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1

Optimization of effective parameters in flotation of fluorite from lowgrade ore without frother

Farati Alireza, Chegini Mostafa, Sobouti Arash, Alimohammadi Sina

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2025

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Vol. 61, iss. 2

art. no. 203316

EN

This study investigates the flotation behavior of low-grade fluorite ore from the Tuye Darvar Damghan mine. Characterization techniques, including XRD, optical microscopy, and SEM-EDX, were employed to analyze the mineralogical and textural properties of the ore. Flotation experiments were conducted using a Denver cell to evaluate the effect of various parameters, including particle size, solid percent, collector concentration (sodium oleate), depressant concentration (sodium silicate), and pH, on the recovery and grade of fluorite concentrate. The results demonstrate that optimal flotation conditions were achieved at a pH of 8, with a particle size of 75 μm, a solid percent of 20%, a collector concentration of 600 g/t, and a depressant concentration of 100 g/t. Under these conditions and through a seven-step cleaning process, a fluorite concentrate with a grade of 91.5% and a recovery of 16.75% was obtained. This study provides valuable insights into the flotation behavior of low-grade fluorite and can serve as a guide for optimizing industrial-scale flotation processes.

2

Influence of mineralogy of low grade refractory Au ore on processing and blending strategy

Gökdemir Sena Naz, Can İlkay Bengü, Harzanak Ahad

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2025

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Vol. 61, iss. 3

art. no. 204554

EN

Gold recoveries can be low when refractory gold-bearing ores are subjected to direct cyanide leaching, so pre-treatment processes may be required prior to leaching. In this study, drill core samples from a refractory gold ore deposit were mineralogically characterized and three main zones were defined as sulfide, transition, and oxide. Native gold occurs in association with pyrite in the sulfide and transition zones, while in the oxide zone it has been found to be sub-microscopic size and associated with FeOx minerals. The Au contents were determined as 1.13 ppm, 0.71 ppm and 0.76 ppm in sulfide, transition, and oxide zones, respectively. Bottle-roll tests indicated that the ore deposit can be classified as refractory with average Au recoveries for the sulfide, transition, and oxide zones of 33.1%, 40.48% and 59.5%, respectively. The flotation method was applied under different conditions for all zones and the results were evaluated in terms of gold recovery and grade. The highest gold recoveries in the sulfide and transition zones have been achieved using Aero 8045 and PAX collectors, however the synergetic effect of the collectors (PAX-strong and Aero 407-selective) has been found to be useful. The flotation concentrate was also roasted and leached, but the Au recoveries achieved were not as high as those achieved by flotation. The blending potential of the zones was evaluated, and it was concluded that sulfide and transition zones could be processed together by flotation.

3

Recovery of packaging waste from polymer materials

Karwowska Joanna, Żakowska Hanna

Packaging Review

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2025

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No. 2

6--12

EN

In the EU countries, more than 16 million tons of packaging waste from polymeric materials are generated. This is a significant group, which constitutes about 20% of the mass of all packaging waste. This waste requires management through recovery processes including recycling, energy recovery or reuse after preparation for further use. For polymeric waste from classic plastics, the basic form of recycling is material recycling. In the future, due to new investments, chemical recycling will become more important. For the waste from biodegradable plastics with confirmed compostability, organic recycling is the appropriate method. Due to its high calorific value, packaging waste from polymeric materials that is not suitable for recycling is subject to energy recovery.

PL

W państwach UE powstaje ponad 16 mln ton odpadów opakowaniowych z tworzyw polimerowych. Jest to znacząca grupa, która stanowi około 20% masy wszystkich odpadów opakowaniowych. Odpady te wymagają zagospodarowania poprzez procesy odzysku obejmujące recykling, odzysk energii lub ponowne wykorzystanie po przygotowaniu do kolejnego użycia. Dla odpadów polimerowych z klasycznych tworzyw podstawową formą recyklingu jest recykling materiałowy. W przyszłości, ze względu na nowe inwestycje, większe znaczenie zyska recykling chemiczny. Dla odpadów z tworzyw biodegradowalnych o potwierdzonej kompostowalności właściwą metodą jest recykling organiczny. Z uwagi na wysoką wartość opałową nieprzydatne do recyklingu odpady opakowaniowe z tworzyw polimerowych poddawane są odzyskowi energii.

