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1

Wykorzystanie zużytych paneli fotowoltaicznych do syntezy sorbentów wychwytujących gazowe formy rtęci emitowane z konwencjonalnych źródeł energii

Czarna-Juszkiewicz Dorota, Kunecki Piotr, Wdowin Magdalena, Głowienko Tomasz, Osuchowski Łukasz, Lelek Łukasz

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN

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2025

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nr 113

35--44

PL

W pracy poruszono dwa istotne problemy środowiskowe związane z sektorem odnawialnych źródeł energii oraz energetyką konwencjonalną: rosnącą ilość odpadów pochodzących ze zużytych paneli fotowoltaicznych oraz emisję rtęci elementarnej przez źródła konwencjonalne. Zużyte panele fotowoltaiczne zawierają szkodliwe związki (m.in. metale ciężkie: miedź, kadm, ołów, polimery), a ich składowanie stanowi zagrożenie dla środowiska, zatem konieczne jest opracowanie skutecznych metod recyklingu tych odpadów. Z kolei rtęć stanowi trwały i toksyczny pierwiastek, wykazujący zdolność do biomagnifikacji i bioakumulacji, co czyni go szczególnie niebezpiecznym. Antropogeniczna emisja rtęci pochodzi głównie z przemysłu energetycznego i jest regulowana między innymi przez dyrektywę IED (BREF/BAT). Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że produkt po termolizie paneli fotowoltaicznych może być wykorzystany do syntezy zeolitów, które następnie oceniono pod kątem skuteczności usuwania rtęci elementarnej. Materiał otrzymano w reakcji hydrotermalnej, a analiza XRD wykazała obecność zeolitów typu A i Na-P1. Wykorzystując metodę wymiany jonowej, aby poprawić ich zdolność do wiązania rtęci, zeolity zmodyfikowano jonami srebra. Uzyskane sorbenty poddano testom sorpcji rtęci przy użyciu prototypowej instalacji SBPR-1. Próbki wykazały znaczną stabilność wiązania rtęci, co potwierdziły testy desorpcji, która w zależności od badanej próbki była na poziomie 11–35%.

EN

The study addresses two significant environmental issues in the renewable energy sector (RES) and conventional energy: the growing volume of waste from end-of-life photovoltaic panels and the emission of elemental mercury from conventional fossil fuel combustion processes. Photovoltaic panels contain hazardous compounds (e.g., heavy metals such as copper, cadmium, and lead, as well as polymers), and their landfilling poses a threat to the environment. Mercury, in contrast, is a highly persistent and toxic element characterized by its propensity for biomagnification and bioaccumulation, rendering it exceptionally hazardous. Anthropogenic mercury emissions mainly originate from the energy sector and are regulated, among others, by the IED Directive (BREF/BAT). The conducted studies demonstrated that the by-product from the thermolysis of photovoltaic panels can be utilized for the synthesis of zeolites, which were subsequently evaluated for their effectiveness in removing elemental mercury. The material was obtained thorough a hydrothermal reaction, and XRD analysis confirmed the presence of A-type and NaP1 zeolites. Using ion exchange methods, the materials were modified with silver ions to enhance their mercury-binding capacity. The obtained sorbents were subjected to mercury sorption tests using the prototype SBPR-1 installation, demonstrating significant mercury-binding stability, as confirmed by desorption tests, which, depending on the sample tested, was at the level of 11–35%.

2

Mimetite precipitation on Pb-clinoptilolite: an effective approach for arsenate removal from water

Stępień Ewa, Manecki Maciej, Bajda Tomasz

Mineralogia

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2025

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Vol. 56, iss. 1

44--51

EN

This short communication proposes a novel approach to arsenate remediation using in situ precipitation of mimetite [Pb₅(AsO₄)₃Cl], a sparingly soluble mineral phase with an apatite structure. The Pb²⁺ source was provided by a lead-modified zeolite (clinoptilolite) loaded with approximately 70 g Pb/kg. It was reacted with arsenate (50 mg As/L) and chloride (20 mg Cl/L) at initial pH values of 2 and 7. Mimetite crystallized on and in the vicinity of zeolite due to the reaction of Pb(II) desorbed from zeolite with arsenate and chloride ions present in aqueous solution: 5Pb2+ desorbed from zeolite +3AsO3-(4) contamination +Cl-supplied extra =Pb5(As)4)3Cl precipitated. Mimetite formed rapidly resulting in efficient arsenate sequestration. At pH 7, arsenate removal reached 99.88% after 24 hr, with minimal lead release (<0.02 mg/L). These results demonstrate that lead-modified clinoptilolite is a promising material for a coupled sorption–precipitation mechanism which provides an effective strategy for arsenic immobilization in contaminated aqueous systems.

