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1

Age position and palaeoenvironment of the main palaeosols in loess profiles of south-eastern Poland in the ranges of the Scandinavian ice sheets

Dzierżek Jan, Lindner Leszek

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2026

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Vol. 76, no. 1

art. no. e71

EN

This article attempts to reconstruct the climatic and environmental conditions of the development of the palaeosols found in loess profiles in south-eastern Poland. A comprehensive profile was developed by the authors, based on an extensive analysis of literature data, which elucidated the mutual relationships between the occurrence of loess and intra-loess palaeosols in south-eastern Poland in relation to recent Pleistocene stratigraphy. In south-eastern Poland, five interglacial palaeosols have been identified: S5 – Zadębce (Ferdynandovian, MIS 15–13), S4 – Sokal (Mazovian, MIS 11), S3 – Załubińcze (Zbójnian, MIS 9), S2 – Tomaszów (Lublinian, MIS 7) and S1 – Nietulisko (Eemian–Early Vistulian, MIS 5e–a). Interglacial soils were developed in a warm and humid temperate climate. The two older soils, S5 and S4, are most commonly represented as brown soils, developed in mixed forest environments. Palaeosols S3, S2 and S1 are most frequently represented as grey forest soil types that have developed in coniferous or mixed forest environments. The Tomaszów (S2) and Nietulisko (S1) soil types are pedocomplexes, which are defined by the presence of a layer of chernozem superimposed on a lessive soil. These pedocomplexes developed in varying environmental conditions during the early glacial period, dominated by steppes. Initial tundra soils which formed during interstadial periods were also recorded within the loess levels. The palaeosols documented in south-eastern Poland correlate well with the corresponding sections of long loess-soil sequences in Ukraine and other regions of Europe. Thus, they provide important supplementary data for reconstructing the rhythm of climate change in regions outside the range of the Scandinavian ice sheets.

2

Pozycja stratygraficzna antropocenu w czwartorzędzie

Marks Leszek

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2025

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Vol. 73, nr 1

11--17

EN

The beginning and the evolution of the term ‘Anthropocene’ are presented. This term reflects a rising human impact on the natural environment and is widely recognized in the public. After several years of deliberations among the geologists, a final proposal of the Anthropocene Working Group was submitted to the Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) to establish a new chronostratigraphic unit ‘the Anthropocene’, representing a series/epoch status and a GSSP at AD 1952. This proposal was not accepted by the ICS and the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences. The Anthropocene cannot be a formal stratigraphic unit as it is spatially and temporally variable and its onset is not adequately represented by the isochronous boundary. On the other hand, the Anthropocene can be treated as a geological event, establishment of which does not need to pass through any formal procedure. Such approach means that we live still in the current interglacial of the Holocene Epoch. The Anthropocene as a concept will remain an invaluable descriptor of human-environment interactions and it will continue to be widely used not only by Earth and environmental scientists, but also by social scientists, politicians, economists and the public.

3

Junction area between the Western and Eastern Outer Carpathians (Ukraine) as the contact of two accretionary prisms : geological structure, sedimentary features and stratigraphy based on foraminifera

Hnylko Oleh, Hnylko Svitlana, Heneralova Larysa, Muravskaya Anna, Bohdanova Milena, Dvorzak Oleksiy, Navarivska Ksenia

Geological Quarterly

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2025

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Vol. 69, No. 3

art., no. 29

EN

At the junction area where the Outer Western Carpathian and Outer Eastern Carpathian accretionary prisms converged, the first was developed ahead of the moving Alсapa Terrane, and the second one ahead of the Tisza-Dacia Terrane. We have compiled a new geological map of the junction area, located in the Latorytsa and Pynya river basins, comprising the Burkut and Svydovets nappes of the Fore-Marmarosh (Fore-Tisza-Dacia) prism and the Dukla Nappe of the Fore-Alcapa prism. The sedimentary formations of these nappes, composed mainly of turbidites and similar deposits, contain foraminifera, which allow us to determine the age of the most of these formations that range from the mid-Cretaceous to the Eocene. Our mapping shows that the Burkut and Svydovets nappes of the Eastern Carpathians plunge to the west under the Dukla Nappe of the Western Carpathian. The thrust boundary between the nappes is deformed and forms gentle antiforms and synforms. In addition, strike-slip faults of sub-Carpathian (NW-SE) direction cut these structures. We mapped broken formations and tectonic mélanges along these faults. The thrusting of the Dukla Nappe of the Fore-Alcapa prism over both Burkut and Svydovets nappes of the Fore-Marmarosh prism was probably caused by the collision of the Alcapa Terrane (upper plate) and Tisza-Dacia Terrane (lower plate) in late Eocene to early Oligocene time. Subsequent movement along NW-SE strike-slip faults may have been caused by the lateral extrusion of the East Carpathian formations towards the Western Carpathians.