4

Rekuperacja w nowych i istniejących budynkach

Czernik Damian

Izolacje

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2025

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T. 30, nr 4

40--42

PL

W artykule autor przygląda się kluczowym wyzwaniom, przed którymi stają inwestorzy planujący wdrożenie systemu rekuperacji, oraz omawia najważniejsze kwestie, na które warto zwrócić uwagę, aby instalacja była jak najbardziej efektywna i dostosowana do indywidualnych potrzeb budynku.

EN

In this article, the author examines the key challenges faced by investors planning to implement a heat recovery system, and discusses the most important issues to consider to ensure that the installation is as effective as possible and tailored to the individual needs of the building.

5

The reconstruction of river system pollution changes with metals in shallow floodplain water reservoirs during the onset of the post-industrialisation period

Ciszewski Dariusz, Szarek-Gwiazda Ewa, Pociecha Agnieszka

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2025

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Vol. 51, no. 2

205--218

EN

Towards the end of the 20th century, Poland’s economy experienced a transformation in terms of its industry and increasingly stringent environmental requirements. Together, these resulted in the general improvement of the quality of the aquatic environment. The Chechło River catchment is an example of such changes, where the closure of many industrial plants (including a zinc-lead [Zn-Pb] mine), the reclamation of several hot spots and the extension of sewage treatment contributed to a general decline in sediment pollution with Zn, Pb and Cd. The aim of the investigations was to evaluate the rate of these changes in order to assess the river recovery rate to the pre-industrial pollution level. The research involved the comparison of sediment pollution in subsidence reservoirs from two different eras: the peak of pollution and the post-industrial era. We observed a decrease in sediment pollution, mostly influenced by the closure of the Zn-Pb mine in 2010, despite many sources being closed or mitigated at that time. The change in sediment pollution was very well observed in the younger reservoir of the post-industrialisation period which is an efficient trap for sediments transported since ca. 2007. Considering that the sampling took place less than 10 years after the closure of the mine, we could regard the 3–4-fold drop as a rapid change. In older reservoirs, which were active already during the period of peak river pollution but connected with the river only by narrow ditches, changes in sediment pollution were minor. Pollution changes expected in the future will be much slower because the supply of pollutants from diffuse sources has dispersed in the prevailing part of the catchment.

6

Ograniczenia widmowej metody estymacji częstotliwości w sensorze lokalizacyjnym zbudowanym na komputerze jednopłytkowym

Bednarz Kacper, Wojtuń Jarosław, Ziółkowski Cezary

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

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2024

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nr 4

93--96

PL

Lokalizacja mobilnych źródeł emisji radiowych wiąże się z koniecznością wykonywania wszelkich obliczeń w czasie rzeczywistym. Projektując sensor lokalizacyjny przeznaczony do wykorzystania na dronach, mamy natomiast do czynienia z ograniczonym rozmiarem ładunku. Metodą lokalizacji, która może zostać zaimplementowana na takim nośniku jest signal Doppler frequency, bazująca na estymacji częstotliwości dopplerowskiej. Częstotliwość ta może być wyznaczana na wiele sposobów. W tym artykule przebadano możliwości obliczeniowe różnych komputerów jednopłytkowych wchodzących w skład elementów sensora lokalizacyjnego, w przypadku zaimplementowania na nich widmowej metody estymacji częstotliwości. W oparciu o uzyskane wyniki określono ograniczenia związane z maksymalną szerokością pasma sygnałów emitowanych przez lokalizowane nadajniki.

