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1

Green Economy, Trade, and Consumers – Interactions in European Green Transition

Dushkova Miglena, Kostov Ivo

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 2

25--48

EN

This article presents a current and significant problem by exploring the main problems of the European Green Transition; the authors discuss these in two aspects: first, the goals of the Green Transition as one of the European Union’s strategic priorities – the goals, achievements, and possible risks that face the European Union’s green policies are discussed. The second aspect of the study is the authors’ attempt to reveal and comment on the role of trade and consumers as a tool that works in favor of the Green Transition – specifically, those that are included in European Union documents such as the Green Deal and the Circular Economy Action Plan. The definition of the problem is based on the understanding that, on the one hand, trade as an economic sector is developing most dynamically and on a large scale, making Sector G the largest set of enterprises among all of the sectors that carry out economic activities in the EU (including Bulgaria). On the other hand, trade as a business activity is closely linked to consumers; it actively interacts with them and, therefore, has a significant impact on their behaviors (including their impact on the environment). In practice, it is impossible to achieve the green goals without the connection and interaction “trade-consumers”; in addition to being aimed at achieving a modern, resource-efficient, and competitive EU economy, these reflect the Union’s aspiration to protect its people’s health and increase their collective well-being.

2

Green supply chain and green logistics: a bibliometric identification of key research areas

Kozar Łukasz Jarosław, Wodnicka Monika, Chomicz Gabriela, Jaksik Daniel, Śmietana Kacper Szymon

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 203

189--207

EN

Purpose: The aim of the research is to identify the most frequently undertaken research areas in scientific publications addressing the issues of green supply chain and green logistics simultaneously. Design/methodology/approach: The study was planned and carried out in the period from April to August 2024. The analyzed research areas were expressed through author keywords, which were assigned to individual scientific publications through their authors. The multi-stage research process used two methods for bibliometric research (systematic literature review and classical literature review). Author keywords assigned to 111 precisely selected scientific publications were analyzed. Findings: Nine of the most frequently addressed research areas in scientific publications that simultaneously addressed green supply chain and green logistics were identified. In terms of as many as three identified research areas, there was a direct reference to the supply chain (green supply chain, green supply chain management, supply chain management). In turn, in two areas there was a reference to sustainability issues (environmental sustainability, sustainability). In addition, the issue of reverse logistics was identified as a key research area and at the same time corresponding to the issue of green logistics. Research limitations/implications: An important factor limiting the study was the choice of database for bibliometric analyses (Scopus database). In addition, the scope of the analyses undertaken was limited to the constructed bibliometric query (Q1). However, both aspects indicated simultaneously made it possible to obtain precise and consistent results of the analyses. Moreover, it becomes possible to repeat the study in the future and compare it with other constructed studies aimed at literature review. Originality/value: The study, compared to other such bibliometric analyses, is distinguished by the syntax of the constructed query. In addition, it was noted that research should be undertaken in learning more about the role and importance of logistics and supply chain greening for emerging green business ecosystems. Other relevant areas are the question of green job creation due to the greening of supply chains, or how the green skills gap affects the process of green supply chain and green logistics. The article is addressed to anyone interested in issues related to green supply chain and green logistics.

3

Exposing greenwashing: a catalyst for green economy development

Kozar Łukasz Jarosław, Bolimowski Szymon

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 197

365--385

EN

Purpose: Two closely related research objectives have been constructed, aimed at exploring scientific studies dealing simultaneously with the issues of greenwashing and the green economy. The first objective is to identify the most frequently undertaken research areas in the indicated area. While the second objective of the study is to identify the green research areas highlighted by researchers through the author's keywords. Design/methodology/approach: The study used two research methods (systematic literature review and classical literature review). The bibliometric queries created allowed the exploration of two databases (Scopus and Web of Science). The result of the exploration carried out in the research procedure was the selection for analysis of 37 scientific papers that simultaneously dealt with the issues of greenwashing and the green economy. Findings: The analyses carried out showed that the issue addressed is a relatively new research area, and thus further development of research in this area can be expected in the future. Conclusions of the analysis lead to the conclusion that greenwashing is a very unfavorable phenomenon that contributes to the problem of correct verification of the scale of greening the economy. Hence the need to expose this type of practice. Research limitations/implications: Conducting research based on other databases can lead to different results in terms of the green research areas identified. This issue is because the various bibliometric databases do not overlap. The indicated aspect is shown in the article by presenting the issue of Scopus and Web of Science databases. In the study, however, universal bibliometric queries were used. They can be applied to various bibliometric databases after their proper syntactic adjustment. The queries used (Q1 and Q2) can be reused in the future for comparative purposes of changes over time. Originality/value: Promising future research directions around greenwashing and the green economy were identified. Such areas could be, especially, the question of the impact of greenwashing practices on the creation of quality green jobs, or the issue of the green skills gap. The article is aimed primarily at researchers addressing the issues of greenwashing and the green economy in their deliberations.

