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1

The analysis of spatial-temporal differences in unemployment rates in Poland by counties in the years 2019-2023

Dagna Wleklińska

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 201

379--390

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to identify the spatial differentiation of changes in the unemployment rate in the county system in Poland in the period 2019-2023. The subject of particular interest is the verification of the hypothesis about the existence of spatial dependencies in changes in the level of unemployment rates between counties considered to be neighboring in terms of a given criterion. Design/methodology/approach: The validity of using the methods and tools of spatial econometrics to describe unemployment as one of the most important negative socio-economic phenomena is confirmed by numerous empirical analyses, and in the face of dynamic economic and social changes, it does not lose its importance. The analysis used spatial and space-time econometric models. The spatial structure of dependencies between counties was quantified using the common border matrix. Findings: Research confirms the existence of spatial dependencies in the development of the unemployment rate registered in the counties in Poland. Practical implications: The practical implication of this study comes from the provision of evidence that when it comes to analyzing processes within specific areas, it is essential to account for the spatial relationships between objects, as these relationships significantly influence the outcomes and dynamics observed. Originality/value: The originality of the study comes from the tool used, which enables the analysis of processes through the prism of the structure of relationships between the objects they concern.

2

Sustainable development of Polish healthcare determined by the Covid-19 pandemic

Krawczyk-Sołtys Agnieszka, Wojtal Agnieszka

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 191

305--319

EN

Purpose: The acceleration of the digitization of the healthcare sector, forced by the pandemic, and the extensive use of e-services prevented is collapsed. But it was also created a space for innovative medical and medical-related solutions, development of staff competences, greater focus on the patient and his environment. The aim of the article is to determine the state and directions of sustainable development of Polish health care in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: According to the World Commission on Environment and Development, sustainable development makes it possible to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The 2030 Agenda aims to “ensure healthy lives and promote prosperity for all people of all ages”. The coronavirus pandemic has challenged global healthcare systems to cope with an unprecedented crisis while pursuing sustainable development as defined above. Findings: The pandemic has led healthcare leaders to act with agility, build resilience and adopt smarter ways of working to help future-proof care. It has also pushed them to rethink how care is delivered. Originality/value: An identification the main directions of sustainable development of Polish healthcare in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic.

3

Risk management in the supply chain in the light of the enterprises’ experiences during the Covid-19 pandemic

Kauf Sabina, Pisz Iwona, Tłuczak Agnieszka

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 195

249--270

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify key reasons for intensifying risk management activities in supply chains. To achieve the objective, the following research hypotheses were adopted: H1 - the extent of business activity is not correlated with problems related to demand constraints and timeliness of payments, H2 - disruptions in supply chain continuity during a COVID-19 pandemic are independent of the type of chain. Design/methodology/approach: These paper highlights the importance of risk management in the supply chain management in addressing the pandemic induced disruptions and supply chain risk management activities. Achieving the stated goal requires answering two questions: (1) What problems are companies facing due to the coronavirus pandemic, and (2) What actions are companies taking to ensure supply chain continuity, especially in Poland conditions. 137 enterprises participated in the research, including 118 with foreign capital. The survey was conducted online. The research sample included entities from the manufacturing, trading, and service sectors located throughout Poland. Companies were selected using a snowball method, starting with supply chain managers from friendly entities and asking them to identify other entities that could take part in the study. Findings: The research showed that the continuity of supply chains in Poland was not maintained, and companies were able to keep inventories only at a minimum level. The research also analysed the impact of remote work on the effects of the functioning of enterprises and assessed the effects of support under anti-crisis shields. Originality/value: The research has been carried out in order to identify the factors that have the greatest influence on the efficiency of the supply chains of Polish enterprises. The research showed that the continuity of supply chains in Poland was not maintained, and companies were able to keep inventories only at a minimum level.

