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1

Proposal for anti-erosion management of arable land in the Borowianka catchment area

Kruk Edyta

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2025

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no. 3

51--69

EN

The paper calculates the magnitude of water erosion and proposes optimal scenarios for changes in agricultural space to reduce its degrading effects. Three assumptions were made based on the principles of good agricultural practices. The study used publicly available high-resolution thematic layers and analysed climatic conditions, physiographic conditions, land use structure, and agrotechnical work directions. The magnitude of water erosion was estimated based on the USLE equation. The individual parameters of the model were developed using methods of computerised spatial data analysis. The results showed that almost 75% of the catchment area was affected by water erosion (with an intensity ranging from 0,001 to 308,595 Mg · ha–1 · year–1). Changing the direction of agricultural practices (from a slope-wise to a cross-slope arrangement) reduced soil loss by 13,64 Mg. Replacing corn and potatoes with spring oats and winter wheat reduced water erosion by 3,55 Mg. Simultaneous changes in field practices and crop selection reduced soil erosion by 15,85 Mg, while replacing some arable land with grassland reduced soil loss by 24,71 Mg, reducing the amount of soil material washed out of the field by as much as 73% compared to the baseline. The study showed that already adopting one anti-erosion measure, alongside good agricultural practices and measures to protect soil from water erosion can significantly reduce soil loss.

PL

W artykule obliczono wielkość erozji wodnej i zaproponowano optymalne scenariusze zmian w przestrzeni rolniczej w celu zmniejszenia jej degradujących skutków. Przyjęto trzy założenia oparte na zasadach dobrych praktyk rolniczych. W badaniu wykorzystano publicznie dostępne warstwy tematyczne o wysokiej rozdzielczości i przeanalizowano warunki klimatyczne, warunki fizjograficzne, strukturę użytkowania gruntów oraz kierunki prac agrotechnicznych. Wielkość erozji wodnej oszacowano na podstawie równania USLE. Poszczególne parametry modelu opracowano z wykorzystaniem metod komputerowej analizy danych przestrzennych. Wyniki wykazały, że prawie 75% powierzchni zlewni było dotknięte erozją wodną (z intensywnością od 0,001 do 308,595 Mg · ha–1 · rok–1). Zmiana kierunku praktyk rolniczych (z układu wzdłuż stoku na układ poprzeczny) zmniejszyła straty gleby o 13,64 Mg. Zastąpienie kukurydzy i ziemniaków owsem jarym i pszenicą ozimą zmniejszyło erozję wodną o 3,55 Mg. Jednoczesne zmiany w praktykach polowych i doborze upraw zmniejszyły erozję gleby o 15,85 Mg, a zastąpienie części gruntów ornych użytkami zielonymi zmniejszyło straty gleby o 24,71 Mg, zmniejszając ilość materiału glebowego wypłukiwanego z pola aż o 73% w porównaniu z poziomem wyjściowym. Badanie wykazało, że wdrożenie jednego środka zapobiegającego erozji, w połączeniu z dobrymi praktykami rolniczymi i środkami ochrony gleby przed erozją wodną, może znacząco zmniejszyć straty gleby.

2

A study on landscape fabric of low-cost settlements in Sylhet, Bangladesh

Arefin Mohammad Shamsul, Roy Sowmik, Saha Kawshik, Haque Sk Nasrin

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2025

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no. 2

99--124

EN

Low-cost settlement (LCS), also known as slums, is a prevalent feature of many cities across the world. These densely populated areas often accommodate a significant portion of the urban population, providing affordable housing for low-income residents. However, LCS can face challenges related to inadequate infrastructure, sanitation, and overall environmental quality. This study delves into the fabric of existing LCS landscape development in Sylhet City, Bangladesh that include overall built environment, vegetation, sanitation, waste management, playground for children, space for socialization, security and other service facilities etc. Using a mixedmethods approach involving data collection, image analysis, physical surveys, and questionnaires, the research explores outdoor landscape patterns, dwelling types, spatial morphology, and environmental conditions within these settlements. The investigation also focuses on the pattern used on the land surface, layout of circulation spaces, connectivity, and the socio-economic conditions of the slums within the Sylhet City Corporation area. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to further studies on low-cost settlements at a regional or national level based on context, and to propose solutions to the challenges identified.

PL

Osiedla niskobudżetowe (LCS), znane również jako slumsy, są powszechnym zjawiskiem w wielu miastach na całym świecie. Te gęsto zaludnione obszary często zamieszkuje znaczna część ludności miejskiej, zapewniając przystępne cenowo mieszkania mieszkańcom o niskich dochodach. Jednak LCS mogą stawiać czoła wyzwaniom związanym z niedostateczną infrastrukturą, warunkami sanitarnymi i ogólną jakością środowiska. Niniejsze badanie zgłębia strukturę istniejącego rozwoju krajobrazu LCS w mieście Sylhet w Bangladeszu, obejmującą ogólną zabudowę, roślinność, warunki sanitarne, gospodarkę odpadami, miejsca do wypoczynku dla dzieci, przestrzeń do socjalizacji, bezpieczeństwo i inne udogodnienia itp. Wykorzystując podejście mieszane, obejmujące gromadzenie danych, analizę obrazów, badania terenowe i ankiety, badanie analizuje wzorce krajobrazu zewnętrznego, typy zabudowań, morfologię przestrzenną i warunki środowiskowe w tych osiedlach. Badania koncentrują się również na wzorcach występujących na powierzchni gruntu, układzie przestrzeni komunikacyjnych, łączności oraz warunkach społeczno-ekonomicznych slumsów na obszarze należącym do Sylhet City Corporation. Ostatecznie celem tych badań jest przyczynienie się do dalszych badań nad tanimi osiedlami na szczeblu regionalnym lub krajowym w oparciu o kontekst oraz zaproponowanie rozwiązań zidentyfikowanych problemów.