EN

The location of mobile radio emission sources requires performing all calculations in real time. When designing a location sensor intended for use on drones, we are faced with a limited payload size. The location method that can be implemented on such a carrier is signal Doppler frequency, based on Doppler frequency estimation. This frequency can be determined in many ways. This article examines the computational capabilities of various single-board computers included in the location sensor components when a spectral frequency estimation method is implemented on them. Based on the results obtained, limitations related to the maximum bandwidth of signals emitted by the located transmitters were determined.

7

International Determinants of Demining Territories in the Context of Sustainable Development: Economic Projection

Rohozian Yuliia, Sieriebriak Kseniia, Akhromkin Yevhen, Plietnov Mykhailo, Vakhlakova Viktoriia

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2024

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Vol. 19, no. 2

203--214

EN

The problem of landmines is becoming increasingly prevalent, with a growing impact on all spheres of society and a consequent slowing down of sustainable development planning at the international, national and local levels. Since February 2022, the issue of mine clearance has become even more relevant for Ukraine, where active hostilities are still ongoing, which requires a thorough study of the economic, social and environmental aspects of this process. In order to mitigate the negative impact of the war and possibly speed up the clearance of mines and other explosive hazards, it is important to analyse the key results of international experience in this area, which has already been gained by a significant number of countries. In order to expand on the subject of this study the example of demining territories of the seven most heavily mined countries in the world were chosen: Albania, Afghanistan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, Croatia and Turkey. The authors concentrated on identifying problems and highlighting the potential for further research into the sustainable dimension of demining, which is considered in this study to be the initial stage of territorial rehabilitation. In this context, the authors focus on the key results of demining through the prism of sustainable development, with particular emphasis on the economic component, as it affects the possibility of rapid resumption of economic and other peaceful use of the territories affected by armed conflicts. This formed the basis of the conclusions, where the authors substantiated ways to implement international demining experience in Ukrainian practice that lies in the inclusion of sustainable development components in strategic and operational documents at the national level. This is to lay a solid foundation for restoring the economic, social and environmental potential of territories in the context of war and post-war recovery.

PL

Problem min przeciwpiechotnych staje się coraz bardziej powszechny, wywierając coraz większy wpływ na wszystkie sfery życia społecznego i w konsekwencji spowalniając planowanie zrównoważonego rozwoju na poziomie międzynarodowym, krajowym i lokalnym. Od lutego 2022 r. kwestia rozminowywania stała się jeszcze bardziej istotna dla Ukrainy, gdzie nadal trwają aktywne działania wojenne, co wymaga dokładnego zbadania ekonomicznych, społecznych i środowiskowych aspektów tego procesu. Aby złagodzić negatywne skutki wojny i ewentualnie przyspieszyć usuwanie min i innych zagrożeń wybuchowych, ważne jest przeanalizowanie kluczowych wyników międzynarodowych doświadczeń w tej dziedzinie, które zostały już zdobyte przez znaczną liczbę krajów. Aby rozszerzyć temat tego badania wybrano przykład rozminowywania terytoriów siedmiu najbardziej zaminowanych krajów na świecie: Albanię, Afganistan, Bośnię i Hercegowinę, Kambodżę, Chorwację i Turcję. Autorzy skoncentrowali się na zidentyfikowaniu problemów i podkreśleniu potencjału dalszych badań nad zrównoważonym wymiarem rozminowywania, który w niniejszym opracowaniu uznawany jest za początkowy etap odbudowy terytorialnej. W tym kontekście autorzy skupili się na kluczowych wynikach rozminowywania przez pryzmat zrównoważonego rozwoju, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem komponentu ekonomicznego, ponieważ wpływa on na możliwość szybkiego wznowienia gospodarczego i innego pokojowego wykorzystania terytoriów dotkniętych konfliktami zbrojnymi. Stanowiło to podstawę wniosków, w których autorzyuzasadnili sposoby wdrożenia międzynarodowych doświadczeń w zakresie rozminowywania w praktyce ukraińskiej, polegające na włączeniu elementów zrównoważonego rozwoju do dokumentów strategicznych i operacyjnych na poziomie krajowym. Ma to na celu stworzeniesolidnych podstaw do przywrócenia potencjału gospodarczego, społecznego i środowiskowego terytoriów w kontekście wojny i powojennej odbudowy

