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1

Mechanism of effective iron extraction from rare earth-bearing iron ores by low-temperature suspension reduction method

Hou Pengcheng, Gao Peng, Yuan Shuai, Han Yuexin, Sun Yongsheng

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2025

|

Vol. 61, iss. 2

art. no. 204110

EN

Bayan Obo iron ore is a rare complex deposit in the world. An isothermal kinetic study of the mineral phase transformation process of hematite in suspension to magnetite in Bayan Obo iron ore was carried out. It was calculated that in the reduction process of the H2 atmosphere, Eα was 99.87 kJ/mol and lnA was 13.07 min-1. In the reduction process of CO atmosphere, Eα was 37.06 kJ/mol and lnA was 3.40 min-1. The reduction paths of Bayan Obo hematite under different reducing atmospheres are not the same: (1) H2: hematite-magnetite-iron; (2) CO: hematite-magnetite-wüstite-iron. Under a CO atmosphere, the magnetic properties of the wüstite produced by the over-reduction of hematite were too weak, which seriously jeopardizes the magnetism of the reduced products. The pore structure was enlarged during the reduction of hematite, which greatly reduced the internal diffusion resistance of the reaction and accelerated the reaction rate.

2

Characteristic sky-background features around galaxy mergers

Suelves Luis E, Pearson William J., Pollo Agnieszka

Computer Science

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2025

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T. 26 (SI)

111--126

EN

In the context of finding galaxy mergers in large-scale surveys, we applied machine-learning algorithms that made use of flux measurements instead of using images (as is the current standard). By training multiple NNs using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey class-balanced data set of mergers and non-mergers, we found that sky-background error parameters could provide a validation accuracy of 92.64±0.15% and a training accuracy of 92.36±0.21%. Moreover, analyzing the NN identifications led us to find that a simple decision diagram using the sky error for two flux filters was enough to gain a 91.59% accuracy. By understanding how the galaxies vary along the diagram and trying to parametrize the methodology in the deeper images of the Hyper Suprime-Cam, we are currently trying to define and generalize this sky error-based methodology.

3

Ewolucja zabezpieczeń w najnowszych współczesnych polskich banknotach obiegowych

Podsiadło Halina, Shevchuk Igor

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2024

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R. 80, nr 2

69--74

PL

W artykule przedstawiono rozwój sposobów zabezpieczania wartościowych dokumentów – na przykładzie najnowszych obiegowych polskich banknotów, porównując je z pierwszym, wydrukowanym w 1919 r.

EN

The article presents developments in securing valuable do cuments using the example of the latest circulating Polish banknotes in comparison with the first one, printed in 1919.

4

Zarządzanie jakością - od selektywnej do zrównoważonej jakości

Borys Tadeusz, Rogala Piotr, Wawak Sławomir

Problemy Jakości

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2024

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R. 56, nr 1

11--18

PL

Cel: Celem artykułu jest analiza różnych, spotykanych w literaturze, podejść do ewolucji zarządzania jakością i zaproponowanie autorskiego pogłębionego podejścia do tej problematyki. Uwaga autorów koncentruje się na różnicach między poszczególnymi generacjami zarządzania, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli, jaką odgrywa w tej ewolucji TQM. Asumptem do zainteresowania się tym problemem było pojawienie się w literaturze naukowej koncepcji jakości 4.0 oraz jakości 5.0, choć do tej pory w publikacjach naukowych nie numerowano wcześniejszych etapów rozwoju zarządzania jakością. Projekt badania/metodyka badawcza/koncepcja: Analiza opierała się na przeglądzie literatury i dostępnych raportów z zakresu aktualnego stanu wiedzy w obszarze zarządzania jakością. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na publikacje na temat jakości 4.0 i 5.0 zawarte w naukowych bazach danych. Wyniki/wnioski: Autorzy zidentyfikowali atrybuty przypisane każdej z generacji zarządzania jakością. Określono miejsce koncepcji TQM w ewolucji zarządzania jakością oraz jakości 4.0, rozpoznanej jako nowa generacja TQM, istotnie rozbudowana poprzez digitalizację danych. Zidentyfikowano też wyzwania stawiane przed kształtującą się dopiero generacją zarządzania jakością określaną jako Jakość 5.0 - Sustainable Ouality. Oryginalność/wartość poznawcza: Praca przyczynia się do lepszego zrozumienia ewolucji zarządzania jakością, szczególnie w kontekście problemów związanych z numerowaniem generacji oraz roli TQM w tej ewolucji. Analiza atrybutów poszczególnych generacji oraz ich wpływu na jakość życia wnosi nowe spojrzenie w tym obszarze nauk o zarządzaniu i jakości. Oryginalność polega również na szerokim podejściu do TQM jako filozofii projakościowego zarządzania, co umożliwiło traktowanie jakości 4.0 i 5.0 jako rozbudowy holistycznego podejścia do jakości charakterystycznego dla TQM, którego umownym „punktem startowym" jest jakość 3.0. Oznacza to odejście od tak często spotykanego wąskiego traktowania TQM jako konkretnej metody zarządzania, która powinna już odejść do „lamusa" historii zarządzania jakością.