3

Spatio-temporal dynamics of land use and land cover in Selangor (2005–2020): insights from MODIS and Google Earth Engine for sustainable urban planning

Shamsudin Luqman Al-Hakim, Hua Ang Kean

Economics and Environment

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2025

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No. 3

art. no. 1203

EN

This study investigates the spatio-temporal changes in land use and land cover (LULC) in Selangor, Malaysia, from 2005 to 2020 using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data processed via the Google Earth Engine (GEE). As the most urbanised state in Malaysia, Selangor has undergone rapid transformation, with significant shifts from vegetation and agricultural land to built-up areas due to urbanisation, industrial growth, and infrastructure development. Employing MODIS land cover datasets for four reference years (2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020) and validated classification techniques, five primary land cover classes, built-up areas, vegetation, agricultural land, open spaces, and water bodies, were analysed. Results show that built-up areas increased consistently, rising from 18.9% in 2005 to 20.67% in 2020, while vegetative cover declined from 68.91% to 65.06% over the same period. Agricultural areas exhibited fluctuating trends, reflecting shifts in land-use policy and food production strategies. Open areas, defined as non-urban and non-agricultural cleared or vacant land (including construction sites, parks, and recreation grounds), expanded until 2015 but contracted by 2020, reflecting their transitional nature as lands earmarked for future development. Water bodies remained relatively unchanged. Accuracy assessments yielded over 80% overall classification accuracy, confirming the reliability of the analysis. This study highlights the effectiveness of cloud-based remote sensing for monitoring urban expansion and environmental change. The findings serve as vital geospatial evidence for policymakers and urban planners to devise data-driven, sustainable land management strategies. By integrating spatial analysis with high-resolution temporal monitoring, this research contributes to informed decision-making aligned with environmental preservation and urban resilience goals.

4

Integration of LIME with segmentation techniques for SVM classification in Sentinel-2 imagery

Yilmaz Elif Ozlem, Uzun Yakup Kaan, Berkan Emre, Kavzoglu Taskin

Advances in Geodesy and Geoinformation

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2025

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Vol. 74, no. 1

art. no. e61, 2025

EN

Recent advancements in remote sensing technology have facilitated the acquisition of images with higher spatial resolution. In response to this rapid technological evolution, the paradigm of OBIA has emerged as a key approach. An essential component of OBIA is image segmentation, where the careful selection of an appropriate segmentation algorithm and its parameters significantly influences the quality of the segmentation output. This study aims to conduct LULC analysis on Sentinel-2 imagery and compare the accuracy of the SVM classifier across different segmentation methods produced by MRS, SLIC, Mean Shift, and Quick Shift algorithms. The selected study area is located in the Marmara region of Turkey and characterized by seven major LULC classes. The segmentation was conducted though four algorithms, with 60 segment features being extracted for each output, considering spectral, textural, and geometric attributes separately. Following the classification process with SVM, overall accuracies of 96.14% for the MRS, 91.00% for the SLIC, 89.95% for the Mean Shift and 87.95% for the Quick Shift approach were estimated. These results underscore the superior performance of the MRS algorithm with significant level of improvement. This high level of accuracy holds significant potential for delivering more dependable and precise outcomes in planning and decision-making processes. Moreover, integrating XAI, specifically the LIME algorithm, enhances the transparency and comprehensibility of classification analysis within the OBIA framework. Features associated with the NIR and SWIR bands were found to have predominantly positive effects. This integration contributes to improved transparency, enabling more informed and reliable decision-making processes.

5

Global-scale explainable AI assessment for OBIA-based classification using Deep Learning and Machine Learning methods

Kavzoglu Taskin, Uzun Yakup Kaan, Berkan Emre, Yilmaz Elif Ozlem

Advances in Geodesy and Geoinformation

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2025

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Vol. 74, no. 1

art. no. e62, 2025

EN

Over the past decade, object-based image analysis (OBIA) has gained prominence as a widely adopted method for generating land use/land cover (LULC) maps. This study aims to evaluate the performance of various classification algorithms within the OBIA framework using SPOT-6 satellite imagery. The research methodology involved segmenting the images with the multi-resolution segmentation (MRS) algorithm, followed by the application of convolutional neural networks (CNN), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms for classification. The study was conducted in the Perpignan province, located in the Pyrénées-Orientales region of France. After the segmentation stage, CNN, RF, and SVM classifiers were employed to classify the image segments based on both spectral and spatial attributes. The accuracy of the resulting thematic maps was assessed using standard metrics, including overall accuracy (OA), the Kappa coefficient (KC), and the F��score (FS). Of the three classifiers, CNN achieved the highest overall accuracy at 91.28%, outperforming SVM, which attained an OA of 90.50%, and RF, which recorded an OA of 87.28%. Additionally, this study explored the integration of explainable artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, specifically the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) algorithm, to enhance the interpretability of the machine learning models. This approach fosters greater trust, accountability, and acceptance in decision-making processes. By leveraging SHAP values, the study provides deeper insights into the decision-making processes of the CNN, SVM, and RF classifiers, ultimately enhancing the transparency and comprehensibility of these models.

