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1

The high-hardness ceramic glazes based on basalt from Bali Province for ceramic body coatings

Sundari Komang Nelly, Subari, Birawidha David C, Prasetia Hendra, Mudra I Wayan, Hendronursito Yusup

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 3

art. no. 190121

EN

The ceramic glaze method is not only done to add color aesthetics but also to increase the hardness of the glaze. Basalt is one of the raw materials developed as a ceramic glaze material because it is cheap, easy to find, and has good characteristics. This research aims to determine glaze characteristics by varying the concentration of basalt rocks from the Ababi area, Karangasem Regency, Bali Province. The experiment used basalt at 45%-61%, Feldspar 27%-37%, Kaolin 3%-8%, and ZnO 7%-10% as raw materials for glaze, not frit glaze. Heating the glaze material layer at 1,250 °C for 3 hrs. The product characteristics of glaze ceramics include chemical composition, crystal phase, microhardness, porosity, density, thermal expansion coefficient, and surface morphology. Basalt from Bali is characterized by its high Fe2O3 content, reaching 20.07 wt%. Compared to basalt in generally, it has a different impact on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the ceramic glaze produced. Based on the observation of ceramic glaze products, the glaze composition with 56% basalt, 32% feldspar, 5% kaolin, and 7% ZnO showed the best coating, with a yellowish-brown color and an average thickness of 79.82μm. The hardness value of the glaze layer is 6.5 GPa, exceeding the standard hardness value of glazes on the market. Glazed ceramics contain the minerals Gahnite (ZnAl2O4) and Coesite (SiO2), which can increase the hardness of the glaze. This research demonstrates the tremendous potential and added value of using basalt from Bali Province as a raw material for glazed ceramics.

2

Investigation of novel ceramic materials (Al2O3 and SSiC) for high-pressure pumps delivery sections

Idzior Marek, Karpiuk Wojciech, Smolec Rafał

Combustion Engines

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2024

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R. 63, nr 1

153--160

EN

In this paper, a comparative analysis of structural materials used in the construction of high-pressure pumps delivery sections was carried out. The focus was on a comparison of the ceramic materials such as corundum (alumina, Al2O3) and silicon carbide (solid-state sintered) - SSiC with bearing alloy steel 100Cr6, that is the most common material used to make pistons and cylinders of the delivery section of common rail injection pumps. Simulations performed using the finite element method have proven that ceramic materials have a number of advantages and could therefore be an interesting substitute for materials traditionally used in this area.

3

Investigation on surface roughness and kerf analysis in abrasive water jet machining of silicon carbide

Hynes N.R.J., Asirvatham A.D., Sankaranarayanan R., Raja S., Benita B., Atchaya J.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 120, nr 1

30--35

EN

Purpose: Machining silicon carbide (SiC) is challenging due to its brittle and maximum tensile nature. Lapping or laser beam are done with a high cost of manufacturing and low material removal rates. Water abrasive jet cutting is a promising candidate since the machining temperatures and processing force of ceramics are extremely low. Investigation into the abrasive water jet machining of silicon carbide is carried out in the present work. Design/methodology/approach: The variations in traverse speed while abrasive water jet cutting of silicon carbide and its effect on the surface roughness and kerf characteristics are studied. Silicon Carbide abrasive material is used as garnet consisting of 80 mesh. The surface roughness was calculated along with the depth of the cut made during the processing. Findings: The outcomes demonstrated that the traverse speed is more effective upon the surface roughness and is an important factor that damages the top kerf width and the kerf taper angle. Research limitations/implications: Based on the hardness and thickness of the SiC plate, the taper angle is high, and for a feed rate of 10 mm/min, the surface roughness is low. Less thickness of the SiC plate could have a lower taper angle than with high thickness. The erosive force is provided by abrasive material along with the jet stream. Practical implications: Water abrasive fine jet could effectively machinate silicon carbide ceramic material with a better surface finish accurately. Suitable surface roughness with higher productivity can be attained with medium traverse speed. Originality/value: The effect of process parameters on kerf taper angle and top kerf width in the abrasive water jet machining of silicon carbide is explored, considering surface roughness as an important output parameter.

