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1

Distribution of fire activity in Africa, criticism of previous explanations based on a data base from 2001 to 2021

Mourjane Mohammed, Tabyaoui Hassan, El Hammichi Fatima

Studia Quaternaria

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2025

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Vol. 42, Nr 1

75--80

EN

Africa is the continent most exposed to fires, accounting for over half of the burned areas and pyrogenic greenhouse gas emissions globally. Fire seasonality in Africa follows the dry seasons, primarily from October to March for the Northern Hemisphere, with a peak in December–January, and from April to October for the Southern Hemisphere, with a peak in August. In 2001, we monitored active fires monthly, observing significant changes based on the seasons. The equatorial and southern regions of Africa showed a higher concentration of fires, less in the north. This variation has been consistent for 21 years, up to 2021. A strong correlation exists between the latitude of African regions and fire abundance. Equatorial countries experience more fires during the period between December and March, while southern countries see more during the other time of year period. Key factors include the accumulation of biomass, which fuels fires during the rainy season, and increasing human pressure, especially due to the need to warm up.

2

Tropospheric water vapor retrievals by Ground-Based GNSS in Africa: A systematic review

Tine Moustapha Gning, Bosser Pierre, Ndiaye Mapathé

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2025

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Vol. 119

71--84

EN

Tropospheric water vapor is a complex parameter due to its spatial and temporal variability, but it is essential for meteorology and study of climate. Faced with high operating costs and traditional low resolutions, Ground-Based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is increasingly used for tropospheric water vapor retrieval. From databases and several query strings, this study examines in different ways the evidence-based studies of water vapor retrieval from African Ground-Based GNSS using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and specific criteria. 30 articles of empirical studies published between 2000 and June 2024 were analysed in depth vis-a-vis research questions. This Systematic Review (SR) includes a mapping of the selected literature, highlighting the distribution and focus of research efforts across Africa. This SR provides new insights by consolidating the evidence on the various approaches used with African Ground Stations. Water vapor time series obtained from GNSS data show consistency with traditional data sources, particularly for seasonal and diurnal cycles. It also highlights the under-exploited potential of GNSS networks in Africa, limited by uneven geographical coverage and a lack of standardization of methodologies, despite significant progress in atmospheric studies, as well as it highlights the advanced techniques that are under-exploredand proposes future research directions, while calling for closer collaboration between scientists and decision-makers to improve access to GNSS data, promote network interoperability, and explore methodological approaches adapted to Africa's specific climatic conditions, in order to maximise the applications of GNSS techniques for water vapor retrieval.

3

Barriers to green supply chain management in Africa

Liahuka Chitandula L., Piricz Noémi

LogForum

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2025

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Vol. 21, no 3

327--345

EN

Background: In response to persistent environmental challenges and growing collective efforts to address them, Africa has witnessed the emergence of green supply chain management (GSCM) as a key approach to mitigate environmental degradation while supporting economic growth. Despite this growing interest, research on GSCM in Africa remains relatively underdeveloped, highlighting a significant gap in both academic research and practical implementation. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of GSCM in Africa by identifying key trends, barriers, and drivers influencing its implementation. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The analysis includes 96 articles published in English between 2013 and 2023, retrieved from databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Results: The findings show a notable increase in GSCM research in Africa since 2016, particularly in the manufacturing, transportation, mining, and energy sectors. Commonly adopted practices include green manufacturing, green logistics, green distribution, eco-design, and green procurement as industries aim to meet regional and global sustainability standards. The study also identifies key barriers to implementation, including poor infrastructure, lack of government support, high implementation costs, management resistance, and weak supplier communication. Major drivers include cost savings, stakeholder pressure, top management support, customer satisfaction, competitive advantage, corporate social responsibility, and government regulations and support. Conclusions: This research underscores the importance of GSCM in promoting sustainable development across Africa and provides a foundation for future studies in this area. Notably, it represents one of the first systematic literature reviews focused specifically on GSCM within the African context.