6

Land use and agricultural plans as a tool for comprehensive implementation of spatial planning regulations for rural areas - A case study of Różan commune in Poland

Bielska Anna, Załęski Przemysław, Mroczkowski Robert

Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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2024

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Vol. 118

109--126

EN

This paper emphasizes the importance of land use and agricultural plans in the spatial development of rural areas. The management of rural areas is one of the most important areas of action of the European Union. Planning and implementing a policy aimed at sustainable and multifunctional rural development is a major challenge for the Member States and their regions, as it involves numerous spatial changes. The Polish spatial planning policy lacks documents comprehensively regulating the management and shaping of rural areas, which is a factor that hinders their proper development. This necessitates the development of land use and agricultural plans which outline several solutions (land use and agricultural activities) to facilitate comprehensive management of rural areas. However, since there are no legal regulations in this area, they are not mandatory and therefore not widely adopted. This paper aims to set the objectives for a land use and agricultural plan for rural areas of the Różan commune, the implementation of which will aim at multifunctional and sustainable development of rural areas. The proposed indications will have a positive impact on the development of agriculture and non-agricultural functions, improvement of living and working conditions in the countryside, and protection of the natural environment in the commune. Due to the wide scope of spatial work included in the land use and agricultural plan, it is stated that this document can be used as an effective tool supporting comprehensive spatial planning in rural areas, significantly supporting the implementation of the provisions of local spatial development plans and other schemes. Comprehensive land consolidation is a special type of land use and agricultural activities, which brings multifaceted benefits.

7

Plant watering system – Internet of Yhings

Majid Mad Helmi Ab., Abadi Satria, Razali Ahmad Amirul S., Harnaningrum LN, Dewi Deshinta Arrova

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2024

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R. 100, nr 7

144--147

EN

There are various issues related to agricultural processes such as the lack of a systematic watering process according to plant needs and the inability to carry out continuous monitoring processes. If users fail to water plants regularly and sufficiently, soil fertility will be reduced and plant growth will be negatively affected. In this project, an IoT-based plant watering system is developed to water plants automatically and provide continuous monitoring over the internet to increase land fertility in the use of garden land in urban life. The developed system automatically waters plants based on sensor feedback (i.e., soil moisture) and actuator activation . It also provides several environmental parameters (i.e., air humidity and temperature) for monitoring purposes. Monitoring is carried out using cloud applications , web and mobile apps . The successful system assessment shows that it fulfills its functions as required and the usability study proves that the developed system is useful for agriculture according to user opinions.

PL

Z procesami rolniczymi wiążą się różne kwestie, takie jak brak systematycznego procesu nawadniania zgodnie z potrzebami roślin i brak możliwości prowadzenia procesów ciągłego monitorowania. Jeśli użytkownicy nie będą regularnie i dostatecznie podlewać roślin, żyzność gleby zostanie zmniejszona i będzie to miało negatywny wpływ na wzrost roślin. W ramach tego projektu opracowano system nawadniania roślin oparty na IoT, który umożliwia automatyczne podlewanie roślin i zapewnia ciągłe monitorowanie przez Internet w celu zwiększenia żyzności gleby podczas korzystania z terenów ogrodowych w życiu miejskim. Opracowany system automatycznie podlewa rośliny w oparciu o informację zwrotną z czujnika (tj. wilgotność gleby) i aktywację siłownika. Zapewnia także kilka parametrów środowiskowych (tj. wilgotność i temperaturę powietrza) do celów monitorowania. Monitoring odbywa się za pomocą aplikacji chmurowych, webowych i mobilnych. Pozytywna ocena systemu pokazuje, że spełnia on swoje funkcje zgodnie z wymaganiami, a badanie użyteczności potwierdza, że opracowany system jest przydatny w rolnictwie w opinii użytkowników.

8

Relationship Between Landscape Pattern and Human Disturbance from 1990 to 2018 in Mainland Portugal