4

Foreign direct investments in Poland and China – investment dynamics 2010-2021

Bernat Maria, Romaniuk Urszula, Liu Huizheng, Sun Yingnan

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 197

55--72

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the present paper is study the level and dynamics of foreign direct investments (FDIs) in Poland and China as countries that have been growing at completely different rates in the last 11 years. This is largely the effect of different transformation variants implemented by both countries in the second half of the XX century. In order to evaluate a given economy’s ability to export capital abroad and to absorb capital imported from other countries, it is especially important to analyse the investment balance in terms of inflow to the country and outflow abroad. Methodology: The review of source materials and literature as well as statistical and comparative analysis methods were used in the paper. The base for analysis included documents published by the National Bank of Poland (NBP), Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China (MOFCOM), OECD and World Bank statistics. Findings: Taking into account the differences between Poland and China in terms of the GDP and FDI dynamics, the following research questions were asked: do the GDP dynamics correspond to the dynamics of investment in the form of foreign direct investments (FDIs) in both of the aforementioned countries? - if the investment balance classifies Poland as a capital importer and China as a capital exporter, then how did this classification change in 2010-2021? did the pandemic affect the investment dynamics in 2020?

5

Elements of crisis management during the Covid-19 pandemic in Poland

Michalcewicz-Kaniowska Małgorzata, Odlanicka-Poczobutt Monika, Szyszka-Schuppik Aleksandra, Komarnicka Anna, Murawska Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 193

121--143

EN

Purpose: Contemporary threats are characterized by unpredictability, vehemence and interpermeation, and affect almost all areas of society functioning. The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2a virus, resulted in crisis threats associated with possible loss of life, health or material possessions, destabilization of economic development, or loss of conditions for free existence. The lack of clear guidelines on how to deal with such a situation has revealed the inadequacies of the crisis management systems, which are - by design - aimed at efficient prevention of such situations as well as safety assurance and development of conditions for further advancement, i.e., containment of threat escalation, to the extent possible. The historical review of various events, analysis of the examined organizations’ practices as well as overview of the legislation have led the Authors to address the issue of personal data protection throughout the ongoing pandemic. The article is thereby aimed at cataloging the risks and development of guidelines for operation during the COVID-19 pandemic, with respect to personal data protection. Design/methodology/approach: For the purpose of the article, multiple case studies were conducted in various organizations, where one of the article co-authors acted as a professional Data Protection Officer. The research was carried out in 20 entities of different business profiles. Findings: The main problems identified involved: body temperature measurement consents, virus test result or immunization data sharing, introduction of COVID-19 questionnaires and visiting regulations, employers’ epidemiological proceedings conduct, and remote work models. Practical implications: The study resulted in the formulation of recommendations, regarding the steps to be taken by organizations in order to establish a catalog of risks via the following: identification of the actual risks, conduction of a risk assessment, development of a catalog of appropriate undertakings and procedures, preparation and maintenance of forces and resources, as well as definition of the principles for interaction of the actors involved. Further, a recommendation for implementation of a schedule of operation, based on the crisis management guidelines, has been formulated. Consequently, the basis for effective organizational operation involves ongoing verification of the procedures against the Chief Sanitary Inspector’s and the Ministry of Health’s guidelines, as well as observation and ongoing update of the trends in the crisis management changes. Originality/value: By identifying a catalogue of risks and formulating guidelines for action during a COVID-19 pandemic in relation to data protection, this article can contribute to the discussion on appropriate practices and strategies in this area. Simultaneously, it provides a valuable perspective on the adaptation of organizations to the dynamic changes in crisis management in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

6

Sales of delivery vehicles in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

Orzech Paulina, Marcinek Wiktoria, Macander Marian, Jordan Józef

Transport Samochodowy

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2024

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T. 69, nr 1

23--27

EN

The sale of vehicles is an important element of their life cycle, which includes various stages, from design and production, through use, to recycling or disposal. Sales are an important step in this cycle because they influence how many vehicles reach the market and are put into consumer use. During the COVID-19 pandemic, vehicle sales have dropped significantly. Drastic declines in production during this period were the effect of restrictions that resulted in the closure of production plants. The article presents statistics on the sales of Mercedes-Benz delivery vehicles and the changes that took place during the pandemic. It also contains recommendations that mainly concern improving the effectiveness of vehicle sales in emergency situations. During the pandemic, the activities of many automotive industries were suspended and, additionally, vehicle traffic decreased, which resulted in a general decline in the production of components, parts, as well as future car designs. The aim of the article is to analyse the sales of Mercedes-Benz delivery vehicles and to assess the factors that influenced it in the analysed period.