4

Forecasting protein food production in Africa: trends, challenges, and policy interventions for sustainable food security

Darkwa Benjamin, Danso Kwabena

GIS Odyssey Journal

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2025

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Vol. 5, no. 1

177--187

EN

Food security remains a critical challenge in Africa, particularly as the demand for protein-rich foods rises. Despite possessing vast agricultural potential, the continent struggles with optimizing protein food production due to limited access to modern farming technologies, inadequate storage facilities, and inefficient distribution networks. This study models and forecasts protein food production in Africa from 2020 to 2030 using a forest-based forecasting approach. The analysis focuses on key protein sources, including milk, livestock, eggs, and beans, utilizing data from the Food Production Index. The study employs ArcGIS Pro 2.8.2 to assess production trends and spatial variations across African regions. Findings reveal significant trends, with milk production peaking in 2022, livestock production increasing in 2028, egg production reaching its highest level in 2027, and bean production recording its peak in 2030. The results highlight the need for policy interventions to enhance protein production, particularly in low-performing regions such as Western Sahara, Chad, and Burkina Faso. It is recommended that African governments, stakeholders (such as the African Union) and NGOs should bring strategic investments in infrastructure, technological advancements, and policy frameworks to boost protein food security and support sustainable agricultural development in Africa.

5

Public-private partnership procurement transport infrastructure delivery: assessing the managerial capabilities of public-sector organizations in Africa

Olojede Betty Oluwafunso

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

|

2024

|

z. 122

253--280

EN

The lingering imbalance between infrastructural services demand and supply poses serious threats to the fiscal budget balance from contingent liabilities of African countries. Despite the increasing private investment commitments and adoption of public-private partnership procurement (PPP) options to address the widening infrastructure gaps in Africa, the failure in the delivery of public infrastructure projects is yet a common phenomenon. This study therefore examined the managerial capabilities of public-sector organizations (PSOs), who steer the provisions of public infrastructure, to investigate their readiness to achieve the value for money from private funding and the benefits of PPP options. The study conducted a self-study structured questionnaire survey on professionals in PSOs in Africa, particularly Nigeria, who have been directly involved in the delivery of public infrastructure projects via PPP. The professionals were purposively sampled and the primary data obtained was subjected to descriptive and inferential analysis. The study revealed that the PSOs have internalized about 41 PPP-capabilities for the delivery of public infrastructure projects. Up to 40 PPP-capabilities were exhibited on an average score (41-60%) level, with mean score (MS) value range of 3.13 ≤ MS ≤ 3.70, for the public projects procured. The study established the existence of significant interdependence of p < 0.001, which indicated sufficient correlation between 31 PPP-capabilities and explained the 10 main components of managerial capabilities possessed by the PSOs. Some of the components clustered around public infrastructure planning and adaptability to PPP programme, project delivery parameters and control, suitable public infrastructure procurement knowledge, public policy awareness and innovation, and governance. The study provides information crucial for public infrastructure delivery success towards sustainable national economic recovery and development.

6

China’s security relations with Africa in the 21st century

Krukowska Monika Magdalena

Security and Defence Quarterly

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2024

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Vol. 46, No. 2

4--23

EN

The paper examines China’s increasing security interests in Africa. It seeks to understand the nature and scope of Chinese engagement in peace and security issues on the continent based on its engagement in international and domestic (African) politics. Through literature analysis and logical reasoning, the author intends to define the implications of China’s new role as a security provider. The paper is based on desk research using primary and secondary data and statistical and comparative analysis of official documents, academic research, and media sources. The methods include literature analysis, logical reasoning, statistical research, comparative analysis, and the inductive method to build general theorems. The paper analyses aspects of China’s security engagement on the African continent: its participation in the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations, small arms exports, and Beijing’s sharing of technology with African partners. China’s engagement in Africa’s security helps to advance its vital economic and political interests, with limited impact on African security. Key lessons for African partners are offered. The last decades have seen an extraordinary increase in China’s economic and political ties with Africa. Security cooperation followed massive Chinese investments and thousands of Chinese nationals working on the continent. China’s security engagement in Africa protects Beijing’s interests regarding access to resources, markets, political influence, and social credibility. It has little to do with a benevolent will to help Africa deal with instability or economic underdevelopment. African partners must make necessary efforts to avoid further dependence on China.

