Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Dichotomous nature of safety using the Haddon matrix

Wojtyto Dorota

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2026

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nr 85 (157)

24--31

EN

The risk management process in an organization consists of several stages, during which various methods, techniques, and tools are used. Their selection depends on the specifics of the company and the possibility of their application, given the current space-time conditions and the possession of specific resources. The most popular tools are SWOT analysis, brainstorming, and methods of studying the environment, etc. Sometimes, however, in a more complicated situation in an organization relating to the occurrence of risk, these methods may prove insufficient. They can be supported by solutions based on the Haddon model, which is based on several important factors discussed in detail in three dimensions: before a given event (risk), during its duration, and after the event. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the Haddon matrix tool that can be used in the risk management process at the stage of both risk identification and response. The paper also focuses on the practical application of the Haddon matrix for frequently occurring risks in an organization. Moreover, the application of the Haddon matrix for one of the risks occurring in a selected production company is presented.

2

The Application of Blockchain Technology in Combating Maritime Piracy: Potential Benefits and Challenges

Rozbiewska S.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2026

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Vol. 20 No. 1

203--208

EN

Maritime piracy remains a persistent threat to global trade and maritime security, demanding innovative countermeasures. This paper explores the potential of blockchain technology as a transformative tool in enhancing maritime safety and combating piracy. With its decentralized, transparent, and tamper-resistant architecture, blockchain offers significant advantages in tracking vessels and cargo in real time, securing transport documentation, and automating processes through smart contracts. The study highlights real-world applications such as TradeLens, CargoX, Guardtime, and VeChain, which illustrate the technology’s utility in strengthening maritime logistics and anti-piracy efforts. Despite these benefits, the paper also addresses key implementation challenges, including the lack of standardized protocols, high initial costs, integration difficulties with legacy systems, and the need for international collaboration. Ultimately, the article argues that while blockchain is not a panacea, it holds substantial promise as a strategic asset in the fight against maritime piracy.

3

Analysis of Coordinated Activities of the Coast Guard within the Central Coordination System for the Surveillance and Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Republic of Croatia in the Adriatic Sea - Eastern Part

Carević I., Mihanović L., Dedo M., Sunko T.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2026

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Vol. 20 No. 2

251--258

EN

This paper analyses the coordinated activities of the Coast Guard of the Republic of Croatia and state administration bodies in the period from 2020 to 2024, focused on the control and protection of national rights and interests at sea. As a key component of the maritime monitoring system, the Coast Guard faces challenges such as search and rescue at sea, illegal fishing, marine pollution, human and goods trafficking, and piracy. In joint activities with the competent state administration bodies, it acts as an authorized body established by the Central Coordination for Surveillance and Protection of the Maritime Rights and Interests of the Republic of Croatia. The analysis of available data, processed using the MATLAB programming language, indicates the importance of procuring new vessels, whose use has resulted in significant progress in the conservation of marine resources. The results indicate the need for further fleet modernization to maintain a high level of operational efficiency in protecting the interests of the Republic of Croatia on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea.

4

Analysis of business uncertainty in the reefer container sector in the VUCA era of industry 4.0. case study

Hadi W., Azisah N., Andarwati E.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2026

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Vol. 20 No. 1

223--228

EN

This study examines the phenomenon of uncertainty in the reefer container business within the VUCA era (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity), focusing on a domestic route case study of PT.XXX. The background of this research lies in the demand for fresh product delivery, which faces uncertainties in market conditions. The objective of the study is to identify the factors of uncertainty, classify their impacts based on relevant divisions, and provide mitigation solutions. The research methodology employed is a qualitative case study, involving observations, questionnaires, and documentation. The findings reveal that uncertainties stem from government policies, delays in vessel schedules, and fluctuations in operational costs such as fuel prices and freight tariffs. The study concludes that cross-division collaboration and improved mitigation strategies are crucial to maintaining business stability. It is recommended to enhance employee training, strengthen technology integration, and establish strategic partnerships with logistics partners to minimize the impact of uncertainties.