4

Middle–Late Jurassic pelagic microfacies and depositional evolution at the Alpine Tethys margin : The Niedzica-Podmajerz section, Pieniny Klippen Belt, Poland

Kasperek Kamila, Jach Renata, Reháková Daniela, Milaniak Paulina, Wierzbowski Hubert

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2025

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Vol. 95, No. 3

189--210

EN

Major geological and ecological transformations, linked to the progressive opening of the ocean basins, extensional tectonics, and changes in pelagic sedimentation occurred across the Tethys during the Bajocian–Tithonian interval. This study reconstructs supra-regional palaeoenvironmental changes, based on pelagic deposits from the Niedzica-Podmajerz section of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, representing the Alpine Tethyan domain. An integrated dataset, including carbon isotope stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, microfacies analysis, and CaCO3 content, provides insights into sedimentary evolution along a submarine slope. The succession reflects a long-term deepening trend, beginning with neritic crinoid-dominated deposition, followed by the accumulation of deeper-shelf sediments, rich in Bositra sp., juvenile ammonites, and gastropods, and continuing into basinal deposits, characterized by Globuligerina, radiolarian, and Saccocoma-filamentous and Globochaete-Saccocoma assemblages. This facies evolution parallels global phenomena, such as the transgression at the Middle–Late Jurassic transition, a carbonate production crisis, ocean acidification, climate changes and circulation changes, linked to the opening of the Atlantic-Tethys Seaway. Specific intervals of the studied section were assigned to the Oxfordian (Fibrata Zone), the Kimmeridgian (Parvula Acme, Moluccana, and Borzai zones), and the Lower Tithonian (Pulla Acme, Malmica, and Cieszynica zones), on the basis of calcareous dinoflagellate cyst analysis. These intervals correspond to key δ13C events: the Late Callovian–earliest Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian positive events and a minor negative shift near the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian boundary.

5

Mazovian Interglacial sites in the Sosnowica Depression and the Parczew-Kodeń Heights (Western Polesie, SE Poland), and their stratigraphic, palaeogeographic and palaeoenvironmental significance

Pochocka-Szwarc Katarzyna, Żarski Marcin, Hrynowiecka Anna, Górecki Artur, Pidek Irena Agnieszka, Szymanek Marcin, Stachowicz-Rybka Renata, Stachowicz Krzysztof, Skoczylas-Śniaz Sylwia

Geological Quarterly

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2024

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Vol. 68, No. 2

art. no. 18

EN

We describe the geological context of the Pleistocene strata in the Sosnowica Depression and the Parczew-Kodeń Heights, as well as the main geological processes taking place in that area during the Middle Pleistocene. The stratigraphy of the Pleistocene succession is based on the analysis of new sites with Mazovian Interglacial deposits (MIS 11c) with age determinations obtained from palaeobotanical and palaeofaunal proxies, at Zahajki, Wygnanka, and Sytyta in the Sosnowica Depression, and Podedwórze and Gęś 3 in the Parczew-Kodeń Heights. The interglacial deposits documented occur in the direct subsurface and are not overlain by glacial deposits, which indicates that the study area was not covered by the ice-sheet of the Middle Polish Glaciations (Saalian, MIS 6). They are overlain by Early Liviecian (Fuhne, MIS 11b) lacustrine and bog deposits, or upper Vistulian (MIS 2) clastic and bog deposits. Holocene strata lie above. Therefore, the glacial deposits building the Parczew-Kodeń Heights are considered to derive from the Sanian 2 (Elsterian, MIS 12) Glaciation and not from the Saalian (MIS 6) Glaciation as previously thought. Palaeolakes formed in the late part of the Sanian 2 (Elsterian, MIS 12) Glaciation and remained open during the Mazovian Interglacial (Holsteinian, MIS 11c), with some still existing until the Early Liviecian (Fuhne, MIS 11b) Glaciation. The palaeolakes described were part of an extensive palaeolakeland of the Mazovian Interglacial, stretching from the southern part of Podlasie to the northern part of Western Polesie. The last ice-sheet in Western Polesie represented the Sanian 2 Glaciation.