PL

Sprzedaż pojazdów stanowi istotny element ich cyklu życia, który obejmuje różne etapy, począwszy od projektowania i produkcji, poprzez użytkowanie, aż do recyklingu lub utylizacji. Sprzedaż stanowi ważny etap w tym cyklu, gdyż wpływa na to, jak wiele pojazdów trafia na rynek i do użytku konsumentów. W dobie pandemii COVID-19 sprzedaż pojazdów znacznie spadła. Drastyczne spadki produkcji w tym okresie były wynikiem obostrzeń, które skutkowały zamykaniem zakładów produkcyjnych. Artykuł przedstawia statystyki dotyczące sprzedaży pojazdów dostawczych marki Mercedes-Benz oraz zmiany, jakie miały miejsce w czasie pandemii. Zawiera również rekomendacje, które dotyczą głównie poprawy efektywności sprzedaży pojazdów w sytuacjach zagrożenia. W okresie pandemii działalność wielu branż samochodowych została zawieszona, a dodatkowo zmniejszyło się natężenie ruchu pojazdów, co spowodowało ogólny spadek produkcji podzespołów, części, jak również przyszłych konstrukcji aut. Celem artykułu jest dokonanie analizy sprzedaży pojazdów dostawczych marki Mercedes-Benz oraz ocena czynników, jakie na nią wpłynęły w badanym okresie.

7

Repository of data on epidemic situations on sea vessels

Bodus‐Olkowska I., Garczyńska I., Lisaj A., Mąka M., Dramski M., Chronopoulos A., Gregoric T., Koivisto H., de Melo Rodriguez G., Ziarati R., Filipiak K.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 1

133--137

EN

This article is an introduction to the DESSEV (DEcision Support System regarding the risk of Epidemic threats on a sea-going Vessel) project implemented as part of the Erasmus+ partnership under the leadership of the Maritime University of Szczecin. This project consists of three elements: a data repository, a rule base and a decision support system. Due to the schedule of works in the project, only the first of them was presented. The next ones will be described in subsequent publications at various international conferences. The idea of the project naturally resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic, but other infectious outbreaks may also occur on sea vessels, posing a threat to the ship's crew and passengers (passenger transport). The existing legal regulations, available knowledge or training do not sufficiently address the problem of the epidemic on the state. Therefore, it was decided to introduce a novelty - a decision support system, which is designed to facilitate taking the right steps in the event of an infectious disease on a seagoing vessel.

8

Analysis of the suburban real estate market in the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Witek Paulina, Jakubiak Mateusz, Hubar Yurii, Maciuk Kamil

Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddział PAN w Krakowie

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2024

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T. 52

411--419

EN

The aim of this study was to analyse the real estate market in the Kraków County area during the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 pandemic periods. The study utilized a dataset from the state register of real estate prices covering the years 2017–2021 was used. In the introduction part, the authors analyse problems related to the real estate market during the pandemic, while the second chapter focuses on the real estate market in Krakow County. The dataset obtained from the local authority real estate transaction database consisted of 52,356 entries and after removing transactions with missing data, approximately half of this number remained. The analysis cover five different properties types: houses, apartments, parcels, commercial premisses and developed real estates. The highest number of transactions traded in the analysed area involved parcels, while houses had the lowest. On the other hand, commercial premisses had the highest prices in the market, while parcels were the cheapest. Since March 2020, when the first COVID-19 pandemic restrictions were implemented, only the number of transactions has decreased, but the pandemic has had no impact on property prices.