4

15-minute city: identifying current and setting future research directions

Kozar Łukasz Jarosław, Matusiak Małgorzata, Bolimowski Szymon

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 197

387--405

EN

Purpose: The main aim of the research was to identify the most common research areas in scientific publications addressing the issue of the 15-minute city, which were expressed by researchers of the concept through the author's keywords. An additional aim of the analyses undertaken was to identify key green research areas in the scientific studies analyzed. Design/methodology/approach: The study was planned and conducted from November 2023 to May 2024. To achieve the aims of the study, the method of systematic literature review and classical literature review was used. 126 scientific publications were analyzed. Findings: The analyses conducted showed that the issue of the 15-minute city is a relatively new and still area-evolving research concept. Numerous research threads are raised around this issue. Nonetheless, the most frequently discussed issue is the proximity and accessibility to city residents of facilities with social functions, which are defined as essential or basic. Even though green issues have been discussed in most of the scientific publications analyzed (mainly the issue of green spaces, green areas, and green zones), issues that can be directly linked to the issue of the green economy have been a marginal research thread. Research limitations/implications: The study is limited by the choice of the database for bibliometric analysis (Scopus database) and the content of the bibliometric query. Hence, the same study based on a different database may result in different results (a problem further described in the article). The Q1 bibliometric query can be repeated in the future or applied to other databases (provided the record is adjusted). Thus, the study is reproducible and can provide a point of comparison for other researchers of the 15-minute city in the future. Originality/value: Directions for future research at the intersection of the 15-minute city concept and green economy issues were proposed. In terms of this issue, among other things, the research issue of green jobs (one of the key pillars of the green labor market) was highlighted. In addition, it was pointed out that the concept of the 15-minute city applied in practice can stimulate the formation of a green business ecosystem in cities. The article is addressed to anyone interested in the issues of the 15-minute city.

5

Using the Composite EEPSE Green Economy Index to Assess the Progress of Emerging Economies in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals

Stanković Sunčica, Ilić Biljana, Rabrenović Mihajlo

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2024

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Vol. 19, no. 1

78--88

EN

As a concept, the green economy refers to the transition from coal to renewable energy sources to reduce pollution, the energy efficiency of production processes to achieve savings, the reuse of materials from waste in business and energy production, changes designed to stop harmful climate change and bring new opportunities for economic development. In this way, conflicts between economic development and environmental issues are resolved, with the aim of achieving sustainability of the economy and society. The aim of the study is to provide a comparative analysis of the level of development of the green economy in selected 20 emerging economies and their progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from the 2030 Agenda using the EEPSE Green Economy Index (EEPSE GEI), based on Quintuple Helix Innovation Model (QHIM), and examine the interdependence between each of the 5 subsystems (quality of education system, economic aspects, political system, civil society, and natural environment) with this index. The results indicate that among the group of countries observed, Estonia is the best performer, while Egypt has the lowest performance. The results, also, indicate the important role of each of the subsystems in EEPSE GEI. The study can be useful for policy makers to identify weaknesses in achieving the SDGs.

PL

Jako koncepcja, zielona gospodarka odnosi się do przejścia z węgla na odnawialne źródła energii w celu ograniczenia zanieczyszczeń, efektywności energetycznej procesów produkcyjnych w celu osiągnięcia oszczędności, ponownego wykorzystania materiałów z odpadów w biznesie i produkcji energii, zmian mających na celu zatrzymać szkodliwe zmiany klimatyczne i stworzyć nowe możliwości rozwoju gospodarczego. W ten sposób rozwiązywane są konflikty pomiędzy rozwojem gospodarczym a kwestiami środowiskowymi, umożliwiając osiągnięcie zrównoważonego rozwoju gospodarki i społeczeństwa. Celem artykułu jest dokonanie analizy porównawczej poziomu rozwoju zielonej gospodarki w wybranych 20 gospodarkach rozwijających się oraz ich postępu w realizacji Celów zrównoważonego rozwoju (SDGs) wynikających z Agendy 2030 z wykorzystaniem Indeksu Zielonej Gospodarki EEPSE (EEPSE GEI), w oparciu o Model Innowacji Pięciokrotnej Helisy (QHIM) i bada współzależność pomiędzy każdym z 5 podsystemów (jakość systemu edukacji, aspekty ekonomiczne, system polityczny, społeczeństwo obywatelskie i środowisko naturalne) za pomocą tego indeksu. Wyniki wskazują, że wśród obserwowanej grupy krajów najlepiej radzi sobie Estonia, a najgorzej Egipt. Wyniki wskazują także na ważną rolę każdego z podsystemów w EEPSE GEI. Badanie może być przydatne dla decydentów w celu zidentyfikowania słabych punktów w osiąganiu Celów zrównoważonego rozwoju.