7

Web Accessibility Status of Open Access Journals in Africa: A 2024 Snapshot

Nso-Mangue Pastor, Luján-Mora Sergio

Journal of Computer Sciences Institute

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2024

|

Vol. 33

292--297

EN

Open access journals (OAJs) allow access to scientific articles free of charge worldwide. Therefore, OAJs plays an important role in disseminating scientific knowledge to the world. The access to OAJs is primarily via the Web, which still present barriers to persons with disabilities. Currently, 16% of the world's population lives with some form of disability and cannot enjoy equal access to the Web. Access to the Web is a human right under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and a key aspect of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. In Africa, approximately 80 million people with disabilities face barriers to equal access to the Web. Despite the potential benefits of the adoption of OAJs in developing countries, there are not a lot of studies on their accessibility by persons with disabilities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Web accessibility of OAJs in Africa against the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). A selection of OAJs, from the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), is evaluated against WCAG 2.1 using three automated web accessibility evaluation tools (AWAETs): Mauve++, Lighthouse and WAVE. The results show that African OAJ websites are not fully compliant to WCAG 2.1. Although in average, the performance is good, further improvements are needed to ensure equal access to all, by reducing errors and increasing the implementation of Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA).

PL

Czasopisma o otwartym dostępie (OAJ) umożliwiają bezpłatny dostęp do artykułów naukowych na całym świecie. Dlatego OAJ odgrywają ważną rolę w rozpowszechnianiu wiedzy naukowej na świecie. Dostęp do OAJ odbywa się przede wszystkim za pośrednictwem Internetu, co w dalszym ciągu stanowi barierę dla osób niepełnosprawnych. Obecnie 16% światowej populacji cierpi na jakąś formę niepełnosprawności i nie może cieszyć się równym dostępem do sieci. Dostęp do sieci jest prawem człowieka na mocy Konwencji o prawach osób niepełnosprawnych (CRPD) i kluczowym aspektem osiągnięcia Celów Zrównoważonego Rozwoju. W Afryce około 80 milionów osób niepełnosprawnych napotyka bariery w równym dostępie do sieci. Pomimo potencjalnych korzyści płynących z przyjęcia OAJ w krajach rozwijających się, nie ma zbyt wielu badań dotyczących ich dostępności dla osób niepełnosprawnych. Celem tego badania jest ocena dostępności sieci OAJ w Afryce w porównaniu z wytycznymi dotyczącymi dostępności treści internetowych (WCAG). OAJ z Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) są oceniane pod kątem zgodności z WCAG 2.1 przy użyciu trzech automatycznych narzędzi oceny dostępności sieci (AWAET): Mauve++, Lighthouse i WAVE. Wyniki pokazują, że strony internetowe afrykańskiego OAJ nie są w pełni zgodne z WCAG 2.1. Chociaż średnia wydajność jest dobra, potrzebne są dalsze ulepszenia, aby zapewnić wszystkim równy dostęp poprzez ograniczenie błędów i zwiększenie liczby zastosowań dostępnych bogatych aplikacji internetowych (ARIA).

8

Digital solidarity through spatial data - an EU and African perspective

Hajduk Paweł, Obinna Chukwuma Victor

GIS Odyssey Journal

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2024

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Vol. 4, no. 2

101--116

EN

This paper discusses the role of spatial data in digital solidarity projects, which refers to a novel use of digital technologies by individuals and NGOs to support each other and collaborate, especially during crises. With ongoing challenges that might be recognised as one polycentric structural global crisis, digital solidarity has become increasingly important. Empowered by digital transformation, spatial data may play a vital role in these efforts. The paper examines the concept of digital solidarity in broad and narrow understanding, provides the EU and African examples of digital solidarity projects utilising spatial data and analyses the potential of the EU Data Spaces and African frameworks in supporting spatial data-driven digital solidarity projects.