4

Effect of substituting white cement with ceramic waste powders (CWP) on the performance of a mortar based on crushed sand

Mezidi Amar, Merabti Salem, Benyamina Smain, Sadouki Mustapha

Advances in Materials Science

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2023

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Vol. 23, nr 4(78)

123--133

EN

The enormous quantities of ceramic waste lead us to its use in the construction field to solve both an environmental and an economic problem. The present study aims to recycle ceramic waste powders (CWP) to produce mortars. To this end, five crushed sand (CS) based mortar mixes with prismatic dimensions of 4x4x16 cm³ were prepared by partially replacing 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% white cement with CWP. Tests were carried out to assess bulk density, compressive strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). The results obtained showed that increasing the proportion of ceramic waste powder (CWP) in mortar mixes led to a decrease in bulk density, compressive strength, and UPV in the different mortars. In addition, linear correlations were observed between the different variables studied.

5

Effect of calcite and mica contents in nepheline syenite samples on the ceramic body sintering behaviours and surface roughness

Durgut Emrah, Cinar Mustafa, Ozdemir Orhan

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2022

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Vol. 58, iss. 5

art. no. 149179

EN

In this study, the effects of calcite and mica contents in nepheline syenite (NS) samples beneficiated by high intensity dry magnetic separation and flotation methods on ceramic bodies were investigated in detail. The NS samples were, first, sintered to observe the physical and surface roughness properties, and characterized based on the change of NS samples such as color, shrinkage, water absorption, and surface roughness after the sintering process. L-a-b color and Ra, Rz, Rt values for the NS samples were determined. The decrease in calcite and mica contents affected the surface of sintered specimens positively by reducing roughness values. Additionally, the water absorption values were found to be directly proportional to Ra values for unglazed surfaces. In conclusion, calcite and mica minerals in NS samples negatively affected surface quality by forming pinholes due to dehydroxylation and outgassing reactions in the sintering process.

6

Emergency condition of the ceramic facade of a residential building

Niedostatkiewicz Maciej

Modern Engineering

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2022

|

1

1--8

EN

The paper presents a description of the technical condition of the ceramic cladding of a residential building, the technical condition of which deteriorated significantly after only a few years of operation. The analysis of the influence of the applied design and working solutions on the façade failure frequency was analyzed. The article presents a conceptual solution to bring the building to the proper technical condition in terms of defects and damage to the facade.

7

Overload Stress and its Influence on Durability of Ceramic Elements in Hip and Knee Joints Endoprostheses

Nabrdalik Marcin, Sobociński Michał

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 2

729--734

EN

The paper presents mathematic-statistic methods defining the influence of stress on ceramic elements’ durability of hip and knee joints endoprostheses. The tests were conducted with Finite Elements Method in the ADINA System. The obtained results state the influence of load on the values of durability and stress, that get formed in ceramic parts of joints, and help to detect and solve technical problems and thus, counteract the subsequent effects resulting from premature wear of endoprosthesis elements. The paper emphasizes necessity of discovering new materials, that will be bio-compliant and wear resistant. Although ceramic materials like Al2O3, ZrO2, are brittle and less resistant to load than metallic implants, their improving mechanical parameters (excellent tribological properties), make them becoming new standard in biomaterials for clinical use. That opens new possibilities especially for hip or knee joints alloplasty.

8

UV Degradation Influence on the Selected Physical Properties of Extruded PVC/Ceramic Composites

Tor-Świątek Aneta, Garbacz Łukasz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 16, no. 3

282--294

EN

This paper presents a study of PVC-ceramic composites obtained by twin-screw extrusion. Properties such as colour, wettability, tensile strength, elongation at break and impact tensile strength were studied. Moreover, the composite samples were subjected to UV degradation process and the influence of the composite composition therefore the degradation process on the mentioned properties has been determined. The study showed the dependence of the ceramic content in the material and its granulation on the individual properties. The research showed a significant influence of degradation on the colour and wettability of samples containing ceramic filler with granulation 0.25-0.5 mm, and in the case of tests of mechanical properties, this influence is the greatest for samples with filler with grain size 0.5-1.25 mm. Additionally, the aging process significantly influenced obtained results.