3

Coconut shell biochar as a sustainable approach for nutrient removal from agricultural wastewater

Edwin Tivany, Komala Puti Sri, Mera Mas, Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini, Jamil Zadariana

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2025

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no. 65

177--184

EN

Coconut shell residues are abundant in tropical countries and have the potential to be further processed into biochar. Due to its specific characteristics, biochar has the potential to remove contaminants from wastewater. The intensification of agriculture in these tropical countries produces large volumes of wastewater that require nutrient removal before being discharged into water bodies. Accumulated nutrient in bodies of water can lead to eutrophication. This study investigates the capacity of coconut shell biochar in removing phosphate, ammonium, and nitrate from agricultural wastewater using both batch adsorption and fixed-bed column methods. The nutrient sorption capacity of biochar produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (300°C, 450°C, and 600°C) was evaluated and compared with locally produced biochar from Padang City. Findings indicated that the nutrient adsorption efficiency of coconut shell biochar is influenced by pyrolysis temperature and is comparable to that of local biochar. The sorption capacity of ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate using local biochar were 10.12, 7.51, and 10.79 mg∙g-1. A continuous sorption study using a fixed-bed column reactor confirmed the ability of local coconut shell biochar in removing nutrients from real agricultural wastewater. This study highlights the potential of utilising coconut shell waste as a sustainable material for nutrient removal from wastewater, thereby helping to prevent nutrient pollution in water bodies.

4

Study on the Effectiveness of Cu²+ Ions Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using the Purolite S920 Ion Exchange Resin

Orlof-Naturalna Monika, Młynarczykowska Anna

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2025

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Vol. 1, no. 1

229--233

EN

Anthropogenic environmental pollution with heavy metals remains a significant problem, especially when they occur in a form that facilitates bioaccumulation. In the case of natural and process waters or industrial wastewater, there is still a need to improve methods, which provide to reduce heavy metal content. In this study has been shown to the Purolite S920 is useful to eliminating Cu2+ ions from aqueous solutions. In the tested concentration range, 92% purification of single-component solutions from Cu2+ ions were achieved at pH=4 (in laboratory conditios). The process of copper (II) ion removal using the chelating ion exchange resin was interpreted based two of the most popular isotherm models: Langmuir and Freundlich.

PL

Antropogeniczne zanieczyszczenie środowiska metalami ciężkimi pozostaje istotnym problemem, zwłaszcza kiedy występują one w postaci sprzyjającej bioakumulacji. W przypadku wód naturalnych i procesowych oraz ścieków przemysłowych nadal istnieje potrzeba udoskonalenia metod zapewniających redukcję zawartości metali ciężkich. W niniejszym badaniu wykazano, że Purolite S920 jest przydatny do eliminacji jonów Cu2+ z roztworów wodnych. W badanym zakresie stężeń uzyskano 92% oczyszczenie roztworów jednoskładnikowych z jonów Cu2+ przy pH=4 (w warunkach laboratoryjnych). Proces usuwania jonów miedzi(II) za pomocą chelatującej żywicy jonowymiennej zinterpretowano w oparciu o dwa najpopularniejsze modele izoterm: Langmuira i Freundlicha.