9

Assessing Hydrological Drought in the Nekor Watershed Using the Streamflow Drought Index: Patterns, Trends, and Implications

Okacha Abdelmonaim, Salhi Adil, Abdelrahman Kamal, Lahrichi Kamal, Fattasse Hamid, Bouchouou Mounir, Mondal Biraj Kanti

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

|

Vol. 25, iss. 9

251--267

EN

The Nekor Watershed, situated in the northwest corner of Africa, experiences significant climatic variability, posing challenges for water management. This study assesses hydrological drought in the Nekor Watershed from 1945 to 2016 and analyzes its socio-economic impacts on agriculture and population distribution. The purpose of this research is to understand the extent and trends of hydrological drought in the Nekor Watershed and its socio-economic consequences, particularly on agriculture and population dynamics. The study employs the Standardized Runoff Efficiency Index (SDI), drought duration, severity (S), magnitude (M), and relative frequency (RF) metrics, along with the Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s Slope analysis to evaluate hydrological drought. It integrates statistically representative data on cereal crop yields, livestock populations, and results from the General Population and Housing Census to understand the socioeconomic impacts. Analysis reveals substantial climatic variability with pronounced dry and wet periods. Notably, the autumn season exhibits a weak positive trend in hydrological drought, indicating a slight increase in severity over the years. Conversely, the spring season shows a negative trend in hydrological drought, indicating a decrease in severity over the years, especially in the month of May. A broader trend towards increasing hydrological drought emerges, particularly since the 1980s. These dry decades pose significant challenges for the region’s socio-economic sectors, including agriculture and population distribution. The study is limited by the availability and quality of historical hydrological and socioeconomic data, which may affect the precision of trend analyses and impact assessments. Future research could benefit from more granular and continuous data sets. Understanding the trends and impacts of hydrological drought in the Nekor Watershed provides critical insights for water management policies and strategies, helping to mitigate socio-economic risks associated with drought. This study is novel in its comprehensive analysis of long-term hydrological drought trends in the Nekor Watershed and their socio-economic impacts. The integration of diverse data sets and advanced statistical methods enhances the robustness of the findings, contributing significantly to the scientific understanding of drought dynamics in this region.

10

Niepewność, chaos i kompromitacja

Wiśniewski Janusz

Chemia Przemysłowa

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2023

|

Nr 1

24--26

PL

Dla podsumowania obrazu polskiej chemii w 2022 roku najlepsze są słowa: niepewność, chaos i kompromitacja. A przyszłość – będzie trudna.

11

Cesarskie ogrody Etiopii

Kożuszek Radosław

Zieleń Miejska

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2022

|

Nr 10

52--55

PL

Dawne ogrody cesarzy etiopskich nie miały sobie równych w całej Afryce. Na Czarnym Lądzie tylko tam stworzono kult piękna polegający na otaczaniu pałaców zielenią.

12

COVID-19: Vaccine Hesitancy in Africa and the Way Forward

Omeiza Lukman Ahmed, Azad Abul Kalam, Kozak Kateryna, Mafo Abaniwo Rose, Mamudu Ukashat, Oseyemen Daniel Aikhonmu

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2022

|

Vol. 17, nr 2

39--46

EN

COVID-19 pandemic took the world by storm in late 2019, scientists and health authorities across the globe struggle to contain the deadly virus. Socio-economic activities across the globe were partly halted as countries around the world introduce various forms of restrictions to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Most developing countries’ economies, especially in Africa, slid into recession, unemployment among Africa countries skyrocketed to an all-time high, and famine and starvation were beginning to knock harder on poorer nations around the world. The race to develop a vaccine was pressing harder; developed countries continue to pump more money to help develop a vaccine within the shortest period of time, as that seems the only viable solution to the economic downturn of the global world. Finally, vaccines were developed and proved to have high efficacy. This has helped reverse the negative trend of the global economy caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This vaccine faced a lot of global scrutinies; people have refused to get vaccinated and have also rejected the idea of making COVID-19 vaccination compulsory for citizens worldwide. This study analyzes the challenges posed by this ugly trend of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in African countries, its socio-economic consequences and the way forward.