5

Abandoned at Sea and Stranded in Port: Analysis of Abandonment of Seafarers and Measures for Prevention

Simic L., Hess M., Francic V., Rukavina B.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2026

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Vol. 20 No. 1

209--216

EN

Abandonment of seafarers is one of the most severe challenges faced by maritime workers and is defined in the Maritime Labour Convention 2006 (MLC 2006). It refers to a situation where shipowners fail to meet their obligations, such as wages, repatriation or essential resources such as food, water and medical care, leaving seafarers stranded and without necessary support for an extended period. This paper analyses the cases of abandonment available in the joint International Labour Organisation (ILO) / International Maritime Organisation (IMO) database on abandonment of seafarers from 2019 to the end of 2024. The analysis focuses on the different roles of flag state, port state and International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITF). The most frequently abandoned ship flags were compared with the white, grey and black list of the Paris Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) and the MLC 2006 detention database. Despite international conventions, there are still cases of abandonment worldwide, and they have a constant upward trend. In the analysed period, 795 cases of abandonment were registered. 72,45% of all cases reported in the analysed period, occurred within the last three years. 75,47% of all abandonment incidents involved ships registered under the Flag of Convenience. In resolving abandonment cases, all entities involved, such as the ILO, IMO, ITF, flag state and port state need to work together to resolve abandonment cases as quickly as possible, considering the mental health and well-being of seafarers. The paper proposes measures to strengthen the protection of seafarers and ensure accountability in the maritime industry.

6

A Seaports' Perspective on Resilience and Preparedness for Challenges of the Evolving World

Wolska P., Nasur J.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2026

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Vol. 20 No. 1

63--71

EN

Recent events such as the COVID-19 pandemic revealed intrinsic vulnerabilities embedded within the globalized system of maritime transportation and the economy as a whole. To counteract similar disruptions in the future, certain actions must be undertaken by industry players, such as maritime administrations, shippers, and seaports. The current study is focused on the latter. It utilizes an expert elicitation through Computer Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) intending to identify how aware the seaport administrators and managers are of the dangers of today’s globalized economy and how they intend to counteract these. Herein study focuses on the perspective of worldwide seaports' representatives by taking into account a wide set of potential challenges. The considered threats are not only limited to environment-related ones but also include safety and security matters as well as the introduction of disruptive technologies utilized in the maritime transportation of the new era.

7

Pułapki i ryzyka wdrażania sztucznej inteligencji w przemyśle chemicznym

Wójtowicz-Rutkowska Justyna, Litwinowicz Magdalena, Capała Wiesław, Łysik Paweł, Jeromkin Michał

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2026

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T. 105, nr 5

487--494

PL

Systemy sztucznej inteligencji są coraz częściej integrowane z instalacjami chemicznymi jako narzędzia wspierające predykcyjne utrzymanie ruchu, monitorowanie procesu oraz optymalizację pracy. Ich zastosowanie wpływa na sposób podejmowania decyzji operacyjnych oraz może modyfikować podział odpowiedzialności w organizacji. Przeanalizowano technologiczne i organizacyjne ryzyka związane z wykorzystaniem AI, w tym ograniczenia wynikające z jakości danych, zakresu stosowalności modeli oraz utraty trafności w czasie, a także konsekwencje dla bezpieczeństwa procesu. Zwrócono uwagę na zjawisko nadmiernego polegania na rekomendacjach algorytmów oraz na ograniczenia modeli trenowanych na danych historycznych. W instalacjach przemysłowych odpowiedzialność za decyzje techniczne pozostaje po stronie zespołu prowadzącego proces. Narzędzia AI stosowane w instalacjach chemicznych nie stanowią warstwy bezpieczeństwa w rozumieniu norm bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego, dlatego wymagają formalnego nadzoru w całym cyklu życia oraz włączenia do (management of change).

EN

Technol. and organizational risks associated with use of artificial intelligence were analyzed. Data qual. limitations, restricted model applicability, performance degradation over time, and implications for process safety were taken into consideration. Particular attention was given to overreliance on algorithmic recommendations and the inherent limitations of models trained on historical data.

8

cPAID niezależna od platformy architektura ochrony przed atakami typu „adversarial AI” w środowiskach krytycznych

Kopertowski Zbigniew, Warzocha R.

