi w związki polifenolowe są rośliny z rodzaju Vaccinium, szałwia lekarska czy tymianek pospolity. Mezoporowate sita molekularne przyczyniają się do poprawy dostępności biologicznej takich substancji, jak resweratrol czy składniki olejków eterycznych, przez co znajdują zastosowanie w terapii chorób nowotworowych, otrzymywaniu opatrunków oraz powłok przeciwbakteryjnych.

EN

A review, with 20 refs., of use of mesoporous silicas as the carriers of active agents from plant raw materials. The raw materials particularly rich in polyphenolic compds. include plants from the genus Vaccinium, common sage, and thyme. Mesoporous molecular sieves contribute to improving the bioavailability of substances such as resveratrol and components of essential oils, making them useful in cancer therapy, the prodn. of wound dressings, and antibacterial coatings.

10

Zastosowanie mezoporowatych adsorbentów w procesie immobilizacji enzymów

Geszke-Moritz Małgorzata, Kamasa Karolina, Moritz Michał

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2025

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T. 104, nr 6

642--645

PL

Przegląd literaturowy dotyczący zastosowania mezoporowatych krzemionek, szkieletów metaloorganicznych oraz struktur organicznych jako nośników enzymów. Układy nośnik-unieruchomiony enzym znalazły zastosowanie w procesach technologicznych (reakcje hydrolizy, transestryfikacji), diagnostyce laboratoryjnej i neutralizacji substancji szkodliwych. Immobilizacja zazwyczaj zmniejsza aktywność enzymów, zwiększając jednocześnie ich stabilność termiczną oraz odporność na czynniki środowiskowe (pH).

EN

A review, with 25 refs., of use of mesoporous silicas, metal-org. framework and covalent org. framework as the enzyme support. The carrierimmobilized enzyme systems used in technol. processes (hydrolysis, transesterification), laboratory diagnostics and toxic substance neutralization were described. Immobilization decreased the enzyme activity and simultaneously increased their thermal stability to environmental factors (pH).

11

Zastosowanie mezoporowatej krzemionki MCM-41 jako adsorbentu dla lidokainy

Moritz Michał, Szkołut Alicja, Geszke-Moritz Małgorzata

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2025

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T. 104, nr 9

904--907

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące zastosowania mezoporowatego sita molekularnego MCM-41 jako adsorbentu dla leku o działaniu miejscowo znieczulającym. Przeprowadzono modelowanie procesu adsorpcji z zastosowaniem wielu modeli matematycznych (m. in. Freundlicha, Langmuira, Dubinina i Astachowa oraz Sipsa). Wartości parametrów równań oszacowano metodą dopasowania nieliniowego. Spośród modeli trójparametrowych izoterma Sipsa najlepiej opisywała proces adsorpcji lidokainy na krzemionce MCM-41, zaś spośród dwuparametrowych była to izoterma Freundlicha. Wykazano (model Dubinina i Astachowa) fizyczny charakter interakcji lidokainy z powierzchnią krzemionki MCM-41.

EN

Exptl. data of lidocaine adsorption on mesoporous silica MCM-41 were modeled using several adsorption models, including Freundlich, Langmuir, Jovanovich, Dubinin-Astakhov, Redlich-Peterson, and Sips. The parameters of math. models were assessed using non-linear fitting anal. Among the three-parameter models, the Sips isotherm best described the process of lidocaine adsorption on MCM-41 silica, while among two-parameter models, it was the Freundlich isotherm. The lidocaine-mesoporous silica interactions were shown to have the phys. nature (Dubinin-Astakhov model).