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza rynku nieruchomości na terenie powiatu krakowskiego w okresie przed pandemią COVID-19 oraz w trakcie pandemii. W badaniu wykorzystano dane z państwowego rejestru cen nieruchomości obejmujące lata 2017–2021. W części wprowadzającej autorzy dokonali analizy problemów związanych z rynkiem nieruchomości w okresie pandemii, uwzględniając także rynek nieruchomości w powiecie krakowskim. Zbiór danych pozyskanych z urzędu obejmował 52 356 transakcji, a po usunięciu pozycji z brakującymi danymi, które analizowano, uzyskano około połowę tej liczby. Analiza obejmowała pięć różnych typów nieruchomości: domy, mieszkania, działki, lokale użytkowe oraz nieruchomości zabudowane. Największa liczba transakcji na analizowanym obszarze dotyczyła działek, natomiast najmniejsza domów. W przypadku cen lokale komercyjne miały najwyższe ceny za metr kwadratowy, podczas gdy działki były najtańsze. Od marca 2020 roku, kiedy wprowadzono pierwsze obostrzenia związane z pandemią COVID-19, spadła dynamika liczby transakcji, co było widoczne w roku 2021. Pandemia nie miała natomiast wpływu na ceny nieruchomości, których trend wzrostowy nie uległ zmianie.

9

Predicting Road Accident Counts in Poland and the Czech Republic Using Neural Network Models

Gorzelańczyk Piotr, Ližbetinová Lenka, Pečman Jan

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2024

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Tom 26

603--615

EN

Every year, there is a decline in the number of car accidents reported in Poland, the Czech Republic, and globally. While recent trends due to the pandemic have influenced these figures, the overall rate remains significant. Therefore, it is crucial to take measures aimed at reducing this number. The primary focus of this article is to analyze the traffic accident statistics for Poland and the Czech Republic. Annual data regarding traffic incidents in both countries has been scrutinized to achieve this. Projections for 2024 to 2030 have been developed based on police reports. Various neural network models were utilized to forecast the number of accidents. The findings indicate that the number of traffic incidents is likely to stabilize. This stabilization can be viewed in the context of the increasing number of vehicles on the roads and the expansion of new highways. Additionally, selecting sample sizes for training, testing, and validation is crucial in influencing the results. Forecasting the number of traffic accidents is important for environmental protection, as accidents can lead to air and water pollution and increase noise, negatively affecting human health and ecosystems.

10

Blaski i cienie rynku książki

Dobrołęcki Piotr

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2024

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R. 80, nr 1

24--27

PL

Drugi rok rosyjskiej agresji na Ukrainę, wysoka inflacja, spadki kursu złotego i niełatwe do interpretowania zmiany w przepisach finansowych – wszystkie te czynniki miały w 2023 r. wpływ na polską gospodarkę, a więc też na rynek książki. Rok wcześniej obserwowaliśmy znaczący wzrost cen druku, papieru i innych materiałówpoligraficznych, co wpłynęło na wzrost kosztów produkcji książek, a w konsekwencji na wzrost ich cen detalicznych. Na statystyczne podsumowania ubiegłego roku na rynku książki musimy jeszcze poczekać, aż instytucje za to odpowiedzialne ogłoszą zebrane dane. Możemy jednak odnieść siędoroku poprzedniego, abyprzedstawićobrazo wielkości tego rynku i podstawowych tendencjach. W 2022 r. przychody wydawców europejskich wyniosły 23,9 mld EUR i w tym czasie opublikowano 575 tys. nowych tytułów, jak podsumowała Europejska Federacja Wydawców (FEP – Federation of European Publishers). W dalszym ciągu w przychodach wydawców dominują książki drukowane, a publikacje elektroniczne są dopełnieniem rynku. Nastąpiło odbicie po kryzysie covidowym, przychody wydawców wzrosły o 1,3% w stosunku do roku poprzedniego. W ogłoszonym pod koniec ubiegłego roku raporcie „Global Entertainment & Media Outlook 2023-2027”, opracowanym przez PwC Polska, prognozuje się, że przychody segmentu obejmującego gazety, czasopisma i książki będą spadać co roku o 0,4%, w tym rynek książki o 0,1%.

11

The Position of European Union Countries According to Poverty Before and After the COVID-19 Crisis

Marković Milan

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2024

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Vol. 19, no. 2

6--13

EN

The purpose of the paper is to evaluate and present the position of the European Union countries according to the poverty level before and after the COVID-19 crisis, combining five individual indicators. The GRA (Grey Relational Analysis) method was used to calculate the composite poverty indicator. To assess poverty, the study uses criteria from the official database of the European Commission and calculates the aggregate index for 2019 and 2022. All criteria in the model have the same relative importance because the method of equal weight coefficients is applied. The paper proved that the Czech Republic and Slovenia had the most favourable indicators of poverty in both periods, while Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, and Latvia occupied a critical position. In general, the countries of Southern Europe and the Baltic countries have poor poverty indicators. Compared to 2019, according to the country rankings, the poverty level is significantly higher in Finland, Germany, and Hungary, while after the pandemic, the following countries made considerable progress in reducing poverty: Poland, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Cyprus. The presented results can be useful to decision-makers at the macro level in the field of economic, social, and sustainable development policy.