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2026

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nr 2

14--18

PL

Sztuczna inteligencja (AI) jest coraz szerzej wykorzystywana w środowiskach krytycznych, takich jak: opieka zdrowotna, automatyka przemysłowa, systemy autonomiczne oraz operacje cyberbezpieczeństwa. Jednocześnie systemy AI stają się celem rosnącej liczby zagrożeń, w tym ataków typu data poisoning, evasion, model extraction, model inversion, a także socjotechniki wspieranej przez modele generatywne. W artykule przedstawiono prace w projekcie cPAID (Cloud-Based Platform- Agnostic Adversarial AI Defence Framework) – chmurową, modularną i niezależną od platformy architekturę ochrony przed zagrożeniami wymierzonymi w systemy AI. W artykule przedstawiono prace projektowe obejmujące analizę luk w systemach AI, wymagania funkcjonalne i niefunkcjonalne dla systemu ochrony, jego architekturę wysokiego poziomu oraz pięć pilotaży walidacyjnych. Proponowane rozwiązanie integruje siedem kluczowych elementów: Data Fabric, Generative Adversarial AI (GenAAI), meta-SIEM (mSIEM), AI-assisted Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (AIPS), Risk Management for AI (RI MA), Adversarial AI Cyber Range oraz metodykę MLPrivSecOps. Architektura systemu jest obecnie walidowana w obszarach monitorowania baterii pojazdów elektrycznych, wykrywania pożarów lasów z dronów, ochrony urządzeń medycznych, autonomii morskiej oraz szkolenia ekspertów cyberbezpieczeństwa. System cPAID stanowi podstawę dla bezpiecznego, wyjaśnialnego, zgodnego z regulacjami i odpornego na ataki wdrażania AI w heterogenicznych środowiskach operacyjnych.

EN

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly deployed in critical domains such as healthcare, industrial monitoring, autonomous systems, and cybersecurity operations. At the same time, AI-enabled systems are exposed to a broad range of threats, including data poisoning, evasion, model inversion, model extraction, prompt manipulation, and AI-enhanced social engineering. This paper presents cPAID (Cloud-Based Platform- Agnostic Adversarial AI Defence Framework), a modular and cloud-based framework designed to improve the resilience, explainability, compliance, and trustworthiness of AI systems. The paper synthesises cPAID project work by outlining the motivation, requirements engineering process, high-level architecture, and pilot validation strategy. The proposed framework integrates seven main components: Data Fabric, Generative Adversarial AI (GenAAI), meta-SIEM (mSIEM), AI-assisted Intrusion Detection and Prevention System (AIPS), Risk Management for AI (RIMA), Adversarial AI Cyber Range, and the MLPrivSecOps methodology. The cPAID system will be validated through five pilots: in electric vehicle battery monitoring, wildfire detection from drones, ICU medical device protection, maritime autonomy, and cybersecurity expert training. The cPAID framework provides a foundation for secure-by-design, privacy-aware, explainable, and regulation-aligned adversarial AI defence across heterogeneous operational environments.

9

Cybersecurity management in organizations as a component of modern management systems : Integrating governance, risk, and continuous improvement

Markiewicz Izabela

Nowoczesne Systemy Zarządzania

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2026

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T. 21, nr 1

41--52

EN

Research objectives and hypothesis/research questions: The primary objective of this study is to identify the key success factors for embedding digital asset protection within the broader framework of corporate governance. The research is founded on the hypothesis that the effectiveness of digital protection is significantly higher in organizations where cybersecurity is managed as a strategic risk rather than a technical cost. Research methods: This study is grounded in Systems Theory and the Socio-Technical Systems (STS) perspective, which views cybersecurity as an interaction between technology, people, and organizational hierarchy. The research procedure was executed in three distinct stages: a systematic review of contemporary literature on the subject, a comparative analysis of international security frameworks (specifically ISO/IEC 27001 and NIST), and the subsequent synthesis of an integrated four-layer management model. The methodology relies on qualitative research methods, specifically qualitative content analysis of academic journals and industry standards. The research instruments utilized include standardized data extraction sheets for thematic coding and the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) framework to evaluate organizational progress. By employing these qualitative tools, the study identifies the intersection points where technical controls become strategic management assets, ensuring that the resulting model is both theoretically sound and practically applicable to modern organizations. Main results: The research concludes that a lack of executive level engagement and „siloed” IT structures are the primary barriers to effective defense, leading to the development of a four-layer model that integrates governance, end-to-end processes, performance measurement, and maturity-based continuous improvement. Implications for theory and practice: Theoretically, this study shifts the academic focus from infrastructure protection to cybersecurity governance by treating security decisions as fundamental business resource allocations. Practically, it mandates that organizations integrate digital risk into Enterprise Risk Management frameworks, prioritize cyber resilience over simple prevention, and move away from „paper-based” compliance toward a functional security culture.