6

SWOT Analysis of the Sustainable Development Concept

Drastichová Magdaléna

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2024

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Vol. 19, no. 1

6--30

EN

Sustainability, a nebulous but attractive concept, poses an essential question for every activity – if it can continue. The concept of sustainability is broad, and it is also often used interchangeably with the concept of sustainable development (SD). These two concepts are analyzed in their interrelations and in relation to the concepts of the green economy (GE) and green growth (GG). The aim of the work is to define and clarify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the concept of SD in its interrelation with sustainability. The focus is also on the possibilities of their practical application, with the aim of sustaining or increasing wellbeing and quality of life within ecological limits. The concepts of SD and sustainability are regarded as fundamental notions and as a basic philosophy in relation to which the remaining concepts are analysed. Efforts were also made to clarify the most crucial relations of the transformation discourses to SD. The use of the concepts as a basic philosophy, including the balance of the three pillars of sustainability/SD, are the main strengths identified. Important opportunities arise from exploiting these strengths and moving closer towards the aims of SD, which include quality of life and wellbeing. With the goal of sustaining sources of wellbeing for people, opportunities for crucial practical applications and methods of measurement of SD, including the development of sustainability science, are identified.

PL

Zrównoważony rozwój, mglista, ale atrakcyjna koncepcja, stawia istotne pytanie w przypadku każdej działalności – czy może być kontynuowana. Pojęcie zrównoważoności jest szerokie i często stosowane jest zamiennie z pojęciem zrównoważonego rozwoju (ZR). Te dwie koncepcje analizowane są w ich wzajemnych powiązaniach oraz w odniesieniu do koncepcji zielonej gospodarki i zielonego wzrostu. Celem artykułu jest zdefiniowanie i wyjaśnienie mocnych i słabych stron, szans i zagrożeń koncepcji ZR w jej powiązaniu ze zrównoważonością. Nacisk położony jest także na możliwości ich praktycznego zastosowania, w celu utrzymania lub zwiększenia dobrostanu i jakości życia w granicach wyznaczanych przez środowisko. Pojęcia SD i zrównoważoności uważane są za podstawowe i podstawową filozofię, w odniesieniu do której analizowane są pozostałe koncepcje. Podjęto także próbę wyjaśnienia relacji najważniejszych dla SD dyskursów transformacyjnych. Do głównych zidentyfikowanych mocnych stron należy wykorzystanie tych koncepcji jako podstawowej filozofii, uwzględniającej postulat równowagi trzech filarów zrównoważonego rozwoju/zrównoważoności. Wykorzystanie tych mocnych stron i zbliżenie się do celów zrównoważonego rozwoju, które obejmują jakość życia i dobrostan, stwarza ważne możliwości. Mając na celu utrzymanie źródeł dobrostanu ludzi, identyfikuje się możliwości kluczowych zastosowań praktycznych i metod pomiaru zrównoważonego rozwoju, w tym rozwój nauki o zrównoważoności.

7

The influence of non-woven fabric on the initial development of plants growing on difficult-to-sod river embankment surfaces

Kacorzyk Piotr, Mirosław Kasperczyk, Wiśniowska-Kielian Barbara, Szewczyk Wojciech, Lepiarczyk Andrzej, Strojny Jacek, Wargala Eliza

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 63

102--111

EN

The aim of the study was to improve the habitat conditions in the initial development of a grass-legume mixture sown in the reconstructed river embankments along the Uszwica River in Kwików and the Vistula River in Kraków, Poland. For this purpose, after sowing the seeds, NPK fertilisation was used, along with the application of a hydrogel to limit the evaporation of water from the soil. Additionally, a non-woven fabric was used to cover the soil. The study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, polymeric and five biodegradable non-woven fabrics were evaluated in laboratory conditions for their water absorption and retention capabilities. After this assessment, two biodegradable and one polymeric non-woven fabrics were selected for the second stage of field research. A grass-legume mixture consisting of five species of seeds: Lolium perenne L., Poa pratensis L., Festuca rubra L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Trifolium repens L. was used for sowing the embankments. This study takes into account the concept of green economy aimed at addressing the challenges of securing difficult terrains, such as river embankments. The non-woven fabrics used to cover the soil had a positive effect on the initial development of plants, accelerating their emergence, and the degree of soil coverage. After two months post-sowing, the soil surface coverage under the non-woven fabrics was 50% higher compared to areas without such coverage. However, the type of non-woven fabrics and the hydrogel used did not have a significant impact on the initial development of seedlings.