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze various approaches to the evolution of quality management and to propose an original, in-depth approach to this issue. The authors focus on the differences between individual generations of quality management, particularly emphasizing TQM's role in this evolution. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis was based on a review of the literaturę and available reports on the current State of knowledge in quality management. Particular attention was paid to publications on quality 4.0 and 5.0 contained in scientific databases. Findings/conclusions: The authors identified attributes assigned to each generation of quality management. The place of TQM in the evolution of quality management and quality 4.0 was determined and recognized as a new generation of TQM, significantly expanded through data digitization. Challenges faced by the emerging generation of quality management known as Quality 5.0 - Sustainable Ouality were also identified. Originality/value: The work contributes to a better understanding of the evolution of quality management, especially in the context of problems related to generation numbering and the role of TQM in the evolution. The analysis of the attributes of individual generations and their impact on the quality of life brings a new perspective in this area of management and quality Sciences. The originality also lies in the broad approach to TQM as a philosophy of pro-quality management, which madę it possible to treat quality 4.0 and 5.0 as an extension of the holistic approach to quality characteristic of TQM, the conventional "starting point" of which is quality 3.0. This means a departure from the so-often-seen narrow approach to TQM as a specific management method, which should now become a thing of the past in the history of quality management.

5

Authenticity: A very Greek word in a complex European setting

Zygomalas Dimitrios

Ochrona Dziedzictwa Kulturowego

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2024

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Nr 22

77--92

EN

A focal point in present-day conservation terminology, authenticity comes from the ancient Greek word afthentikós, which in modern times has come to mean genuine and valid. Based on this interpretation, it entered the conservation agenda, through the Venice Charter, in 1964, received added attention, through the Nara Document, in 1994, and since then, has generated multiple debates among conservation specialists. Yet while a wide consensus on a definition and method of assessment of authenticity pends, other key players in the European setting, namely national authorities, separate bodies, public groupings, and individual owners endorse, and in many cases, assume action in opposite directions. Considering the practical impact of these contradictions, the overall issue needs to be urgently discussed, which is precisely the goal of this paper. Based on extensive bibliographic and archival research, it initially addresses the evolution of the term “authenticity” and its current standing in the conservation agenda. It then examines and evaluates the aforementioned opposite postures, with reference to characteristic examples throughout Europe, and concludes by outlining proposals for the necessary reconciliation.

PL

Centralny punkt dzisiejszej terminologii konserwatorskiej – autentyczność – pochodzi od starożytnego greckiego słowa afthentikós, które w dzisiejszych czasach zaczęło oznaczać autentyczny i ważny. W oparciu o tę interpretację, w 1964 r. weszło ono do programu ochrony zabytków za pośrednictwem Karty Weneckiej, a od 1994 r. wywołało wiele debat wśród specjalistów w dziedzinie konserwacji dzięki Dokumentowi z Nara. Jednakże podczas gdy wciąż brak konsensusu w sprawie definicji i metod oceny autentyczności, kluczowi gracze w środowisku europejskim, a mianowicie władze krajowe, odrębne organy, ugrupowania publiczne i indywidualni właściciele w wielu przypadkach podejmują różne, czasem sprzeczne działania związane z autentycznością. Biorąc pod uwagę praktyczny wpływ tych sprzeczności, ogólna kwestia wymaga pilnego omówienia, co jest celem niniejszego artykułu. Opierając się na obszernych badaniach bibliograficznych i archiwalnych, wychodzimy od ewolucji terminu „autentyczność” i jego obecnej pozycji w agendzie konserwatorskiej. Następnie analizujemy i oceniamy wspomniane wyżej przeciwstawne stanowiska, odnosząc się do charakterystycznych przykładów w całej Europie, a na zakończenie przedstawiamy propozycje niezbędnego porozumienia.