9

Europejskie Biennale Szkła, Bornholm 11.09-21.11.2021

Szkło i Ceramika

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2021

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R. 72, nr 2

15--18

10

Ceramika to (nie) sztuka. O kijowskiej modzie na ceramikę

Gołębiewska Marcelina

Szkło i Ceramika

|

2020

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R. 71, nr 1

34--37

11

The Materials Resistant to High Temperatures Obtained from Post-Production Fibrous Waste

Kogut K., Kasprzyk K., Kłoś R.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2020

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Vol. 65, iss. 2

845--850

EN

This paper describes preparation methodology and research results of newly developed materials from post-production fibrous waste that are resistant to high temperatures. Widely available raw materials were used for this purpose. Such approach has significant impact on the technological feasibility and preparation costs. Obtained materials were verified via applying of various tests including characterization of shrinkage, porosity, density and water absorption as well as X-ray analysis (XRD), followed by mechanical bending and compressive strength determination. Based on the research results, the possible applications of materials as thermal insulators were indicated.

12

Mechanical Properties and Sliding Wear Resistance of Suspension Plasma Sprayed YSZ Coatings

Łatka Leszek, Szala Mirosław, Macek Wojciech, Branco Ricardo

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2020

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Vol. 14, no. 4

307--314

EN

In this work, the yttria stabilised zirconia ZrO2 + 8 wt% Y2 O3 (YSZ) coatings were studied. The coatings were manufactured by using a relatively new method based on liquid feedstock, called suspension plasma spraying (SPS). The main aim of the study was to investigate the influence of one of the fundamental process parameters, stand-off distance, on the YSZ coating mechanical properties, namely adhesion, cohesion, hardness, and dry sliding wear resistance. Moreover, the coating surface morphology and microstructure were investigated. Despite the fact that in the SPS method, the heat flux into the substrate is much higher than in conventional atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), for the stand-off distances as short as 40 mm, the structure has not been damaged by thermal stresses. The results revealed that shorter spray distance leads to obtaining the coatings characterised by higher cohesion and adhesion to the substrate as well as higher hardness and resistance to sliding wear. The wear mechanism of both YSZ coatings relies on the adhesive mode, which is intensified by severe coating material delamination.

13

Microstructure and properties of ZrO2 ceramic and Ti-6A-4V alloy vacuum brazed by Ti-28Ni filler metal

Li Hong, Liu Xuan, Huang Haixin

Welding Technology Review

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2019

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R. 91, nr 10

35--41

EN

Reliable ceramics/metal joints have an extensive application in the aerospace and biomedical area. However, ZrO2 ceramic has not been investigated systematically compared to the Si3N4 and Al2O3 ceramic. Therefore, successful brazing of ZrO2 ceramic and Ti-6A-4V alloy was achieved by using a binary active Ti-28Ni filler metal in this paper. The effect of holding time on the microstructure of ZrO2 ceramic/filler metal interface and mechanical properties of brazed joints was investigated. The results indicated that the representative interfacial microstructure was ZrO2 ceramic/Ti2O/Ni2Ti4O/Ti-rich phase/ Ti2Ni+α-Ti. With the increase of holding time, the thickness of Ti-rich layer in the interface of ZrO2/Ti-6Al-4V joint decreased obviously due to the diffusion of Ti atoms. Substantial brittle intermetallic compounds Ti2Ni and Ni2Ti4O were formed in the joint, which were detrimental to the mechanical properties of the brazed joints. The maximum shear strength of joint was 112.7 MPa when brazed at 1060 °C for 10 min.

PL

Niezawodne połączenia ceramiki/metalu mają szerokie zastosowanie w przemyśle lotniczym i biomedycznym. Jednak ceramika Zr02 nie była badana systematycznie w porównaniu z ceramiką Si3N4 i Al2O3. W niniejszym artykule przeprowadzono udany proces lutowania ceramiki Zr02 i stopu Ti-6A-4V, który został osiągnięty dzięki zastosowaniu binarnie aktywnego metalu wypełniającego Ti-28Ni. Zbadano wpływ czasu trwania połączenia na mikrostrukturę powierzchni ceramicznej/metalu wypełniającego ZrO2 oraz właściwości mechaniczne lutowanych połączeń. Wyniki wskazują, że reprezentatywną mikrostrukturą międzyfazową była ceramika ZrO2/Ti2O/Ni2Ti4O/faza bogata w Ti/Ti2Ni+α-Ti. Wraz ze wzrostem czasu trwania połączenia, grubość warstwy bogatej w Ti w interfejsie złącza ZrO2/Ti-6AI-4V zmniejszyła się z powodu dyfuzji atomów Ti. W spoinie powstały znaczne kruche związki międzymetaliczne Ti2Ni i Ni2Ti4O, które były szkodliwe dla właściwości mechanicznych lutowanych połączeń. Maksymalna wytrzymałość złącza na ścinanie wynosiła 112,7 MPa po lutowaniu w 1060 °C przez 10 min.