8

Production and Use of Biogas and Biomethane from Waste for Climate Neutrality and Development of Green Economy

Honcharuk Inna, Tokarchuk Dina, Gontaruk Yaroslav, Kolomiiets Tetiana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 2

20--32

EN

The following article provides an analysis of the current state and potential development of biogas and biomethane production, and their significance in promoting a "green" economy. The main areas of "green" economy focus were identified as the development of alternative energy sources, an effective waste management system with recycling, organic agriculture, improved water resource and ecosystem management, sustainable ("green") transport, as well as increased energy efficiency in housing and communal sectors. It was shown that the production and use of biogas/biomethane can contribute to achieving almost all of these goals, while also ensuring climate neutrality. Analysis of European experience in using waste for biogas/biomethane production reveals a steady trend in the development of industry. This growth has become particularly relevant following the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, which has also impacted the European energy market. The report assessed the Ukraine's potential for biogas/biomethane production from organic waste of various origins, highlighting its importance in addressing energy supply issues, both in times of peace as well as during the periods of martial law and energy system destruction. Successful biogas production cases in Ukraine were also analyzed, demonstrating that some enterprises are equipped to produce biogas and biomethane. The research findings were used to develop the recommendations for Ukrainian manufacturers on effective biogas production to expedite the transition towards a climate-neutral, "green" economy.

9

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the air quality of polish cities – challenges for managers

Hajduk-Stelmachowicz Marzena, Bełch Paulina, Szczygieł Elżbieta, Fura Barbara, Frankiewicz Michał Piotr

Economics and Environment

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2024

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No. 3

art. no. 784

EN

This article aimed to investigate the coronavirus pandemic's impact on air quality in Poland. The study used data from 2015–2023 from measurement stations located in five large Polish cities with different geographical locations. The data concerned particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). On the basis of the statistical analyses performed, a decrease in the amount of all types of pollutants was found in 2020, with a reduction in the concentration of NOx being statistically significant only for two of the three cities studied (Kraków and Wrocław). It was concluded that the restrictions introduced in relation to the SARS-CoV-2 virus may have contributed to an improvement in air quality in Polish cities compared to previous years.

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu było zbadanie wpływu pandemii koronawirusa na jakość powietrza w Polsce. W badaniu wykorzystano dane z lat 2015-2023 ze stacji pomiarowych zlokalizowanych w pięciu dużych polskich miastach o różnym położeniu geograficznym. Dane dotyczyły pyłu zawieszonego (PM2.5, PM10) oraz tlenków azotu (NOx). Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz statystycznych stwierdzono spadek ilości wszystkich rodzajów zanieczyszczeń w 2020 r., przy czym redukcja stężenia tlenków azotu była istotna statystycznie tylko dla dwóch z trzech badanych miast (Krakowa i Wrocławia). Stwierdzono, że wprowadzone ograniczenia związane z wirusem SARS-CoV-2 mogły przyczynić się do poprawy jakości powietrza w polskich miastach względem lat wcześniejszych.

10

Development of the green policy strategies of enterprises: а decent work

Yakymchuk Alina, Rataj Małgorzata

Economics and Environment

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2024

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No. 2

art. no. 752

EN

This research examines the symbiotic relationship between the creation of green jobs within enterprises, economic growth, and the consequential reduction in CO2 emissions. It delves into the multifaceted advantages derived from integrating sustainable employment practices within businesses, emphasising their substantial contribution to fostering economic prosperity while concurrently mitigating adverse CO2 emissions. The main goals of this article are as follows: to study the experience of developed countries regarding the costs of their sustainable development strategies and the effects that have been achieved; generalise the main tools for ensuring decent work on the example of large companies, evaluate the relationship between reducing nitrogen dioxide emissions and providing green jobs. A comparison of financial instruments for maintaining green workplaces at enterprises in developed countries (USA, Norway, China, Germany, Sweden, and Poland) has been made. CO2 emissions reduction strategies, expenditure, funding, financing, and green jobs by countries have been analyzed. By investing in green initiatives and restructuring operational frameworks to prioritise sustainability, enterprises actively mitigate their carbon footprint, ultimately contributing to a greener and more environmentally conscious business landscape. This comprehensive study explores recent advancements in green job creation and renewable energy development in different countries of the world. The strategies of reducing CO₂ emissions by such companies as IKEA, Google, Unilever, and Tesla show not only positively impact the environment but can also be profitable for their businesses and guarantee decent work for their employees.