6

Study of the evolution of equipment used for drilling oil and gas wells

Habibov Ibrahim A., Abasova Sevinc M., Mammadov Farid S.

Nafta-Gaz

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2024

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R. 80, nr 12

750--754

EN

The prospects for further improvement of the oil and gas industry are mainly related to the development and commissioning of high-yield fields. In this regard, it is of great importance to produce more economical and durable oil and gas field equipment by machine-building enterprises, increasing its reliability and competitiveness, as well as further improving manufacturing processes. Such development of technical systems follows the law of progressive evolution, reflecting changes aimed at eliminating shortcomings identified during operation. Consequently, the evolution of technology in a broad sense involves changes in design, manufacturing technology, their direction, and patterns. This article is devoted to the study of the evolution of technical systems – specifically, drilling rigs – during the period of their slow development and the approach of the efficiency criterion to the limiting value. The stages of modernization and reorganization in drilling equipment production, including the adoption of a top drive system, are discussed. Attention is also given to the production of mobile drilling rigs. The article demonstrates that the most effective way is to provide service support in various operating conditions through timely diagnosis and application of appropriate types of equipment maintenance and repair. It has been determined that the evolution of equipment used for drilling oil and gas wells has enabled the identification of key factors affecting their efficiency. Several technical areas have been identified, the development and use of which will enable further advancements in the evolution of drilling rigs.

PL

Perspektywy rozwoju przemysłu naftowo-gazowego wiążą się głównie z rozwojem i uruchomieniem wysokowydajnych złóż. W związku z tym bardzo ważne jest aby przedsiębiorstwa zajmujące się budową urządzeń produkowały bardziej ekonomiczne i trwałe wyposażenie do eksploatacji złóż ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego, zwiększając jego niezawodność i konkurencyjność, a także ulepszając procesy produkcyjne. Taki rozwój systemów technicznych odbywa się zgodnie z prawem stopniowej ewolucji, odzwierciedlając zmiany mające na celu wyeliminowanie niedociągnięć zidentyfikowanych podczas użytkowania. W związku z tym ewolucja technologii w szerokim znaczeniu obejmuje zmiany w projektowaniu, technologii produkcji, ich kierunku i wzorcach. Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest badaniu ewolucji systemów technicznych, w szczególności platform wiertniczych, w okresie ich powolnego rozwoju oraz w miarę jak kryterium efektywności zbliża się do wartości granicznej. Omówiono etapy modernizacji i reorganizacji produkcji urządzeń wiertniczych, w tym wprowadzenie napędu górnego. Zwrócono również uwagę na produkcję mobilnych urządzeń wiertniczych. W artykule wykazano, że najskuteczniejszym sposobem jest zapewnienie wsparcia serwisowego w różnych warunkach pracy poprzez terminową diagnozę i zastosowanie odpowiednich rodzajów konserwacji i napraw sprzętu. Ustalono, że ewolucja sprzętu wykorzystywanego do wiercenia otworów naftowych i gazowych umożliwiła identyfikację kluczowych czynników wpływających na ich wydajność. Zidentyfikowano kilka obszarów technicznych, których rozwój i wykorzystanie umożliwi dalszy postęp w ewolucji urządzeń wiertniczych.

7

Prospects for the Development of Polish Seaports

Jędras Roman

Logistics and Transport

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2024

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Vol. 61-62, No. 1-2

35--64

EN

PART 1 Abstract: Polish ports in Gdansk, Gdynia, Szczecin, and Świnoujście are vital in the global market, handling large cargo volumes and serving as crucial links in international trade. This article explores their innovative capabilities and pivotal role in economic development and global competitiveness. Through analysis, we aim to uncover their untapped potential and propose strategies for fostering innovation. In summary, Polish ports facilitate global trade, drive economic growth, and can enhance their contributions through innovation, thereby maintaining competitiveness internationally. PART 2 Abstract: The second part of the article delves into the modes of maritime transportation and the future of key Polish ports such as Gdansk, Gdynia, Szczecin, and Świnoujście. Gdansk connects Scandinavia and South-eastern Europe, Gdynia handles diverse cargoes, and Szczecin and Świnoujście facilitate trade between Scandinavia and Central/Southern Europe. Additionally, the analysis includes Gdynia Port’s strategic development plan (2014-2027) focusing on infrastructure, transport accessibility, and environmental sustainability.