PL

Cel badań i hipotezy/pytania badawcze: Głównym celem badania jest identyfikacja kluczowych czynników sukcesu w zakresie wdrażania ochrony zasobów cyfrowych w szerszych ramach ładu korporacyjnego. Badanie opiera się na hipotezie, że skuteczność ochrony cyfrowej jest znacznie wyższa w organizacjach, w których cyberbezpieczeństwo jest traktowane jako ryzyko strategiczne, a nie koszt techniczny. Metody badawcze: Badanie opiera się na teorii systemów i perspektywie systemów społeczno-technicznych (STS), która postrzega cyberbezpieczeństwo jako interakcję między technologią, ludźmi i hierarchią organizacyjną. Procedura badawcza została przeprowadzona w trzech odrębnych etapach: systematyczny przegląd współczesnej literatury przedmiotu, analiza porównawcza międzynarodowych ram bezpieczeństwa (w szczególności ISO/IEC 27001 i NIST) oraz późniejsza synteza zintegrowanego czterowarstwowego modelu zarządzania. Metodologia opiera się na jakościowych metodach badawczych, a konkretnie na jakościowej analizie treści czasopism naukowych i standardów branżowych. Wykorzystane narzędzia badawcze obejmują standardowe arkusze ekstrakcji danych do kodowania tematycznego oraz ramy zintegrowanego modelu dojrzałości organizacyjnej (Capability Maturity Model Integration, CMMI) do oceny postępów organizacyjnych. Dzięki zastosowaniu tych narzędzi jakościowych w badaniu zidentyfikowano punkty przecięcia, w których kontrole techniczne stają się strategicznymi zasobami zarządzania, zapewniając, że powstały model jest zarówno teoretycznie uzasadniony, jak i praktycznie zastosowalny w nowoczesnych organizacjach. Główne wyniki: Badania wykazały, że brak zaangażowania kadry kierowniczej oraz „silosowe” struktury IT stanowią główne przeszkody dla skutecznej ochrony, co doprowadziło do opracowania czteropoziomowego modelu integrującego zarządzanie, kompleksowe procesy, pomiar wydajności oraz ciągłe doskonalenie oparte na dojrzałości. Implikacje dla teorii i praktyki: Teoretycznie badanie to przesuwa akademickie zainteresowanie z ochrony infrastruktury na zarządzanie cyberbezpieczeństwem, traktując decyzje dotyczące bezpieczeństwa jako podstawowe alokacje zasobów biznesowych. W praktyce nakazuje organizacjom integrację ryzyka cyfrowego z ramami zarządzania ryzykiem przedsiębiorstwa (ERM), priorytetowe traktowanie odporności cybernetycznej zamiast prostej prewencji oraz odejście od „papierowej” zgodności na rzecz funkcjonalnej kultury bezpieczeństwa.

10

Method for assessing the risk of user compromise based on individual security profile

Lehominova Svitlana, Zaporozhchenko Mykhailo, Kapeliushna Tetiana, Shchavinsky Yuriy, Muzhanova Tetiana