5

Assessment of the repeatability of column experiments results on the example of a conservative tracer

Pietrzak Damian, Kania Jarosław, Kmiecik Ewa, Baba Alper

Geologos

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2025

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Vol. 31, No. 2

137--150

EN

Most studies on the behavior of pollutants in the groundwater environment are carried out in laboratories, and the results are then implemented at local and regional levels using model simulations or analytical solutions. Column experiments are used to determine the transport characteristics of inorganic and organic chemicals in the soil and water environment. Although column experiments have been conducted regularly for many years, there is currently no established standard protocol for setting up and conducting them to ensure consistent results. The repeatability of column experiments was evaluated for soils, which differ primarily in the silt and clay content, using a conservative tracer susceptible only to advection and dispersion processes to reduce the number of variables affecting the results of the study which arise in a case of using reactive contaminants. The column experiments performed according to the adopted methodology are characterized by high repeatability of the obtained test results for the transport parameters, regardless of the type of injection or the chosen column length (only a small-scale effect is visible). Based on the results, it can be noticed that for the same soil the values of the pore–water velocity for different types of injections and column lengths are very similar. The percentage difference between the values of pore–water velocity obtained for both tested soils does not exceed 5% and for individual pairs of parallel column experiments it does not exceed 3%.

6

Od mofów „w pigułce” do pigułek w mofie : przewodnik teoretyczno-praktyczny

Pander Marzena, Skałecka Natalia, Prus Julia, Stani Oliwia, Bury Wojciech

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2024

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[Z] 78, 11-12

1697--1729

EN

The design, synthesis, and characterization of novel materials with unique properties represent an important field of modern chemistry. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) [1], a class of porous coordination polymers, exemplify such innovative materials. Despite their initial discovery less than 30 years ago, the field of MOFs has expanded rapidly, and is represented now by over 100 000 different structures [2]. The precise design of organic and inorganic building blocks (metal nodes and organic linkers), which can be regarded as chemical Lego® bricks, enables the realization of an almost limitless array of structural architectures, limited only by the imagination of a chemist. This versatility offers the potential to create advanced materials with tailored properties for specific applications, which include sorption and separation processes [3], heterogenous catalysis [4], drug delivery [5], sensing [6] or energy storage [7]. The aim of this tutorial review is to explore and highlight key aspects of modern porous materials, with a particular focus on MOFs. Basic definitions and classification of this class of materials are provided, alongside an overview of its dynamic development in recent years. The structural composition of these materials is discussed in relation to the principles of reticular chemistry, including nomenclature and topological representations. The increasing complexity within this field and the evolution of MOFs is addressed through the introduction of their generations. The main part of this paper focuses on Zr-based MOFs, a distinctive group known for their unique stability and structural versatility, as well as the ability to endure various post-synthetic modifications. The broad spectrum of their applications, from controlled drug delivery to highly efficient heterogeneous catalysis, is presented to showcase the main achievements in this area. This review aims to highlight how advancements in MOF research are paving the way for new developments in material science, encouraging readers for further in-depth exploration of this compelling area of modern chemistry.

7

Wpływ zanieczyszczenia olejem napędowym na zmianę uziarnienia, plastyczności i pęcznienia neogeńskich osadów zastoiskowych z rejonu Dobre

Izdebska-Mucha Dorota, Gawriuczenkow Ireneusz, Jarominiak Konrad

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 12-2

789--797

EN

Petroleum products are hazardous to the natural environment, as well as to the stability of underground infrastructure and foundations. Numerous studies have reported negative changes in the geological and engineering parameters of soil contaminated with hydrocarbons. In Poland, the impact of pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons on the physical and mechanical properties of soils is still poorly understood and requires studies considering soil lithology, duration of the pollution and the type of pollutant. The soil tested in this study was Neogene limnic soil, collected in the Dobre area, composed of 12.5% clay, 46.5% silt, 41% sand, and kaolinite as the dominant clay mineral. Soil samples containing 0%, 2%, and 6% of diesel fuel (ON) were prepared in laboratory to simulate long-term contamination. With the increase in ON content, the clay content decreased by approximately 4% points, resulting in a classification change from loam (G) to sandy silt (Rp) for the 6% ON sample. Greater differences in particle size distribution were observed using the hydrometer method compared to the micro aggregate method. Compared to the 0% ON sample, contaminated samples showed an increase in the values of Atterberg limits, plasticity index, consistency index and activity. This changes align with literature data for soils of kaolinitic and illitic composition. Consistent with its lithological composition, the tested soil showed low values of the sorption and swelling parameters, indicating low potential expansivity. Although there was a slight increase in the MBC sorption capacity, cation exchange capacity and specific surface area, the contaminated soil samples revealed lower values of free swelling and higher values of swelling pressures compared to the uncontaminated soil. However, the macroscopic observation of samples after the free swelling test and the reduction in the adsorbed water content after the swelling pressure test point to the conclusion that due to the presence of hydrocarbons in the soil structure, its potential for sorption capacity and volume changes was reduced. This research demonstrates that even a relatively low level of soil contamination with petroleum-derived compounds resulted in a change in its geological and engineering properties. Due to the limited data, the presented conclusions require further research applying higher degree of soil contamination. It was also shown that a careful and comprehensive analysis of test results is necessary for the proper interpretation/assessment of the results of standard tests but conducted for non-standard soil material, where the pore liquid consists of water and hydrocarbons.

