Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Structural optimization and weight reduction of a belt conveyor supporting frame using analytical and finite element methods

Gábor Marek, Vargovská Mária, Pivarčiová Elena, Orzech Łukasz

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2026

|

nr 3 (34)

511--520

EN

This paper deals with the structural design of a belt conveyor equipped with a handling mechanism. The research was carried out within the framework of the KEGA 004TU Z-4/2024 and VEGA1/0302/26 projects and is focused on the design and analysis of the supporting structure in terms of its strength and operational reliability. Particular attention is paid to the methodological procedure for determining the distribution of individual loads arising at critical points of the structure during the operation of the conveyor and the handling mechanism. The paper also identifies the decisive loading conditions and their influence on the dimensioning of the supporting elements of the device. The obtained results contribute to the optimization of the structural design and to increasing the operational safety of the proposed system. The structure was found to be significantly overdesigned with a safety factor of 41.8. A subsequent optimization reduced the weight, while maintaining a safe stress level.

2

Pierwszy multikliencki AutoStore w Polsce po 36 miesiącach działalności

Śieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Poznański Instytut Technologiczny Śieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Poznański Instytut

Logistyka

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2026

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nr 2

44--45

PL

Pierwszy multikliencki AutoStore w Polsce po 36 miesiącach działalności

3

VRP with time windows and other time constraints – modeling and solution approaches

Anholcer Marcin, Kawa Arkadiusz

LogForum

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2026

|

Vol. 22, no 1

161--172

EN

Background: The paper is devoted to the Vehicle Routing Problem with various constraints involving time, including time exclusions. This includes ordinary time windows and the relations between them, excluding the possibility that two or more vehicles meet at the same route point simultaneously. This responds to one of the problems reported by respondents in previous research. Methods: First, the mathematical model of the problem is introduced, based on the idea of transforming it into a multicommodity flow. This concept has been previously studied in the literature for simpler variants of routing problems. Subsequently, utilizing the model that is developed, a heuristic is presented for resolving the issue. Results: Several numerical experiments were performed, and the newly proposed method was tested on randomly generated test problems. The method's performance was measured by comparing the number of routes assigned to all the vehicles. Additionally, several theoretical results are presented to confirm the efficiency of the proposed approach. Conclusions: The problem under consideration is too complex to solve exactly; therefore, approximate solution methods are a viable alternative. The proposed local heuristic enables the quick solution of large instances; however, several limitations could be overcome by using more globally focused methods, such as Variable Neighborhood Search.

4

Zastosowanie autoklawizowanego betonu komórkowego w nowoczesnym budownictwie

Rybarczyk Tomasz

Izolacje

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2026

|

T. 31, nr 3

76--80

PL

W artykule przedstawiono właściwości autoklawizowanego betonu komórkowego. Autor omówił je według faz cyklu życia wyrobu, począwszy od pozyskania surowców do produkcji, poprzez łańcuch dostaw, produkcję, transport na miejsce budowy, budowę, użytkowanie budynków, a skończywszy na rozbiórce i zdeponowaniu odpadów i użycie ponownie do produkcji elementów murowych z betonu komórkowego.

EN

This article presents the properties of autoclaved aerated concrete. The author discusses them according to the product life cycle phases, starting from the acquisition of raw materials for production, through the supply chain, production, transport to the construction site, construction, use of the buildings, and ending with demolition, waste disposal, and reuse in the production of aerated concrete masonry elements.

5

Problemy z zarządzaniem kompetencjami ludzkimi w transporcie drogowym a zakłócenia w łańcuchach dostaw