8

Recovery of rare earths and lithium from rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag by lime transformation, co-leaching and stepwise precipitation

Li Xinglan, Luo Peidi, Liu Zishuai, Tang Xuekun, Zhang Baqun, Guo Jiangfeng

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 2

art. no. 186333

EN

The rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag (REMSES) has recently attracted significant attention due to its potential environmental hazards and high content of rare earths and lithium, leading to a surge in recycling efforts. In this study, we propose and demonstrate a novel and straightforward process for the simultaneous extraction of rare earths and lithium from REMSES through lime transformation and sulfuric acid leaching at low temperatures. Firstly, during the lime transformation process, REMSES is converted into hydroxides that can be easily dissolved in acids. Secondly, REEs and Li present in the slag are co-extracted using a conditional sulfuric acid leaching method, resulting in 95.72% REEs leaching efficiency and 99.41% Li leaching efficiency under optimal conditions. Finally, REEs and Li in the solution are precipitated using oxalic acid and trisodium phosphate with precipitation efficiencies of 99.02% for REEs and 94.85% for Li respectively. This innovative process enables the conversion of REEs and lithium from REMSES into high-purity products (a mixture of REOs with 99.31% purity; Li3PO4 with 98.93% purity), thereby facilitating their valuable utilization.

9

Enhancing PHGMS performance for recovery of ultra-fine ilmenite from tailings

Ahmed Nourhan, Li Xiaowei, Xue Zixing, Ren Xiangjun, Huang Huichun, Chen Luzheng

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 3

art. no. 189617

EN

In southwest China, the Panzhihua area annually produces about 80 million tons of tailings with a TiO2 grade of around 5.0%, which causes serious waste of titanium resources as well as environmental and safety issues. The ilmenite contained in these tailings is ultra-fine in size, so it is difficult to recover under the regular operating conditions of pulsating high gradient magnetic separation (PHGMS). In this study, an SLon-100 PHGMS separator was applied to concentrate an ultra-fine titanium tailing under a wide range of operating conditions. The experimental results indicated that a combination of high pulsating frequency, large pulsating stroke, and low feed velocity was favorable for the highly efficient recovery of ultra-fine ilmenite from the tailings. The TiO2 grade in the optimal concentrate was enhanced from 4.33% to 13.64%, at a recovery of 66.55% and an enrichment ratio of 3.15 through a one-stage PHGMS process. The size analysis of the optimal concentrate showed that the TiO2 recovery in -25+18 μm and -18+10 μm fractions exceeded 70%. To further understand this PHGMS performance, the optimal ultra-fine ilmenite and larger-size ilmenite concentration conditions were compared. This study provides a valuable reference in the PHGMS operation for recovering ultra-fine weakly magnetic minerals, including ilmenite.

10

Characterization of the effects of acetic acid on the recovery of valuable contents from flotation tailings of non-sulfide metals