14

The Effect of Beneficiation on Some Properties of Osun State Ceramic Raw Materials

Abiolaa Oluranti Adetunji, Oke Adekola Olayinka, Omidiji Babatunde Victor, Adetan Dare Aderibigbe

Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 3, no. 3

62--66

EN

Clay, feldspar and silica sand are important industrial minerals which often need treatment commonly known as beneficiation to improve the quality of ceramic tiles produced from these materials. The different minerals, after sorting, were treated separately in distilled water, alcohol and hydrochloric acid before being crushed in a ball mill; they were then characterized using a pelletron accelerator. The results show an increased silicon content for clay, silica sand and feldspar; and reduced aluminum content for clay and silica sand but not for feldspar. Iron impurity and its oxide are also shown to reduce by over 50% in all the minerals while potassium was found to be the dominant element in feldspar among the defining elements. In conclusion, the increased quartz in the mineral will improve the hardness, density, porosity, and rigidity of ceramic tiles as well as providing support and controlling shrinkage. Furthermore, increasing the mineral quotient in feldspar will enhance its fluxing potential.

15

Pomiędzy tradycją a nowoczesnością. Fabryka Naczyń Kamionkowych „Manufaktura“ w Bolesławcu jako przykład działań łączących tradycyjne techniki wytwarzania z nowymi technologiami

Gazur M.

Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji

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2018

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Vol. 7, iss. 3

34--42

PL

Bolesławiec to kolebka tradycyjnej polskiej ceramiki znanej prawie na całym świecie. Metodą i siłą wytwarzania tych wyrobów jest proces oparty o produkcję ściśle powiązaną z pracą ludzkich rąk. Spośród 23 zakładów w Bolesławcu „Manufaktura” jest jednym z pierwszych, który zrozumiał że aby nie pozostać na rynku nierozpoznawalną jednostką wśród pozostałych fabryk, muszą zatrudnić projektanta i zmienić politykę firmy opartą o nowe technologie i nowy design. Jak w fabryce z tak bogatym bagażem tradycji i ważnym elementem pracy ludzkich rąk wprowadzać innowacje nie zatracając ducha i istoty produkcji bolesławieckich wyrobów?

EN

Bolesławiec city is the center of traditional Polish ceramics known almost all over the world. The method and strength of producing these products is a process based on human hand production. "Manufaktura" factory is one of the first to understand that in order to keep competitive advantage over the competition, they must employ a designer and change the company's policy to include new technologies and new design. In a factory with such a rich baggage of tradition and a belief in the importance of human hands, how to innovate without losing the spirit and essence of Bolesławiec products?

16

Electric properties of composite ZnO-based ceramics doped with Fe

Fedotov A. S., Pashkevich A. V., Bliznyuk L. A., Kasiuk J., Fedotov A. K., Basov N. A., Svito I. A., Budzyński M., Wierteł M., Żukowski P.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2018

|

R. 94, nr 3

197--199

EN

This work is focused on the analysis of phase structure and temperature dependences of electric resistivity ρ(Т) in ZnO-based composite ceramics (ZnO)90(FexOy)10, doped with Fe by the addition of 10 wt.% of one of the iron oxides FexOy.

PL

Praca koncentruje się na analizie struktury fazowej oraz zależności temperaturowych rezystywności elektrycznej ρ(Т) kompozytów ceramicznych (ZnO)90(FexOy)10 opartych o ZnO, domieszkowanych Fe poprzez dodanie 10% wag. jednego z tlenków żelaza FexOy.

