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1

Implementation of Business Intelligence for Sales Prediction and Inventory Optimization and Maintenance in SME Carton Box Company with Open-Source Application

Gozali Lina, Zulfan Pricilia Micca, Sukania I Wayan, Ismail Syuhaida, Cheng Wan Hee, Masrom Maslin, Robin Christhoper

Management Systems in Production Engineering

|

2026

|

nr 1 (34)

85--96

EN

This study aims to implement business intelligence (BI) as a solution to the challenges faced by the carton box manufacturing company in improving operational efficiency and supporting data-based decision-making. The main problems include inaccuracy in sales forecasting, which causes an imbalance between demand and stock; inefficiency in inventory management, resulting in overstock and stockout; and a reactive maintenance approach, which results in significant machine downtime. In addition to overcoming these problems, this study uses various methods such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to improve the accuracy of sales predictions, Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) and Material Requirements Planning (MRP) for inventory optimization and Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) to improve maintenance efficiency. The Power BI platform is the primary analytical tool to visualize data, identify patterns, and support decision-making. The results of the BI implementation show significant improvements in various aspects of the company’s operations. Sales predictions become more accurate with ANN, which allows the company to manage stock more efficiently and reduce storage costs. Analysis using EOQ and MRP successfully reduced the risk of overstock and stockout, while applying the OEE method increased the machine’s availability, performance, and operational quality. Data visualization with Power BI provides deeper insights for management, facilitates problem identification, and supports faster and more precise strategic decision-making.

2

Enhancing operational efficiency with business intelligence: Industrial applications

Kočišová Michaela, Slota Ján, Sukopová Dominika, Fiľo Milan

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2025

|

Vol. 19, no. 7

252--265

EN

In the rapidly evolving world of business intelligence (BI) and data analytics, MS Power BI Desktop has become a key tool for data visualization and improving decision-making across various sectors. This article examines the development of MS Power BI Desktop since its introduction in 2017 and provides a detailed analysis of its applications across different industries, with a focus on manufacturing. The aim was to create an analytical tool that would meet the specific requirements of a company facing challenges in efficiently processing and visualizing large amounts of data. As part of this research, we developed a dashboard in collaboration with a manufacturing company, designed according to its needs. In the process of selecting the tool, we compared MS Power BI Desktop with other popular tools such as Tableau and Qlik Sense. We found that MS Power BI Desktop best suited the company’s needs, especially in terms of cost-effectiveness, ease of integration with existing systems, and the ability to customize visualizations for different organizational needs. This tool provided valuable analytical insights that helped identify areas for improvement, such as optimizing manufacturing processes and reducing downtime. The results show how the use of MS Power BI Desktop led to significant improvements in operational efficiency and supported strategic decision-making. This paper contributes to the literature on practical applications of MS Power BI Desktop in real business conditions, providing concrete examples and recommendations for further use of this tool in various industrial sectors.

3

Continuous update of business process trees using Continuous Inductive Miner

Pawlak Tomasz P., Górka Bartosz

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

|

2023

|

Vol. 71, nr 1

art. no. e143551

EN

Business processes are omnipresent in nowadays economy: companies operate repetitively to achieve their goals, e.g., deliver goods, complete orders. The business process model is the key to understanding, managing, controlling, and verifying the operations of a company. Modeling of business processes may be a legal requirement in some market segments, e.g., financial in the European Union, and a prerequisite for certification, e.g., of the ISO-9001 standard. However, business processes naturally evolve, and continuous model adaptation is essential for rapid spot and reaction to changes in the process. The main contribution of this work is the Continuous Inductive Miner (CIM) algorithm that discovers and continuously adapts the process tree, an established representation of the process model, using the batches of event logs of the business process. CIM joins the exclusive guarantees of its two batch predecessors, the Inductive Miner (IM) and the Inductive Miner – directlyfollows-based (IMd): perfectly fit and sound models, and single-pass event log processing, respectively. CIM offers much shorter computation times in the update scenario than IM and IMd. CIM employs statistical information to work around the need to remember event logs as IM does while ensuring the perfect fit, contrary to IMd.