Yoğurtcuoğlu Emine

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 1

art. no. 185168

EN

Non-sulfide lead flotation tailings draw attention in terms of their valuable contents. Dissolution studies have been carried out with strong inorganic acids, especially in ore form, but these acids have been unfavorable in removal in the context of metal recovery processes. Organic acids, on the other hand, are notable for their environmentally friendly properties and selective metal recovery opportunities. In this study, the effects of acetic acid on metal recovery from oxidized waste were investigated with different experimental parameters at a laboratory scale. Optimal conditions were determined depending on the increase in acetic acid concentration. At 0.75-1.0 M acid concentrations, 49-55% Pb and 49-54% Zn recovery efficiencies were obtained with grades of 7.0-7.2% and 19.5-19.7%, respectively. The recovery of Pb/Zn by the leaching process with acetic acid and the selective nonrecovery of iron were also observed through characterization studies. With the Rietveld XRD method, an increase in iron minerals such as goethite and a decrease in smithsonite-hydrozincite minerals were determined. These changes were seen as a decrease in the contents of these minerals in SEM/EDX analysis and as a decrease in smithsonite mineral bond structures in the FT-IR analysis. This study showed that acetic acid has many advantages in the utilization of zinc-lead-containing oxide flotation tailings, which have high economic value, such as selective metal recovery, easy biodegradability, environmental friendliness, and non-corrosiveness.

11

Characterization and concentration of U, Nb, Pb, Ag, and Fe from the Huayangchuan polymetallic ore

Cheng Hongwei, Lv Zihu, Wu Dongyin, Zhao Dengkui

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

|

Vol. 60, iss. 2

art. no. 188070

EN

The separation and recovery of valuable metals from the Huayangchuan uranium polymetallic ore was investigated based on mineralogical research and mineral processing experiments. The most promising valuable elements in the ore, according to mineralogical studies, are U, Nb, and Pb. 95.75% of U and 93.00% of Nb are found in betafite, 46.85% of Pb is present in galena, 52.01% of Pb occurs in cerussite, and associated Ag exists primarily in galena. The beneficiation process involving gravity concentration, magnetic separation, and flotation was determined based on the mineralogical characteristics of the ore. The U-Nb concentrate with U grade of 3578 ppm and recovery of 83.18 %, Nb2O5 grade of 4391 ppm and recovery of 74.55 % can be obtained, and five elements including U, Nb, Pb, Ag, and Fe are recovered. Compared with the previous beneficiation experimental process, the flowsheet is greatly simplified and the beneficiation recovery efficiency has been improved. The results of this investigation can help to address the gaps in the processing of low-grade uranium deposits with similar mineralogical properties.

12

A hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of copper metal and nickel hydroxide from the aqua regia leaching solutions of printed circuit boards

Nguyen Thi Nhan Hau, Wen Jiangxian, Lee Man Seung

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 4

art. no. 191551

EN

Leaching solutions of printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain noble and base metal ions. The precious metal ions present in the leaching solutions of PCBs could be separated by cementation with copper metal. After recovery of precious metal ions by cementation, the filtrate contains Cu(II) together with base metal ions like Al(III), Fe(III), Fe(II), Ni(II), Sn(II), and Zn(II). In this work, separation experiments were conducted to recover Cu(II) and Ni(II) from the filtrate. First, copper ions were completely separated from the filtrate by chemical reduction with hydrazine at the following conditions: a molar ratio of 8 for hydrazine to Cu(II), 20°C, 500 rpm, and 20 mins. By adding sodium oxalate to the solution after separation of Cu(II), most of the Ni(II) and 38% of the Zn(II) were co-precipitated at 20°C, 60 mins, 500 rpm, and a molar ratio of 20 for sodium oxalate to nickel. After dissolving the coprecipitates of Ni(II) and Zn(II) oxalates in a 0.5 M HCl solution, the Zn(II) was completely removed from the solution by a five-stage cross-current extraction with 2.5 M Cyanex 272. Nickel hydroxides were then recovered from the raffinate by precipitation with NaOH. The purity of the copper metal and nickel hydroxides was higher than 99%. A process was proposed to recover Au(III), Pd(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) from the leaching solutions of PCBs.