PL

Celem artykułu jest ocena i przedstawienie pozycji krajów Unii Europejskiej według poziomu ubóstwa przed i po kryzysie COVID-19, łącząc pięć wskaźników indywidualnych. Do obliczenia złożonego wskaźnika ubóstwa wykorzystano metodę GRA (Grey Relational Analysis). Do oceny ubóstwa w badaniu wykorzystano kryteria z oficjalnej bazy Komisji Europejskiej oraz obliczono zagregowany wskaźnik dla lat 2019 i 2022. Wszystkie kryteria w modelu mają taką samą wagę względną, ponieważ zastosowano metodę równych współczynników wagowych. W artykule wykazano, że najkorzystniejsze wskaźniki ubóstwa w obu okresach posiadały Czechy i Słowenia, natomiast krytyczne miejsce zajmowała Grecja, Rumunia, Bułgaria i Łotwa. Ogólnie rzecz biorąc, kraje Europy Południowej i kraje bałtyckie mają słabe wskaźniki ubóstwa. W porównaniu do roku 2019, według rankingów krajowych, poziom ubóstwa jest znacząco wyższy w Finlandii, Niemczechi na Węgrzech, natomiast po pandemii znaczny postęp w ograniczaniu ubóstwa poczyniły kraje: Polska, Belgia, Luksemburg i Cypr. Zaprezentowane wyniki mogą być przydatne dla decydentów na poziomie makro w zakresie polityki gospodarczej, społecznej izrównoważonego rozwoju

12

Labour market regulation of individual countries under an applied interpretation of keynes and friedman's theories

Alishli Aynur, Alili Amil, Teymurova Vusala, Huseynov Rashad

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2024

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Vol. 29, No. 1

24--42

EN

The study intends to analyse the realities of labour market regulation in the transition economies of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia using Keynesian theory and the monetary approach. The research methods included the identification of key indicators of economic activity within the context of macroeconomic development features and comparative analysis of statistical data on economic performance and labour market development based on international databases for countries in the region. Keynesian theory and the monetary approach were incorporated into the study design to discover and reevaluate labour vulnerabilities concerning objective economic impact possibilities. The novelty of the study lies in the determination of a model of government intervention that is more adequate for the development of the labour market and human capital based on the policy experience of the countries of the EECCA region as transition economies. The result of these studies is an assessment of the economic results and state of the labour market of the countries of the region. This assessment is based on international statistical data. It suggests that the optimal model is a policy distant from the extremes of high or minimal government intervention. Additionally, the use of a high degree of financial openness of the economy in the short term is recommended as an incentive for investment and market development, labour, and its integration into the global division of labour. This would offer a thorough examination of the overall economic interactions in the employment sector in light of the country’s national features.

PL

Badanie ma na celu analizę rzeczywistości regulacji rynku pracy w gospodarkach przejściowych Europy Wschodniej, Kaukazu i Azji Środkowej z wykorzystaniem teorii keynesowskiej i podejścia monetarnego. Metody badawcze obejmowały identyfikację kluczowych wskaźników aktywności gospodarczej w kontekście cech rozwoju makroekonomicznego oraz analizę porównawczą danych statystycznych dotyczących wyników ekonomicznych i rozwoju rynku pracy na podstawie międzynarodowych baz danych dla krajów regionu. Teoria keynesowska i podejście monetarne zostały włączone do projektu badania w celu odkrycia i ponownego ocenienia wrażliwości rynku pracy w odniesieniu do obiektywnych możliwości wpływu ekonomicznego. Nowością badania jest określenie modelu interwencji rządowej, który jest bardziej adekwatny dla rozwoju rynku pracy i kapitału ludzkiego, oparty na doświadczeniach politycznych krajów regionu EECCA jako gospodarek przejściowych. Wyniki tych badań to ocena wyników gospodarczych i stanu rynku pracy krajów regionu. Ocena ta opiera się na międzynarodowych danych statystycznych i sugeruje, że optymalny model to polityka oddalona od skrajności wysokiej lub minimalnej interwencji rządowej. Dodatkowo zaleca się stosowanie wysokiego stopnia otwartości finansowej gospodarki w krótkim okresie jako bodźca do inwestycji i rozwoju rynku pracy oraz jego integracji z globalnym podziałem pracy. To pozwoli na dogłębną analizę ogólnych interakcji gospodarczych w sektorze zatrudnienia w świetle cech narodowych danego kraju.