4

The use of managerial dashboards in manufacturing companies

Dzieża Grzegorz, Sikora Marek

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2022

|

z. 156

157--168

EN

Purpose: The aim of the publication is to diagnose the level and to assess the possibility of using managerial dashboards created in an Excel spreadsheet to supervise management processes in enterprises. Design/methodology/approach: The research developed the method of a directed interview with the staff at various management levels. The supervision of technological processes, economic analysis, and the provision of broadly understood services for citizens have been the subject of the research. Findings: Managers show little interest in improving their employees' analytical skills. Training in this area is not planned and the impact of analytical capabilities of the tools available for the functioning of the company are not appreciated. Research limitations/implications: The results of the research are not representative, but they encourage the authors to carry out a broader and more in-depth analysis of the existing situation in enterprises. Practical implications: The research shows the need to rationalize human resources management. This process requires an increased supervision over employee development planning with the use of the appropriate training. This may have a significant impact on efficient management and, consequently, on the company's financial results. Originality/value: The article is to be an element stimulating the management to more thoughtful activities in the field of selection, training, and use of personnel at various levels of management in the company.

5

Comparative Study of the Identification Methods of the Management System of the Day-Ahead Market of Polish Energy Market S.A.

Marlęga Radosław

Studia Informatica : systems and information technology

|

2021

|

Vol. 1-2(25)

67--86

EN

Nowadays, identification and neural methods are used more and more often in modeling IT forecasting systems in addition to analytical methods. Six characteristic models used to forecast the Day- Ahead Market system functioning as a transaction management system at the Polish Power Exchange (POLPX) and the Nord Pool Spot market have been selected for comparative analysis. The research was preceded by a detailed discussion of modern criteria used to assess the quality of model fitting to the system, namely: effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness. In the literature, there are two main groups of system modeling methods, namely time series modeling methods and identification modeling methods, including neural modeling methods. Modeling usually results in such models as parametric models and artificial neural networks learned neural models of the Day-Ahead Market, as well as time series models, among others. In the comparative analysis, special attention was paid to the accuracy of the obtained models concerning the system. It has been pointed out that the studied solutions used to measure the accuracy of modeling criteria such as accuracy of fit or efficiency, and did not use the modeling efficiency, which is very important in IT forecasting systems for such large markets as the Day-Ahead Market of POLPX. The search for the best market models, including identification models of the Day- Ahead Market operation that can be used in electricity price forecasting is a very important issue both from the point of view of algorithmic solutions and economical solutions.

6

Elementy oceny instytucji publicznej przez pryzmat celów organizacji

Frąś Józef, Borowiecka Olga

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie

|

2020

|

Nr 81

35--45

PL

Ocena efektywności procesów wpisuje się w nurt funkcjonowania współczesnych instytucji publicznych. Praktyka wykazuje, że analiza procesów biznesowych i ich optymalizowanie wpływają na efektywność działania całej instytucji. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie metodyki oceny funkcjonowania organizacji. W artykule zaprezentowano istotne aspekty oceny komórek biznesowych. Analizie poddano jeden z obszarów systemu oceny Zakładu Ubezpieczeń Społecznych. W tym celu wykorzystano metodę studium przypadku. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników badań zaproponowano budowę hurtowni danych z jednoczesnym wdrożeniem metody business intelligence.

EN

The assessment of process effectiveness is in line with the functioning of contemporary public institutions. Practice shows that the analysis of business processes and their optimization affect the efficiency of operation of the entire institution. The aim of the work is to present the methodology for the evaluation of the organization's functioning. The article presents important aspects of business unit assessment. The analysis covers one of the areas of the Social Insurance Institution's assessment system. For this purpose, the case study method was used. Based on the obtained research results, a data warehouse was proposed with the simultaneous implementation of the business intelligence method.

7

Identifying important skills set to support reporting and analyzing in project management

Zdonek Iwona

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2020

|

z. 143

319--328

EN

Purpose: The article presents the results of qualitative research related to identifying the set of skills needed in project management business analysis. Design/methodology/approach: To recognize the set of skills, it was important to focus on three pivotal issues, starting with specifying which layers of business analysis in project management can be extracted, then answering the question of which IT tools are to be used in this analysis as well, and which skills are needed to perform in it. The main research method was participation observation by way of the author’s involvement in a project management team. Findings: The following layers of business analysis in project management were established: 1) data management, 2) intelligent calculations, 3) delivery mode, 4) consumption device, 5) business enablement. The most important skills are as follows: joining disparate data sources, cleaning data, organizing data better, creating calculations, adjusting visualizations to the tools used by end-users to consume visualizations. MS Excel and MS Access were found to be valuable tools used in this analysis. Originality/value: New in the paper is an examination of the set of skills needed in the project management business analysis in the context of applying MS Excel and MS Access.