6

Integrated seismic stratigraphic and structural analysis of Southern main Ethiopian rift basin: implications for hydrocarbon potentials

Kebede Bisrat, Mammo Tilahun, Shawel Mebatseyon, Alemu Tefera

Acta Geophysica

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2024

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Vol. 72, no. 2

597--617

EN

In East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, Mesozoic and/or Tertiary rift basins are well developed. These rift basins have proven their importance to economic development of the region through major oil discoveries including the Jobi-Rii field in the Albertine basin, Uganda, the Ngamia field in Lokichar Basin, Kenya and the oil fields of Yemen. The Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) developed during the Oligocene-Miocene time as part of the East African Rift System and is commonly divided into the Northern, Central and Southern parts. The subsurface rift architecture of the MER remains poorly understood due to lack detailed geophysical studies. This study aims to investigate the subsurface stratigraphic and structural setup of the Southern MER by using 2D high-resolution seismic reflection surveys integrated with nearby well data. Analysis of 2D-seismic reflection data in the Southern MER reveals four horizons from which three horizons show good correlations in Northern Abaya and Gelana basins. The basement structure delineated the main basins in the study area: Northern Abaya, Southern Abaya, Chamo and Gelana sub-basins. The sub-basins showed a typical rift-basin development: pre-rift, syn-rift and post-rift sedimentation and the faulted basement is dominantly oriented NE-SW parallel to the regional structural trend of the area. The deepest basement is greater than 3600 m in Northern Abaya basin followed by Gelana Basin which reaches to 3100 m. Southern Abaya and Chamo basins have shallow basement depths less than 2250 m. Interpretation of the interval velocity integrated with the geology and nearby well data helped to identify the different stratigraphic units ranging from Jurassic to Quaternary time span in the area. Possible source rocks of Late Jurassic to Upper Cretaceous marine shales and fluvial-lacustrine sediments of Lower Miocene thickness 1200 m and 1800 m are identified in Northern Abaya Basin, respectively, where the thicknesses of those units are 900 m and 1000 m in Galena Basin. We also infer from seismic interpretation that the upper Miocene sand/sandstone inferred on both sub-basins can be considered as a reservoir, whereas distinctive fault closures against the basement with horst and grabens or tilted half grabens and anticlinal structures can smoothly provide the hydrocarbon trapping mechanism. Numerous faults mapped on seismic sections play a major role for migration of hydrocarbon from source to reservoir rocks. The interpreted NE-SW major faults located on the western side of most of the seismic sections reactivated during the East African rifting at Neogene period produced an appreciable throw which can also provide migration pathways for the hydrocarbon.

7

Maestro Michał Szulczewski

Łuczyński Piotr

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2024

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Vol. 74, no. 4

art. no. e24

8

Badania architektoniczne krypty w kościele św. Elżbiety we Wrocławiu

Hackemer Franciszek

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

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2023

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Nr 76

153--171

PL

Pod posadzką kościoła św. Elżbiety we Wrocławiu znajduje się pomieszczenie stanowiące zabezpieczony wykop archeologiczny. Powstało ono w końcu XX wieku w celu ekspozycji reliktów poprzedniego kościoła odkrytych w 1976 roku. Plany te nie zostały zrealizowane, a krypta nigdy nie pełniła funkcji ekspozycyjnej. Dla badań architektonicznych stanowi jednak kluczowy punkt kościoła. Położenie w jego centralnej części pozwalana dostęp do reliktów świątyni z XIII wieku oraz pozostałości po przebudowach kościoła w okresie średniowiecza i nowożytności – aż do końca XX wieku. Jako taka została w latach 2021–2022 zinwentaryzowana oraz przebadana metodą stratygraficzną. W efekcie powstało kompletne rozwarstwienie chronologiczne krypty. Wydzielono siedem faz budowlanych składających się na zapis całej historii kościoła. Umożliwiło to próbę rekonstrukcji dziejów kościoła późnoromańskiego oraz niektórych partii istniejącego.

EN

Underneath the floor of St. Elizabeth’s Church inWrocław is a room that is a secured archaeological excavation. It was created at the end of the twentieth century to display the relics of the former church discovered in1976. These plans were not implemented and the cryp twas never used as an exhibition space. For architectural research, however, it represents a key point in the church. Its location in its central part allows access to the relics of the thirteenth-century church, as well as there mains of the church’s alterations in the medieval and early modern periods—up to the end of the twentieth century. As such, it was inventoried in 2021–2022 and surveyed using the stratigraphic method. The result was a complete chronological stratification of the crypt. Seven construction phases were separated, making up the record of the entire history of the church. This enabled an attempt to reconstruct the history of the late Romanesque church and some parts of the existing one.

9

Revised holostratigraphy of the Tithonian-Berriasian transition at Tré Maroua (Le Saix, Hautes-Alpes, SE France): study of a rejected Berriasian GSSP candidate