8

Kultura strategiczna w naukach o bezpieczeństwie

Mitręga Adrian

Kwartalnik Bellona

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2024

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Nr 4

99--112

PL

Badania nad kulturą strategiczną mają kluczowe znaczenie dla zrozumienia polityki obronnej i bezpieczeństwa państw. Mogą być pomocne w rozwiązywaniu takich problemów, jak bezpieczeństwo narodowe, zapewnianie porządku wewnętrznego, postrzeganie polityki zagranicznej państwa, proliferacja broni masowego rażenia czy wykorzystanie dostępnych zasobów wojskowych i technologicznych. Badania nad kulturą strategiczną są użyteczne w analizach porównawczych państw, pozwalają bowiem uchwycić różnice w podejściu do użycia siły, opracowania doktryn wojskowych czy prowadzenia międzynarodowych negocjacji. W artykule omówiono rolę kultury strategicznej w naukach o bezpieczeństwie.

EN

Research on strategic culture is crucial for understanding the defense and security policies of individual states. It can be helpful in solving such problems as national security, ensuring internal order, perception of the state’s foreign policy, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction or the use of available military and technological resources. Research on strategic culture is useful in comparative analyses of states, as it allows for capturing differences in the approach to the use of force, development of military doctrines or conducting international negotiations. The article discusses the role of strategic culture in security sciences.

9

Evolution and Innovative Design of Cloud Shoulder Adornments in Ming and Qing Dynasties from the Perspective of Hanfu Elements

Lin Yanping, Zain Mohd Zaimmudin Mohd, Yang Chen, Zhu Chunyan

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2024

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Vol. 32, no. 1

53--63

EN

In this study, from the perspective of Hanfu elements, the evolution and innovative design of cloud shoulder adornments in the Ming and Qing dynasties were systematically examined. Through methods such as literature research, data collection, and practical research, the origins, development, and their association with the historical and cultural context were revealed. The study found that the cloud shoulder adornments in the Ming and Qing dynasties underwent a process of evolution from simplicity to complexity and from uniformity to diversity in terms of design and patterns. These changes reflected the shifting aesthetic concepts of the time and the pursuit of clothing aesthetics, enriching the design elements and aesthetic connotations of cloud shoulder adornments. The findings of this research provide inspiration for modern designers to create Hanfu works with distinctive characteristics and individuality. The significance of this study lies in uncovering the evolutionary process and design features of cloud shoulder adornments in the Ming and Qing dynasties, offering important references and inspirations for related research and creative endeavors. By integrating traditional elements with modern design concepts, we can promote the inheritance and development of Chinese traditional culture, as well as the dissemination and application of Hanfu in contemporary times. This holds positive implications for the revival of Hanfu culture and the preservation of traditional heritage.

10

Martes wenzensis Stach, 1959 within the early history of the genus Martes Pinel, 1792

Marciszak Adrian, Lipecki Grzegorz, Spassov Nikolai

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2024

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Vol. 74, no. 1

art. no. e4

EN

Martes wenzensis Stach, 1959 is the only European Pliocene marten and possible ancestor of an evolutionary lineage leading through Martes vetus Kretzoi, 1942 to Martes martes Linnæus, 1758. Its occurrence ranged between c. 3.6–2.2 Ma and its presence is recorded herein from four sites: three Polish and one Bulgarian (Varshets). The oldest record from Węże 1, dated to 3.6–3.2 Ma, is also the most abundant and the type locality for this species. Only isolated teeth came from two other Polish sites, Węże 2 and Rębielice Królewskie 1A, dated to 2.5–2.2 Ma. The visceocranium from Varshets (c. 2.5 Ma) shows intermediate features between the type specimen from Węże 1 and the Early Pleistocene M. vetus, its possible descendant. The palaeontological records corroborate well with molecular data. The comparison of marten crania from Węże 1 and Varshets shows decrease in size and massiveness of teeth during the evolution of the species. Martes wenzensis shows an admixture of features inherent to M. vetus, M. martes, and M. foina Erxleben, 1777. The species resembles more M. vetus and M. martes than M. foina. It is described as a large, robust marten, with a flat forehead, short and broad viscerocranium, wide snout, robust canines, elongated and narrow premolars and enlarged carnassials.