8

Computer-aided material demand planning using ERP systems and business intelligence technology

Danilczuk Wojciech, Gola Arkadiusz

Applied Computer Science

|

2020

|

Vol. 16, no. 3

42--55

EN

Effective decision-making in industry conditions requires access and proper presentation of manufacturing data on the realised manufacturing process. Although the frequently applied ERP systems allow for recording economic events, their potential for decision support is limited. The article presents an original system for reporting manufacturing data based on Business Intelligence technology as a support for junior and middle management. As an example a possibility of utilising data from ERP systems to support decision-making in the field of purchases and logistics in small and medium enterprises.

9

The importance and acquisition of information in the light of benchmarking

Szuper Katarzyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2019

|

z. 138

231--239

EN

Benchmarking is a modern method of management that creates opportunity to improve, measure and compare own results with the leader’s results and then to describe its various forms. The author emphasizes the importance of information being a valuable resource of the company and at the same time being the basis for applying the benchmarking method. It is worthwhile noting that not all information that reachesthe organization is useful. Therefore, the need to analyze and evaluate information becomes more and more important. In this work, the methods of obtaining information directly and indirectly have been distinguished. In the last part of the work, the concept of "business intelligence" was explained and various variants of it were listed and explained. The problem of economic espionage and methods that can be used by people who want to obtain data for benchmarking was also outlined. However, it is worth noting that both concepts of business intelligence and economic espionage share a very thin border.

10

Cluster analysis as a preliminary problem in neural modelling of the Polish Power Exchange

Tchórzewski Jerzy, Jezierski Jakub

Information Systems in Management

|

2019

|

Vol. 8, No. 1

69--81

EN

The work focuses on cluster analysis as a preliminary problem in neural model- ling based on the data quoted on the Day Ahead Market of the Polish Power Ex- change as a subsystem of the system of Towarowa Giełda Energii S.A. [Polish Pow- er Exchange]. The paper contains the results of literature research related to cluster analysis methods, description of possible applications of artificial neural networks SOM for mapping information on the volume of electrical power sold and prices ob- tained, description of possible applications of MATLAB and Simulink environment, and especially Neural Network Toolbox for mapping knowledge, and cluster analy- sis performed for selected data.

11

Business analytics of enterprises in terms of strategy

Kościelniak H., Łęgowik-Świącik S., Jancikova E.

Polish Journal of Management Studies

|

2017

|

Vol. 16, No. 1

67--77

EN

The paper is devoted to the problem of strategic business analytics. The aim of the study is to show business analytics supporting the construction and development of the company development strategy. In order to achieve the assumed goal there has been applied the method of critical analysis of the domestic and foreign literature in the field of business analytics of enterprises domestically and worldwide. In the paper, there have been identified the factors for the use of business analytics. Three priority factors which are the arguments for the application of business analytics in management processes and enterprise development strategies are: speed/ease of deployment (68% of indications), ease of use for business users (65% of indications) and self-service and data discovery tools (61% of indications). Moreover, managers of enterprises with the best economic and financial results, achieving return on assets (ROA) of more than 10%, almost agreeably (90% of indications) claim that analytical tools are necessary for the proper implementation of the strategy and the achievement of increasingly higher economic and financial results. The value of the paper consists in showing a new trend in the development of business analytics, which is to support the process of strategic management and analytical competition.