13

Double acting liberation of Ni and Co in the pre-treatment process to increase recovery of nickel from low-grade nickel laterite

Febriana Eni, Mulyadi Muhamad Irham, Mayangsari Wahyu, Irawan Januar, Setiawan Iwan, Maksum Ahmad, Firdiyono Florentinus, Oediyani Soesaptri, Prasetyo Agus Budi, Soedarsono Johny W.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

|

2024

|

Vol. 23, iss. 3

285--298

EN

This study highlights the effectiveness of employing double-acting liberation to release Ni and Co from the complex phases of the low-grade nickel laterite. It includes the addition of concentrated sulphuric acid and NaF as well as the heat treatment prior to roasting and leaching processes to improve the destruction of the complex phases contained. The finding describes that dehydration of iron sulfate and decomposition of the lizardite at a lower temperature, 270°C, were occurred in the pre-treatment process, followed by hematite formation in the roasting process. It subsequently accelerated Ni and Co extraction in the pregnant solution and omitted Fe as the water-insoluble hematite in the residue when the leaching process was employed. The optimum leaching percentages of nickel and cobalt are 71.3% and 98.8%, serially, and were obtained at a roasting temperature of 700°C for 30 minutes with the addition of 3 wt.% sodium fluoride. This research provides essential contributions to the optimization of decomposition process for complex phases of in the low-grade nickel laterite at a lower temperature and to upsurge leaching percentage of Ni and Co by strictly suppressing Fe dissolution.

14

Building on the Build. Unfinished Architecture and Confiscated Property as New Palinsesto for the Contemporary Architecture

Tavoletta Concetta

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 2, no. 2

art. no. 78

EN

The co-presence of multiple temporalities opens a narrative space that includes the biography of each object, the context of its reuse, the intentions of those who wanted it and its reception. The materiality of objects, with the traces they bear of their events, welds these aspects together more and better than the eloquence of a text or the impact of a museum exhibition». Over time, the designer has taken on the role of 'defuser' of bad practices that have changed the appearance of places through dynamics that have escaped the action of even the most attentive scholars of social and urban practices. The need emerged to ask we how to change course with respect to the multitude of anonymous, abandoned and unfinished spaces precisely because of the intrinsic potential of what has emerged as a residue, but which contains within itself all the potential of the repertoire. As George Simmel wrote in his essay dedicated to Auguste Rodin when speaking of what appears unfinished, «If there were some truth in the theory according to which the user must repeat the creative process within himself, this could not happen more energetically than when the imagination of spectator must complete what is unfinished, transferring into him the productive movement between the work as it appears and what should be its final effect». In fact, precisely in what is crystallized in time, the potential of the possible is present, the vision of a future that can come true in the eyes of the beholder. Pre- existence presents itself as Mary Shelley's Frankenstein where «you can give shape to dark and amorphous substances, but you cannot give birth to the substance itself». This research aims to analyse the methods of good practices of designing with pre-existence, useful tools for imagining a new and poetic way of "building on the built"

15

The valorization of flotation tailings in terms of the concept of the circular economy: characterization, environmental risk assessment, and waste utilization routes

Mikoda Bartosz, Potysz Anna, Siepak Marcin, Kmiecik Ewa

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

|

2024

|

Vol. 50, no. 4

401--420

EN

Flotation tailings originating from copper ore processing were evaluated in terms of chemical and mineralogical features, leaching, and resource potential. The results demonstrated that flotation tailings show varying degrees of the leachability of elements when exposed to different pH conditions (2–13); the Zn, Cu and Co leachabilities decrease as pH increases, whereas Mo, Ag and Sb revealed U-shaped leaching trend as a function of pH. Flotation tailings were found to be fairly reactive when exposed to water leaching and rainfall conditions. The environmental risk analysis demonstrated Zn to be the most susceptible element to liberation from the flotation tailings studied. Recovery tests demonstrated sulfuric acid to be slightly more efficient extracting agent as compared to citric acid. Hybrid approach to metal recovery was rather unsuitable for studied tailings due to lower extraction yield (not exceeding 20%) as compared to chemical treatment (not exceeding 40%).