PL

W niniejszym badaniu przeanalizowano symbiotyczny związek pomiędzy tworzeniem zielonych miejsc pracy w przedsiębiorstwach, wzrostem gospodarczym i wynikającą z tego redukcją emisji CO2. Przedstawiono wieloaspektowe korzyści wynikające z integracji praktyk zrównoważonego zatrudnienia w przedsiębiorstwach, podkreślając ich istotny wkład we wspieranie dobrobytu gospodarczego przy jednoczesnym łagodzeniu niekorzystnych emisji CO2. Główne cele artykułu to prze-analizowanie doświadczeń krajów rozwiniętych w zakresie kosztów ich strategii zrównoważonego rozwoju i uzyskanych efektów na przykładzie dużych przedsiębiorstw, oceniono związek pomiędzy redukcją emisji dwutlenku azotu a zapewnieniem zielonych miejsc pracy. Dokonano porównania instrumentów finansowych utrzymania zielonych miejsc pracy w przedsiębiorstwach krajów rozwiniętych (USA, Norwegia, Chiny, Niemcy, Szwecja i Polska). Przeanalizowano strategie redukcji emisji CO2oraz związane z tym wydatki. Inwestując w ekologiczne inicjatywy i restrukturyzując ramy operacyjne w celu priorytetowego traktowania zrównoważonego rozwoju, przedsiębiorstwa aktywnie ograniczają swój ślad węglowy, ostatecznie przyczyniając się do tworzenia bardziej ekologicznego i bardziej świadomego środowiskowo krajobrazu biznesowego. To kompleksowe badanie analizuje najnowsze postępy w tworzeniu zielonych miejsc pracy i rozwoju energii odnawialnej. Strategie ograniczania emisji CO2 stosowane przez takie firmy jak IKEA, Google, Unilever czy Tesla pokazują, że nie tylko pozytywnie wpływają na środowisko, ale mogą być także opłacalne dla ich przedsiębiorstw i gwarantować godną pracę pracownikom.

11

Regional diversity of the environmental quality of life in Poland

Bąk Iwona

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 168

81--93

EN

Purpose: The paper aims to assess the variation in the environmental quality of life in Poland's voivodships in 2021. The study uses indicators to monitor the links between the natural environment and society. They indicate how environmental conditions affect the quality of life and well-being of the population. Design/methodology/approach: The study used one of the taxonomic methods - the TOPSIS method, based on which the voivodships were divided into four classes characterised by similar levels of environmental quality of life. Findings: The study results showed that Podkarpackie, Lubuskie, Małopolskie and Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodships, characterised by high natural values and relatively low environmental impact ratios compared to other voivodships and the national average, were in the best group due to the environmental quality of life. The last places belonged to the Pomorskie, Opolskie, Łódzkie and Śląskie Voivodships. Most of them are industrial, which means that the indicators of environmental impact, especially air pollution and collected waste, are relatively high and exceed the national average. Social implications: The research results presented in the article may be useful for the diagnosis of current results and the revision of the environmental policy of the entire country as well as their individual regions in the future. Originality/value: The article fits into contemporary debates on the effectiveness of implementing the concept of green economy as a tool for sustainable development.

12

Challenges in the area of green economy and green transformation in regard to the development of environmental technologies

Jąderko-Skubis Karolina, Zawartka Paweł, Kruczek Mariusz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