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2026

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T. 16, nr 1

130--137

EN

This article presents a method for assessing the risk of user compromise in corporate information systems caused by social engineering cyberattacks. The approach integrates an evaluation of the individual security profile of each user – based on psychological, organizational, technical, and information influence factors – with graph-based modelling of internal interactions within the organization. Unlike most existing methods that focus solely on isolated user characteristics or assume a single-stage (direct) cyberattack scenario, the proposed method accounts for the propagation of cyberattacks through multi-stage trajectories in communication networks. A formalized four-phase model of social engineering cyberattack implementation is developed, with each phase described as a function of interacting factors. Conditional probabilities are estimated using dynamic coefficients that reflect both the base value and the contextual impact of modifying factors. A graph-based procedure is introduced to calculate the probability of multi-stage compromise based on the structure and intensity of user interactions (e.g., project participation, communication frequency, hierarchical relationships, and shared access to information assets). The proposed method was validated through individual user security profiling, followed by scenario-based modeling of multi-stage social engineering attack propagation on a representative subset. Results show that users with strong individual protection can remain vulnerable due to their position in critical communication chains. The visualization of trajectories exceeding a defined probability threshold supports the identification of high-risk paths and intermediary nodes that require prioritized protection measures. The main scientific contribution lies in combining individualized risk assessment with system-level propagation modelling using interpretable and adaptable mathematical constructs. The method does not require large volumes of empirical data, which ensures its practical applicability even in conditions of limited access to internal information. Future research will focus on automating data collection for factor assessment, adapting the model for real-time operation, and extending it through advanced modelling of behavioral attack scenarios.

PL

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono metodę oceny ryzyka naruszenia bezpieczeństwa użytkowników w korporacyjnych systemach informatycznych spowodowanego cyberatakami wykorzystującymi socjotechnikę. Podejście to łączy ocenę indywidualnego profilu bezpieczeństwa każdego użytkownika – opartą na czynnikach psychologicznych, organizacyjnych, technicznych i informacyjnych – z modelowaniem opartym na grafach wewnętrznych interakcji w organizacji. W przeciwieństwie do większości istniejących metod, które koncentrują się wyłącznie na izolowanych cechach użytkownika lub zakładają scenariusz cyberataku jednoetapowego (bezpośredniego), proponowana metoda uwzględnia rozprzestrzenianie się cyberataków poprzez wieloetapowe trajektorie w sieciach komunikacyjnych. Opracowano sformalizowany czterofazowy model realizacji cyberataku socjotechnicznego, w którym każda faza jest opisana jako funkcja współdziałających czynników. Prawdopodobieństwa warunkowe są szacowane przy użyciu współczynników dynamicznych, które odzwierciedlają zarówno wartość bazową, jak i kontekstowy wpływ czynników modyfikujących. Wprowadzono pro cedurę opartą na grafach w celu obliczenia prawdopodobieństwa wieloetapowego naruszenia bezpieczeństwa w oparciu o strukturę i intensywność interakcji użytkowników (np. udział w projekcie, częstotliwość komunikacji, relacje hierarchiczne i wspólny dostęp do zasobów informacyjnych). Proponowana metoda została zweryfikowana poprzez indywidualne profilowanie bezpieczeństwa użytkowników, a następnie modelowanie oparte na scenariuszach wieloetapowego rozprzestrzeniania się ataków socjotechnicznych na reprezentatywnej podgrupie. Wyniki pokazują, że użytkownicy posiadający silną indywidualną ochronę mogą pozostawać podatni na zagrożenia ze względu na swoją pozycję w krytycznych łańcuchach komunikacyjny ch. Wizualizacja trajektorii przekraczających określony próg prawdopodobieństwa pomaga w identyfikacji ścieżek wysokiego ryzyka i węzłów pośrednich, które wymagają priorytetowych środków ochrony. Główny wkład naukowy polega na połączeniu zindywidualizowanej oceny ryzyka z modelowaniem pro pagacji na poziomie systemu przy użyciu interpretowalnych i adaptowalnych konstrukcji matematycznych. Metoda nie wymaga dużych ilości danych empirycznych, co zapewnia jej praktyczną przydatność nawet w warunkach ograniczonego dostępu do informacji wewnętrznych. Przyszłe badania b ędą koncentrować się na automatyzacji gromadzenia danych do oceny czynników, dostosowaniu modelu do działania w czasie rzeczywistym oraz rozszerzeniu go poprzez zaawansowane modelowanie scenariuszy ataków behawioralnych.