11

The evolution of views of Franz Karl Heintz, the quarantine physician of the right-bank Ukraine, concerning the reasons of occurrence, course and treatment of the plague

Gaidai Olga, Srogosz Tadeusz

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2023

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T. 68, nr 3

39--53

EN

In the years 1780-1781, Doctor Franz Karl Heintz hesitated about the diagnosis for a long time. Initially he thought he had encountered cases of ‘rotten diseases’. However, taking into account the experience of other European countries, he knew one had to be certain about the diagnosis given, especially when it concerned the most terrible infection. Only after some time he admitted was dealing with the plague. He was still optimistic though. He claimed that herbal medicaments were efficient in many cases. In 1786, already as the quarantine physician of the Right-Bank Ukraine, he sensibly assessed the potential of medicine regarding the plague. Although he based his project on the contemporary medicinal state of the art that went along with the 18th c. ideal of medical knowledge (he was a follower of Hippocrates, i.e. a supporter of humoral pathology), the most important components of the project were police-order in their character, which found a permanent place in the medical thought of that time.

PL

W latach 1780-1781 doktor Franz Karl Heintz długo wahał się w sprawie diagnozy. Początkowo myślał, że napotkał przypadku ‘zgniłej choroby’. Czerpiąc jednak z doświadczenia innych krajów europejskich, wiedział, że trzeba być uważnym podczas diagnozy, zwłaszcza gdy dotyczyła najstraszniejszej choroby. Dopiero po pewnym czasie przyznał, że ma do czynienia z dżumą. Mimo to był dobrej myśli. Twierdził, że w wielu przypadkach pomagają lekarstwa ziołowe. W 1786 r., już jako lekarz kwarantann prowincji ukraińskiej, uważnie oceniał możliwości medycyny wobec dżumy. Mimo oparł swój projekt na współczesnym stanie medycyny, który współgrał z XVIII-wiecznym ideałem wiedzy medycznej (Heintz był zwolennikiem Hipokratesa, tj. wspierał medycynę humoralną), najważniejsze elementy projekt miały charakter policyjny, który znalazł stałe miejsce w myśli medycznej tego okresu.

12

Telecommunications Wireless Generations: Overview, Technological Differences, Evolutional Triggers, and the Future

Koi-Akrofi Godfred Yaw, Kuuboore Marcellinus, Odai Daniel Adjei, Kotey Albert Neequaye

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2023

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Vol. 69, No. 1

105--114

EN

This study expands on prior studies on wireless telecommunication generations by examining the technological differences and evolutional triggers that characterise each Generation (from 1G to 5G). Based on a systematic literature review approach, this study examines fifty (50) articles to enhance our understanding of wireless generation evolution. Specifically, this study analyses i) the triggers that necessitated the evolution of wireless telecommunication generations and ii) makes a case regarding why it is imperative to look beyond the fifth Generation (5G) network technologies. The authors propose areas for future research.

13

Evolution of the Western Tethys as seen from the Western Carpathians’ perspective