|

2023

|

z. 175

193--214

EN

Purpose: The research objective of this paper was to define the lines of the environmental technologies development in the context of the transformation of the economy towards green growth. The discussion focuses on the challenges accompanying the transformation processes and the implementation of sustainable technological changes. The research results allowed identifying the prospective lines of technological development regarding the transformation towards green growth as well as the future research areas. Design/methodology/approach: The study was based on the analysis of the development trends strictly connected with environmental technologies. The adopted methodology involved a comprehensive literature review and quantitative research using the CAWI technique combined with complementary qualitative research using an expert panel. Findings: The analyses allowed distinguishing the most important trends and placing them within the process of the Silesia Province green transformation. The dominating importance was attributed to energy generation, storage and decarbonization (CCS and CCU) technologies. Research limitations/implications: The paper highlights the green transformation issues and the technological changes within the transition process while searching for a model approach enabling to delineate the development determining factors, especially environmental technologies. Practical implications: The study results can be used to formulate development scenarios and conduct analyses that involve these green economy components which determine the development of chosen technological areas. Originality/value: In the coming years, green economy will constitute a significant area of regional and international development incorporating resource management, RES, energy and material efficiency, clean technologies, CSR, biodiversity protection or the models of sustainable consumption and production. However, there is no research on how green economy is to be implemented in areas undergoing transformation, particularly, which technologies and factors should be considered. The identification of the challenges concerning the transition towards green economy and environmental technologies may prove critical for the Silesia Province, a region heavily affected by transformation processes, to formulate its 2030 Green Silesia Strategy and the development of its regional specialization.

13

Green bonds as the driving force of environmental performance – the European perspective

Janik Bogna, Maruszewska Katarzyna

Economics and Environment

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2023

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No. 4

1--19

EN

This paper identifies regions with high environmental performance by assessing the size of green bond issuance in European countries from a cause-and-effect perspective. Cluster analysis and descriptive statistics were used to meet this research objective. The research subject was the size of green bond issuance, understood as the driving force for the green economy in European countries. The main findings of the research show a strong correlation between the size of green bond issuance and environmental performance. Due to limited access to source data, the analysis of green sources of financing was restricted only to the size of green bond issuance, excluding other funding sources. Identifying the regions with high environmental performance and high value of green bond issuance will allow for an effective support plan for pro-ecological actions by using soft and complex tools of green policy, bearing in mind existing limitations, too. This approach determines groups of countries that share similar features, i.e., the ones that take advantage of green projects financed by the issuance of green bonds and simultaneously have a high environmental performance index.

PL

Celem badania jest wskazanie regionów, gdzie efektywność środowiskowa jest wysoka poprzez przyczynowo-skutkowe podejście do oceny wielkości emisji zielonych obligacji w krajach europejskich. Do realizacji celu badania wykorzystano analizę treści i opisowe metody statystyczne. Przedmiotem badań była wielkość emisji zielonych obligacji rozumiana jako jedna z sił napędowych zielonej gospodarki w krajach europejskich. Rezultaty badania wykazują silną zależność pomiędzy wielkością emisji zielonych obligacji a efektywnością środowiskową. Ze względu na ograniczony dostęp do danych źródłowych, analiza zielonych źródeł finansowania została zawężona tylko do wielkości emisji zielonych obligacji z pominięciem innych źródeł finansowania. Identyfikacja regionów o wysokiej efektywności środowiskowej i wysokiej wartości emisji zielonych obligacji pozwoli na skuteczne planowanie wspierania działań proekologicznych, poprzez wykorzystanie miękkich i twardych narzędzi polityki środowiskowej, mając na uwadze także istniejące ograniczenia. Podejście takie wskazuje grupy krajów o zbliżonych cechach, korzystających z zielonych projektów finansowanych przez emisję zielonych obligacji i jednocześnie mających wysoki wskaźnik efektywności środowiskowej.

14

Assessment of the spatial disparities of the green economy in the voivodeships of Poland in 2010-2020

Dziekański Paweł, Popławski Łukasz, Wyszkowski Adam, Wrońska Magdalena

Economics and Environment

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2023

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No. 4

1--17

EN

The development of a green economy in a situation of resource scarcity, global climate change, and environmental degradation means entering a new path of socio-economic development that will more effectively implement the goals of sustainable development. The level of its regional polarisation is stimulated by demographic, natural and technological, economic and social factors. The aim of the research was to identify and assess the level of regional polarisation in terms of the development of the green economy in voivodeships in Poland using a synthetic measure. The basis for the analysis was a set of substantively and statistically analysed diagnostic variables from 2010-2020 available in Statistics Poland. The result of the analysis was the presentation of regional polarisation and the ordering of voivodeships in Poland in 2010-2020 in terms of the synthetic measure - green economy. The green economy of voivodeships should be built based on available endogenous resources, as well as planning and organisational solutions specific to the voivodeship. The use of a synthetic measure to assess activities in the area of the green economy makes it possible to evaluate the effects, as well as to take corrective measures of the voivodeships' in this area.