13

Rozwój energetyki w Etiopii

Gierlotka Stefan

Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

|

2021

|

R. 89, nr 1

40-42

PL

Etiopia należy do najuboższych krajów świata. Usytuowana jest wysoko nad poziomem morza i obejmuje bardzo zróżnicowane krajobrazy. Tu przebiega Wielki Rów Afrykański, stanowiący system wielu obniżeń tektonicznych. Etiopia, licząca ponad 105 mln mieszkańców, jest drugim pod względem liczby ludności państwem w Afryce.

14

Uchodźcy i imigranci z kontynentu afrykańskiego i Bliskiego Wschodu a bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne Unii Europejskiej i Polski

Usewicz Teresa, Kroplewski Jarosław

Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego

|

2021

|

R. XV

97--128

PL

Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą analizy skutków przyjmowania imigrantów zarówno dla bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego UE, jak i Polski. Scharakteryzowano w nim również skalę imigracji, jej kierunki oraz przyjęte rozwiązania dotyczące podziału imigrantów w ramach UE i Polski.

EN

This article is an attempt to analyze the effects of admission immigrants to both the internal security of the EU and Poland. It also characterized the scale of immigration, trends and the solutions adopted for the distribution of immigrants within the EU and Poland.

15

Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic on Financial Market Stability in Africa

Emenike Kalu O.

Problemy Ekorozwoju

|

2021

|

Vol. 16, nr 2

18--25

EN

The outbreak of the coronavirus in December 2019, with its accompanying declaration as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation in March 2020, resulted in lockdown of the global financial markets. This paper uses data from pre-coronavirus, coronavirus endemic and coronavirus pandemic periods to evaluate the impact of coronavirus pandemic on stability of Africa stock markets, sovereign bond markets and U.S. dollar exchange rates in Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria and South Africa as well as Africa Sharia equity and Sukuk indices. Findings from study suggest that Africa financial markets became very unstable during the coronavirus pandemic than during the endemic and pre-coronavirus periods. Results from bivariate regression model show evidence of negative impact of coronavirus pandemic on financial market returns. The results further show that Africa financial markets return volatility increases as the number of coronavirus cases increases. Overall, the findings suggest that coronavirus has negative impact on financial markets’ returns and exacerbated financial markets instability thus retarding sustainable economic development in the continent. JEL Classification Numbers: G10, I12, O55

PL

Pojawienie się w grudniu 20129 r. koronawirusa, wraz z ogłoszeniem przez Światową Organizację Zdrowia w marcu 2020 r. pandemii, spowodowało zablokowanie światowych rynków finansowych. W niniejszym artykule wykorzystano dane z okresów przed koronawirusem, koronawirusa endemicznego i pandemii koronawirusa do oceny wpływu pandemii koronawirusa na stabilność afrykańskich giełd papierów wartościowych, rynków obligacji skarbowych i kursów dolara amerykańskiego w Kenii, Maroko, Nigerii i RPA, w powiazaniu z zasadami szariatu i indeksu Sukuk. Wyniki badań sugerują, że rynki finansowe w Afryce podczas pandemii koronawirusa stały się bardzo niestabilne, o wiele bardziej niż w okresie endemicznym i przed koronawirusem. Wyniki dwuwymiarowego modelu regresji wskazują na negatywny wpływ pandemii koronawirusa na zwroty z rynków finansowych. Wyniki pokazują ponadto, że zmienność zwrotów na afrykańskich rynkach finansowych rośnie wraz ze wzrostem liczby przypadków koronawirusa. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, wyniki sugerują, że koronawirus ma negatywny wpływ na zyski na rynkach finansowych i zaostrza niestabilność rynków finansowych, opóźniając tym samym zrównoważony rozwój gospodarczy na kontynencie.