Quinta-Nova Luis

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 1

691--700

EN

The land use/land cover pattern of landscapes as the main element of the landscape structure has an important role in landscape management, nature conservation, and preservation, considering its ability to provide valuable information about the spatial distribution and changes in land cover that occur on the Earth's surface. On the other hand, human activities have caused significant impacts on ecosystems, resulting in a loss of biodiversity, increased risks of erosion and soil degradation, and wildfires. In the last few decades, the growing trend of occurrence of negative effects on land use/land cover has not contributed to the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs), considering that the relationship between humankind and the environment is an extremely fragile equilibrium. In recent decades, large-scale land use and land cover (LULC) patterns have shown stability, but there have been significant dynamics observed specifically in forest areas and agricultural land. Among these changes, the conversion of maritime pine to eucalyptus stands out as the most relevant transition in terms of forest and agroforestry use classes. This conversion is a result of economic incentives available, which have contributed to the gain in forested areas. This study intends to verify how the alteration of the landscape configuration, represented by different metrics of configuration and diversity, is related to the intensity of human disturbance. The objectives of the study are: (1) to quantify the change in land use/land cover (LULC) patterns and the degree of human disturbance in Mainland Portugal between 1990 and 2018, and (2) to study the relationship between LULC configuration and the impact resulting from human disturbance under different levels of intensity, to understand how changing trends in landscape pattern can serve as indicators to estimate landscape changes resulting from human actions. The Hemeroby index (HI) was calculated to quantify the impacts on ecosystems resulting from disturbance caused by human actions. Based on the Hemeroby index value analysis for the period between 1990 and 2018, the level of naturalness increased in 58% of the country, mainly in the south and east of Portugal. The landscape pattern was quantified using a set of metrics, namely Mean Patch Size (MPS), Mean Shape Index (MSI), Total Edge (TE), Mean Patch Fractal Dimension (MPFD), and Mean Perimeter-Area Ratio (MPAR). To identify the existing statistical correlations between the geometric parameters of the landscape and the HIs values, the Spearman method was used. At the landscape level, the metrics TE and MSI have a strong negative correlation with HI. This suggests that landscapes with greater structural complexity are good indicators of low levels of hemeroby. At the class level, edge density (ED) and mean patch size (MPS) showed a significant correlation with the Hemeroby index for seminatural areas (all metrics), artificial surfaces and forests (TE, MSI, and MPS), agricultural areas (TE, MPS, and MPFD), and Bare Ground (TE, MSI, and MPFD).

9

GIS-Based Approach to Analyse the Relationship Between Land Units and Land Use in the Central Region of Portugal

Quinta-Nova Luis

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 1

621--628

EN

Land units refer to coherent spatial areas characterized by a degree of homogeneity concerning certain properties like geology, soils, and climate. The Land use mosaic corresponds to a circumstantial layer representing the landscape’s present state, depicting the present resource allocation factors. Nevertheless, the stable potential layer is related to the stable characteristics of each site and allows the identification of use constraints or potentials. In this study, we use a methodology based on the land unit concept to define a stable potential layer at a regional level. Therefore, land units were delimited for the Central region of Portugal, resulting from the combination of geomorphology, soil parent material, and bioclimatic influence. For each land unit representative sample areas were characterized in terms of their land use mosaic characteristics. For that purpose, selected landscape metrics were used to quantify the land use mosaic geometrical attributes: Shannon’s Diversity Index, Edge Density, Mean Patch Size, and Number of Patches. The existing land use types were also quantified. Finally, a cluster analysis was performed to define groups of samples representing the land units with similar land-use mosaic types. The landscape metrics that best explain the influence of the permanent structure of the territory on the circumstantial structure of use are Shannon's Diversity Index, Edge Density, and Number of Patches. The highest diversity land cover patterns are located in formations with a lithology rich to very rich in silica under Mesomediterranean dry to subhumid climate. The validation of the previously defined land units confirmed the reliability of the proposed methodology, with most of the land units strongly influencing the land use mosaic. The delimitation and characterization of homogeneous land units are useful for the definition of soil suitability and for the choice of the most appropriate uses and activities by the stakeholders.

10

Cover Management Soil Erosion Factor Using Multispectral Vegetation Indices: An Example of the River Sarayardere Watershed (Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria)

Nikolova Valentina, Stefanova Miloslava, Dimitrova Violeta

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 1

583--591

EN

Land cover/land use is one of the main factors influencing the development of soil erosion. It has been included in the calculation and modelling of erosion and sediment transport in many studies. In the current research NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and NDRE (normalized difference red edge index) are used for quantifying the cover management factor (C-factor). They are calculated on the base of Sentinel 2 multispectral images. Taking into account the vegetation phenology two time points were analyzed: end of May - June – active vegetation and September (beginning of October) – late vegetation. The changes in the values of the indices were considered for 2018, 2021 and 2022. The study area is the watershed of the river Sarayardere, located in the southern part of Bulgaria. This is a hilly to low-mountain area, prone to erosion due to rare vegetation, high slope gradients and a relatively long dry period followed by intensive rainfall. The calculated values of the C-factor are indicators for higher susceptibility to erosion in September than it is in June. The spatial distribution of the C-factor shows different patterns. The results, received on the base of the image of September 2021, show increasing the areas with C-factor < 0.1 and these ones > 0.5, in comparison with the results of September 2018. C-factor values calculated on the image of October 2022 indicate the highest susceptibility to erosion. Using NDRE instead NDVI results in slightly higher values of the C-factor. The advantage of the NDRE index is that it provides information on the content of chlorophyll in the vegetation during the end of the vegetation period and allows a more accurate assessment of the state of the separate plants, regarding the determination of diseased or damaged plants. In addition to the vegetation indices, an expert evaluation of the state of vegetation was done. The results of the current study show that the watershed of the river Sarayardere is in a relatively good condition regarding the development of erosion processes. The attention should be directed to the possible increase of erosion on deforested slopes and the availability of loose materials, in case of intense rainfall.