PL

Artykuł poświęcono problematyce strategicznej analityce biznesowej. Celem opracowania jest ukazanie roli analityki biznesowej wspomagającej budowę i realizację strategii rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa. Aby osiągnąć założony cel zastosowano metodę krytycznej analizy literatury krajowej i zagranicznej z zakresu analityki biznesowej oraz przedstawiono badania empiryczne z zakresu stosowania analityki biznesowej przedsiębiorstw na świecie i w kraju. W artykule zidentyfikowano czynniki przemawiające za stosowaniem analityki biznesowej. Trzy priorytetowe czynniki, które przemawiają za stosowaniem analityki biznesowej w procesach zarządzania i strategiach rozwoju przedsiębiorstw to: szybkość i łatwość wdrożenia (68% wskazań), łatwość obsługi przez użytkowników biznesowych (65% wskazań), samoobsługa i wykrywanie danych (61% wskazań). Co więcej, menedżerowie przedsiębiorstw o najlepszych wynikach ekonomiczno-finansowych, osiągających stopę zwrotu kapitału całkowitego (ROA) wyższą niż 10%, prawie zgodnie (90% wskazań) twierdzą, że narzędzia analityczne są niezbędne do właściwej realizacji strategii i osiągania coraz wyższych wyników ekonomiczno-finansowych. Wartość artykułu polega na ukazaniu nowej tendencji w rozwoju analityki biznesowej, jaką jest wspomaganie procesu zarządzania strategicznego i konkurencji analitycznej.

12

Projektowanie i harmonogramowanie robót górniczych w LW Bogdanka S.A. z wykorzystaniem narzędzi IT drugiej generacji

Kijanka D., Wróbel D.

Inżynieria Górnicza

|

2017

|

nr 1-2

24--28

PL

Artykuł porusza temat najnowszych narzędzi IT do planowania produkcji wdrożonych w ostatnim czasie w kopalni Bogdanka. System współpracuje z programami stosowanymi wcześniej w kopalni. W jego skład wchodzą moduł planistyczny oraz baza danych MDM. Proces planowania produkcji w oprogramowaniu Deswik oparty jest na trójwymiarowym modelu kopalni i ściśle powiązanych z nim harmonogramach robót górniczych. Wynikiem prac z systemem są raporty, które powszechnie wykorzystuje się w wielu działach kopalni.

EN

The article raises a subject of up-to-date mining operations planning tools that have recently been implemented in the Bogdanka mine. The system co-operates with software previously used in the mine. It consists of planning and MDM modules. The production planning process in the Deswik software is based upon a three-dimensional model of the mine and mining works schedules strictly linked to it. The outcome of the system operations are reports which are commonly used by various mine departments.

13

Association Rules as a Decision Making Model in the Textile Industry

Istrat V., Lalić N.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

|

2017

|

Vol. 25, no. 4 (124)

8--14

EN

Sales process disfunctions in the textile industry are problems that cause loss of customers, incomplete market supply, etc. The objective of the research is to analyse transactions from the textile industry database in order to find patterns in buyers’ behavior and improve the model of decision-making. Association rules, one of the most noticeable data mining techniques, is used as methodology to learn rules and market patterns that occur in sales in the textile industry, which will enhance the decision-making process, by making it more effective and efficient. The Apriori algorithm was applied and open source software Orange was used. It has been shown using a real-life dataset containing 2000 transactions from the textile industry of the South East Europe region that the approach proposed is useful in discovering effective knowledge in data associated with sales. The study reports new interesting rules and the dependence of the following parameters: support, confidence, lift and leverage on making more customized offers in the textile industry.

PL

Nieprawidłowości w procesie sprzedaży w przemyśle tekstylnym powodują m.in. utratę klientów. Celem badania była analiza transakcji z bazy danych przemysłu tekstylnego w celu znalezienia wzorców na zachowaniach nabywców i udoskonalenia modelu decyzji. Analiza koszykowa, jako jedna z najlepiej dostrzegalnych technik kopiowania danych, jest stosowana w metodologii uczenia się reguł i wzorców rynkowych, które występują w sprzedaży w przemyśle tekstylnym zwiększając efektywność procesu podejmowania decyzji. W pracy użyto algorytmu Apriori i oprogramowania Orange. W pracy wykazano, że przy użyciu zestawu danych rzeczywistych zawierającego 2000 transakcji z przemysłu tekstylnego w regionie Europy Południowo-Wschodniej, proponowane podejście jest przydatne w odkrywaniu skutecznej wiedzy w zakresie danych związanych ze sprzedażą.

14

The concept of business intelligence in the microsoft SQL Server environment

Szmajduch M.