Plašienka Dušan

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

57--57

EN

The palaeogeographic positions of the pre-Cretaceous Tethys “western ends” (Kovács, 1992) and their relationships to easterly located oceanic domains remain to belong to the most challenging issues in deciphering the structure and tectonic evolution of the European Alpides (e.g. Schmid et al., 2020). Due to the westward increasing paucity of direct indications of ancient oceanic domains and their discontinuous occurrences, a number of sometimes considerably different reconstructions have been proposed by several authors. All these are based on various data and authors’ preferences; therefore achievement of a widely accepted model seems not to be probable at present. In general, searching for evidences of former oceanic domains in the nappe edifice of collisional mountain belts, commonly in the suture zones, is based on several fundamental criteria: 1) ophiolite slivers and ophiolite-bearing mélanges as vestiges of consumed oceanic lithosphere; 2) blueschistto eclogite-facies metamorphosed units recording the subduction/exhumation processes within a subduction channel and/ or accretionary prism; 3) deep-marine synorogenic sedimentary complexes like wildflysch or olistostromes; 4) mixture of these in chaotic units within an accretionary wedge; and 5) a specific case of intraoceanic subduction resulting in ophiolite obduction, but this is not considered as a continental collisional tectonic setting. Indirectly, position of past oceanic basins can be detected by: a) secondary occurrences of an oceanic crust-derived detritus, including the heavy mineral spectra, in syn- to early post-orogenic sedimentary clastic formations and clues to their source areas; b) shelf-slope-continental rise facies polarity of former passive margins; c) progradational trend of collisional thrust stacking of the lower plate with a suture (often totally destroyed) in the uppermost structural position in the rear part of an orogenic pro-wedge; d) subduction-related calc-alkaline magmatism accompanying the active margin; e) upper plate back-arc extension, or retro-wedge thrusting opposite to the pro-wedge in a bivergent orogen with the suture in its axial zone; f) major crustal-scale discontinuities revealed by deep seismic sounding connected to surface fault zones separating palaeogeographically distinct domains indicating possible plate boundaries. All these potential clues have been considered while reconstructing the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Western Carpathians (Plašienka, 2018 and references therein). It should be noted that no single criterion characterized above, even not a few indirect signs are enough to define a particular orogenic zone or unit as an evidence for an oceanic suture. There is only one Western Carpathian zone which fulfils most of them. It is represented by units and rock complexes grouped in a tectonic superunit known as the Meliaticum and respective oceanic realm as the Meliata Ocean. The Meliata-related units bear clear signs of criteria 1, 2, 3, 4 and indirect indicators a, b, c and e. Whatever different are the interpretations of the Meliata Ocean origin (e.g. born as a back-arc basin initiated by the northward subduction of Palaeotethys, or simply as a northern margin or embayment of Neotethys), or even its existence as an independent domain (regarded as a facies zone only), all palaeotectonic interpretations of the Alpine tectonic evolution of the Western Carpathians have to take into account these pieces of evidence.

14

Deciphering complex facies distribution in a narrow basin: the western fragment of Skole Nappe (Campanian–Paleocene, Ropianka Formation, Polish Outer Carpathians)

Łapcik Piotr

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2023

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nr 1-2 (72-73)

44--44

EN

The evolutionary history of the Skole Basin during the Campanian–Paleocene period exhibits several cycles of progradational and retrogradational movement, accompanied by shifts from carbonate to siliciclastic-dominated sedimentation, which are recorded in the Ropianka Formation deposits (Kotlarczyk, 1978). These changes are primarily driven by fluctuations in relative sea levels and tectonic activity (Kotlarczyk, 1988; Kędzierski & Leszczyński, 2013). The study area is located south of Tarnów and encompasses western part of the Skole Nappe, the most external major tectonic unit in the Polish Outer Carpathians. Skole Nappe stands as a folded and thrust remnants of sedimentary infill of the Skole Basin, being one of a several deep-water basins located at the northern margin of the Tethys Ocean (Ślączka et al., 2012). The progradational-retrogradational cycles initiate with the appearance of sand-rich bodies at the lower part of the sedimentary log, which gradually diminish up the section. The depositional environment of the study area contains a broad range of distinguished submarine fan setting including channel-fill deposits, the transition zone between channels and lobes, and various sub-environments within depositional lobes such as the lobe axis, off-axis and lobe fringe, distal fringe, and interlobe areas. The intricate distribution of facies throughout the studied time interval can be attributed to the basin’s asymmetry, characterized by a steep southern slope and a gentler northern slope, as well as the influence of multiple sediment sources. The significant aggradation of specific depositional elements, variations in calcareous sediment content, and changes in palaeotransport directions indicate the presence of morphological obstacles and/or the semi-confined nature of the Skole Basin in the study area. Further field investigations have identified two distinct submarine depositional settings characterized by sediment bypass: channel-lobe-transition zone and marl-dominated lower slope or base-of-slope bypass zone. Despite domination of marls, the second type of bypass zone tends to show two different end-member variants. The first type involves a higher proportion of thin- and thick-bedded coarse-grained lag deposits, while the second type consists of dune scale bedforms with intraformational. Log with more intermediate characteristics occurs as well, reflecting the spatial continuum of facies changes in the marl-dominated bypass zone and transition to the marl-dominated lower slope and base-ofslope deposits. Record of intervals with siliciclastic sediment bypass within areas of predominantly marly deposition can serve as valuable indicators of turbidite system progradation despite relative sea-level highstand connected with carbonate production. Moreover, such deposits may indicate smallscale sea-level changes or tectonic pulses within deep-water monotonous sedimentary successions predominantly composed of fine-grained sedimentation.