12

Badania adsorpcji N-formylomorfoliny na adsorbentach węglowych i tlenkowych w środowisku ciekłych węglowodorów

Paszkiewicz Patryk, Lewera Adam

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2025

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T. 104, nr 6

630--641

PL

Zbadano adsorpcję N-formylomorfoliny (NFM) na materiałach tlenkowych (tlenek glinu(III) oraz tlenek krzemu(IV)) i węglowych (ekstrudowany węgiel i adsorbent węglowy z karbonizowanych skorup orzechów kokosowych). NFM może stanowić zanieczyszczenie frakcji węglowodorowych otrzymywanych w procesie destylacji ekstrakcyjnej. Z tego powodu ważne jest opracowanie nowych sorbentów o lepszych właściwościach sorpcyjnych. Największą pojemność adsorpcyjną względem NFM wykazały tlenek glinu(III) oraz tlenek krzemu( IV). Pojemność adsorpcyjna tych materiałów zwiększyła się po impregnacji za pomocą roztworu kwasu poliakrylowego o stężeniu 0,1 mmol/L i osiągnęła odpowiednio 4,71 i 5,36 mg N całkowitego na 1 g adsorbentu. Impregnacja perfluorowaną żywicą jonowymienną (Nafion) wpłynęła na zmniejszenie pojemności adsorpcyjnej na wychwyt NFM w stosunku do pojemności adsorpcyjnej adsorbentu nieimpregnowanego. Opracowano proces regeneracji adsorbentu i przeprowadzono próby regeneracji adsorbentów na bazie tlenku glinu(III), tlenku krzemu(IV) oraz materiałów węglowych przed i po aktywacji za pomocą roztworu kwasu poliakrylowego. Regeneracja zużytego adsorbentu z wykorzystaniem 10-proc. roztworu HCl umożliwiała przywrócenie pojemności adsorpcyjnej, co może świadczyć o możliwości opracowania adsorbentu regenerowalnego. Perspektywicznymi adsorbentami okazały się adsorbenty na bazie tlenku glinu(III) oraz tlenku krzemu(IV), wykazując pojemność adsorpcyjną po drugim procesie regeneracji, wynoszącą odpowiednio 6,90 i 6,30 mg N na 1 g adsorbentu, podczas gdy adsorbenty węglowe wykazały bardzo małą zdolność do adsorpcji NFM (związku niearomatycznego) w środowisku węglowodorów aromatycznych.

EN

Metal oxides (Al(III) oxide, Si(IV) oxide) and C materials (extruded C and C adsorbent from carbonized coconut shells ) were used to study the adsorption of N-formylmorpholine (NFM) from an aromatic hydrocarbon environment. The materials were impregnated with poly(acrylic acid) or perfluorinated ion exchange resin (Nafion) using their solns. of various concns. The highest adsorption capacity of NFM was obsd. on Al(III) oxide and Si(IV) oxide. The adsorption capacity of these materials increased after impregnation with a 0.1 mmol poly(acrylic acid) soln., to finally achieve 4.71 and 5.36 mg of total N per 1 g of adsorbent, resp. Impregnation with Nafion reduced the adsorption capacity toward NFM as compared to the adsorption capacity of the non-impregnated adsorbent. The process of regeneration of adsorbents before and after impregnation with a poly(acrylic acid) soln. was developed and carried out. Regeneration with 10% HCl restored NFM adsorption capacity. Most promising adsorbents were based on Al(III) oxide and Si(IV) oxide, showing an adsorption capacity after the second regeneration process of 6.90 and 6.30 mg of total N per 1 g of adsorbent, resp., whereas carbon adsorbents showed a very low capacity to NFM.

13

Sugarcane bagasse fibre-polyhydroxybutyrate biocomposite : the study of adsorption capacity

Tejada-Tovar Candelaria N., Villabona-Ortíz Ángel, Jam-Martelo José, Osorio-Beltrán Nicolás, Ortega-Toro Rodrigo