Sapek Łukasz

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2026

|

nr 1

45--52

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest identyfikacja problemów związanych z zarządzaniem kompetencjami ludzkimi w transporcie drogowym oraz analiza ich wpływu na powstawanie zakłóceń w łańcuchach dostaw. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono roli efektywnego przepływu informacji, organizacji pracy kierowców oraz koordynacji działań operacyjnych, które mają kluczowe znaczenie dla zapewnienia ciągłości i niezawodności procesów transportowych. Istotnym elementem rozważań jest również próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakie korzyści oraz zagrożenia niesie za sobą wdrażanie nowoczesnych technologii i automatyzacji w kontekście zarządzania personelem oraz komunikacji w łańcuchu dostaw. Dodatkowo autor podejmuje analizę wpływu rosnącej cyfryzacji, w tym rozwoju sieci łączności, na poprawę koordynacji działań oraz przepływu informacji pomiędzy uczestnikami łańcucha dostaw. Rozważania obejmują także ocenę, czy postępująca automatyzacja rzeczywiście przyczynia się do ograniczenia problemów kadrowych, czy też generuje nowe wyzwania w obszarze zarządzania kompetencjami ludzkimi.

EN

The aim of this paper is to identify problems related to human resources management in road transport and analyse their impact on supply chain disruptions. Particular attention is paid to the role of effective information flow, driver organization, and coordination of operational activities, which are crucial for ensuring the continuity and reliability of transport processes. An important element of the study is also an attempt to answer the question of the benefits and risks of implementing modern technologies and automation in the context of personnel management and communication in the supply chain. Furthermore, the author analyses the impact of increasing digitization, including the development of communication networks, on improving the coordination of activities and information flow between supply chain participants. The discussion also includes an assessment of whether increasing automation is actually contributing to reducing staffing problems or generating new challenges in the area of human resources management.

6

Resilience in the logistics industry: a systematic literature review

Kos-Łabędowicz Joanna, Kamińska Monika, Zwolińska Danuta

Economics and Environment

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2026

|

No. 1

art. no. 1086

EN

The main objective of this article is to examine how organisational resilience is defined and its implications for logistics industry entities. For the purpose of a systematic literature review (SLR), bibliometric analysis and content analysis were used. The analysis reveals no unified definition of resilience in the logistics industry, though a common pattern defines it as an entity’s ability to achieve a desired outcome under disruptive conditions. The findings indicate that major disruptions, particularly the COVID-19 pandemic, are the primary reasons for the heightened research interest in this topic. The analysis carried out allows for further methodological work on systematising the concept of resilience in logistics activities (logistics industry), which is important in the context of maintaining the continuity of logistics processes, both from the point of view of supply chains and from the point of view of individual links. This is important from a cost perspective (analysis of the total cost of goods flow) as well as for building customer satisfaction.

PL

Głównym celem artykułu jest zbadanie, w jaki sposób definiowana jest odporność organizacyjna i jakie są jej implikacje dla interesariuszy branży logistycznej. W tym celu dokonano systematycznego przeglądu literatury (SLR), analizy bibliometrycznej i analizy treści. Analiza wykazała brak jednolitej definicji odporności w branży logistycznej, choć zidentyfikowane wspólne komponenty pozwalają określić ją jako zdolność podmiotu do osiągnięcia pożądanego rezultatu w warunkach zakłóceń. Wyniki wskazują, że poważne zakłócenia, w szczególności pandemia COVID-19, są główną przyczyną wzmożonego zainteresowania badawczego tym tematem. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwala na dalsze prace metodyczne nad usystematyzowaniem koncepcji odporności w działalności logistycznej, co jest istotne w kontekście zachowania ciągłości procesów logistycznych zarówno z punktu widzenia łańcuchów dostaw, jak i z punktu widzenia poszczególnych ogniw. Jest to ważne z punktu widzenia kosztów (analiza całkowitego kosztu przepływu towarów), a także dla budowania satysfakcji klientów.

7

Bridging distances and boosting economies: a panel FMOLS analysis of railway infrastructure

Sharif Fatima, Qubtia Maria, Majeed Muhammad Tariq

Economics and Environment

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2026

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No. 1

art. no. 1325

EN

This research investigates the effects of railway infrastructure expansion on economic growth in countries with extensive railway networks, employing panel Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) for the period 2004–2023. The findings reveal a two-sided outcome that a rise of 1% in railway infrastructure will lead to economic growth decreasing by 0.035%, especially for countries with an extensive railway network already in place. Importantly, the analysis brings to fore that gross capital formation has a positive impact on growth as 1% increase in investment causes a 0.529% rise in GDP growth induced mainly by improved productivity. These results emphasize the pivotal role of infrastructure investment in stimulating long-term economic performance while underscoring the necessity for sustainable infrastructure planning that balances growth objectives with environmental and social considerations.