Granier Bruno R.C., Benzaggagh Mohamed, Ferry Serge

Volumina Jurassica

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2023

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Vol. 21

1--18

EN

The study of the Tithonian and lower Berriasian succession of Le Saix (Hautes-Alpes, France) has made it possible to better characterize the lithological succession at a former Berriasian GSSP candidate, its set of microfacies, the stratigraphic ranges of the main groups of marine plankton and therefore the calpionellid and saccocomid biozonations. On the lithological level, the Tithonian strata are characterized by thick-bedded breccias representing debris flows and related calciturbidites, whereas the Berriasian strata are typically white limestones. The lower part of the Berriasian is comprised of scattered intercalations of thin-bedded breccias and calciturbitides (including cryptic mud calciturbidites). In thin sections, the white limestones display mud- to wackestone textures and their allochems are mostly tiny bioclasts (e.g., radiolarians, calpionellids, saccocomids). Calciturbidites have wacke- to grainstone textures and their allochems are mostly pseudointraclasts and extraclasts, comprising various bioclasts and some ooids. Mud turbidites are made of micrograin-stones some yielding almost exclusively well-sorted calpionellids, which were previously erroneously interpreted as the signature of “explosions” or “blooms” of Calpionella alpina. Breccias are mostly lithoclastic floatstones with a matrix similar to that of the calciturbid- ites. Their lithoclasts are either extraclasts sensu stricto, i.e., material derived from updip shallow-water areas, or pseudointraclasts representing reworked subautochthonous material, i.e., mud- and wackestone lithoclasts with radiolarians, saccocomids and/or calpionellids. Radiolarians are common over the whole studied interval. Saccocomids are part of the dominating biota reported from the lower and lower upper Tithonian interval whereas calpionellids replace them in the uppermost Tithonian to lower Berriasian interval. Minor plank- tonic groups comprise calcareous dinoflagellates and Globochaete alpina; Iranopsis nov. group is also present. Intervals with saccocomid sections characteristic of zones 4-5 and zone 6 are respectively ascribed here to the lower Tithonian (4-5) and the lower upper Tithonian (6). The biozonation of the calpionellid group sensu lato allows identification of i) the Boneti Subzone of the chitinoidellids, ii) the Cras- sicollaria Zone, more specifically its Tintinnopsella-Intermedia (A1), Intermedia-Alpina (A2) and Brevis-Massutiniana (A3) subzones, and iii) the Alpina Zone, with its Alpina-Parvula (B1) and its Alpina-Remaniella (B2) subzones. On the basis of biostratigraphical and sedimentological data, most zonal boundaries prove to be hiatal, located at the erosional base of breccia or turbidite layers whereas the Tithonian/Berriasian stage boundary appears to be located at a strike-slip fault plane in the Tré Maroua section.

10

Stratigraphy of the Jajarkot nappe: finding the rocks of the Tethys province

Lamsal Sunil, Paudyal Kabi Raj

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

41--41

EN

There are several thrust sheets in the Lesser Himalayan region of Nepal. The Jajarkot nappe is one of them. It is located immediately west of the Kahun Klippe and east of the Karnali Nappe. There is no unified stratigraphy established for this thrust sheet. In the present research, an attempt was made to establish the stratigraphy of the Jajarkot nappe to fulfill the research gap. Previously described by Fuchs & Frank (1970) and Sharma (1980), the Jajarkot nappe in western Nepal have two distinctive crystalline lithological units: the Chaurjhari Formation and Thabang Formation. The previous unit consists of garnet-grade schist, and quartzites, with intrusions of basic rocks and granites, while the later unit consists of grey to brown crystalline limestones with biotite-quartz-schists. An unconformity is observed above the Thabang Formation. The younger geological unit above the unconformity is mapped as the Jaljala Formation, which is composed of finegrained calcareous sandstone and calcareous siltstone with minor proportions of limestones and grey-green slates. At present work, a preliminary geological study was carried out to work on the stratigraphy of the Jajarkot nappe in the Jaljala areas at 1:25,000 scales. Fossils of crinoids are found in the rock unit of the Jaljala Formation. These fossils are considered the index fossils of the Silurian. In this case, the Jaljala Formation would be equivalent to the rocks of the Tethyan affinity, and further study is under progress. The concept that the thrust sheets are moved from north to south in the Himalayas will be evidenced by these findings. An attempt is made to correlate the presently found fossils with the crinoids of the Phulchauki Group of the Kathmandu nappe and with the root zone of the Tethys succession.

11

Sequence stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous–Eocene Belqa Group of Jordan (southern Tethys margin)

Kalifi Amir, Ardila-Sanchez Maria, Messaoud Jihede Hay, Laila Wesam Abu, Buchem Frans van, Ibrahim Khalil, Powell John