16

A review on the effect of various rolling regimes (cryo, cold, warm, hot) and post‑annealing on high‑entropy alloys: microstructure evolution, deformation mechanisms, and mechanical properties

Tayyebi Moslem, DerakhshaniMolayousefi Mahdi

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 24, no. 1

art. no. e16, 2024

EN

Despite their complex composition, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have a simple structure and have been extensively researched for their ability to achieve unique properties through thermo-mechanical processing (TMP). This review studies the effects of different rolling regimes and post-annealing on single and multiphase HEAs, analyzing how TMP leads to microstructural changes and improved mechanical properties. The rolling changes the shape and utilizes different mechanisms determined by the rolling temperature to strengthen the raw materials, thus affecting the HEAs' properties. The microstructural evolution of HEAs during annealing is affected by various parameters such as annealing time, annealing temperature, and heating rate, which impact the strength–ductility combination of HEAs. According to the literature, cryogenic rolling (cryo-rolling), as opposed to cold rolling, provides greater strengthening. This is due to the faster microstructural evolution kinetics in cryo-rolling. Thus, cryo-rolling enhances the strengthening by activating deformation twinning at earlier stages through the intersection of twins and more shear banding, which is preferred to microbands for HEAs with low stacking fault energy (SFE). Rolling at high temperatures is the most suitable approach for HEAs with low workability. Warm and hot rolling enable microstructure evolution through deformation mechanisms, including grain growth, recovery, recrystallization, and phase transformation based on the process temperature. The ratio of recovery to recrystallization depends on temperaturę and SFE, with recovery dominating in alloys with high SFE and at lower rolling temperatures, while recrystallization is more prevalent for alloys with low SFE and at higher temperatures, leading to specific ductility–strength synergy.

17

Exploration and characterization of barite mineral from Azara-Nassarawa ore deposits from suitabiity in industrial applications

Nzeh Nnaemeka Stanislaus, Popoola Patricia Abimbola

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

|

2023

|

Vol. 59, iss. 2

art. no. 166104

EN

Primary concentrations of Azara barite deposit in Nassarawa state, Nigeria were conducted; employing simplified gravity concentration techniques. Particle size distribution, specific gravity, physicochemical and morphological analyses of the sample was conducted. These analyses were done in order to establish process efficacy and effectiveness of gravity concentration processes for recovery of barium from the ore deposit, as well as its suitability in various industrial applications, such as the oil and gas sectors. Thus, microstructural, chemical composition and certain physicochemical characteristics/properties of the mineral sample of Azara-Nassarawa barite were determined. XRD, XRF, SEM and EDS analyses were utilized in determining morphology as well as quantitative and qualitative chemical analyses of the sample. Barite sample with average particle size of -355+150μm was subjected to concentration, adopting jigging and tabling gravity separation as the concentration methods. Hitherto, based on quantitative and qualitative chemical analyses conducted, the sample was composed of about 36.2% BaO and 40.5% Ba, respectively; and also possessed an average specific gravity (SG) of about 3.85. Further, the qualitative analysis of the mineral products of jiggling and tabling indicated that jigging had a concentrate recovery of 130.98% Ba with SG increase of 11.2% while tabling had 89.81% Ba recovery with 8.6% SG increase. Assay and SG results confirm gravity concentration efficiency and thus, establish the barite from Azara-Nassarawa ore deposits suitable for certain industrial applications. This will serve as a tool and a step further towards mitigating existing problems or challenges in mineral concentration and processing of such deposits for industrial purposes.