8

Using virtual reality for the visualization of microscopic simulation in the field of transport systems: Case study

Ďuriška Martin, Čabaníková Lucia, Mikušová Nikoleta, Fedorko Gabriel

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2026

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Vol. 20, no. 8

242--251

EN

Visualization and presentation of simulation experiment results in a virtual reality environment offer a highly attractive and understandable way to present them. Its realisation in the field of transport systems is not easy. Currently, several solutions exist for creating specialised graphic programs, and the paper aims to determine whether a more straightforward solution exists. As a simulation tool, the program Tecnomatix Plant Simulation will be considered, as it has the ideal prerequisites for the field of transport systems. At the same time, it is suitable for creating transport microsimulation models but lacks the necessary blocks for modelling and simulating transport processes. The goal will be to design the procedure to develop a simple methodology for microsimulation models in the field of transport systems and present their results in immersive virtual reality using a Head-mounted display.

9

The impact of Covid-19 on passenger shipping activities in selected EU countries: diagnosis and long-term scenarios

Barczak Agnieszka, Dembińska Izabela, Kauf Sabina

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

|

z. 128

51--69

EN

The article is devoted to the topic of passenger maritime transport in selected EU countries and the changes in the maritime passenger transport market resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. The implemented restrictions on movement entailed a voluntary and temporary suspension of the activities of tourist companies using the maritime fleet. With the above in mind, the purpose of this article was to identify the consequences of changes in the mobility behavior of the population as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic on the operation of passenger maritime transport. The differences in the number of seaborne passengers served in selected EU countries between actual and projected values were indicated. Long-term forecasts were also made, which made it possible to develop scenarios of possible events, describing the potential development directions of the branch. We use a combined forecast method based on a weighted average of individual forecasts (weights inversely proportional to mean percentage absolute error (MAPE)). We use such forecasting methods as Fourier spectral analysis, exponential smoothing models, and seasonality indices. We used time series models to build long-term forecasts. Combined forecasts for selected EU countries were determined. They were used to supplement long-term forecasts. This made it possible to assign the obtained results to ambient scenarios. Combined forecasts showed that in all quarters of 2020-2021, the number of passengers transported by sea transport was lower than forecast values in all EU countries analyzed. This confirms the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on this branch of transportation as well. Long-term forecasts, built on the basis of combined forecasts and assumptions about the annual growth rate of passenger numbers, indicate that in most of the countries analyzed, the most likely scenario is an annual increase of 10% in passenger numbers. This means that by 2026 only Germany and Denmark will see the number of maritime passengers return to pre-pandemic levels.

10

Impact of load on the contact surface of cooperating chain links of scraper conveyors

Tokarczyk Jarosław, Wójcicki Mateusz, Wieczorek Andrzej Norbert

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

|

z. 128

283--294

EN

The article presents the impact of load on the contact surface of cooperating chain links in scraper conveyors. A finite element method (FEM) simulation was conducted for a chain operating on a sprocket, based on which stress and strain maps were determined for different load levels. The contact surface areas of the chain links and the reaction forces were also calculated depending on the load, which allowed the determination of surface pressures.