11

Zrównoważone zarządzanie wodą w energetyce jako element bezpieczeństwa środowiskowego państwa

Telega Adrianna

Energetyka

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2026

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nr 5

203--215

PL

Zrównoważone zarządzanie wodą w energetyce można rozpatrywać jako jeden z praktycznych sposobów wzmacniania bezpieczeństwa środowiskowego państwa, ponieważ łączy ochronę zasobów i ekosystemów wodnych z utrzymaniem stabilności działania infrastruktury krytycznej. Woda pozostaje ważna dla wielu segmentów łańcucha energii (m.in. wytwarzania, chłodzenia i procesów technologicznych), a obserwacje z ostatnich lat w Europie sugerują, że stres wodny (susze, niskie stany wód, podwyższone temperatury wód) może okresowo ograniczać dostępność części mocy wytwórczych oraz zwiększać presję na odbiorniki. W tym ujęciu gospodarka wodna w energetyce może wpływać równolegle na jakość środowiska i odporność systemu energetycznego. Celem artykułu jest uporządkowanie zależności w układzie woda-energia-środowisko oraz wskazanie, w jaki sposób praktyki zrównoważonej gospodarki wodnej mogą wspierać bezpieczeństwo środowiskowe państwa.

EN

Sustainable water management in the energy sector can be viewed as one of the practical ways to strengthen a country’s environmental security, since it combines the protection of water resources and aquatic ecosystems with maintaining the stable operation of critical infrastructure. Water remains a crucial issue for many segments of the energy value chain (i.a., generation, cooling, and technological processes) and recent observations in Europe suggest that water stress (drought, low water levels, elevated water temperatures) can periodically constrain the availability of part of the generation capacity and increase pressure on receiving water bodies. From this perspective, water management in the energy sector can simultaneously affect environmental quality and the energy system resilience. The article aims to structure the interdependencies within the water–energy–environment nexus and to indicate how sustainable water management practices can support a country’s environmental security.

12

The critical factors for successfully applying lean tools in the Egyptian construction sector

Shaqour Eman, Alshafei Islam A., AbuKarki Hanan, Almashhour Rashwan T. N.

Budownictwo i Architektura

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2026

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Vol. 25, no. 1

art. no 26004

EN

Lean construction has gained global recognition for improving efficiency, yet its adoption in Egypt remains hindered by numerous barriers. This study empirically investigates the key factors influencing the successful implementation and adoption of lean construction practices in Egypt. Using a data-driven methodology, the research identifies the five most critical CSFs are: awareness of lean philosophy, elimination of design errors, effective management of the production chain, strong collaborative relationships, and a robust work plan with comprehensive risk planning. An extensive review of previous research was conducted to identify Critical Success Factors (CSFs), resulting in a list of 27 factors included in a survey. A questionnaire was distributed to 162 practitioners involved in construction projects to evaluate the significance of these CSFs in the Egyptian context. Various statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, including validity and reliability tests, descriptive statistics for ranking the CSFs, and principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the primary drivers of lean construction success. Beyond demonstrating established CSFs, the findings underscore their contextual relevance in a developing economy, offering practical guidance for industry stakeholders and extending theoretical insights into lean implementation across construction environments.

13

Revitalization of stevedoring activities, risk management and relocation of logistics processes in Ukrainian agribusiness

Nitsenko Vitalii, Tepliuk Mariia, Velychko Oleksandr, Koliadenko Svitlana, Hanzhurenko Iryna, Melnichenko Oksana, Moskvichenko Iryna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 126