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2025

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no. 67

30--41

EN

This study aimed to develop a biocomposite based on cellulose acetate (CA), extracted from sugarcane bagasse, and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), to enhance the hydrophobic properties of the resulting biomaterial and improving their efficiency in adsorption processes. It was hypothesised that the incorporation of PHB into the CA matrix would significantly increase the material’s hydrophobicity. The CA/PHB biocomposite was successfully prepared, and water adsorption tests confirmed that the addition of PHB imparted greater hydrophobic character compared to its precursors (bagasse and cellulose). Notably, the biocomposite exhibited the lowest water adsorption (20% in 120 h). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed that the PHB adhered correctly to the biocomposite surface, resulting in a material with high porosity and uniform biopolymer distribution. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that the cellulose obtained presents a good thermal stability compared to values reported by other investigations, with decomposition starting at 280°C. The Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) further showed the characteristic functional groups of PHB in the biomaterial and it was also evidenced that the -OH groups contribute significantly to the efficiency of the process. Finally, the adsorption study showed efficiencies of 99%, 91%, and 87% for sugarcane bagasse, cellulose, and CA/PHB, respectively, at 10 ppm and doses of 30 mg. Overall, it was concluded that CA/PHB is the biocomposite with the highest hydrophobic character, maintaining a compelling performance in the adsorption process and highlighting its future use in adsorption columns.

14

Computational prediction of packed-bed reactor performance for hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution

Ortega-Toro Rodrigo, Tejada-Tovar Candelaria N., Villabona-Ortiz Ángel, González-Delgado Ángel D., Vergara-Villadiego Juan C.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2025

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no. 66

13--18

EN

Adsorption is a surface-based process employed for the removal of contaminants. The process uses organic materials as bioadsorbents. Most adsorption studies have been conducted at the laboratory scale; therefore, few studies have aimed to predict process behaviour and the efficiency of bioadsorbents at an industrial scale. Therefore, the objective of this study is to model a column for the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution using cocoa residues as an adsorbent material on an industrial scale. To this end, Aspen Adsorption was used to stimulate the column at large scale, evaluating the effects of variations in the inlet flow rate, bed height, and initial concentration of Cr(VI) on the adsorption. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied, with the linear driving force (LDF) used as the kinetic model. The results showed removal efficiencies of up to 94.73% for the Langmuir-LDF model and up to 95.85% for the Freundlich-LDF model. The adsorption column simulation conditions that yielded the best results for both models included a bed height of 5 m, an initial concentration of Cr(VI) of 5,000 mg∙dm-3, and an inlet flow rate to the adsorption column of 100 m3∙day-1. This study represents as a novel approach within the field of engineering, demonstrating how computational tools can effectively predict the performance of adsorption columns packed with organic waste-based biomasses.

15

Sorption of tetracycline from contaminated water using magnesium-iron layered double hydroxide alginate beads prepared from Schanginia aegyptica and scrap iron

Al-Rubaie Zainab Yahya, Faisal Ayad A.H

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 4

209--219

EN

This research was conducted to produce a nonconventional sorbent with the aid of Schanginia aegyptica and scrap iron solid wastes. The solutions extracted from Schanginia plant parts and scrap iron can be used effectively to prepare magnesium and iron ions, respectively. The prepared sorbent named “magnesium / iron-layered double hydroxide-sodium alginate beads (Mg/Fe-LDH-Na alginate beads)” was studied to capture tetracycline (TC) from the wastewater based on batch study. The best conditions optimized to prepare the afore-mentioned beads were Mg/Fe molar ratio = 3, initial pH 10, and Mg/Fe-LDH dosage = 5 g per 100 mL. Langmuir and pseudo-second-order model adequately describe isotherm and kinetic sorption suggesting a maximal capacity of 2.564 mg/g and there are chemical bonds between TC and alginate beads. The bead characterization tests revealed the formation of Mg/Fe-LDH nanoparticles that are responsible for TC with the presence of functional groups like hydroxyl (OH) groups.