11

The impact of global and local crises on the functioning of road transport in Poland

Szawelski Mateusz

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie

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2025

|

Nr 92

199--219

EN

Polish road transport is number one in Europe, accounting for over 20% of freight transport on the old continent. It is also directly responsible for 6% of Poland’s GDP. However, since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, a huge crisis has been noticeable, which, combined with many smaller ones, has escalated to the most serious in over 20 years. The aim of this paper is to discuss the key reasons for the crisis in the Polish road transport industry and to show the actual consequences of these problems. The study was conducted in a descriptive form using data analysis from reports by major road transport organizations, a review of scientific literature, observation and analysis of real cases. It was found that the impact on this industry in a single period of challenges related to the pandemic, economic, war in Ukraine, shortage of drivers, and EU policy. The emergence of so many sudden changes and unusual situations forced many companies to reduce their fleets and, in the worst cases, led to restructuring or bankruptcy. As a result, the study showed that these situations were significantly reflected in the crisis that affected the Polish road transport industry. The conclusion was that carriers were forced to adapt to the current situation, which was referred to as their new reality. It was also established that a responsible approach is key in this situation, which must be focused on flexible action and adaptation to the current conditions imposed by global and local crises.

PL

Polski transport drogowy jest numerem jeden w Europie, odpowiada za ponad 20% pracy przewozowej na Starym Kontynencie, generuje również 6% polskiego PKB. Jednak od wybuchu pandemii COVID-19 zauważalny jest ogromny kryzys, który – złączony z wielu pomniejszych – eskalował do rangi najpoważniejszego od ponad 20 lat. Celem pracy jest omówienie kluczowych powodów kryzysu w branży polskiego transportu drogowego oraz ukazanie faktycznych konsekwencji tych problemów. Przedstawienie powodów oraz skutków wspomnianych sytuacji jest kluczowe dla zrozumienia powagi rzeczywistości, z jaką mierzą się przewoźnicy w Polsce. Badanie miało charakter opisowy i zostało przeprowadzone z wykorzystaniem analizy danych pochodzących z raportów głównych organizacji sektora transportu drogowego. Uzupełniono je przeglądem literatury naukowej, obserwacją oraz analizą rzeczywistych przypadków, a także analizą opinii ekspertów branżowych. Stwierdzono, że skumulowanie w krótkim czasie wyzwań związanych z pandemią, ze spowolnieniem gospodarczym, z wojną w Ukrainie, brakiem kierowców zawodowych oraz polityką UE doprowadziło do zwiększenia kosztów działalności, a także wymusiło szybką reorganizację procesów i struktur w przedsiębiorstwach. Pojawienie się nagłych zmian i niecodziennych sytuacji zmusiło wiele firm do redukcji floty, a w najgorszych przypadkach zakończyło się restrukturyzacją lub upadłością. W rezultacie badanie dowiodło, że wspomniane sytuacje znacząco odzwierciedliły się w kryzysie, który dotknął branżę polskiego transportu drogowego. Wykazano przymus adaptacji przewoźników do aktualnej sytuacji, którą nazwano nową rzeczywistością. Ustalono również to, że kluczowe w tej sytuacji jest odpowiedzialne podejście, które w swojej strategii musi być nastawione na elastyczne działanie i dopasowywanie się do aktualnych warunków stawianych przez globalne i lokalne kryzysy.

12

Navigating regulatory barriers in green shipping: Policy harmonization, infrastructure challenges, and the path to decarbonization

Abuelenin Ahmed Hany M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2025

|

nr 83 (155)

5--23

EN

The maritime shipping sector, responsible for nearly 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions, faces significant regulatory, infrastructural, and economic barriers in its transition toward decarbonization. This study employs a multiple case analysis of the European Union’s emissions trading system, China’s green shipping corridors, and Maersk’s adoption of alternative fuels to examine the challenges of regulatory fragmentation, high costs, and inadequate infrastructure. Findings reveal that policy misalignment, insufficient investment in alternative fuel supply chains, and stakeholder disengagement hinder the industry’s green transition. This study advocates for a globally harmonized regulatory framework, strategic investments in alternative fuel infrastructure, and enhanced stakeholder collaboration. By proposing innovative strategies, such as public-private partnerships and digital compliance mechanisms, this research provides a roadmap for overcoming these barriers and accelerating the adoption of sustainable maritime practices. The insights contribute to global efforts to meet the International Maritime Organization’s 2050 decarbonization targets.