15

Pre-Taghanic (Lower to lower Middle Givetian) brachiopods from Miłoszów in the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)

Baliński Andrzej, Halamski Adam T.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2023

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Vol. 93, No. 1

3--102

EN

Sixty-eight brachiopod species are reported from the upper part of the Skały Formation at Miłoszów (Łysogóry Region of the Holy Cross Mts., central Poland) on the basis of over 2,200 specimens. The fauna is Early to early Middle Givetian in age (timorensis to rhenanus/varcus conodont zones) and thus predates the Middle Givetian Taghanic Bioevent. One new genus and three new species are described. Leiocyrtia Baliński gen. nov. (type species: Leiocyrtia rara Baliński gen. et sp. nov.; Spiriferida, Cyrtiidae) is characterised by a non-costate shell with prominent sulcus and fold and capillate microornament. Undispirifer sidoniae Halamski and Baliński sp. nov. is characterised by transverse shells and dense ribbing. Moravilla andreae Baliński and Halamski sp. nov. is characterised by relatively coarse radial capillate ornament and is the first representative of the genus outside the type species from the Givetian of Moravia. The most abundant species are: Spinulicosta cf. spinulicosta, Antirhynchonella linguiformis, Pentamerelloides davidsoni, Peratos beyrichi, Plectospira ferita, Spinatrypa wotanica (confirmed to belong to that genus and not to Spinatrypina), Ambothyris sp., and Echinocoelia dorsoplana. ‘Spirifer’ quadriplicatus Sandberger and Sandberger, 1856, a rare species known from Miłoszów and the Rhenish Massif, is an orthide and belongs to Teichertina. The relationship between Skenidioides polonicus and S. cretus, formerly understood as anagenesis, is re-interpreted as budding cladogenesis. Davidsonia septata is reported as an epizoan on rugosan corals, a relationship never previously observed in representatives of that genus. Brachiopods represent different palaeoecological groupings, from relatively shallow-water taxa (BA3, globetum) to deep-water mud-dwelling ones (BA5, deeper brachiopodetum). The richest beds are M1-IIa (28 brachiopod species), M3-7 (23 species), and M0-9 (22 species). Eighteen species described here were not known previously in the Holy Cross Mountains, so the corrected total number of brachiopod species from the Middle Devonian of the Łysogóry Region is 140.

16

Phylogeny of the ammonite family Aulacostephanidae Spath, 1924 during the Late Oxfordian and the Early Kimmeridgian in Europe: Main lineages, patterns of evolution and sedimentological to palaeogeographical controls on evolutionary development

Wierzbowski Andrzej

Volumina Jurassica

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2022

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Vol. 20

59--128

EN

The evolutionary history of the Aulacostephanidae presented here includes the interval of about 5 Ma of the Late Oxfordian and Early Kimmeridgian ranging from the origin of the family to is maximal development. The development and biogeographical distribution of aulacostephanids in Europe were related mostly to sea-level changes and tectonics. The appearance of the ancestor genus Decipia and the following genus Ringsteadia was controlled by marine transgressions during the Late Oxfordian which stimulated also the distribution of these ammonites in Subboreal and Submediterranean Europe. The main faunal turnover at the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary was related to allopatric speciation correlated to separation of the aulacostephanid assemblages: it resulted in the appearance of the main Ringsteadia-Pictonia-Rasenia lineage in NW Subboreal Europe and the side-lineages Ringsteadia-Vielunia-Eurasenia/Involuticeras and Ringsteadia-Vineta-Balticeras-Rasenioides in NE Subboreal and Central Submediterranean Europe. A strong development of the shallow-water carbonate platforms during the Early Kimmeridgian stimulated the development of still another Pictonia (Pomerania) - Rasenia (Pachypictonia) lineage. The main faunal turnover correlated to a large transgression at the end of the Early Kimmeridgian resulted in the sudden distribution of the new aulacostephanid faunas over large areas of northern and central Europe, and opened a new stage in the evolutionary development of the family.