16

Performance of coal-based activated carbon modified with NiFe2O4 for raw water treatment

Subroto, Said Muhammad, Ibrahim Eddy, Hariani Poedji Loekitowati

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 1

173--185

EN

This study evaluates the effectiveness of an activated carbon/NiFe2O4 composite in the treatment of raw water from the Lematang River, with an emphasis Fe, Mn, and turbidity levels. Activated carbon is produced through the treatment of coal with a KOH activator. The characterization of activated carbon and the activated carbon/NiFe2O4 composite involved X-ray diffraction (XRD), (BET) surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface area of activated carbon/NiFe2O4 composite is 293.992 m²/g and demonstrates magnetic properties, indicated by a saturation magnetization value of 21.13 emu/g. The optimal conditions for the removal of Fe, Mn, and turbidity were determined to be a dosage of 0.4 g/L, a contact time of 60 min, and a stirring speed of 250 rpm. Under optimal conditions, the composite demonstrated a significant removal efficiency for Fe (96.12%), Mn (98.78%), turbidity (87.02%), TSS (93.49%), and COD (59.27%), along with an increase in pH from 5.38 to 7.66. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm is the appropriate adsorption model to reduce Fe, Mn and turbidity. Activated carbon/NiFe2O4 composite exhibits significant potential for applications in clean water provision.

17

Integrating ammonium-based polymer with phytoremediation for phosphate and chemical oxygen demand reduction in palm oil mill effluent

Hakim Lukman, Rahayu Aster, Jamilatun Siti, Sisca Vivi, Fajri Joni Aldilla

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 1

46--58

EN

Environmental pollution caused by the palm oil industry is a severe problem. In palm oil production, liquid waste is obtained as palm oil mill effluent containing COD and phosphate, which can pollute aquatic ecosystems and soil. Phytoremediation technology with modification using ammonium-based polymer adsorbents effectively reduces palm oil mill effluent contaminants. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of phytoremediation and adsorption modification technology using ammonium-based polymer adsorbents to consider environmentally friendly and economical reducing pollutants in palm oil mill effluent. Vetiveria zizanioides plants were cultivated in floating treatment wetlands, and the planting media was varied using ammonium-based polymer to treat palm oil mill effluent with a volume of 3 L. The performance of the modified reactor in degrading COD and phosphate was examined by monitoring the floating treatment wetlands for 9 days and measuring the physiochemical parameters. Variations in ammonium-based polymer showed optimal performance using a lower ratio of 0.3. This combination of technologies removed COD by around 77.3% with an adsorption capacity of 558.4 mg/g and phosphate by around 59.5% with an adsorption capacity of 2.77 mg/g within nine days. These results could be elaborated on with tertiary treatment for future treatment to enhance removal according to the quality standards of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in Indonesia.

18

Innovation of Remazol yellow FG dye adsorption using biochar from coffee fruit shell waste

Sukarta I Nyoman, Suyasa I Wayan Budiarsa, Mahardika I Gede, Suprihatin Iryanti Eka, Sastrawidana I Dewa Ketut

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 1

273--285

EN

The textile industry produces liquid waste containing synthetic dyes, such as Remazol yellow FG, which are difficult to decompose naturally and negatively impact the environment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of biochar derived from coffee fruit shell waste as an adsorbent for removing Remazol yellow FG dye from aqueous solutions. The method used includes pyrolyzing coffee fruit shell at 300 °C for 120 minutes to produce biochar, which is then tested for its dye adsorption capacity through batch experiments with varying dye concentration, pH levels, and contact time. The results showed that coffee fruit shell biochar had a high adsorption capacity at pH 4 and a contact time of 80 minutes. The process of adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model with a value r2 of 0.91507 for non-active biochar adsorbent and 0.92372 for biochar that had been activated with NaOH. Adsorption kinetics followed second-order kinetics with r2 reaching 0.96189 for non-active biochar and 0.96697 for biochar activated with NaOH. The effectiveness of biochar under laboratory conditions highlights its potential as a more economical and environmentally friendly adsorbent compared to commercial activated carbon. This research contributes to the development of liquid waste treatment technologies based on renewable materials, supporting the circular economy in the textile industry.