13

Impact of the protection of critical infrastructure facilities on the management of public transport and tourism economy on the example of Świnoujście

Duma Marianna, Kośkosz Karolina

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie

|

2025

|

nr 81 (153)

84--94

EN

Critical infrastructure facilities, especially those located close to urban agglomerations, can cause serious difficulties for tourists. An example of such a situation is Poland’s only sea-land LNG terminal located in one of Poland’s three seaports of strategic importance to the national economy, Świnoujście. This port is located in the center of the city, which borders Germany, and is a very popular sea resort for both compatriots and foreign tourists. On the basis of a critical analysis of the literature, a comparative analysis, and the method of inductive-deductive reasoning, the authors point out a research gap in the field of transportation problems in critical infrastructure areas. The purpose of this article is to present current transportation problems resulting from the introduction of a closed transportation zone within critical infrastructure. In this article, the authors focus on presenting the effects of the aforementioned restriction on the tourism economy. One of them is a reduction in the ability to reach important historical sites and, thus, a significant decrease in interest in these monuments. The authors, with the help of observations, interviews, and a comparative method, analyzed possible solutions to transportation problems and proposed the most favorable solution. The proposed scenarios include three modes of transportation: road, rail, and water. Currently, the only possible solution is water transport. Consequently, the authors proposed an innovative and inviting means of transport for tourists, which is electric water cabs. An analysis of the effectiveness of such boats is made, and their additional added value for the environment and the image of the city and port as nature-friendly are pointed out.

14

The role of the transport sector in the Polish economy: an input–output approach

Kozubek Paweł R.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

|

z. 225

305--331

EN

Purpose: The aim of this article is to evaluate the role of the transport sector within the structure of the Polish economy between 2010 and 2020 using input-output analysis tools, with particular emphasis on the exogenous approach. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs Leontief and Ghosh models to calculate traditional multipliers (output, value added, income) and conducts a simulation of demand shocks based on the exogenous approach. The analysis is based on input-output tables from Statistics Poland for the years 2010, 2015, and 2020. Findings: The results indicate strong interdependencies between the transport sector and other branches of the national economy, highlighting its dual role as both a supplier and a recipient of intermediate services. The land transport subsector exhibits the highest level of sectoral integration and generates substantial multiplier effects. Research limitations/implications: The study does not account for employment effects due to the unavailability of satellite data. Future research should consider the use of dynamic models and the integration of environmental and social data. Practical implications: The results may support investment decisions and transport policy by identifying the sectors most responsive to transport-induced economic stimuli. Social implications: The analysis highlights the systemic importance of transport as a factor fostering regional development, social cohesion, and national economic competitiveness. Originality/value: This article contributes new value by applying an exogenous modelling approach to assess the structural role of transport, a perspective rarely explored in the Polish literature.

15

Predictive model of road accident costs involving overloaded heavy vehicles in the context of weigh-in-motion system implementation

Sałek Robert

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

|

z. 228

543--559

EN

Purpose: The study aimed to develop a computational model to determine the projected costs arising from road accidents involving overloaded heavy goods vehicles within the framework of implementing the WIM automatic weight-in-motion system. Design/methodology/approach: The research methodology employed is based on Method II, as presented in the publication (JASPERS, 2023). This method was developed as part of a cost-benefit analysis for planned investment projects in the transport sector in Poland. Additionally, the theoretical coefficient representing the proportion of overloaded vehicles in road incidents in Poland was calculated. Based on this, a calculation model was developed in a spreadsheet to ascertain the annual costs of road incidents involving overloaded trucks. Findings: The realisation of the primary objective led to determining the value of costs resulting from the implementation of the system for weighing vehicles in traffic in Poland. The calculation model serves as the principal tool for the calculations conducted. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of the calculation results is the estimation of the proportion of overloaded trucks involved in traffic incidents. In the future, more accurate source data on this issue should be obtained to enhance the projected costs. Practical implications: Based on the adopted methodology, the proposed calculation model enables the determination of the forecasted costs of road accidents, which are integral to the model for assessing the economic efficiency of investments in the implementation of the WIM system in Poland. Social implications: The results of the research indicate a significant social problem regarding the cost of road accidents. These costs are borne by state and local authorities, and the results of the research provide valuable information regarding the management of potential money in other areas of social activity. This also applies to increasing safety on the roads covered by the WIM system. Originality/value: The model itself, along with the calculation result, represents the author's presentation of costs for the considered case of investment in the WIM system. The study was created as part of the work on the project ‘System of automatic weighing of vehicles in traffic’ (WIM-PL) GOSPOSTRATEG9/000X/2022.