18

Eti Copper Siirt flotation plant revision studies

Kara Yaşar, Tatar Ali, Hasyamanlar Ahmet

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

|

2023

|

Vol. 59, iss. 5

art. no. 166260

EN

Several optimization studies were made to increase metal recovery and reduce operational costs of the concentrator in Siirt Madenköy copper mine. In consequence of these studies, effects of the changes in operating parameters, cost and plant recovery will be examined at this article. In this article, we will discuss two important revision studies, which are (i) replacement of 500 mm hydrocyclone set used in ball mills with 350 mm of hydrocyclone set, (ii) replacing the present Ball Mill with a SAG mill. Correspondingly elimination of the crushing and screening plant, (iii) increasing the scavenger cells from 4 to 6 by the addition of 2 more cells. In consequence with this feeding the middling tail to the increased scavenger cells which was treated as a part of final tail before this change. We will examine the effect of all these changes to the final recovery, concentrate grade and final cost.

19

Exploring the characterization, liberation and flotation response of a Nigerian low-grade copper ore

Nheta Willie, Ola-Omole Omoyemi O.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

|

2023

|

Vol. 22, iss. 1

20--32

EN

This study explores the characterization, liberation and flotation response of low-grade copper ore from Anka area, Zamfara state Nigeria. The ore was crushed, milled and sieved in accordance with BS 410 standard. It was characterized with XRD, XRF, SEM-EDS and AAS. Froth flotation was carried out with varying %solids, pH, retention time and collector dosages using SEX and sodium oleate. Particle size distribution of the ore shows its economic liberation between -150 and +106 µm while 80% passing corresponds to 175.7 µm using the Gaudin Schuhmann equation. However, according to metallurgical balance calculation, 63 µm proved to have the highest metal content. Identified peaks of the copper ore by XRD revealed the presence of pyrite and chalcopyrite as the major mineral content at 47 and 36%, respectively, while other elements were present in traces. XRF shows Fe and Cu as the major elements and others in traces. Morphology, according to SEM-EDS, revealed that Fe is the major impurity while the presence of Cu and S confirmed chalcopyrite is present in the ore minerals. AAS shows an average of 25.87% Cu and 32% Fe in the ore. Optimum recoveries of copper were recorded at 30% solids, pH of 8, 30 minutes retention time. The highest recovery of 95.94% was recorded with SEX at 0.25 mol/dm3, while recoveries were lower with PAX, the highest recovery being 33% at 0.20 mol/dm3. 0.25 mol/dm3 of SEX recorded the highest yield and enrichment ratio of 40.38 and 2.38, respectively.

20

Increase in the Free Finely-Dispersed Gold Recovery in the Flotation Cycle

Toktar Gulmira, Bakrayeva Akbota, Abdyldayev Nurgali, Banks Graig E., Kubaizhanov Alibek

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 1

115--119

EN

This article presents the results of a comparative study for the increase in the free finely dispersed gold recovery from the gold-bearing ore produced in a deposit in Kazakhstan. The following minerals were identified in the sample under X-ray phase analysis: chalcopyrite and pyrite, as well as in a finely disseminated state in silicate minerals. Gold in the ore is present mainly (40.09%) in the free form under the results of phase analysis. Flotation tests of ore beneficiation were performed in FML-1 and FML-3 flotation machines with chamber volumes of 1.0 and 3.0 liters. A flotation combined concentrate with a gold content of 15.3 g/t was obtained (concentrate yield 9.45%), with gold recovery into concentrate 82.79% in the optimal mode: the grind of 90% in the class -0.071 mm; consumption of reagents: C7 foaming agent – 30 and 60 g/t, sodium butyl xanthate – 60 and 120 g/t; the time of the main flotation – 10 minutes, the control flotation – 7 minutes, at pH = 9. Flotation tailings contained 0.33 g/t of gold. The recovery showed a fairly high 84.42% (yield of the total concentrate 20.93%) with the gold content of 7.1 g/t with the use of a sulfidizing agent (Na2S) and additional dispersion of the pulp at pH = 9.0. A gold-bearing concentrate was obtained containing 4.0 g/t Au at a fineness of -0.05 mm and 6.8 g/t Au at a fineness of +0.05 mm. The beneficiation of the pulp with a fineness of +0.05 mm gave the recovery into the final concentrate equal to 89.94%.