8

Selection of high-sorption clay-based plaster for machine application

Byrdy Aleksander, Rembiś Marek, Kinasz Roman

Materiały Budowlane

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2024

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nr 7

12--23

EN

Modern ready mixed clay-based plasters contain a substantial amount of additives and fillers that are indispensable to make typical machine-assisted plaster application feasible. Fillers reduce the content of clay as the primary ingredient improving the indoor climate in rooms. This article presents the results of comparative studies on the sorption parameters of various clay-rich plaster compositions against the backdrop of research results for other plasters commonly used in building engineering. A plaster characterized by high sorption properties was selected and verified in terms of application potential using the shotcreting technique taking advantage of the thixotropic properties of the material. The developed composition was applied as plaster in a residential building where its effectiveness and influence on the indoor comfort in rooms were verified.

PL

Współcześnie stosowane tynki maszynowe produkowane na bazie gliny zawierają znaczną ilość dodatków i wypełniaczy, które mają zapewnić możliwość ich aplikacji przy użyciu typowych agregatów tynkarskich. Wypełniacze te redukują zawartość gliny jako podstawowego składnika wpływającego na poprawę klimatu wewnętrznego w pomieszczeniach. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań porównawczych parametrów sorpcyjnych różnych receptur tynków o dużej zawartości gliny na tle wyników badań innych tynków powszechnie stosowanych w budownictwie. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej selekcji dobrano tynk o bardzo dobrych właściwościach sorpcyjnych i zweryfikowano możliwość jego aplikacji techniką torkretowania, wykorzystującą właściwości tiksotropowe użytego materiału.

9

The Stability of pH and the Concentrations of Iron and Manganese in Acid Mine Drainage Following Coal Fly Ash and Empty Fruit Bunch of Oil Palm Treatments

Haris Abdul, Ifansyah Hairil, Hayati Afiah, Mahbub Muhammad, Septiana Meldia, Mulyawan Ronny, Noor Ihsan, Saidy Akhmad Rizalli

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 4

38--48

EN

AMD (acid mine drainage) with low pH and high content of heavy metals is a serious environmental problem in mining activities. Proper AMD management is crucial to ensure compliance with the standards of environmental quality before allowing the flow to the public water system. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of increasing pH and decreasing Fe alongside the concentrations of Mn in AMD with the addition of coal fly ash (CFA) and empty fruit bunch of oil palm (EFBOP). A total of four treatments, namely: (1) control (soil without treatment), (2) soil+EFBOP, (3) soil+CFA, and (4) soil+EFBOP+CFA were tested for the ability to improve AMD quality in a batch reactor experiment for 90 days. Weekly observations were carried out for pH, Fe, and Mn concentrations during the experiment, where part of AMD in the reactor was drained and replaced with fresh ones. The results showed that single treatment of EFBOP or CFA caused a pH increase at 2.8 to 5.1–5.4 and 6.3–6.8, respectively. Furthermore, a greater increase occurred from 2.8 to 7.0–7.8 when EFBOP was combined with CFA application. This combination also showed a greater reduction in the concentrations of Fe and Mn compared to the single treatment of EFBOP or CFA. The increase in pH and decrease in Fe alongside the Mn concentrations began in the 3rd week, and this effect was stable during the 90 days of the experiment. The results underscore the potential of EFBOP and CFA as agricultural and industrial wastes in long-term AMD management.