171--188

EN

The article investigates risk management in the stevedoring activity and entropy provision of logistics processes in the agribusiness of Ukraine, with a focus on the critical role of stevedoring companies in ensuring sustainable development. In the context of current economic turbulence and the need for sustainable development and consumption, effective risk management in logistics processes is extremely important for maintaining the competitiveness of agribusiness, which is one of the leading export sectors of Ukraine. The importance of entropy support of logistics processes is growing due to the need for continuous development and changes in the external environment. The paper analyses the role of stevedoring companies that ensure the reliability and sustainability of logistics chains. The article also considers aspects of the regulatory framework and the need to improve it to increase the flexibility and adaptability of stevedoring companies in crisis situations. The study was conducted using a systematic approach, which includes an analysis of economic and political conditions and specific aspects of logistics processes in the agribusiness of Ukraine. The main attention is paid to the management of entropy processes and their impact on the efficiency of logistics operations. It is highlighted that the proper organization of logistics processes helps to minimize losses and increase the efficiency of supply, which is key for agribusiness in the context of constant development and change. It is shown that stevedoring companies, due to their ability to adapt to changes, have a significant impact on the efficiency of logistics operations and economic indicators of agribusiness. The study found that effective management of entropy processes is crucial for supporting the sustainable development of agribusiness in Ukraine. The need to harmonize Ukrainian legislation with international standards to improve the business environment and attract foreign investors is emphasized. Thus, the study emphasizes the importance of entropy support for logistics processes in agribusiness and the role of stevedoring companies in ensuring the sustainability and competitiveness of this sector in the context of constant change and development.

14

Strategic analysis of implementing UAVs in organisational safety processes

Ewertowski Tomasz, Ludwiczak Daniel

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2025

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Nr 96 (tom 2)

123--149

EN

The study explores the strategic possibilities, benefits and barriers of implementing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the safety management processes of an industrial organisation. The research integrates a SWOT/TOWS analysis with a process-based evaluation of safety operations, examining both internal and external determinants of UAV adoption. The study was based on a specific industrial organisation located in Poland and was limited to Polish conditions only. Results indicate that UAVs can be effectively integrated into most safety processes, particularly in risk identification and assessment, technical monitoring and supervision, incident response, and safety culture development. Their use contributes to faster and safer inspections, reduced exposure to occupational hazards, enhanced situational awareness, and improved decision-making. The analysis confirmed the dominance of Strength–Opportunity (S–O) interactions, suggesting a strong alignment between internal organisational capabilities and external opportunities such as digital transformation and technological innovation. The findings support the adoption of an aggressive (maxi–maxi) strategy, leveraging organisational strengths to exploit favourable environmental conditions while simultaneously addressing economic, legal and technical barriers. The study concludes that UAV technology represents a strategically justified and operationally effective tool for improving organisational resilience, safety and the protection of critical resources.

15

Risk management on the example of the water and sewage industry. Selected aspects

Kóska-Wolny Magdalena, Trela Arkadiusz, Grübel Klaudiusz

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2025

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Nr 93 (tom 2)

45--60

EN

As part of the risk management system, the main document is the risk register, which contains the identification and assessment of basic opportunities and threats in each organization. As regards risk management (ISO 31000:2018 and the Polish standard PN-EN IEC 31010:2020-01), it is necessary to be aware of how a given risk affects the company’s strategy, to identify risk factors and their effects, and to record risks and their categories. Monitoring and adapting the system to the corporate environment is also important. The risk management system should also comprise a plan for implementing corrective actions in case of an identified threat or emerging opportunity (positive risk). Risk management is an ongoing process, not an ad hoc measure. It requires improvement at all levels of the organization and awareness of the importance of this document. Proper identification of risks is a key factor in achieving organizational objectives. The article describes the risk management process on the example of a water and sewage company from southern Poland. The register of identified risks (which is called the “Risk and Opportunity Register” in the analysed enterprise) includes sixteen areas, selected five of which have been described in the article, namely: water production, water supply network, water safety, wastewater and sewage and environmental protection.

16

Operational risk management in cooperation between the military fire protection service and the state fire service: a theoretical, analytical and empirical perspective

Tomaszczuk Alicja

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2025

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Nr 95 (tom 2)

43--60

EN

This article offers a comprehensive analysis of operational risk in the context of cooperation between the State Fire Service and the Military Fire Protection Service. Drawing on a review of relevant literature, an analysis of normative documents, and empirical research conducted among officers of both formations, the study identifies key threat areas that affect the effectiveness of rescue operations. Particular attention is devoted to issues of coordination, communication, resource availability and operational readiness. The article also presents proposals for remedial actions that could be implemented to enhance institutional resilience and improve the efficiency of inter-service cooperation. Overall the study contributes to the development of a systemic approach to risk management within public safety and national defence structures.