19

Effectiveness of hematite derived from iron sand for adsorbing chromium (VI) – Characterization, isotherm models, and thermodynamics

Susanti Evi, Fathimah Assyadatina, Zulti Fifia, Nafisyah Eva, Rosidah, Latief Sutanto

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 1

223--233

EN

The industry has suffered major chromium wastewater issues. Chromium is a heavy metal that can threaten both nature and people’s health. Adsorption is a simple, environmentally friendly, and effective process for removing chromium from wastewater. Iron sand is an alternate adsorbent that can adsorb chromium. The iron sand in this research originated from Sukabumi, Indonesia, with a hematite content of 63.335%. The goal of this study is to evaluate the adsorption mechanism of hematite based on adsorbent weight, Cr(VI) initial concentration, pH of the solution, and contact time. This study was conducted experimentally throughout multiple phases. First, hematite was characterized using XRD, BET, FTIR and XRF to assess crystal structure, mineral composition, surface area, functional groups and the percentage of hematite in iron sand. Subsequently, the pH and contact time were optimized. The highest adsorption capacity is then determined using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The study found that hematite has a surface area before and after adsorption of 619.486 m2/g and 334.783 m2/g, with XRD peaks at 2θ = 33.037° and 35.357°, Fe-O bonds with a wavelength of 647.17 cm-1 and hematite content of 63.335%. Optimal Cr(VI) adsorption occurs at pH 1, with a contact time of 120 minutes, Cr(VI) concentration of 50 mg/L, 5.0 g mass of hematite, with an adsorption capacity (Qe), and adsorption efficiency (%) of 3.83 mg/g and 75.95%. The Freundlich isotherm model accurately represents adsorption, revealing a heterogeneous surface. The linear equation of the Freundlich curve is Log Qe = 0.1152 Log Ce + 0.6376, R2 = 0.9999, with the value of adsorption capacity (kf) = 4.3411 mg/g and adsorption intensity (n) = 8.681. The enthalpy of adsorption (ΔHads) at a concentration of 20 mg/L, 2.5 g, pH 3, and 30 minutes is -95.852 kJ/mol, indicating chemisorption.

20

Biosorption technique using water hyacinth plant as an effective and sustainable approach for treating oil refinery waste: Vanadium element as a case study

Al-Hermizy Suadat Mustafa Mohammed, Awadh Halah Abdulkhaliq, Abbas Mohammed Nsaif

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 6

251--272

EN

This study aims to investigate the use of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaves as an adsorbent for vanadium removal from petroleum industry waste. Additionally, it seeks to identify the optimal conditions for maximizing the recovery efficiency of vanadium, a toxic heavy metal. The adsorption performance was evaluated using simulated aqueous solutions with a high concentration of vanadium, a metal released as waste from oil refineries, in a batch adsorption system. The treatment efficiency was studied at different values of acidity, temperature, agitation speed, contact time, and adsorbent dosage, and at 10 ppm concentration of vanadium. The ranges of the studied variables were 1–8, 20–50 °C, 100–500 rpm, 10–150 min, 1–12 g, respectively. The obtained results indicated that the maximum percentage removal was 76.16% and the removal was inversely proportional to temperature and directly proportional to other variables. The morphological test results indicated that vanadium adsorption onto the surface of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) caused an 89% reduction in the surface area of the untreated plant. Additionally, FT-IR and EFSEM analyses revealed significant structural modifications in the adsorption surface, leading to the depletion of most active sites. Furthermore, The Langmuir model best described the obtained data, exhibiting a 99% correlation coefficient. In comparison, the Freundlich and Temkin models had correlation coefficients of 98.56% and 96.44%, respectively. Kinetically, the intra-particle diffusion and pseudo-first-order models provided the most accurate representation of the data among the tested kinetic models, with the intraparticle diffusion model having a slight edge. Based on the thermodynamic function values, the adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic, and exhibited a decrease in randomness across all examined temperature range.