17

Murals and their evolution and typology in the space of the urban environment on the example of Kyiv

Abyzov Vadym, Chuieva Oksana

Środowisko Mieszkaniowe

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2021

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nr 35

57--65

EN

Over the past few years, murals have actively and firmly entered into the fabric of the architectural environment as one of the most powerful artistic means of urban art. According to the latest statistics, Ukraine, and Kyiv in particular, tops the list of leaders of the countries with the largest number of murals. Based on the historical context, the murals performed a social and propaganda mission. Already in the XXI century, Ukraine has experienced two revolutions. And they became a powerful impetus for the active manifestation of „street art” on free surfaces. But in contrast to the monumental and decorative compositions of totalitarian art, which still adorn the cities of Ukraine, the artistic and graphic language has changed. Young designers in modern graphic trends, form an updated visual representation of established stylistic solutions. The purpose of the article is an attempt to determine the historical conditions of the murals’ development, the features and principles of their solutions in the city space, as well as modern and promising means of implementation. The article discusses the factors and conditions of the evolution of modern murals, their typology and thematic focus, techniques and means of spatial composition and artistic solutions.

18

Reparation of voltage disturbance using PR controller-based DVR in Modern power systems

Danalakshmi D., Prathiba S., Ettappan M., Krishna Mohan D.

Production Engineering Archives

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2021

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Vol. 27, Iss. 1

16--29

EN

The Smart Grid environment gives more benefits for the consumers, whereas the power quality is one of the challenging factors in the smart grid environment. To protect the system equipment and increase the reliability, different filter technologies are used. Even though, consumers’ expectations towards the power quality are not fulfilled. To overcome these drawbacks and enhance the system reliability, a new Custom Power Devices (CPD) are introduced in the system. Among different CPDs, the Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is one of the voltage compensating devices that is used to improve the power quality during distortions. When the distortions such as voltage swell and sag occur in the distribution system, the control strategy in the DVR plays a significant role. In this article, the DVR performance using Proportional Integral (PI), Proportional Resonant (PR) controllers are analyzed. A robust optimization algorithm called Self Balanced Differential Evolution (SBDE) is used to find the optimal gain values of the controllers in order to reach the target of global minimum error and obtain fast response. Then, a comparative analysis is performed between different controllers and verified that the performance of PR controller is superior than the other controllers. It has been found that the proposed PR controller strategy reduces the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) values for all types of faults. The proposed SBDE optimized DVR with PR controller reduces the THD value less than 4% under voltage distoration condition. The DVR topology is validated in MATLAB/SIMULINK in order to detect the disturbance and inject the voltage to compensate the load voltage.

19

Teaching scientific method to primary school pupils by using the example of adaptation of secondarily aquatic animals to the marine environment

Antczak Mateusz

Geologos

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2021

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Vol. 27, No. 3

181--188

EN

Science classes in public schools are usually strictly linked to several subjects and taught by reference to the reading-listening model. Non-formal educational institutions and events such as ‘children universities’ and science fairs (and to some degree also some private schools) implement elements of interdisciplinary teaching of science and learning through experiments and the use of scientific methods. Workshops conducted within non-formal educational structures prove that only is this method engaging and understandable to primary school pupils, it also is possibly much more effective than the traditional learning style for coding information and explaining common misconceptions in teaching evolution, palaeontology and biodiversity. The example of a scenario for science classes presented here (the so-called ‘aquatic problem’, i.e., adaptations of primarily terrestrial animals – amniotes – to the aquatic environment) uses simple props, such as everyday items, to address the problems that teachers in public school face. Thus, it can be implemented independently of school budgets and availability of school equipment.

20

Governmental combat of migration between competing terrorist organisations

Hausken Kjell

Operations Research and Decisions

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2020

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Vol. 30, No. 3

21--46

EN

Each terrorist organisation is modelled with four coupled differential time equations for the evolution of ideologues, criminal mercenaries, captive participants, and capital sponsoring. Emigration of ideologues may cause unbounded growth of the organisation receiving ideologues. The organisation losing ideologues may reach a stationary state where ideologues are supported by capital sponsors and mercenaries. Emigration of mercenaries may cause the organisation losing mercenaries to experience growth. The organisation receiving mercenaries may lose capital sponsors permanently, allowing for the presence of mercenaries, or capital sponsors may rebound deterring mercenaries. Emigration of ideologues from one organisation to another requires more government intervention into the latter to ensure termination. Emigration of mercenaries from one organisation to another may require more government intervention into the latter, since mercenaries support ideologues. Competing terrorist organisations may facilitate their mutual extinction. Various intervention strategies are considered: the most threatening organisation is eliminated first, aided by competition from the least threatening, after which the remaining organisation is eliminated. The government’s instantaneous and accumulated utilities are analysed through time and compared, depending on emigration, competition, and government intervention strategies.