16

Land suitability analysis for solar farms exploitation using the GIS and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) – a case study of Morocco

Taoufik Meryem, Laghlimi Meriem, Fekri Ahmed

Polityka Energetyczna

|

2021

|

T. 24, z. 2

79--96

EN

Given Morocco’s geographical position and climatic conditions, solar energy will supply a large portion of the country’s energy demand. In this paper, the suitability of Moroccan lands for hosting Solar Power Plants was studied using the combination of the Geographic Information System (GIS) and theAnalytical Hierarchy Method (AHP). The multi-criteria decision framework integrates technical, socio-economic and environmental constraints. For this purpose, a GIS database was created using layers from various sources. In addition, since the potential of Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI) is the most relevant criterion for the selection of solar farms, a high-quality solar satellite map with a spatial resolution of 0.27 km was used, covering a period from 1994 to 2018. Obtained results show a great potential for solar energy development in Morocco, represented by the availability of 90% of areas. In fact, the resulting map was classified into 6 different classes, namely: Very high suitability, High suitability, Moderate suitability, Low suitability, Very low suitability and Exclusion areas, which 53.88%, 24.08%, 0.15%, 0%, 0% and 21.89% are respectively the percentages of their area occupation. According to the performed investigations, the most significant criteria that should be considered include: The Global Horizontal Irradiation, Slope, Temperature and Slope orientation. The obtained map was then compared to the existing solar farms, and show that all the existing projects are located within areas classified as highly suitable.

PL

Biorąc pod uwagę położenie geograficzne i warunki klimatyczne Maroka, energia słoneczna pokryje dużą część zapotrzebowania na energię w tym kraju. W artykule zbadano przydatność terenów marokańskich do lokalizacji elektrowni słonecznych za pomocą połączenia Systemu Informacji Geograficznej (GIS) i metody Analitycznego Procesu Hierarchicznego (AHP). Wielokryterialne ramy decyzyjne uwzględniają ograniczenia techniczne, społeczno-ekonomiczne i środowiskowe. W tym celu utworzono bazę danych GIS przy użyciu danych z różnych źródeł. Ponadto, ponieważ potencjał globalnego nasłonecznienia poziomego (GHI) jest najważniejszym kryterium wyboru farm słonecznych, zastosowano wysokiej jakości słoneczną mapę satelitarną o rozdzielczości przestrzennej 0,27 km, obejmującą okres od 1994 do 2018 roku. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na duży potencjał rozwoju energii słonecznej w Maroku na 90% obszaru kraju. W rzeczywistości otrzymana mapa została podzielona na 6 różnych klas, a mianowicie: bardzo wysoka przydatność, wysoka przydatność, umiarkowana przydatność, niska przydatność, bardzo niska przydatność i obszary wykluczenia, które stanowią odpowiednio: 53,88; 24,08; 0,15; 0; 0; i 21,89 procent zajmowanej powierzchni. Zgodnie z przeprowadzonymi badaniami, do najważniejszych kryteriów, które należy wziąć pod uwagę, należą: globalne nasłonecznienie poziome, nachylenie, temperatura i orientacja nachylenia. Uzyskana mapa została następnie porównana z istniejącymi farmami fotowoltaicznymi i wykazała, że wszystkie istniejące projekty znajdują się na obszarach o wysokiej przydatności.