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

32--32

EN

The Belqa Group of Jordan (Upper Cretaceous–Eocene) contains a remarkable succession of sedimentary lithofacies, including chalk, sandstone, chert, phosphorite, oyster mounds and organic-rich marls deposited along the passive southern margin of the Neo-Tethys Ocean. The Belqa Group is now outcropping in spectacular wadis where they can be studied in detail. The exceptional outcrops exposures provide unique opportunities for studying three-dimensional spatial facies variations. However, this 3D facies distribution requires robust time control and the combination of modern sequence stratigraphic concepts and high-resolution dating methods. We report the establishment of a regional sequence stratigraphic model that provides the temporal framework for further detailed sedimentological, palaeontological and geochemical studies. Preliminary results show a stratigraphic organization in four major depositional sequences (3rd order), which are broadly in agreement with the lithostratigraphic formations. The age dating is based on new nano-fossil analyses and C/O and Sr isotope stratigraphy. A subdivision into higher-frequency sequences (4th/5th order) significatively improves the resolution of the stratigraphic framework and our understanding of spatio-temporal distribution of the sedimentary facies. The four sequences are: 1) The B1 sequence (Upper Coniacian-Santonian), characterized by a transgressive phase of chalk-rich sedimentation (coccolithophore-dominated) and a regressive phase of a prograding siliciclastics with a distal transition to the first phosphorite-chert facies. 2) The B2 sequence (Lower Campanian) also starts with a transgressive chalk dominated facies and subsequently develops into a chert-dominated marl facies (radiolarian-dominated). The chert is locally associated with thin phosphates and coquinas, as well as organic-matter rich facies in proximal marine settings. 3) The B3 sequence (Upper Campanian) is also characterized by a transgressive chalk dominated facies. The regressive phase is constituted by dm- to m-thick phosphorite beds that were deposited coevally with giant oyster banks (decameter scale). 4) The B4 sequence (Maastrichtian-Paleocene) represents a dramatic facies change to organic-rich pelagic marls, and can probably be further subdivided. This sedimentary succession highlights both gradual and rapid changes in biogenic productivity and geochemistry. These changes are punctuated and partly driven by significant relative sea-level changes, and likely also larger scale palaeoceanographical processes that are the focus of future work.

12

Stratigraphy and geological structure of the Magura Nappe in the south-western part of the Gorce Mountains, Outer Carpathians, Poland

Szczęch Mateusz, Waśkowska Anna

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2023

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Vol. 93, No. 2

103--136

EN

The south-western part of the Gorce Mts (Outer Carpathians) is composed of flysch deposits of the Krynica and Bystrica subunits of the Magura Nappe. The Krynica Subunit includes the Late Cretaceous–Paleocene Ropianka Fm, the Early Eocene Beloveža Fm, the Early Eocene–Oligocene Magura Fm and the Oligocene–Early Miocene Malcov Fm, while the Bystrica Subunit includes the Middle Eocene–?Oligocene Magura Fm, represented mainly by the thick-bedded Magura Sandstone. Thin- and medium-bedded sandstone-shale turbidites predominate in the other formations. The lithostratigraphic units are dated on the basis of foraminifers. The studied deposits accumulated in the southern part of the Magura Basin. Their detrital material was derived from a ridge, bounding the basin in the south. In the study area, the Krynica Subunit overthrusts the Bystrica Subunit. The studied deposits are folded, thrust and cut by numerous faults. The Turbacz Thrust Sheet and the newly identified Kudłoń Thrust Sheet were distinguished in the Krynica Subunit. Faults of different lengths and throws are transverse or oblique. Some of them form complex dislocation zones with lengths of up to several km. In general, the high-resolution digital elevation model DEM contributed significantly to progress in the geological and geomorphological research.

13

Stratigraphically significant, sporadic Early Cretaceous ammonites in Butkov Quarry (Central Western Carpathians, Slovakia)

Vašíček Zdeněk

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2023

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Vol. 73, no. 4

587–-612

EN

Butkov Quarry provides the best exposed stratigraphic sequence of marly limestones with Early Cretaceous ammonites in the Manín Nappe of the Central Western Carpathians. The presented paper deals with the sporadically occurring zonal ammonites, or ammonites of guiding character, from the Lower Valanginian to Upper Hauterivian. Sixteen species are taxonomically elaborated here in detail. More attention is given to the basic taxonomy of the Subfamily Crioceratitinae Gill, 1871. The species described here, like most of the previously published species from Butkov Quarry, are representatives of the Mediterranean bioprovince and are close to the ammonite association from the Vocontian Basin.

14

Pre-LGM loess deposits in caves of Polish Jura – occurrence and stratigraphic importance

Krajcarz Maciej T.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2023

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Vol. 73, no. 3

433–-452

EN

Loess is an important component of cave deposits. Loess and loess-like strata in caves and rock shelters may serve as stratigraphic correlative units and paleoclimate indicators. For the Polish Jura (southern Poland), one of the key regions of cave deposits studies in Europe, the published information concerning the stratigraphic importance of loess is limited to the sequences from around the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In this paper, a review of the archival data about loess deposits situated below the LGM strata in caves and rock shelters of the Polish Jura is presented. The paper discusses the occurrence, lithology, stratigraphy, chronology and paleo-ecology of the pre-LGM cave loess. The most important sites of the pre-LGM cave loess in the region include: Biśnik Cave, Nietoperzowa Cave, Mamutowa Cave, and Ciemna Cave (only the outer zones). The loess strata in these sites correlate with cold Marine Isotope Stages (MIS): mid-3, 4, 5b–d, 6, and possibly 10. They represent all the main facies of cave loess: typical eolian loess, colluviated loess-like deposits, loess with bedrock debris, and loams of complex grain-size composition but with the predominance of a loess component. Stratigraphic correlations with loess-paleosol sequences are proposed.