17

Modelling of effective properties and fracture of metal-ceramic interpenetrating phase composites

Poniżnik Z.

IPPT Reports on Fundamental Technological Research

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2018

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nr 1

1--218

EN

This dissertation is focused on modelling of the effective elastic and thermal properties, deformation and fracture of metal-ceramic interpenetrating phase composites (IPCs). Compared to typical metal matrix composites (MMC) reinforced with particles or ceramic fibres, the main advantages of IPCs are: improved homogeneity, microstructure stability at elevated temperatures, increased thermal conductivity and, thankful to the interpenetrating microstructure, moderation of cracking with metallic networks. These superior characteristics make the IPCs attractive structural and functional materials for e.g. transport, power and electronic industry sectors. The industry push for new materials and technologies provides a strong motivation for research in the fields of processing, characterisation and modelling of IPCs. Analytical and numerical models are proposed to predict the effective elastic properties of the IPCs. The problems of deformation and fracture of IPCs under quasi-static loading are addressed numerically in a set of models aiming at the determination of the fracture parameters taking into account the crack bridging mechanism. A particular attention is given to creation of numerical models for effective elastic constants and fracture parameters of IPCs based on their real microstructure obtained from computed microtomography (micro-CT) images. Additional information from own experimental research on manufacturing and characterization of IPCs is reported in Appendix as a supporting material used in the modelling. One of the main contributions of this research to the field of IPCs modelling is the proposed methodology of using micro-CT images of real interpenetrating microstructure in the Finite Element Method approach when calculating the effective elastic constants and the J-integral for the interpenetrating phase composites.

PL

Tematem rozprawy doktorskiej jest modelowanie makroskopowych (efektywnych) właściwości sprężystych i termicznych oraz procesów deformacji i pękania kompozytów typu wzajemnie przenikających się faz (Interpenetrating Phase Composites, IPC). W porównaniu z typowymi kompozytami na osnowie metalowej (metal matrix composites, MMC), kompozyty IPC wyróżniają się większą jednorodnością mikrostruktury, stabilnością mikrostruktury w podwyższonych temperaturach, podwyższoną przewodnością cieplną, ponadto dzięki sieciowej mikrostrukturze pękanie w IPC nie zachodzi w sposób gwałtowny. Właściwości te powodują, że kompozyty IPC są atrakcyjnymi materiałami konstrukcyjnymi i funkcjonalnymi dla przemysłu transportowego, energetycznego czy elektronicznego, co stanowi silną motywację dla rozwoju technologii wytwarzania, badania mikrostruktury i właściwości oraz modelowania. W pracy zaproponowano modele analityczne i numeryczne do szacowania efektywnych stałych sprężystości kompozytów IPC. Mechanizmy deformacji i pękania badanych kompozytów pod działaniem obciążeń quasi-statycznych zostały przedstawione w serii modeli numerycznych, z uwzględnieniem rzeczywistej mikrostruktury materiału otrzymanej za pomocą mikrotomografii komputerowej (computed microtomography, micro-CT). W dodatku do rozprawy zamieszczono wyniki własnych badań doświadczalnych związanych z wytwarzaniem i charakteryzacją materiałów IPC, jako informacji pomocniczych przy konstruowaniu modeli IPC. Jednym z głównych osiągnięć pracy jest zaproponowanie metodologii wykorzystania danych mikrostrukturalnych z mikrotomografii komputerowej w problemach wyznaczania stałych efektywnych i parametrów pękania materiałów IPC i jej praktyczna numeryczna implementacja w ramach MES.

18

Zmiany mikrostruktury ceramiki wynikające ze subflorescencji siarczanu sodu

Wesołowska M.