10

Optimum Conditions for Applying the Magnetic Absorption Methodfor Decontamination of Ferrous Sulphate and Chromate-Containing Wastewater

Radovenchyk Vyacheslav, Ivanenko Olena, Otrokh Olena, Overchenko Tetiana, Ivaniuta Serhii, Benatov Daniel, Frolenkova Svitlana, Hurieva Liudmyla

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 5

321--334

EN

The article deals with the acute issue of intensive contamination of surface and underground waters with iron and chromium ions, which reduces the amount of water suitable for consumption. It was noted that because of monitoring the state of transboundary rivers of Ukraine within the framework of bilateral agreements, an unacceptable excess of the content of heavy metal ions was recorded. The main polluters of the water environment are machinebuilding enterprises that discharge untreated or insufficiently treated metal-containing wastewater from the processes of steel etching, chrome plating, etc. Recently, the processing of these solutions to obtain a suspension of highly dispersed particles with magnetic properties–magnetite has been increasingly practiced. One of the directions of its use is the sorption of various pollutants in water environments, i.e., the application of the magnetic absorption method. Our study shows the advantages of using magnetite obtained from sulphate solutions in comparison with the traditional sulphate-chloride solution, the influence of the ratio of iron (II) and (III) ions, temperature, pH, nature of the precipitant, salinity on the dispersion of the obtained magnetic particles. When applying the magnetic absorption method, it was determined that hydrolyzed forms of iron (III) ions are best sorbed on magnetite, the removal process of which from aqueous solutions occurs quite intensively during the first two minutes. During the study of various samples of magnetite, it was established that in acidic solutions, with an increase in the ratio of iron (II) and (III) ions, the efficiency of iron ion removal decreases; in neutral and alkaline solutions, such a dependence is not observed. In the proposed technological scheme, purifying wastewater containing 10–100 mg/dm3 of iron ions is advisable by adding 100–1000 mg/dm3 of magnetite suspension and alkali solution to a pH of 8–9. The study showed that during the treatment of chromate-containing waters with magnetite, in addition to the processes of reduction of chromate ions, oxidation of surface Fe2+ ions to Fe3+, sorption of Cr3+ ions or Cr(OH)3 hydroxides, the reduction of chromate anions on its surface is observed, the basis of which may be the formation chemical compounds, as well as the sorption mechanism. The optimal conditions for removing chromium (VI) compounds from model solutions are to conduct the process at an elevated temperature and use magnetite with a 20 mg per 1 mg Cr6+ consumption.

11

Cost-Effective Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Waters Using Locally Sourced Wood Sawdust

Mkheidze Nino, Davitadze Ruslan, Gotsiridze Raul, Kiknadze Nino, Megrelidze Nargiz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 5

208--218

EN

The increasing environmental pollution resulting from oil transportation, especially through pipelines such as the Baku-Supsa in Georgia, calls for the development of advanced wastewater purification technologies. This study investigates the use of wooden sawdust for the purification of oil-contaminated waters, aiming to utilize locally available residual natural materials for cost-effective environmental remediation. A comprehensive experimental methodology was adopted, involving thirteen types of plant-derived sawdust as sorbents to evaluate their oil sorption capacities under static and dynamic conditions. The effectiveness of these sorbents was assessed by their ability to lower the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated water, focusing specifically on the influence of sorbent particle size, contact duration, and the initial concentration of oil contaminants. The physicochemical characteristics of Azeri Light crude oil were detailed, and the sorption mechanism was scrutinized using gas-liquid chromatography to ascertain the fractional composition of the oil absorbed by the sawdust. Sawdust from Cryptomeria exhibited the highest oil sorption capacity, successfully absorbing 31.6 grams of oil per 100 milliliters of sorbent. Sawdust from Eucalyptus and Oak also displayed considerable sorption capabilities. The f indings indicate that decreasing the particle size of the sawdust significantly enhances its capacity to sorb crude oil. Furthermore, steam-contact pre-treatment of the sawdust markedly increased its oil sorption capacity by 11% and tripled its efficacy in purifying oil-contaminated water. The results highlight the potential of employing locally sourced wooden sawdust, especially from Cryptomeria, as an efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective sorbent for cleaning oil-contaminated waters. The improved sorption capacity achieved through steam-contact pre-treatment presents a viable strategy for enhancing the performance of sawdust sorbents. This research contributes to the advancement of eco-friendly and economically feasible solutions for reducing water pollution caused by oil and its derivatives, emphasizing the critical role of sorbent selection and pre-treatment in refining purification processes.