PL

Rozwój zielonej gospodarki, w sytuacji niedoboru zasobów, globalnych zmian klimatycznych, degradacji środowiska, oznacza wejście na nową ścieżkę rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego w bardziej efektywny sposób realizującego cele zrównoważonego rozwoju. Poziom jej polaryzacji regionalnej stymulowany jest przez czynniki demograficzne, przyrodnicze i technologiczne, gospodarczo-społeczne. Celem badań była identyfikacja i ocena poziomu polaryzacji regionalnej pod względem rozwoju zielonej gospodarki w województwach w Polsce za pomocą miernika syntetycznego. Podstawą przeprowadzonej analizy był zestaw merytorycznie i statystycznie przeanalizowanych zmiennych diagnostycznych z lat 2010-2020 dostępnych w ramach Statistics Poland. Efektem analizy była prezentacja polaryzacji regionalnej oraz porządkowanie województw w Polsce w latach 2010-2020 pod względem miary syntetycznej – zielonej gospodarki. Zielona gospodarka województw powinna być budowana w oparciu o dostępne zasoby endogeniczne, a także charakterystyczne dla województwa rozwiązania planistyczne i organizacyjne. Zastosowanie syntetycznego miernika do oceny działań w obszarze zielonej gospodarki pozwala na ocenę efektów, a także podjęcie działań naprawczych województw w tym zakresie.

15

Modelling the System of Integrated Energy-Environmental Business Management Using International Standards

Majerník Milan, Daneshjo Naqib, Malega Peter, Hrinko Ján

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 6

127--134

EN

Today, the business practice in a globalized environment is characterized mainly by the energy crisis and environmental-safety aspects, impacts as well as risks of the sustainability of its production in the context of further socio-economic development. Organizations in this context are looking for more efficient and sustainable ways to manage the green growth of their activities, processes and production as such. The research conducted by the authors so far points to a strong connection in the optimization of energy and environmental aspects of corporate production, both from the point of view of their intervention links and the necessity of a standard management system. As part of this research, standardized globally recognized concepts, guidelines and models for production energy management, especially ISO50001, ISO50006, ISO50015, and for environmental management ISO14001, respectively were identified and analysed more deeply. EMASIII, ISO14045, ISO14051, from the point of view of the possibility of their merger and subsequent IMS certification, were built in the organization according to an innovative model. The HLS structure of the key elements of the IMS was designed, supplemented by standards to support the process of the system by using indicators of energy and environmental management and their connection to indicators of sustainable production and its green growth.

16

Pszczyna poviat in the perspective of a green economy. Case study in well-being and living research

Marszowski Ryszard, Kucharski Piotr, Pilch Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 157

345--362

EN

Purpose: light of the research results presented in this article, the research results respond to the need to create the best conditions for the development of green economy in the Pszczyna poviat in the new perspectives of economic transformation based on one's own potential. Design/methodology: the research results presented in the article were obtained on the basis of a random-quota sample of 100 small, medium, large and large enterprises running his business activity in the area of the Pszczyna poviat. The respondents to the research were only people who own the enterprise or are responsible for its key directions of development. Findings: in the perspective of the conducted research, it seems that the decisive factors contributing to the vision of a green economy in the Pszczyna poviat – in a dynamically changing environment – is the strengthening of sustainable environmental development, in which the needs of the present generation can be satisfied without reducing the chances of future generations to meet them. Originality: the conclusions and recommendations of the study may be of importance to practitioners and researchers dealing with climate change mitigation, strategy implementation, public partnerships for sustainable development conducive to the well-being and quality of life of local communities.

17

Green Economy – Vector of Sustainable Development

Ospanova Anar, Popovychenko Iryna Popovychenko, Chuprina Elena

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2022

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Vol. 17, nr 1

171--181

EN

The article is devoted to the formation of theoretical, methodological foundations and the development of conceptual approaches to the practical provision of the green economy, considered as a vector of sustainable development. The study substantiates the need to create a new global economic school. The existence of two concepts of economic development of future generations is established. The author’s vision of economic growth in the conditions of sustainable development is formed, as well as its necessity is also proved. A component model of sustainable development is proposed, which allows reflecting the essence and content of the green economy. The positive experience of green integration is summarized. The negative aspects on the way to the practical implementation of the Millennium Development Goals are identified.

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest kształtowaniu podstaw teoretycznych, metodologicznych oraz rozwojowi koncepcyjnych podejść do praktycznego zapewnienia zielonej gospodarki, traktowanej jako wektor zrównoważonego rozwoju. Badanie uzasadnia potrzebę stworzenia nowej globalnej szkoły ekonomicznej. Ustala się istnienie dwóch koncepcji rozwoju gospodarczego przyszłych pokoleń. Kształtuje się autorska wizja wzrostu gospodarczego w warunkach zrównoważonego rozwoju, a także udowadnia jego konieczność. Proponowany jest składowy model zrównoważonego rozwoju, który pozwala odzwierciedlić istotę i treść zielonej gospodarki. Podsumowano pozytywne doświadczenia zielonej integracji. Zidentyfikowano negatywne aspekty na drodze do praktycznej realizacji Milenijnych Celów Rozwoju.