15

The use of 2D vector studies as an architectural research stage in the era of digital spatial models

Łużyniecka Ewa

Architectus

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2022

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Nr 3 (71)

79--86

EN

The article tried to prove that in architectural research we will use two-dimensional linear drawings for some time. The considerations were based on materials from research conducted in 2017–2022. Most of them are studies made under the author’s direction by a team consisting of doctoral students and students of the Faculty of Architecture of the Wrocław University of Science and Technology. The summary states that in scientific research the basis of the message should be communicativeness and understandable publication of intermediate stages of research. In this case, avery good form of presenting indirect analyses is a two-dimensional recordingof stratigraphy. To facilitate this, the term “architectural stratigraphic unit” was introduced. Such a unit includes all architectural elements – both the building material and other parts of the building. The basic criterion for determining one architectural unit is the simultaneity of the formation of components.

PL

W artykule starano się udowodnić, że w badaniach architektonicznych jeszcze przez pewien czas będziemy wykorzystywać dwuwymiarowe rysunki linearne. Podstawą rozważań były materiały z badań prowadzonych w latach 2017–2022. Większość z nich to opracowania wykonane pod kierunkiem autorki przez zespół złożony z doktorantów i studentów Wydziału Architektury Politechniki Wrocławskiej. W podsumowaniu stwierdzono, że w badaniach naukowych podstawą przekazu powinna być komunikatywność i zrozumiałe publikowanie pośrednich etapów badań. W tym przypadku bardzo dobrą formą zaprezentowania analiz pośrednich jest dwuwymiarowa rejestracja stratygrafii. Aby to ułatwić, wprowadzono pojęcie „architektoniczna jednostka stratygraficzna”. W skład takiej jednostki wchodzą wszystkie elementy architektoniczne – zarówno budulec, jak i inne części budowli. Podstawowym kryterium określania jednej jednostki architektonicznej jest równoczesność powstawania składowych.

16

The pre-Taghanic (Givetian, Middle Devonian) ecosystems of Miłoszów (Holy Cross Mts, Poland)

Halamski Adam T., Baliński Andrzej, Racki Grzegorz, Amler Michael R. W., Basse Martin, Denayer Julien, Dubicka Zofia, Filipiak Paweł, Kondas Marcelina, Krawczyński Wojciech, Mieszkowski Radosław, Narkiewicz Katarzyna, Olempska Ewa, Wrzołek Tomasz, Wyse-Jacson Patrick N., Zapalski Mikołaj K., Zatoń Michał, Kozłowski Wojciech

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2022

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Vol. 92, No. 4

323--379

EN

The middle and upper parts of the Skały Fm, Early to Middle Givetian in age, were investigated in four sections at Miłoszów Wood in the Łysogóry Region (northern region of the Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland). The dating is based on conodonts (Polygnathus timorensis Zone to the later part of the Polygnathus varcus/Polygnathus rhenanus Zone; early Polygnathus ansatus Zone cannot be excluded) and spores (Ex1–2 subzones) and, coupled with cartographic analysis and geophysical investigation, allows correlation within the strongly faulted succession. Significant lateral facies variations within the carbonate ramp depositional system in comparison with the better studied Grzegorzowice–Skały section, about 3 km distant, are documented, thanks to conodont-based correlation of both successions. Foraminifers, fungi, sponges, rugose and tabulate corals, medusozoans, microconchids and cornulitids, polychaetes (scolecodonts), molluscs (bivalves, rostroconchs, and gastropods), arthropods (trilobites and ostracods), bryozoans, hederelloids, ascodictyids, brachiopods, echinoderms (mostly crinoids, rare echinoids, holuthurians, and ophiocistoids), conodonts, fish, plants (prasinophytes, chlorophycophytes, and land plant spores), and acritarchs are present. Brachiopods are the most diverse phylum present (68 species), other richly represented groups are bryozoans and echinoderms; in contrast, cephalopods and trilobites are low in diversity and abundance. The muddy, middle to outer ramp biota (200 marine taxa, including 170 species of marine animals, 22 photoautotrophs, 6 forams) represents a mixture of allochthonous shallower-water communities (upper BA3), including storm- and possibly tsunami-affected coral mounds, and autochthonous deep-water soft-bottom brachiopod (e.g., Bifida–Echinocoelia) communities (BA 4–5). The richness and diversity of the Miłoszów biota is relatively high, comparable with other approximately coeval pre-Taghanic ecosystems during the Devonian climatic deterioration (cooling). Preliminary data indicate that in the Holy Cross Mountains, no large-scale replacement of brachiopod (and probably many other benthic ones, like crinoids) communities took place between the Early–Middle Givetian and the Early Frasnian, in contrast to the demise of the Hamilton/Upper Tully fauna in the Appalachian Basin. Such a similarity of pre- and post-Taghanic faunas does not exclude the occurrence of environmental perturbations and transient community turnovers, caused by immigrations during the Taghanic Biocrisis, but evidences the successful recovery of the indigenous biota.