11

Approach to the Water Quality in a Catchment Framed in a Rural-Agroforestry Landscape Slightly Degraded by the Agro-Livestock Activity

Rodriquez-Blanco M. Luz, Taboada-Castro M. Teresa, Taboada-Castro M. Mercedes

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 1

545--550

EN

The headwater streams constitute landscapes with their own entity and are strongly influenced by their environment. They have a large impact on health and integrity, both for water quality and wildlife downstream. Studies on water quality from atlantics agroforestry catchments are scarce. Knowledge about water quality in agroforestry headwater catchments is important for assessing downstream effects and as a baseline for net impacts of land-use change. We analyzed physicochemical water variables of a headwater stream framed in a rural-agroforestry catchment with very little agricultural area, low livestock density and very little human population in NW Spain. Stream water samples were collected at the catchment outlet at approximately biweekly intervals over three years. All water samples were analyzed for the following quality parameters: pH, water temperature (T), electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), major cations (Ca, Mg, Na, K), anions (Cl, SO4), nutrients [total dissolved carbon (TDC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrites nitrogen (NO2-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), ammonium nitrogen, Kjeldahl nitrogen (KN), total nitrogen (TN), dissolved, particulate and total phosphorus (DP, PP, TP)], and suspended solids (SS). Discharge was also measured. The mean concentrations of major anions, cations and different forms of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were rather low compared to global “average” values. Overall, the mean values of the main physicochemical water quality indicators offers similar values to those found in other rural catchment in humid temperate climates with low agricultural activity and demography, although such concentrations could have been underestimated as they mostly correspond to regular sampling and therefore ignore the influence of rainfall-runoff events.

12

Land use changes analysis of Trakai Historical National Park in Lithuania

Visockiene Jurate Suziedelyte, Tumeliene Egle, Braziunas Rokas

Advances in Geodesy and Geoinformation

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2024

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Vol. 73, no. 1

art. no. e49, 2024

EN

Remote sensing technology and the Earth system data it can obtain can provide great support for the monitoring and management of protected areas. These data can provide the ecological indicators of a place. It is very important to understand the situation concerning the natural land elements of a pro-tected area and to stop unacceptable actions in time. This paper presents an analysis of the natural elements of the land use/land cover (LULC) in the landscapes of protected areas. Freely available Sentinel-2A (S2A) multispectral data were used to classify the LULC and monitor the situation of protected areas. The research object was Trakai Historical National Park, which is an authentic land-scape in Lithuania. First, the Sentinel-2A image was processed and classified using the random forest algorithm by the special Lithuanian remote monitoring data collection, processing, use and storage system of the Environmental Protection Agency Lithuania. Next, the LULC model was statistically analysed using Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) software. The authors recommend automating these processes. The results show that in the period from 2021–2022, the farmland areas (cultivated meadows, decay areas, winter cereals, intensive cultivated crops and natural meadows) in Trakai Historical National Park decreased by 9.2%. Meanwhile, the forest, water and wetland areas increased by 9.6%, which makes it possible to conclude that these changes are beneficial for the ecosystems in this area.

13

Wykorzystanie danych teledetekcyjnych do oceny zmian użytkowania gruntów

Doroż Arkadiusz, Taszakowski Jarosław, Rymarczyk Michał

Przegląd Geodezyjny

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2023

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R. 95, nr 8

32--35

PL

Wraz z postępem technicznym i technologicznym sprostanie wymaganiom dzisiejszych czasów skłoniły człowieka do wynajdowania nowych sposobów i metod pozyskiwania danych przestrzennych z wymaganą dokładnością. Do takich danych należy zaliczyć dane satelitarne. Stanowią one niezwykle cenne źródło informacji, wykorzystywane do wykonywania badań i analiz z zakresu obserwacji powierzchni Ziemi, zjawisk geofizycznych jak i meteorologicznych. Tematyka niniejszego artykułu skupia się na wykorzystaniu danych teledetekcyjnych, jako źródeł umożliwiających ocenę zmian sposobu użytkowania gruntów. W tym celu przedstawiono główne programy umożliwiające pozyskiwanie danych przestrzennych, tj. program Landsat i Copernicus. Nie sposób zapomnieć również o systemie ISOK (Informatycznym Systemie Ochrony Kraju). Jego znaczenie w sektorze społecznym i ekonomicznym pomaga wykrywać wczesne stadia zagrożeń i katastrof naturalnych. W odniesieniu do okresowości wykonywanych pomiarów w ramach wymienionych programów i systemów, jest to nieodłączny element przeprowadzanych badań obranych obszarów. Bowiem obserwacje zmian w czasie dają doskonałe rezultaty, ponieważ dynamika stref przyrodniczych jak i urbanistycznych jest niebagatelna.