18

Is the blue economy possible in Poland?

Michalak Dorota, Szyja Paulina

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2022

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nr 3

74--96

EN

Although the concept of the blue economy is relatively new, the European Union is already taking steps to make it a reality. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the scope of activities that should be carried out for the sustainable development of the blue economy in Poland. It was decided to analyze basic data and indicators to verify whether the Polish maritime and coastal economy meets the goals of the blue economy. During the research, it became apparent that inaccuracies in terminology affect the selection of indicators. Therefore, the definitions and classification of sectors related to the blue economy were verified. Based on the literature review and the available data, the Polish maritime and coastal economy has considerable potential to be transformed into a blue economy. However, major barriers have also been identified, the removal of which requires a systematic approach. Furthermore, the benefits and costs associated with the transformation are highlighted.

PL

Koncepcja błękitnej gospodarki jest stosunkowo nowa, ale Unia Europejska już podejmuje kroki w celu jej urzeczywistnienia. Konieczne jest określenie zakresu działań, jakie powinny być prowadzone na rzecz zrównoważonego rozwoju niebieskiej gospodarki w Polsce. Dla tak zdefiniowanego celu postanowiono przeanalizować podstawowe dane i wskaźniki, aby sprawdzić, czy polska gospodarka morska i przybrzeżna spełnia cele niebieskiej gospodarki. W trakcie realizacji badań okazało się, że nieścisłości terminologiczne mają wpływ na dobór wskaźników. W związku z tym zweryfikowano definicje i klasyfikację sektorów związanych z niebieską gospodarką. Na podstawie przeglądu literatury oraz dostępnych danych należy podkreślić, że polska gospodarka morska i przybrzeżna ma znaczny potencjał związany z transformacją w kierunku niebieskiej gospodarki, jednak zidentyfikowano główne bariery, których usunięcie wymaga systematycznego podejścia. Ponadto wskazano na korzyści, ale i koszty związane z tą transformacją.

19

Economic development model and effective path of green industry

Tian Wen, Zhang Xin

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2022

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Vol. 29, nr 3

403--418

EN

Major crises such as greenhouse effect and resource depletion remind people that environmental protection is imminent. However, the economic growth is always accompanied by the destruction of the environment, so the development of green industry economy is very necessary for the balance between the two. However, many of today’s green industry economic development is still in the theoretical stage, and there are no substantive measures. Therefore, this paper aims to build a reasonable development evaluation model for the green industry economy, and use the results of the model to explore the sustainable development of the green industry economy. In view of this, in the stage of proposing the model, this paper refers to a large number of literature and field investigation, and selects 30 suitable evaluation indexes. The experimental results of the green industrial economy in Sichuan Province with the designed model show that the comprehensive evaluation index of green economic development has increased steadily. It reached 0.8255 in 2016, which is in line with the actual situation. This shows that the model in this paper has a good fitting effect, and can provide guidance for the economic development model and effective path of green industry.

20

Green bonds as modern financial instruments

Żak Katarzyna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2021

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z. 154

389--402

EN

Design/methodology/approach: The research methods used in the paper include the survey of Polish and foreign literature as well as the analysis of data from secondary sources. Desk research analysis was based on numerical data contained in the Climate Bonds Initiative database. Findings: The result of the conducted research is an indication of trends concerning the development of the green bond market and the main leaders on the international market. The position of Poland as an issuer of this type of securities is presented against this background. Research limitations/implications: The presented findings encourage further research to systematize data on green finance in Poland and the issue of green bonds from the point of view of the adopted criteria for their division. Practical implications: The analysis and assessment of the causes and effects of the issue of green bonds, especially on international markets, should be a kind of leverage to popularize this method of financing pro-ecological projects in Poland, especially among entrepreneurs and local governments. Social implications: The use of the presented data, analyses and conclusions should imply further actions and strategies of various entities necessary to implement the concept of sustainable development, especially green financing. The implementation of green bonds should result in the development of the capital market on the one hand, and on the other hand, contribute to the effective implementation of pro-ecological projects. Originality/value: The article synthetically presents the significance of the concept of green finance. It deals with current issues related to green bonds as well as global and domestic trends in their application.