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The stratigraphy of Zechstein strata in the East European Craton of Poland : an overview

Peryt Tadeusz Marek, Skowroński Leszek

Geological Quarterly

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2021

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Vol. 65, No. 4

art. no. 48

EN

The sedimentary and stratigraphic patterns established for Zechstein of the western part of the Peribaltic Syneclise (and in particular the eastern Łeba Elevation) were applied to other parts of the East European Craton (EEC) in Poland: the eastern Peribaltic Syneclise and the Podlasie region. A very large number of mostly fully-cored borehole sections in the Puck Bay region certainly predestines the eastern Łeba Elevation area to use it as a model. The most part of the EEC, except of its part adjacent to the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone, during the Zechstein deposition represents the marginal parts of the basin. The fauna occurring in the Zechstein carbonate deposits of the EEC makes it possible to distinguish between the Zechstein Limestone and the younger carbonate strata, but certainly not between the Main Dolomite and the Platy Dolomite and hence the facies models for the Zechstein that have been previously developed in the western part of the Peribaltic Syneclise augmented by sequence stratigraphic approach seem to be the best tool to apply in other peripheral areas in the EEC area. The Zechstein sequence in the western part of the Peribaltic Syneclise consists, in general terms, of three parts: (1) carbonate platform of the Zechstein Limestone (occurring only in the north-westernmost corner of the study area and passing into basin facies dominant in the most part of the area); (2) the PZ1 evaporite platform system composed of sulphate platforms and adjacent basin system and constituting the major part of the Zechstein sequence; and (3) the Upper Anhydrite-PZ3 cover. There is a consensus, as far as the western part of the Peribaltic Syneclise is concerned, that the Platy Dolomite platform is wider than the Main Dolomite platform. In the easternmost part of the Peribaltic Syneclise, the stratigraphical interpretations are diverse. We have included the anhydrite overlying the Zechstein Limestone into the Upper Anhydrite, and concluded that the overlying interbedded mudstone and anhydrite also belong to the Upper Anhydrite. When above the Upper Anhydrite one carbonate unit occurs, it is assigned either to the Main Dolomite and Platy Dolomite, or to the Platy Dolomite. The same conclusion is proposed for the marginal parts of the Podlasie Bay. The deposition of Zechstein Limestone resulted in the origin of carbonate platforms along the basin margins which changed an inherited topographic setting. The Lower Anhydrite deposits are lowstand systems tracts (LST) deposits, lacking in more marginal parts of the western and eastern Peribaltic Syneclise and in the major part of the Podlasie Bay. The accommodation space existed and/or created during the Lower Anhydrite and the Oldest Halite deposition in the Baltic and Podlasie bays was filled and at the onset of the Upper Anhydrite deposition, a roughly planar surface existed except in the area ad jacent to the main Polish basin. The Upper Anhydrite deposits are transgressive systems tracts deposits and then highstand systems tracts deposits and they encroached the Zechstein Limestone platforms. The Upper Anhydrite deposition was terminated by sea level fall, and the Upper Anhydrite deposits in the marginal areas became subject to karstification. The Main Dolomite transgression took place in several phases but its maximum limit did not reach the Upper Anhydrite limit. The deposition of the PZ2 chlorides (LST deposits) resulted in the filling of the accommodation space that was inherited after the deposition of the Main Dolomite and the Basal Anhydrite. Subsequently, the area became exposed, and marine deposits (Grey Pelite and Platy Dolomite) related to the last major transgression during the life of the Zechstein basin that resulted in a flooding of the exposed surface of older Zechstein deposits, including the area that was emergent during deposition of the PZ2 cycle. Microbial carbonates, being stromatolites and thrombolites, are a common feature of all Zechstein carbonate units but in particular this is the case of the Platy Dolomite. There are no direct premises allowing for convincing settlement doubts regarding the stratigraphical position of the upper carbonate unit in many cases, but several lines of evidence suggest that, as in the entire Zechstein basin, the Main Dolomite considerably shifted basinward, and the Platy Dolomite - landward, although it is difficult to ascertain whether the original Platy Dolomite extent was similar to or greater than the limit of the Zechstein Limestone as elsewhere in the Zechstein Basin.