Information Systems in Management

|

2016

|

Vol. 5, No. 3

413--423

EN

Application of supporting business-related decision making processes through the use of information systems is becoming one of the fundamental requirements of the market competition. In this paper we present a survey of Business Intelligence (BI) models which can be implemented in Microsoft SQL Server environment. The survey is a response to the rapid development of BI solutions as they enter new areas of company’s activities, adopting new technologies. Business Intelligence systems have become an integral part of every major company. The aim of this analysis is to present the Microsoft SQL Server capabilities, functionalities and services dedicated for the BI purposes. The overview is provided with simple comprehensive analysis of selected environment components indicating their relevance to the particular company requirements. The summary of the significance of using Microsoft SQL Server software is the review of selected services.

15

Przegląd zastosowań analizy text miningowej

Gładysz A.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

|

2016

|

R. 17, nr 12

1742--1746

PL

W artykule omówiona została eksploracyjna analiza danych tekstowych ze szczególnym naciskiem na zastosowania analizy text miningowej. We współczesnym świecie istnieje wiele różnych branż biznesowych w których pracownicy stykają się z nadmiarem napływających informacji. Rozwój społeczeństwa informacyjnego oraz technologii informatycznych pociągnął za sobą w sposób naturalny powstanie zautomatyzowanych systemów wspomagających wyszukiwanie i porządkowanie informacji. Techniki text miningu znajdują coraz większe zastosowanie, zaś szeroki przegląd zastosowań wraz ze wskazaniem praktycznym możliwości zastosowania analizy text miningowej został dogłębnie omówiony w artykule.

EN

The article discussed the text mining with particular emphasis on the use of text mining analysis. In the modern world there are many different business industries where workers are in contact with an excess of incoming information. The development of the information society and information technology entailed a natural rise of automated systems to support search and organize information. Text mining techniques are increasingly applied, and a broad overview of applications, together with an indication of the practical possibilities of the use of text mining analysis has been thoroughly discussed in the article.

16

Koncepcja szkoleniowej bazy danych „Dynamiczna populacja” : projekt realizowany przez koło naukowe

Ptasznik A., Jeżewski P., Redzik A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Warszawskiej Wyższej Szkoły Informatyki

|

2015

|

nr 13

21--32

PL

W artykule opisano koncepcję realizowanej przez koło naukowe szkoleniowej bazy danych. Wskazano genezę projektu oraz jego główne założenia. Przedstawiona została realizacja podstawowych etapów projektu oraz wizja dalszego rozwoju systemu.

EN

The paper presents a concept of a Training Database, which is being implemented by Students Scientific Association. It characterizes the genesis of the project, along with its main principles. Realization of the fundamental stages of the project and the vision of the further development of the system has been shown.

17

Professional profiles and personality traits towards social network team building

Evangelinos O., Zigkolis C., Vakali A.

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

|

2015

|

nr 18(3)

191-201

EN

Today’s increasing hurriedness in our way of life along with technology advances demand from businesses to react always in a faster mode, while maintaining or, better yet, improving the quality of their products and services. Towards that objective, businesses can gain benefits by employing redefined team-building processes through which teams will be generated in a more cohesive and efficient manner. Aiming at forming productive and effective teams, we present PROTEAS, a framework where professional profiles and personality traits are both taken into account in the teambuilding process. The professional portrait of users is drawn from their LinkedIn accounts, while hints for their personality are obtained by a well-defined questionnaire based on the Big Five Factor Model. The significance of personality is substantiated by recent research work where it has been proven that personality traits can play a vital role in group dynamics. Motivated by the latter, PROTEAS defines a series of variables where characteristics of team members (e.g. skills, education) are combined with personality traits towards identifying candidate teams. All candidates are evaluated via a weight-based algorithm which calculates pair-wise similarities among teams’ members and ranks the teams accordingly at the end. To assess the effectiveness of PROTEAS an academic setting has been chosen and through the experimentation a number of interesting observations occurred which are analogous to those of similar researches, confirming the significance of personality and professional compatibility between team members.

18

Analityczne systemy wspomagania zarządzania przedsiębiorstwem 3PL

Muryjas P., Muryjas M.