17

Operational risk in the operation of Volunteer Fire Department Biegonice – Nowy Sącz

Jarosz Monika Maria

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2025

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Nr 94 (tom 2)

59--79

EN

Volunteer fire departments play a key role in ensuring the safety of local communities, undertaking rescue and firefighting operations in a dynamic and unpredictable operational environment. In the context of the above analyses, the following research question emerges: What are the operational risks in the activities of the Biegonice-Nowy Sącz Volunteer Fire Department (VFD) and what methods can be used to manage them? The article analyses operational risks in the operation of the Biegonice-Nowy Sącz VFD unit based on a survey of its members. The survey made it possible to identify some key risk factors. Based on the results, specific solutions were proposed to minimize the risk. The results of the study are a practical contribution to the development of risk management strategies in emergency services, offering guidance to other units facing similar challenges.

18

Risk management in local government units in the light of management control standards

Tubek Beata

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie

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2025

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Nr 92

75--88

PL

Zarządzanie ryzykiem w jednostkach samorządu terytorialnego w świetle standardów kontroli zarządczej

19

Risks associated with the selection of a designer in a tender process

Jurczak Marlena Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 225

239--250

EN

Purpose: The main objective of this article is an attempt to define the risk factors associated with the selection of a designer in a tender procedure on the example of a biogas plant in Olsztyn. The study aims to understand what risks may arise in the process of selecting a designer and what actions can be taken to minimize them. The results are expected to provide practical guidance for decision-makers and tender participants to increase the efficiency and safety of the entire process. Design/methodology/approach: The theoretical part of the study is based on a review of the literature and familiarization with the tender procedure of the discussed investment. The empirical part, on the other hand, consists of a seminar and a survey. In order to analyse the results obtained, risk assessments were carried out according to the classical approach as a product of the probability of their occurrence and the effects to which they may lead. Findings: Choosing the right designer is crucial for the success of the entire investment. The decision made is not always optimal, despite the use of different selection methods, also taking into account computer tools supporting this process. Research limitations/implications: The limitations of the research are related to conducting the analysis among a selected, small group of designers. Future studies should be extended to include a larger group of experts and for another biogas plant investment in order to compare the results. Also, the interpretation of expert data could have been carried out in many different ways. Practical implications: So far, no similar survey has been carried out, which may be helpful for further tender procedures of this type to raise the investor's awareness when making decisions. Originality/value: The article attempts to identify risk factors, thus showing how complex and ambiguous the decision-making process is, especially in tender proceedings, where many criteria are evaluated, and the choice made is not always optimal. Particular attention should be paid to the important aspects of risk in order to reduce them in the future. The article is mainly addressed to decision-makers of tender processes, but it is also universal in nature, because risk and decision-making accompany people at every step.

20

Risk budget and effectiveness of project implementation monitored with business intelligence tools

Chabior Marcin, Bluszcz Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 228

33--57

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between risk budget definition and the type of project, its total budget, and the level of success of implementation in a public sector entity, using a university as an example. In addition, the paper aims to demonstrate the benefits of using Business Intelligence (BI) tools in the risk budget management process. Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents the results of an analysis of the impact of defining a risk budget on the success of project implementation, based on data from a broader survey aimed at assessing the potential of applying business intelligence solutions to improve project management processes in public institutions. The analysis included 32 organizational and administrative projects, as well as 16 investment projects (infrastructure and construction), implemented in a higher education institution between 2018 and 2024. Findings: The inclusion of a risk budget in project planning has a significant and positive impact on the success of projects. Nevertheless, this practice is not widely used in the surveyed organizations, largely due to the rules of financing projects from external sources. The implementation of business intelligence solutions in the area of project management can provide significant support in the processes of analyzing and monitoring the impact of financial risks on project implementation. Practical implications: The article demonstrates the legitimacy of defining a budget for managing project risks and points out the need to make it mandatory to estimate such budgets in all projects, including those financed from external sources. The use of business intelligence solutions as effective tools in the process of estimating risk budgets is also indicated. Originality/value: The study is a valuable contribution to both the theory and practice of project managers. The results presented can be used as a universal argument to support public entities in justifying the need to estimate risk budgets at the project planning stage, and as a guideline for the development of management based on the Data Driven Model using Business Intelligence solutions.