16

Economic aspects of of titanium alloy Ti-5Al-2.5Sn welding for aviation applications

Węgrzyn Tomasz, Szczucka-Lasota Bożena, Jurek Adam, Piotrowicz Paweł, Labus Artur, Lasota Patrycja

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

|

z. 221

639--645

EN

Purpose: Novelty of the paper is to present the Ti alloy welding for aeronautic application. Welding titanium is treated as a difficultprocedure. The aim of the article is to develop the TIG (Tungstan Inert Gas) welding process for titanium alloys instead of much more expensive process of welding in vacuum chamber Design/methodology/approach: Main parameters of the titanium alloy welding process were tested and then the quality of the obtained joint was checked by the mechanical tests. Findings: Welding parameters were determined without carring out the process in vacuum chamber that is much more expensive and energy-intensive process. Research limitations/implications: It was suggested to investigate the effect of modified shielding gas mixtures (Ar-He) for the TIG process. Practical implications: The proposed process innovation will result in savings of production cost, because titanium alloys are mainly welded in a vacuum chamber, which is more expensive process. Social implications: Vacuum chamber in the welding process allows for energy savings. Originality/value: It is to propose a new solution in aeronautic industry. The article is especially addressed to manufacturers of titanium alloys for aviation.

17

Economic aspects of dissimilar braze welding of austenite-copper for rail transport applications

Węgrzyn Tomasz, Szczucka-Lasota Bożena, Jurek Adam, Piotrowicz Paweł, Labus Artur, Lasota Patrycja

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2025

|

z. 222

621--627

EN

Purpose: Novelty of the paper is to present the economic aspect of austenite-copper alloy braze welding for rail transport application. Braze welding copper with austenite is treated as a difficult and expensive procedure. The aim of the article is to develop the MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding process for dissimilar austenite-copper joining without preheating that is much less expensive process of welding with preheating. Design/methodology/approach: Main parameters of the braze welding process were tested and then the quality of the obtained joint was checked. Findings: Filler materials were determined without preheating to 600° C, that is much more energy-intensive process. Research limitations/implications: It was suggested to investigate the effect of modified dissimilar austenite-copper joining. Practical implications: The proposed process innovation will result in savings of production of cost of the elements of the locomotive transformer holder. Social implications: New dissimilar austenite-copper joining process allows for energy savings. Originality/value: It is to propose a new solution in rail transport. The article is especially addressed to the elements of the locomotive transformer holder.

18

Konsekwencje ekonomiczne zniszczenia ukraińskiej infrastruktury w wyniku rosyjskiej agresji militarnej

Sas Liudmyla

Wiedza Obronna

|

2025

|

Nr 5, nr spec.