Logistyka

|

2015

|

nr 4

5013--5022, CD 2

PL

Współczesne przedsiębiorstwa produkcyjne i handlowe coraz częściej korzystają z usług logistycznych świadczonych w ramach outsourcingu przez firmy 3PL. Wyspecjalizowały się one w kompleksowej obsłudze, oferując usługi transportowe, spedycyjne, przeładunkowe, magazynowania czy zarządzania zapasami. Konieczność zaspokojenia coraz to wyższych wymagań klientów sprawiła, iż firmy 3PL muszą stworzyć warunki dla efektywnego i skutecznego funkcjonowania łańcucha dostaw. Jednocześnie powinny one podjąć działania mające na celu prognozowanie przyszłych potrzeb klientów, aby zapewnić dostępność właściwych usług we właściwym czasie i miejscu. W artykule zaprezentowano znaczenie analitycznego podejścia do zarządzania współczesnym przedsiębiorstwem 3PL. Wskazano obszary zastosowania systemów analitycznych i systemów business intelligence oraz korzyści, jakie wynikają z ich wdrożenia. Ponadto przedstawiono studia przypadków potwierdzające zasadność wykorzystywania systemów tego rodzaju do wspomagania procesów decyzyjnych.

EN

The modern production and commercial enterprises are increasingly using the logistics services outsourced by third-party logistics (3PL) companies. They offer comprehensive services, including transport, shipping, handling, warehousing and inventory management. The necessity to meet more and more sophisticated customer requirements caused that 3PL companies must create the conditions for the effective and efficient functioning of the supply chain. Simultaneously they should take action to predict customer needs to ensure the availability of appropriate services at the right time and right place. The paper presents the importance of analytical approach to the management of contemporary 3PL enterprise. The areas of analytical systems use and the benefits of their implementation have been here pointed out. Moreover, the case studies, which confirm the validity of use of such systems to support decision making, have been presented.

19

Changing bi paradigms reflecting service oriented business intelligence

Pospiech M., Felden C.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2014

|

z. 71

244--259

EN

Business Intelligence promises improved decision making. To meet the changing business requirements, BI has to reduce latency between data acquisition and decision. As a result of growing needs, concepts like Real Time, Active, Operational, Business Performance Management or embedded BI are introduced in the literature. Nevertheless, the technical implementation prevents the realization of these concepts. Thus, overloaded infrastructures and heterogeneous system landscapes avoid further evolution. To prevent this lack of system integration and performance, we address the changing BI paradigms through a service-oriented approach. Hence, the novel BI concepts and Service-oriented Business Intelligence (SoBI) theories are illustrated and combined in a uniform artifact. The construct is developed by using reference modeling. As a result, a SoBI reference architecture accrues, which becomes validated successfully and provides a basis for future implementations. This paper offers a flexible approach that reduces the latency in order of dynamic market environments.

PL

Inteligentne systemy komputerowe pomocne są w procesie wspomagania decyzji do zmieniających się wymagań biznesowych. System BI ma zmniejszyć opóźnienie między procesami akwizycji danych i podejmowania decyzji. Niemniej w praktyce trudna jest strona techniczna dotycząca realizacji tych koncepcji. Aby uniknąć problemów związanych z integracją i wydajnością systemu, możemy dostosować się do zmieniających się paradygmatów BI przez podejście zorientowane na usługi. Stąd nowe koncepcja BI zorientowana na usługi Business Intelligence. W publikacji przedstawiono elastyczne podejście, które zmniejsza opóźnienia w dynamicznym środowisku rynkowym.

20

Polskie wywiadownie gospodarcze – źródło informacji o podwykonawcach

Karcińska P., Plebankiewicz E.

Przegląd Budowlany

|

2014

|

R. 85, nr 6

36--39

PL

W artykule scharakteryzowane zostało jedno z możliwych do użycia w tym zakresie źródeł informacji, tj. wywiadownie gospodarcze. Przedstawione zostało również porównanie wybranych polskich wywiadowni pod kątem proponowanych przez nie usług, do tych działających w krajach zachodnich, gdzie podpisanie prawie każdego kontraktu jest poprzedzone badaniem wiarygodności firmy przez wywiadownię handlową.

EN

The article describes one possible use in this area of information sources, i.e. business intelligence. The paper will also present a comparison of selected Polish intelligence agencies in terms of their proposed services to those operating in Western countries, where the signing of almost every contract is preceded by an investigation of a company’s credibility by the commercial information agency.