17

Participation of V4 countries in African peacekeeping missions

Besenyő János

Security and Defence Quarterly

|

2020

|

Vol. 29, No. 2

7--19

EN

The article explores the peacekeeping activities of Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia and the characteristics of their activities on the African continent. The paper examines the African peacekeeping missions carried out by Visegrád countries. The study uses comparative scientific literature and analysis of statements released by these governments and other papers and studies related to the African peacekeeping missions. In addition, I used my own experience from my previous African peacekeeping/peace support missions, and the lessons learned from other African operations published in my previous book about Hungarian peacekeeping missions. In summary, of the Visegrád states with differing levels of training and equipment, Poland was the most active in peace operations in Africa and in the lead, followed by the Czech Republic and Hungary, while Slovakia was the least involved in the African continent. This trend is, moreover, in line with the involvement of the above countries in Africa to date. Although these states cooperate in several areas, this is not the case for African peace operations, although cooperation in this area would be important. The research examines the background to the activities of the V4 countries in peace operations in Africa. The study is particularly important in view of the fact that, for a number of reasons (migration, terrorism), the V4 countries are preparing for greater engagement in Africa, one area of which is peace-support operations.

18

Piractwo somalijskie

Banasiewicz Paulina, Gramala Sara

Roczniki Studenckie Akademii Wojsk Lądowych

|

2020

|

R. 4

45--58

PL

Piractwo jest bardzo ważnym problemem, które pośrednio dotyczy, praktycznie każdego człowieka. Każdy korzysta bowiem z dóbr, które były transportowane drogą morską. Morza i oceany zajmują bardzo dużą powierzchnię kuli ziemskiej, społeczeństwo nie jest w stanie ich kontrolować. Geneza piractwa wiąże się bezpośrednio z powstaniem żeglugi morskiej, świadczy to o tym, iż ludzie od zarania dziejów muszą zmagać się z tym problemem. Szczególnie niebezpiecznym regionem w kwestii piractwa jest Ocean Indyjski, Zatoka Adeńska i Róg Afryki. Zaangażowanie organizacji międzynarodowych sprawiło, iż obecnie piractwo na tych obszarach ustępuje, nie zmienia to faktu, iż należy nieustannie kontrolować sytuację i inwigilować obiekty, które przemieszczają się tamtejszymi trasami.

EN

Piracy is a very important problem that indirectly affects practically every person. Everyone uses the goods that were transported by sea. The origin of piracy is related to the emergence of shipping. A particulary dangerous area for piracy is the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Aden and the Horn of Africa. Due to the involvement of international organizations, piracy in these areas is now subsiding, but this doesn't change the fact that the situation should be constantly monitored and objects that move along these routes must be constantly monitored.

19

Providing transport capacity for peace operations in Africa

Jacuch Andrzej, Rychlewski Przemysław, Sokołowski Wojciech

Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego

|

2020

|

R. XIV

109--133

EN

The article is aimed at question how nations can better support the United Nations missions in Africa with focus on their transport operations, including military support and commercial transport. The intention is to fill a gap in literature on the most needed specialist enablers – military transport.

20

Prace geologów Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego za granicą

Salski Wojciech

Przegląd Geologiczny

|

2020

|

Vol. 68, nr 5

437--448

EN

Geologists of the Polish Geological Institute carried out their professional activities abroad as part of geological expeditions, in teams of several people and on individual contracts, including as experts of the United Nations. In terms of the scope of work, most of their activities were focued on research on mineral resources, mapping, geochemistry, hydrogeology and geophysics, as well as on teaching of geology at the university level. The beginnings date back to the turn of the 1950s. It began with a geological expedition to Vietnam. Mongolia was the goal of subsequent expeditions on a much wider scale. The researches were conducted from the beginning of the 1960s until the end of the 1980s. The contracts, performed in groups of several people and individually, covered about 20 countries; most of them on the African continent. They focused primarily on the search for metal ore deposits, hard coal, and chemical and rock raw materials. PGI geologists also worked as UN experts in Benin, Burundi, Chad, Gabon, Haiti, India, Madagascar, Mauritania and Niger. The results of their work on various continents were the discoveries of numerous mineral deposits and the recognition of geological structure over an area of thousands of square kilometres.