155--175

PL

W artykule omówiono skalę zniszczeń infrastruktury Ukrainy, a także określono regionalne cechy uszkodzeń w wyniku pełnoskalowej inwazji federacji rosyjskiej. Ustalono, że obiekty infrastruktury stały się jednym z głównych celów agresora, co doprowadziło do bezprecedensowych strat w sferach społecznej, transportowej, energetycznej, mieszkaniowo-komunalnej oraz cyfrowej. Całkowita suma bezpośrednich szkód, według wstępnych szacunków, wynosi 170 miliardów dolarów, co świadczy o głębokim kryzysie w zakresie zapewnienia infrastrukturalnego kraju. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wykazały, że wśród obiektów sfery społecznej największe straty poniosły: sektor mieszkaniowy (60 mld USD), obiekty opieki zdrowotnej (4,3 mld USD), edukacji (7,3 mld USD), kultury, sportu i turystyki (4 mld USD). Zniszczono i/lub uszkodzono setki tysięcy budynków mieszkalnych, tysiące placówek oświatowych i medycznych, a także zabytki kultury, w tym obiekty wpisane do rejestru UNESCO. Infrastruktura transportowa poniosła straty w wysokości ponad 38,5 mld USD. Zniszczono dziesiątki tysięcy kilometrów dróg, setki mostów, dworców, lotnisk, obiektów portowych i środków transportu. Na szczególną uwagę zasługuje zniszczenie unikalnego ukraińskiego samolotu „Mrija” oraz zmasowane ataki na porty obwodu odeskiego po wstrzymaniu korytarza zbożowego. Infrastruktura energetyczna stała się celem celowych ataków, co doprowadziło do zniszczenia wszystkich elektrowni cieplnych, elektrowni wodnych oraz elektrociepłowni na kontrolowanym terytorium. Bezpośrednie straty w sektorze energetycznym szacuje się na 14,6 mld USD. Gospodarka mieszkaniowo-komunalna doznała znacznych zniszczeń, co spowodowało długotrwałe przerwy w dostawach wody, ciepła i świadczeniu podstawowych usług. Straty w tej sferze wynoszą 3,5 mld USD. Ucierpiała również infrastruktura cyfrowa: zniszczono tysiące stacji bazowych telefonii komórkowej, uszkodzono sieci dostępu do Internetu, co doprowadziło do spadku jakości komunikacji i utraty dostępu do usług cyfrowych w wielu regionach. Całkowite straty szacuje się na 1,2 mld USD. W artykule podkreślono konieczność przeprowadzenia ekspertyz technicznych po zakończeniu aktywnych działań wojennych w celu dokładnego określenia skali zniszczeń i opracowania strategii odbudowy. Przeprowadzono analizę SWOT skutków ekonomicznych zniszczenia infrastruktury Ukrainy w wyniku agresji wojskowej federacji rosyjskiej, co pozwoliło na nakreślenie możliwych strategii rekonstrukcji, pozyskania pomocy międzynarodowej i odbudowy gospodarki kraju. Materiały badawcze mogą być wykorzystane do opracowania polityki państwowej w sferze powojennej odbudowy, planowania inwestycji oraz koordynacji działań humanitarnych.

EN

The article examines the scale of destruction of Ukraine’s infrastructure and identifies the regional features of the damage resulting from the full-scale invasion of the russian federation. It has been established that infrastructure facilities have become one of the main targets of the aggressor, which has led to unprecedented losses in the social, transport, energy, housing and communal, and digital spheres. The total amount of direct damages, according to preliminary estimates, reaches $170 billion, which indicates a deep crisis in the country’s infrastructure provision. The results of the conducted research showed that among the social sector facilities, the largest losses were incurred by: the housing sector ($60 billion), healthcare facilities ($4.3 billion), education ($7.3 billion), culture, sports, and tourism ($4 billion). Hundreds of thousands of residential buildings, thousands of educational and medical institutions, as well as cultural monuments, including objects on the UNESCO register, have been destroyed and/or damaged. Transport infrastructure suffered losses of over $38.5 billion. Tens of thousands of kilometers of roads, hundreds of bridges, railway stations, airfields, port facilities, and vehicles have been destroyed. The destruction of the unique Ukrainian „Mriya” aircraft and the large-scale attacks on the ports of the Odesa region after the termination of the grain corridor deserve special attention. The energy infrastructure has become a target of deliberate attacks, which has led to the destruction of all thermal power plants, hydroelectric power plants, and combined heat and power plants in the controlled territory. The direct damages to the energy sector are estimated at $14.6 billion. The housing and communal sector has suffered significant damage, resulting in prolonged interruptions to water supply, heating, and the provision of basic services. The losses in this area amount to $3.5 billion. The digital infrastructure has also been affected: thousands of mobile communication base stations have been destroyed, and fixed-access Internet networks have been damaged, leading to a decrease in the quality of communication and loss of access to digital services in many regions. The total losses are estimated at $1.2 billion. The article emphasizes the need for technical inspections after the completion of active hostilities to accurately determine the extent of the damage and form reconstruction strategies. A SWOT analysis of the economic consequences of the destruction of Ukraine’s infrastructure as a result of the military aggression of the russian federation was carried out, which made it possible to outline possible strategies for reconstruction, attracting international assistance, and restoring the country’s economy. The research materials can be used for the development of state policy in the field of post-war recovery, investment planning, and coordination of humanitarian efforts.