EN

Along with technical and detailed progress, meeting the requirements of time prompted man to invent new ways and methods of spatial acquisition with the required participation. Whether such data must come from regional data. They are extremely valuable sources of information that are used to perform research and analyze the range of observations of the Earth's surface, geophysical and meteorological phenomena. The subject matter of the article focuses on the acquisition of remote sensing data as sources enabling the assessment of changes in land use after land consolidation works. For this purpose, the main programs for acquiring spatial data, i.e. Landsat and Copernicus, were used. It is also impossible to forget about the ISOK system (IT System for Country Protection). Its recognition in legal and economic proceedings helps to detect early stages and natural circumstances. In order to examine the period of taking measurements under specific tools and systems, it is an integral part of the research of the selected areas. Because I know that observations of changes over time give excellent results, because the dynamics of natural and urban zones is considerable.

14

Assessment of the impact of the Tomaszów Lubelski bypass on the spatial structure of rural areas

Piwko Monika, Leń Przemysław

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2023

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no. 1

35--44

EN

In recent years, the road network in Poland has undergone significant development, meeting the objective of creating a coherent network of roads to ensure the efficient functioning of passenger and freight transport. Linear investments, such as the construction of motorways, expressways or bypasses, are an important element that improves the safety and comfort of the life of residents, and has a significant impact on the economic and regional progress. In addition to the undoubted benefits of constructing a bypass, its possible negative impact on the surrounding agricultural and forest areas should be emphasised. Poor planning and construction of the bypass itself, without prior programming of survey and management works, can lead to disturbances in the spatial structure of neighbouring villages. This study attempts to analyse and evaluate the impact of the construction of the Tomaszów Lubelski bypass on the spatial structure of rural areas located in the eastern part of Tomaszów County (Lubelskie Voivodeship), which is a 9.58 km long section of the S17 Warsaw – Hrebenne expressway. The study undertook a detailed analysis of only those factors that adversely affect the spatial structure of rural areas. On the basis of research on the subject, factors affecting and significantly changing the spatial structure of rural areas were identified, which allowed to formulate final conclusions regarding the problem of realising linear investments in relation to shaping the space of rural areas.

PL

Na przestrzeni ostatnich lat sieć drogowa w Polsce uległa znaczącej rozbudowie, realizując zamierzenia stworzenia spójnej sieci dróg zapewniających efektywne funkcjonowanie transportu osobowego i towarowego. Realizacje inwestycji liniowych jakimi są między innymi budowy autostrad, dróg ekspresowych, czy obwodnic, stanowią istotny element podnoszący bezpieczeństwo oraz komfort życia mieszkańców, jak również mają znaczący wpływ na postęp gospodarczy i ekonomiczny regionu. Obok niewątpliwych korzyści budowy obwodnicy należy podkreślić, że może ona wywierać negatywny wpływ na otaczające tereny rolne i leśne. Niewłaściwe przeprowadzenie procesu planowania jak i samej budowy obwodnicy, bez wcześniejszego programowania prac geodezyjno-urządzeniowych, może prowadzić do zaburzeń w strukturze przestrzennej sąsiadujących miejscowości. W niniejszej pracy podjęto próbę analizy i oceny wpływu budowy obwodnicy miasta Tomaszowa Lubelskiego na strukturę przestrzenną terenów wiejskich, położona we wschodniej części powiatu tomaszowskiego (woj. lubelskie), stanowiąca odcinek drogi ekspresowej S17 Warszawa – Hrebenne o długości 9,58 km. W pracy podjęto szczegółową analizę wyłącznie tych czynników, które w niekorzystny sposób przekształcają przestrzeń obszarów wiejskich. Opierając się na badaniach wyodrębniono czynniki oddziaływujące oraz znacząco zmieniające strukturę przestrzenną terenów wiejskich. Na ich podstawie sformułowano ostateczne wnioski dotyczące problematyki budowy inwestycji linowych w odniesieniu do kształtowania przestrzeni obszarów wiejskich.

15

Changes in agricultural production in the Małopolskie voivodeship

Gołba Krzysztof, Dziedzic Jadwiga

Polish Technical Review

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2022

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No. 4

2--7

EN

Agriculture is one of the basic branches of the national economy, which is responsible for food production. With the rapid development of agricultural production technology, especially new techniques of animal husbandry and crop production, we are seeing changes in the amount of adverse substances entering the environment. Analysts pay great attention to biogenic compounds, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus, which infiltrate deep into the soil profile and cause surface runoff as a result of precipitation. This causes eutrophication of surface waters. In the recent decades there has been an increase in agricultural productivity. At the same time, the percentage of people employed in this sector of the economy and the economic value of products produced in agriculture are decreasing. On the basis of the data obtained from the Agency for Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture (in Polish: Agencja Restrukturyzacji i Modernizacji Rolnictwa, Kraków delegation) [1] and the data from the Statistics Poland (in Polish: Główny Urząd Statystyczny [2], the present study shows the trends of the changes in the agricultural sector in the Małopolskie Voivodeship in 2016-2021. Unfortunately, due to the lack or incompleteness of the data obtained, some parameters were considered over a two- or three-year period. The parameters such as livestock population, number of farms, crop area, yields and fertilization levels were analyzed. The aspect of employment in agriculture was also addressed as an element indicating the level of involvement of residents in agricultural activities, both crop and livestock production. The low rate of employment in the agricultural sector may indicate the degree of familiarity of the population with the basic processes of obtaining animal products and agricultural crops. The discussed Voivodeship is characterized by a high proportion of agricultural land – more than 60% of the area. There is a slight decline in cattle and pig populations. Sheep and goat populations are low and not very variable. Analyzing crop production, despite the declining area of total crops, there was a slight increase in the area of most crops in 2021, thanks in part to a reduction in the participation of unmarked crops compared to 2020. In addition, the analysis shows that despite the downward trend in the amount of mineral fertilizers used, yields have increased, which may confirm the development of production technologies and better management of nutrient resources contained in the soil of primary importance to plants.