12

Current State of Knowledge about Plastics’ Ability to Sorption

Worobiczuk Mateusz, Naumowicz Monika

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2024

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Vol. 34, no. 1

150--165

EN

Plastic pollution is and will be a problem for humanity to deal with for decades to come. The main cause for concern is plastic debris of microsizes, that has been detected in many worrying locations, e.g. human body. Microplastic can carry many substances. It’s possible for many substances, including toxins, to accumulate on plastic surface. This review pertains to the compilation of the newest scientific information regarding plastic’s ability to sorption. The methodological approach as well as mathematical models used in studies pertaining to this topic have been demonstrated. The type of plastic, the matrix and state of microplastic sample have been described to be affecting sorption on plastic. Some problems with methodology in compiled sorption studies have been outlined. It was concluded that more research is needed to be done to fully grasp this topic.

13

Algal biochar in dairy wastewater treatment

Dziosa Karolina, Makowska Monika

Chemical and Process Engineering : New Frontiers

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2024

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Vol. 45, nr 2

art. no. e58

EN

The article presents a novel solution based on dairy wastewater sorption on a biochar substrate obtained through thermal decomposition of Chlorella sp. algae biomass. The algal biomass obtained in the culture medium containing wastewater from dairy production was separated from the culture medium through sedimentation and centrifugation and then freeze-dried. After freeze-drying, the dry biomass was pyrolysed at 600 °C in a CO 2 atmosphere.The EDS analysis showed that the oxygen-tocarbon (O/C) and nitrogen-to-carbon (N/C) ratios in the obtained material averaged 0.24 and 0.54 respectively. The arrangement and structure of the obtained biochar was evaluated using Raman spectroscopy. The observed spectra revealed the presence of D bands located at 1346–1354 cm -1 and corresponding to disordered carbon structures, as well as G bands located at 1585–1594 cm -1 and corresponding to tensile vibrations. The D/G intensity ratio was determined at 0.28. The next phase of the research involved sorption of dairy wastewater from cleaning processes containing 1 g of the obtained biochar using solid phase extraction. The study results confirmed high sorption efficiency of the obtained algal biochar. Turbidity was reduced by 93%, suspension by 88%, sulphates by 61%, chlorides by 80%, and organic carbon by 17%. The research confirmed the possibility of using wastewater from dairy production as a natural culture medium for Chlorella sp. algae cultivation to manufacture valuable biochar, which could be used as a sorption bed in the treatment of dairy wastewater from cleaning processes.

14

Adsorption Equilibrium Studies on the Example of Nitrate Removal Onto Char Produced from Waste Tires

Skwarczynska-Wojsa Agata, Szatyłowicz Ewa, Skoczko Iwona

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 3

246--256

EN

There have been investigated potential evaluation of equilibrium adsorption isotherm for the removal of nitrates from water solutions using two types of char produced in commercial-scale pyrolysis based on recycled waste rubber tires. Liquid phase adsorption studies were performed under batch conditions and maximum adsorption capacity was determined. Equilibrium data were mathematically modelled using two-parameters Langmuir, Freundlich, three-parameters Redlich-Peterson, Toth, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Radke-Praushnitz, combined Langmuir-Freundlich and four-parameters Fritz-Schlunder, Marczewski-Jaroniec, Bi-Langmuir adsorption models. Obtained results revealed the potential use of the studied char adsorbents for nitrates removal from aqueous media (the maximum adsorption capacity at equilibrium 10.07 mg/g, have been achieved for CH-1 char). The Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm had the best fit for the adsorption experimental data over the whole concentration range. The highest percentage of NO3 removal efficiency onto CH-2 char achieved in NO3 initial concentration range from 26.44 to 66.55mg/L reaching values in the range of from 80.74 to 78.7%.