13

Demand Changes by the SARS CoV-2 Virus Pandemic in Selected Water Supply Systems - Poland case study

Bałut Alicja, Bylka Jędrzej, Januszko Michał

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2024

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Nr 2

8--17

EN

This work presents the results of the analysis of changes in water demand for two selected water companies in Poland caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic (first wave). Literature that's been published so far has been broadly cited in this work, together with selected evidence collected worldwide. The aim of this article is to evaluate the impact of this type of event on the spatial distribution and variability in water demand using GIS software for two selected samples. The resulting geo-statistical analysis allowed to show areas of greatest variability in water demand using measurements from water meters. In order to achieve this the following research tools developed by ESRI were utilised: "Space Time Cube", "Emerging Hot Spot Analysis" and "Local Outlier Analysis". Indicators of space-time trend were calculated by category using the ArcGIS Pro software. Additionally the knowledge base was expanded with results of a survey conducted in Poland on hundreds of water utilities concerning impacts of the pandemic related changes in how they function, their financial liquidity, threats, and challenges. Interesting conclusions from the obtained results were presented and directions of future research in connection to further development of the situation in the world were considered. Given the lack of possibility to reference events of this type from the past, this analysis should be treated as an introductory research of this issue in Poland.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki analizy zmienności zapotrzebowania na wodę dla dwóch wybranych przedsiębiorstw wodociągowych w Polsce spowodowanych pandemią wirusa SARS-CoV-2 (pierwsza fala). Omówiono dotychczas opublikowaną literaturę oraz badania w tym zakresie realizowane na całym świecie. Celem artykułu jest ocena wpływu pandemii na rozkład przestrzenny i zmienność zapotrzebowania na wodę, przy wykorzystaniu oprogramowania GIS. Analizę wykonano dla dwóch jednostek osadniczych. Analiza geostatystyczna pozwoliła na wskazanie obszarów o największej zmianie zapotrzebowania na wodę, na podstawie analiza danych pomiarowych z wodomierzy. Do celu realizacji badań wykorzystano następujące narzędzia badawcze w pakiecie oprogramowania ESRI: "Space Time Cube", "Emerging Hot Spot Analysis" i "Local Outlier Analysis". Wskaźniki trendu czasoprzestrzennego obliczono według przy użyciu oprogramowania ArcGIS Pro. Dodatkowo baza wiedzy została poszerzona o wyniki badania przeprowadzonego w Polsce wśród setek przedsiębiorstw wodociągowych, na temat skutków zmian związanych z pandemią na ich funkcjonowanie, płynność finansową oraz zagrożenia i wyzwania związane z tego typu zjawiskami. Zaprezentowano ciekawe wnioski z uzyskanych wyników oraz rozważono kierunki przyszłych badań, w związku z dalszym rozwojem sytuacji na świecie. Ze względu na brak możliwości odniesienia się do tego typu wydarzeń z przeszłości, niniejszą analizę należy traktować jako wstępne badania tego zagadnienia w Polsce.

14

The changes in the approach to the realization of "Green Deal" goals of Polish large and medium-sized road carriers as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic

Letkiewicz Andrzej, Majecka Beata, Ławreszuk Małgorzata

Economics and Environment

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2024

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No. 2

art. no. 762

EN

The purpose of the article is to show changes in the operation of Polish large and medium-sized road carriers in the context of the EU's pro-environmental requirements contained in the Green Deal in the post-pandemic period. The decline in the number of transport orders resulting from the general slowdown in the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic undoubtedly had an impact on the turnover of road carriers and, consequently, on funding for investment projects, including environmentally friendly investments. Verifying the magnitude and direction of such changes seems a much-needed aspect of the research in the context of the Green Deal's unchanging high demands. The research that was conducted shows the impact of the pandemic on the investment decisions and activities of transport companies and the reality of post-pandemic transport. The practical application of the research results is very useful, primarily as guidance for road carriers in the context of Green Deal.