PL

Rolnictwo jest jedną z podstawowych gałęzi gospodarki narodowej, które odpowiada za produkcję żywności. Dynamiczny rozwój technologii produkcji rolniczej, w tym szczególnie nowych technik chowu i hodowli zwierząt oraz produkcji roślinnej możemy obserwować zmiany w ilości niekorzystnych substancji wprowadzanych do środowiska. Analitycy dużą uwagę poświęcają związkom biogennym, głównie azotowi i fosforowi, które w wyniku opadów atmosferycznych infiltrują w głąb profilu glebowego oraz powodują spływ powierzchniowy. Powoduje to eutrofizację wód powierzchniowych. W ostatnich dziesięcioleciach obserwowany jest wzrost produktywności w rolnictwie. Jednocześnie zmniejsza się procentowy udział osób zatrudnionych w tym dziale gospodarki oraz wartość ekonomiczna produktów wytwarzanych w rolnictwie. Na podstawie danych uzyskanych z Agencji Restrukturyzacji i Modernizacji Rolnictwa (delegatura w Krakowie) [1] oraz danych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego [2], w niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiono trendy zmian w sektorze rolniczym w województwie małopolskim w latach od 2016-2021. Niestety, ze względu na brak lub niekompletność pozyskanych danych, część parametrów była rozpatrywana w okresie dwu- lub trzyletnim. Analizie poddano parametry takie jak pogłowie zwierząt gospodarskich, liczba gospodarstw rolnych, powierzchnia upraw, plonowanie oraz poziom nawożenia. Poruszono także aspekt zatrudnienia w rolnictwie jako element wskazujący na poziom zaangażowania mieszkańców w działalność rolniczą, zarówno produkcję roślinną, jak i zwierzęcą. Niski udział zatrudnienia w sektorze rolniczym może świadczyć o stopniu zaznajomienia społeczeństwa z podstawowymi procesami uzyskiwania produktów zwierzęcych oraz płodów rolnych. Województwo małopolskie charakteryzuje się wysokim udziałem użytków rolnych - ponad 60% jego powierzchni. Obserwuje się nieznaczne zmniejszenie pogłowia bydła oraz trzody chlewnej. Pogłowie owiec i kóz jest niskie i mało zmienne. Analizując produkcję roślinną, mimo zmniejszającej się powierzchni upraw ogółem, można obserwować niewielki wzrost powierzchnie większości z upraw w roku 2021, m.in. ze względu na zmniejszenie się udziału upraw nieoznaczonych względem roku 2020. Ponadto w analizie wykazano, że mimo spadkowej tendencji w ilości stosowanych nawozów mineralnych, plony wzrosły, co może potwierdzać rozwój technologii produkcji oraz lepsze gospodarowanie zasobami składników pokarmowych zawartych w glebie mających fundamentalne znaczenie dla roślin.

16

Analysis of the implementation of land consolidation and exchange in the villages of the Leżajsk district

Wójcik-Leń Justyna, Maciąg Klaudia, Maciąg Michał, Moskal Adrian, Moskal Kornelia, Leń Przemysław

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

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2022

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no. 1

7--24

EN

Rural areas in Poland have a diversified spatial structure. The spatial structure of rural areas is improved by the procedures of land consolidation and exchange, aimed at creating more favourable management conditions in agriculture and forestry by developing the area structure of agricultural holdings, forests and forest lands, as well as rational shaping of land layouts and adjusting real estate boundaries to a system of land reclamation devices, roads and terrain. The Leżajsk district covers an area of 58,372 ha, including 40 cadastral precincts. So far, land consolidation has been performed in 29 villages, covering 46 113 ha, which is 79.0% of the total area of the district. Land consolidation in the Leżajsk district was carried out at various periods due to the changing legal regulations. The paper aims to present a chronological analysis of the land consolidation works conducted in the villages of the Leżajsk district, located in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship in 1945–2013, along with anticipated and implemented land consolidation works in the years 2014–2020.

PL

Obszary wiejskie w Polsce charakteryzują się zróżnicowaną strukturą przestrzenną. Zabiegiem poprawiającym strukturę przestrzenną obszarów wiejskich są prace scalenia i wymiany gruntów, mających na celu tworzenie korzystniejszych warunków gospodarowania w rolnictwie i leśnictwie poprzez poprawę struktury obszarowej gospodarstw rolnych, lasów i gruntów leśnych, racjonalne ukształtowanie rozłogów gruntów, dostosowanie granic nieruchomości do systemu urządzeń melioracji wodnych, dróg oraz rzeźby terenu. Powiat leżajski zajmuje powierzchnię 58.372 ha, obejmując 40 obręby ewidencyjne. Dotychczas scalania gruntów zostały wykonane w 29 wsiach, których łączna powierzchnia wynosi 46 113 ha, co stanowi 79.0 % ogólnej powierzchni powiatu. Scalania gruntów na terenie powiatu leżajskiego dokonywane były w różnych okresach czasu na podstawie zmieniających się przepisów prawa. Celem artykułu jest chronologiczna analiza przeprowadzonych prac scalania gruntów we wsiach powiatu leżajskiego, położonego w województwie podkarpackim w latach 1945-2013 oraz prognozowane i realizowane prace scalania gruntów w latach 2014-2020 r.