15

Removal of silver from chloride solutions using new polymer materials

Pilśniak-Rabiega Magdalena, Wolska Joanna

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2023

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Vol. 59, iss. 6

art. no. 174357

EN

This work presents the synthesis of polymer resins with heterocyclic functional groups, that is, N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-pipecoline, N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-pyrrolidinone, and trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane for the recovery of Ag(I) from chloride solutions. The modification yield was 69.2, 74.6 and 88.3%, respectively. The best Ag(I) sorption was achieved from synthetic and real chloride solutions in the case of trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane resin (sorption was 26.8 and 21.5 mg/g, respectively). The sorption kinetic data were well fitted to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The maximum sorption capacity of Ag(I) is 105.4, 117.8 and 130.7 mg Ag(I)/g for N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-pipecoline resin, N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-pyrrolidinone resin and trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane resin, respectively. The trans-1,4-diaminocyclohexane modified resin was very selective towards Ag(I) compared to Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) from the real chloride leaching solution. The N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-pipecoline and N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-pyrrolidinone resins showed high preferences for Ag(I) over Pb(II) in real solution. These results indicated that the polymers can be applied in the recovery of Ag(I).

16

Analiza numeryczna osuszania przegrody zewnętrznej na podstawie danych eksperymentalnych

Major Maciej, Kosiń Mariusz

Materiały Budowlane

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2023

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nr 7

1--5

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań oraz analizy numerycznej zagadnień związanych z wilgotnością przegrody budowlanej wykonanej w technologii lekkiego szkieletu stalowego. Rezultatem badań było sporządzenie izoterm sorpcji oraz nasiąkliwości materiałów tworzących przegrodę. Na ich podstawie przeprowadzono symulację osuszania naturalnego przegrody przy założeniu, że materiały ją tworzące są nasączone wodą. Analiza numeryczna pozwoliła oszacować ubytek wody w przegrodzie zewnętrznej w zależności od początkowego stanu jej zawilgocenia w przyjętych okresach obliczeniowych.

EN

The article covers the results of research and numerical analysis of issues related to the humidity of a building partition made in the technology of a light steel skeleton. The result of the research was the preparation of the sorption isotherm and water absorption of the materials forming the barrier. On their basis, a simulation of the natural drying of the partition was carried out, assuming that the materials forming it are soaked with water. Numerical analysis, depending on the initial moisture level of the external partition, allowed to estimate the loss of water in the partition in the adopted calculation periods.

17

Development of a Nanoscale (Mg/Al)-LDH Coated Waterworks Sludge Sorbent for Efficient Congo Red Dye Removal – Batch Kinetics and Isotherm Studies

Salih Sudad Adil, Naife Tariq M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

145--155

EN

The study’s aim was to develop a novel sorbent for removing the color Congo red (CR) from water by precipitating (Mg/Al)-layered double hydroxide (LDH) at the nanoscale onto the waterworks sludge surface as a byproduct. To achieve an effective sorbent with the removal of over 91.19%, The utilization of nanoparticles, the addition of 1 g of sludge to 50 mL of water, and a molar ratio of 2 (Mg/Al) were the optimal production conditions for sorbent. In batch experiments, the optimal operating parameters were found to be 0.5 g of adsorbent in 50 mL of CR, pH of CR solution equal to 3, and a contact time of 3 hours at 200 rpm with 25 mg/L dyes. According to the study, the adsorption capacity was 23.576 mg/g. Additionally, the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models provided accurate descriptions of the sorption data.