PL

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie zmian w funkcjonowaniu polskich dużych i średnich przewoźników drogowych w kontekście wymogów prośrodowiskowych UE zawartych w Zielonym Ładzie w okresie postpandemicznym. Spadek liczby zleceń transportowych wynikający z ogólnego spowolnienia gospodarki w czasie pandemii Covid-19 niewątpliwie wpłynął na obroty przewoźników drogowych, a w konsekwencji na finansowanie projektów inwestycyjnych, w tym inwestycji przyjaznych środowisku. Weryfikacja skali i kierunku tych zmian wydaje się bardzo potrzebnym aspektem badań w kontekście niezmiennie wysokich wymagań Zielonego Ładu. Przeprowadzone badania pokazują wpływ pandemii na decyzje inwestycyjne i działalność firm transportowych oraz postpandemiczną rzeczywistość w transporcie. Praktyczne zastosowanie wyników badań jest bardzo przydatne, przede wszystkim jako wytyczne dla przewoźników drogowych w kontekście Zielonego Ładu.

15

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the secondary market of real estates. A case study

Słonina Andżelika, Krzyżek Robert, De Paola Pierfrancesco, Maciuk Kamil

Budownictwo i Architektura

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2024

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Vol. 23, no. 1

5--12

EN

The topic of the paper is the analysis of the situation in the secondary real estate market in Krakow from 2017 to 2020. The research was conducted based on data obtained from the register of real estate prices and values. The results of the research helped detect changes occurring in the indicated years; the number of transactions in the housing market in the city oscillated around the value of 4,000 for each year. The high demand for real estate was significantly disrupted by 2020 and the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite an almost 50% drop in the number of transactions and reduced interest from potential buyers, the price of 1m2 of residential space rose steadily. Thus, the pandemic only affected the number of transactions, while no deceleration of the rising trend was observed in terms of the average transaction price or the average price per square meter.

PL

Tematem pracy jest analiza sytuacji na rynku wtórnym nieruchomości w Krakowie w latach 2017- 2020. Badania przeprowadzono na podstawie danych uzyskanych z rejestru cen i wartości nieruchomości. Wyniki badań pomogły wykryć zmiany zachodzące we wskazanych latach; liczba transakcji na rynku mieszkaniowym w mieście oscylowała wokół wartości 4000 dla każdego roku. Wysokie zapotrzebowanie na nieruchomości zostało znacząco zakłócone w 2020 roku w wyniku wybuchu pandemii COVID-19. Pomimo prawie 50% spadku liczby transakcji i zmniejszonego zainteresowania ze strony potencjalnych kupujących, cena 1m2 powierzchni mieszkalnej stale rosła. W związku z tym pandemia wpłynęła tylko na liczbę transakcji, natomiast nie zaobserwowano spowolnienia rosnącego trendu w zakresie średniej ceny transakcji czy średniej ceny za metr kwadratowy.

16

Effect of Curvature Shape of Transparent COVID-19 Protective Face Shields on the Speech Signal

Bjelić Miloš, Mijić Miomir, Miljković Tatjana, Šumarac Pavlović Dragana

Archives of Acoustics

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2024

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Vol. 49, nr 1

27--35

EN

Recent papers and studies over the course of last three years have shown that COVID-19 has a negative impact on the speech communication quality between people. This paper presents an influence analysis of the curvature shape of protective transparent shields on the speech signal. Five shields made of the same material and dimensions but with different curvatures were analyzed, from a completely flat to a very curved shield which has the same shape of curvature at its top and bottom and covers the entire face. The influence of the shield is analyzed with two types of experiments – one using dummy head with integrated artificial voice device, and the other using real speakers (female and male actors). It has been shown that usage of protective shields results in a relative increase in the speech signal level, in the frequency range of around 1000 Hz, compared to the situation when protective shields are not used. The relative increase in speech signal levels for large-curvature shields can be up to 8 dB. The possible causes of this phenomenon have been analyzed and examined.