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New evidence for the rank of the Wartanian cold period (Pleistocene, MIS 6 ) : a case study from E Poland

Terpiłowski Sławomir, Zieliński Tomasz, Mroczek Przemysław, Zieliński Paweł, Czubla Piotr, Fedorowicz Stanisław

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2021

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Vol. 91, No. 4

327--345

EN

In the stratigraphic division of the Saalian (Middle Pleistocene) in Europe, the Wartanian cold period has the rank of a stadial of the Odranian Glaciation, correlated with MIS 6. The authors demonstrate the higher rank of this cold period, on the basis of an analysis of the sedimentary succession in eastern Poland, at an exposure of the terminal moraine of the Wartanian ice sheet. At the Wólka Zagórna site, three stratigraphic units were distinguished: A (lower glacigenic deposits – glaciofluvial deposits and subglacial till), A/B (fossil soil of lessivé type), B and C (a periglacial horizon with deflation pavement, involutions, frost-wedge structures and upper glaciofluvial deposits and flow till, with ice-wedge casts). Two distinct periods of climatic cooling, associated with the youngest Saalian ice sheets, were recorded in this succession in E Poland: Odranian (unit A, an ice-sheet transgression marked by the deposition of glaciofluvial deposits dated as 365–226 ka, ending with the deposition of subglacial till), and Wartanian (units B and C, an ice sheet transgression marked by development of a periglacial zone, dated as 180–126 ka, and then deposition of glacigenic sediments at the front of the ice sheet and formation of a marginal moraine). Each of these periods of ice-sheet transgression occurred at a different time (in the MIS 8 and MIS 6 positions) and were separated by a warm period. It is documented by unit A/B – a fossil soil with a very well developed Bt horizon – which attests to its formation in an illuviation process beneath a complex of mixed forests during an interstadial warming that occurred in MIS 7. From this palaeoclimatic reconstruction, it is inferred that the Wartanian cold period should be viewed as a separate glaciation in MIS 6 and the Odranian period should be assigned to MIS 8 in the stratigraphic schema of the Quaternary.

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On imperfectly known Hauterivian representatives of the families Holcodiscidae Spath, 1923 and Barremitidae Breskovski, 1977 in Butkov Quarry (Central Western Carpathians, Slovakia)

Vašíček Zdeněk, Klein Jaap

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2021

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Vol. 71, no. 4

433--451

EN

In Butkov Quarry, ammonites of the families Holcodiscidae Spath, 1923 and Barremitidae Breskovski, 1977 occur in the pelagic Lower Cretaceous pelagic deposits of the Manín Unit. This contribution discusses the taxonomy of both families and presents their distribution in the layered sequences of the quarry. The genus Spitidiscus Kilian, 1910 classified as a member of the Superfamily Perisphinctoidea Steinmann in Steinmann and Döderlein, 1890 is an important representative of the Holcodiscidae from a stratigraphic point of view. In areas where the zonal index Acanthodiscus radiatus (Bruguière, 1789) does not occur, as in Butkov Quarry, the first representatives of Spitidiscus indicate the base of the Hauterivian. The genus Plesiospitidiscus Breistroffer, 1947 was long regarded as a member of the Superfamily Desmoceratoidea Zittel, 1895. This superfamily was based on its type species, Eodesmoceras celestini (Pictet and Campiche, 1860), which is not Valanginian in age, as now clearly proven. As a consequence, this superfamily is considered invalid. Vermeulen and Lahondère (2011) proposed an alternative by selecting a suitable initial genus, namely Plesiospitidiscus, for the Family Barremitidae, Superfamily Barremitoidea Breskovski, 1977 (nom. transl. Vermeulen and Lahondère, 2011).

20

Middle Devonian acanthodians from Belarus - new data and interregional biostratigraphy

Plax Dmitry P., Newman Michael

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2021

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Vol. 71, no. 4

393--414

EN

The Lower Devonian (Emsian) and Middle Devonian of Belarus contain assemblages of biostratigraphically useful faunal and floral microremains. Surface deposits are few, with most material being derived from borehole cores. Acanthodian scales are particularly numerous and comparison with scales from other regions of the Old Red Sandstone continent (Laurussia), specifically the Orcadian Basin of Scotland, the Baltic Region, Spitsbergen, and Severnaya Zemlya have demonstrated a lot of synonymy of acanthodian species between these areas. This is especially the case between Belarus, the Orcadian Basin and the Baltic Region, which has allowed us to produce an interregional biostratigraphic scheme, as well as to postulate marine connection routes between these areas. The acanthodian biostratigraphy of Belarus is particularly important as it is associated with spores and marine invertebrates, so giving the potential of more detailed correlations across not only the Old Red Sandstone continent, but elsewhere in the Devonian world. We also demonstrate that differences in preservation (e.g., wear and how articulated a specimen is) is one of the main reasons for synonymy.