18

Alternative Ways of Extracting Oil from Water Bodies

Shabliy Tetyana, Ivanenko Olena, Vozniuk Marta, Snigur Oleksandr, Kozhan Olexei, Nosachova Yuliia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 11

127--134

EN

The article compares the use of sorption and sorption-coagulation methods for cleaning fresh and mineralized oil-containing waters. The sorbents used are thermally expanded graphite obtained by heat treatment of graphite bisulfate in a boiling layer, and activated carbon of BAU-A grade, which is widely used for purification of liquid media from oils and oil products. As an alternative to the sorption method, research was conducted on the application of the sorption-coagulation method with the simultaneous use of aluminum-containing coagulants: aluminum sulfate and aluminum hydroxochloride and activated carbon. It is shown that the advantages of using the sorption method using thermally expanded graphite are based on the high efficiency of oil extraction from water bodies and multiple regeneration of the spent sorbent.

19

The use of algae to remove copper and lead from industrial wastewater

Cygnarowska Katarzyna

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2023

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Vol. 49, no. 1

85--93

EN

The aim of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the removal of Cu and Pb ions by algae. The experiments were carried out in the presence of two algal populations: a pure culture of Raphidocelis subcapitata, and a mixed chlorophyta population. The research involved a model study, experiments in the presence of wastewater from the manufacture of batteries, and the study of process kinetics. The wastewater pH was 4.0, and the initial concentrations of metal ions in the wastewater were 95.4 mg/L for Pb and 48.3 mg/L for Cu, respectively. The maximum sorption capacity of the pure Raphidocelis subcapitata culture was 14.8 mg/g d.m. for Pb, corresponding to the removal of 72% of lead, and 6.1 mg/g d.m. for Cu, corresponding to the removal of 43% of copper from the wastewater. The best ion sorption efficiency in the case of the mixed chlorophyta population was 7.0 mg/g d.m. for Pb, i.e., 61% removal of lead, and 12.8 mg/g d.m. for Cu, i.e., 69% removal of copper ions from the wastewater. The optimum duration of the process was found to be 1 hour, since the majority of biomass samples reached the maximum saturation after that time. On the basis of the obtained results (Lagergren models), it was found that the dominant mechanism of the process was chemisorption.

20

Sorption in an ammonioalunite-ammoniojarosite solid solution: results for the 1, 2, 4, 7, 11, 12 and 13 group elements and LREEs

Kruszewski Łukasz, Marciniak-Maliszewska Beata, Kotowski Jakub

Geological Quarterly

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2023

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Vol. 67, No. 4

art. no. 46

EN

This paper collates selected analytical results from a 1-year sorption experiments conducted on natural samples of an ammonioalunite-ammoniojarosite solid solution (AAJ) of known initial composition. These include Electron Microprobe (EPMA) and Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) results for baths subjected to Li2SO4·H2O, KI, Rb2CO3 (0.33-0.62 wt.% Rb2O in the AAJ, CsCl (0.24-1.07 wt.% Cs2O), Ca(OH)2 (ettringite formation), Sr(NO3)2 (0.31–10.25 wt.% SrO), ZrO(NO3)2·2H2O, MnSO42O, CuSO4·5H2O (up to 1.05 wt.% CuO), ZnCl2, Ga(NO3)3·9H2O (5.86-21.44 wt.% Ga2O3), ZrCl4 (up to 17.56 wt.% ZrO2 in AAJ, i.e., up to 0.27 apfu Zr, InCl3 (0.85–17.04 wt.% In2O3, i.e., possibly up to 0.42 apfu), KH2AsO4 (up to 45.93 wt.% As2O5, recast to 1.64 apfu As), K2SeO3 (up to 44.86 wt.% SeO2, recast to 1.55 apfu Se), LaCl3·7H2O (0.17–0.22 wt.% La2O3), CeCl3·7H2O (0.38–1.74 wt.% Ce2O3), and PrCl3·6H-2O (1.66–4.10 wt.% Pr2O3). Zn, Mn, and I only rarely show accumulation. (NH4)Fe3(AsO4)2[(OH)4(H2O)2] and (NH4)Fe3[(AsO4)(SO4)][(OH)5(H2O)] are occasionally the dominant hypothetical end-members in the As experiment. In the KI case the resulting material is 1.6 times more enriched in K than the base used. Special attention is paid to Zr, with PXRD and EPMA results not ideally coincident with a trial Scanning Electron Microscopy-Electron Backscatter Diffraction study suggesting deposition of tetragonal ZrSiO4 (synthetic zircon).