17

How CIs can Tackle Future Pandemics. A Multi-Domain Approach to Improve CI Resilience

Schauer Stefan, Egger Manuel, Kesselbacher-Pirker Max, Rodiah Isti, Horvadovska Olga, Lange Berit, FRM Fauster Norman, Zenz Hannes, Kimmich Christian

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2024

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Vol. 39

53--60

EN

In this paper, we present an integrated approach that combines data and information sources from different domains to better capture the potential effects of a pandemic and to improve preparedness of critical infrastructures and decision makers in the future. This approach not only takes epidemiological data on a pathogen into account but also allows to simulate the cascading effects of the pandemic itself as well as the mitigation measures might have on the operation of CIs from various domains and, consequently, on the well-being of the society. Additionally, these effects can influence the operational capacity and economic well-being of CIs. Hence, the approach also projects the possible economic effects, i.e., monetary costs, a future pandemic might impose on society, including wide-ranging counter measures such as school closures or lock-downs.

18

The use of neural networks to forecast the number of road accidents in Poland

Gorzelańczyk Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 118

45--54

EN

Every year, a large number of traffic accidents occur on Polish roads. However, the pandemic of recent years has reduced the number of these accidents, although the number is still very high. For this reason, all measures should be taken to reduce this number. This article aims to forecast the number of road accidents in Poland. Thus, using Statistica software, the annual data on the number of road accidents in Poland were analyzed. Based on actual past data, a forecast was made for the future, for the period 2022-2040. Forecasting the number of accidents in Poland was conducted using selected neural network models. The results show that a reduction in the number of traffic accidents is likely. The choice of the number of random samples (learning, testing and validation) affects the results obtained.

19

Analysis of possible modification of transport aircraft to medevac in the Czech Republic

Kozuba Jarosław, Piła Jan, Martinec František

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 118

109--121

EN

With a growing number of coronavirus patients worldwide, military and civilian transport aircraft are increasingly being used for civilian medical evacuation duties (MEDEVAC) on time-critical flights. This article deals with the possibility of converting an aircraft fleet in the Czech Republic to MEDEVAC. The indication for the analysis of the possibility of transforming transport aircraft was the past and current pandemic situation in the Czech Republic. The main research question is how to implement the modification of a selected airline of the Czech Republic to MEDEVAC. An analysis of the technical data of selected aircraft from Airbus and Boeing was used to investigate this problem. Further, an analysis of the medical equipment required for the MEDEVAC aircraft category was also performed using equipment manufactured in the Czech Republic. The results obtained by the analysis and spatial arrangement of the aircraft deck for the transport of patients with medical equipment confirmed the possibility of such a transformation within the Czech Republic. We consider it important to elaborate on a project that would solve, in detail, all the steps of the conversion of a transport aircraft to MEDEVAC.

20

Airport as a factor shaping the socio-economic situation in the municipality in a changing reality

Piotrowska-Trybull Marzena, Kozuba Jarosław, Sirko Stanisław

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 121

167--188

EN

Airports, as a component of air transport, combine air transport with other modes of transport to strengthen the transportation accessibility of a place in space, attract investors, and stimulate the development of the area. Taking into account that these issues are less exposed in relation to their immediate surroundings, research was undertaken to determine how representatives of the authorities and residents of communes (taking into account the nature of the communes and the size and location of the airport) perceive airports, located within their communes, in the context of their impact on the socio-economic situation in the communes. This was achieved by analysing the communes' strategic documents and data on the operation of communes and airports from 2016 to 2021. These data were obtained from the Civil Aviation Authority, the Central Statistical Office, the International Air Transport Association, and the International Airports Council. In an effort to better understand the relationship between the airport and the commune in which it is located, poll research was carried out using survey and interview techniques. The research focused on 10 airports spread across Poland. A total of 1,200 surveys were conducted among residents of communes, and 10 interviews were conducted with representatives of local governments and the port. To analyse the collected data and present the results, Statistica v.13.3 and R/RStudio software were used.