19

Multi-aspect study of the transport, forwarding, and logistics sector

Zysińska Małgorzata, Żak Jolanta, Seidel Saskia

Transport Problems

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2025

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T. 20, z. 3

122--133

EN

This article presents a novel, proprietary multi-aspect evaluation method designed specifically for assessing service in the transport, forwarding, and logistics (T&L) sector, with a focus on international road transport. Developed in 2023 in response to growing market volatility – including disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical tensions such as the war in Ukraine, escalating energy prices, and regulatory changes like the EU Mobility Package – the method provides a robust framework for assessing and comparing service implementation across various market segments. It integrates economic, technical, qualitative, and environmental sustainability dimensions. Unlike existing methods, this approach facilitates precise service assessment comparisons between providers and clients, thereby uncovering substantial discrepancies in service perception. While both customers and companies identified faultless deliveries, reliability, and timeliness as key service selection criteria, companies consistently assigned higher importance ratings – particularly emphasizing completeness of service – revealing a tendency toward overestimation that suggests the need for more realistic self-assessment aligned with customer expectations. Empirical research conducted in 2023 using standardized questionnaires and interval-based evaluation techniques uncovered systematic overestimations by T&L companies regarding their service performance. Notably, companies frequently overestimate their service performance in areas such as reliability, technical standards, and reputation. The proposed method stands out for its integration of economic, technical, qualitative, and environmental sustainability parameters, along with its statistical rigor, as it applies tools such as Student’s t-test, the Mann–Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Cramer’s V coefficient. Its simplicity, low implementation cost, and adaptability make it suitable for repeated commercial use across different service segments. This innovative approach supports the development of rankings and forecasting trends. By offering a validated and scalable tool for comparative analysis, this innovative method fills a critical gap in the evaluation of T&L services and companies. It provides actionable insights for both internal management and external market positioning, with relevance extending beyond Poland to the broader EU context.

20

Innovation management in transport – an economic perspective in the era of climate transformation

Borowski Piotr F.

Transport Problems

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2025

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T. 20, z. 2

161--170

EN

An important element of a zero-emission economy is technological innovation and the economic aspects of the transformation, which enable effective and cost-effective emission reductions. A zero-emission economy aims to completely eliminate greenhouse gas emissions, which requires the transformation of the energy, transport, and industry sectors, among others. A particular challenge is reducing emissions in transport, which is responsible for approximately 25% of global carbon dioxide emissions resulting from energy consumption, primarily from fossil fuels. In the face of growing climate requirements and commitments resulting from the Paris Agreement, the transformation of this sector is becoming a priority for environmental policy at all levels. This article aims to demonstrate the role of innovative management strategies implemented by energy companies in the decarbonization process of transport, with a particular emphasis on economic aspects. By providing clean energy, developing infrastructure, and investing in modern technologies and services, these companies play a key role in the transformation of the transport sector. The costs of investing in modern technologies, such as electromobility, hydrogen, or intelligent transport systems, must be considered, as they require significant financial outlays for the development and implementation of solutions. Additionally, expenditures related to the adaptation of infrastructure, including the construction of charging stations and the modernization of the railway network, are significant and pose a challenge to public and private budgets. The scientific novelty of the present article lies in the interdisciplinary economic and technological analysis, which integrates innovation management, energy sector development, and transport transformation in the context of global climate challenges. It highlights strategic mechanisms and management tools that have been insufficiently explored so far, enabling a better understanding of how to effectively support transport decarbonization while considering economic aspects and infrastructure challenges.