17

Assessment of urbanization impact on urban heat island effect and rainfall for the Surat city

Sharma Arpit, Kale Ganesh D.

Acta Geophysica

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2022

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Vol. 70, no 1

243--264

EN

Population growth and urbanization lead to urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. Urbanization is occurring at a very high rate in the Surat city. Thus, the study of the urbanization impact on the UHI effect for the Surat city is performed in the present study through studying the impact of land use land cover on the land surface temperature of urban and sub-urban areas of the Surat city over the period May 1998 to May 2018. Also, these effects are compared with that of a nearby sub urban taluka Kamrej, which showed that temperature in urban areas is more than that of the sub-urban areas. Aforesaid facts clearly showing the existence of the UHI effect in the Surat city. As urbanization contributes to climate change, its effects on rainfall are studied by comparing rainfall trends of urban and sub-urban areas of the Surat city and nearby sub-urban area Kamrej. Trend analysis showed that trend magnitude values are higher for the urban areas than sub-urban areas, indicating that UHI effect increases rainfall in urban areas. Hotspot analysis is also performed for the Surat city corresponding to May 2018 to recognize hot spots and cold spots. As the Surat city is highly urbanized, thus, hotspots are more than cold spots.

18

Applying the Lessons Learned from the Economics Nobel Prize 2020 to Land Use Right Auction in Vietnam

Pham Ngoc Huong Quynk, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Mai

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2021

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no. 2

217--225

EN

This paper mainly relies on qualitative research methodology and secondary data. The paper examines the existing legal framework for land use right auction in Vietnam and its practical implementation, focusing on acquiring agricultural land for non-agricultural purposes. It shows the limitations of sharing information and the disadvantages in distributing and balancing the benefits among different stakeholders who participated in the land use right auction. Also, this paper analyses and propounds the key lessons learned from the 2020 Economics Nobel Prize in creating the information sharing and benefit-sharing mechanism among participants. The paper applies these lessons learned from the 2020 Economics Nobel Prize to create a foundation for policy change the legal regulations of land use right auction in Vietnam in order to bring benefits to households, investors, and the State.

19

Geospatial Applicationsin Land Use/Land Cover Change Detection for Sustainable Regional Development:The Case of Central Haryana, India

Kumar Surender, Singh Ripudaman

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 15, no. 3

81--98

EN

Timely and accurate detection of land use/land cover (LULC) change is important for the macro and micro level sustainable development of any region. For this purpose, geospatial techniques are the best tool for change analysis as they supply timely, cheaper, precise and up to date information. This paper examines the spatial temporal change trend in LULC in the case of Central Haryana. Landsat 2, 3, 5, 7 and 8 images for the years 1975–2020 for pre and post monsoon periods were analyzed for the study. Radiometric correction was performed to derive better information. ArcGIS 10.2 and ENVI 5.3 are used for thematic layout and thematic change preparation. An unsupervised classification using ERDAS IMAGINE 2015 has also been done to classify study area in eight classes. The year 1975 is considered as the base year for change detection analysis. Results showed an increasing trend for the land use classes of built up, water body, and agricultural land without waterlogging in the pre and post monsoon periods between 1975 and 2020. Remaining land use classes of agriculture with waterlogging, open waterlogged area, vegetation and fallow land/sand dunes decreased during the same period. Increased human activities have changed the LULC in the region and have had a great impact on its sustainable regional development.

20

The main conceptual provisions of the territorial development of the regional land use

Mamonov Kostiantyn, Kanivets Olena, Viatkin Kostiantyn, Voronkov Oleksii

Geodesy and Cartography

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2021

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Vol. 70, no. 2

art. no. e07

EN

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the basic conceptual provisions for determining the territorial development of regional land use. In accordance with the purpose, the following tasks have been solved: substantiation of theoretical provisions for determining the territorial development of regional land use; determination of features of territorial development of regional land use; formation of hypotheses on the influence of spatial, urban, investment and environmental factors. Peculiarities of territorial development of regional land use are determined. Legal support is proposed. The international practices for ensuring the territorial development of regional land use are summarized, the main directions of which are: the formation and development of land relations on a long-term basis, the determination of the target and functional purpose of lands, the constant registration of cadastral information with the formation of an ecological balance of the land use and considering the peculiarities of interaction between groups of stakeholders. The system of land administration, where its functions (land ownership, valuation, use, development of land) are comprehensively implemented and interact, in the territorial development of regional land use is of particular importance. The geographic information systems are widely used as a tool for the formation, processing and application of information on the territorial development of the regional land use in modern land administration systems. The mathematical modelling of the influence of factors on the territorial development of regional land use has been carried out.