Fizyka Budowli w Teorii i Praktyce

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2018

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T. 10, nr 1

45--49

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wpływ krystalizacji siarczanu sodu na zmiany mikrostruktury w ceramice tradycyjnej. Elementy badawcze w postaci połówek cegieł poddano kapilarnemu nawilgacaniu roztworami siarczanu sodu o stężeniach 5, 10, 15, 20 i 25%, a następnie zabezpieczono podstawy ekranami polietylenowymi w celu zapewnienia wysychania tylko przez boczne powierzchnie. Po wyschnięciu wydzielono próbki z warstwy licowej (5mm) oraz położonych poniżej 2 kolejnych warstw (każda po 10mm). Tak przygotowane próbki posłużyły do analizy porównawczej zmian mikrostruktury ceramiki, spowodowanej zabudowaniem krystalizującą solą oraz Zniszczenia materiału widocznego po ekstrakcji soli. W badaniach wykorzystano porozymetrię rtęciową oraz mikroskopię konfokalną. Z uwagi na konieczny w badaniach porozymetrycznych proces suszenia próbek do stałej masy, ustalono temperaturę 80̊±5C, która pozwoliła na usuniecie wolnej wody bez naruszenia struktury wykrystalizowanej soli. Na podstawie analizy mikrostruktury ceramiki ustalono graniczne stężenie soli inicjujące proces makroskopowego zniszczenia w wyniku subflorescencji (odspojenia warstwy licowej). Analiza obrazu z mikroskopu konfokalnego pozwoliła ustalić mechanizm zniszczenia materiału ceramicznego. Zaobserwowano charakterystyczny rozpad granularny, który jest efektem wypychania ceramiki przez rozbudowane kryształy siarczanu.

EN

In this article the influence of sodium sulphate crystallization was discussed on microstructure changes in traditional ceramic. The tested elements in form of brick halves underwent capillary moistening in sodium sulphate solution with concentration of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%, and then their bottom walls were protected with polyethylene covers in order to ensure drying only through side walls. After drying, samples were taken from face walls (5mm) and 2 subsequent lower layers (each 10mm thick). So prepared samples were used for comparative analysis of ceramic microstructure changes caused by salt crystallization and material damage visible after salt extraction. In the tests mercury porosimetry and confocal microscopy were used. Because of necessity to dry the samples to solid mass, the temperature of 80±5C was defined which enabled removing free water without damaging of crystallized salt structure. Based on ceramic analysis there was found the initial salt concentration when macroscopic damage starts as a result of subflorescence (face layer delamination). The analysis of pictures from a confocal microscope enabled to define the mechanism for ceramic material damage. There was observed characteristic granular diffusion which is the effect of pushing out ceramic by building out the sulphate crystals.

19

Structure and succession of periphyton in an urban reservoir : artificial substrate specificity

Trbojević I., Jovanović J., Kostić D., Popović S., Krizmanić J., Karadžić V., Simić G. S.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2017

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Vol. 46, No. 4

379--392

EN

Substrate specificity of the periphyton community is usually underestimated in both periphyton ecology and biomonitoring studies, thus different kinds of both natural and artificial substrates (of organic and inorganic origin) are employed. Periphyton colonization and successional trajectories are particularly debatable processes when different kinds of substrates are considered. In our field experiment, we deployed four kinds of artificial substrates (two inorganic ones – glass and ceramic, and two organic ones – willow and yew wooden tiles) for the development of periphyton in an urban reservoir referred to as Lake Savsko (Belgrade, Serbia). We comparatively investigated the structure, colonization process, diversity and successional trajectories of periphyton. We also assessed the relationship between the dynamics of algae growth forms (ecological groups) on different substrates and selected abiotic limnological factors. Our objective was to determine whether the type of substrate affects periphyton characteristics at various levels and whether an artificial substrate potentially affects the bioindication capacity of ecological groups. We concluded that all substrates behave similarly at the level of structure and colonization phases, but when considering diversity and successional trajectories, the substrate specificity was demonstrated. Our results suggest that communities developed on inert substrates (glass and ceramic) could provide more realistic insight into complex environmental changes.

20

Reinforcing cast iron with composite insert

Dulska A., Studnicki A., Szajnar J.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2017

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Vol. 62, iss. 1

355--357

EN

The paper presents a proprietary method of making composite cast iron (eutectic) locally reinforced with ceramics. The research included making casts with a ceramic layer, its percentage of the surface was 30%. The research included abrasive wear resistance according to ASTM G 65-00. As a result of the research it has been found that the infiltration of the molten metal into the ceramic preform mainly affects the correct production of the cast with local reinforcement. The research results also have proven that the application of a lattice ceramic insert placed in the mould is the most appropriate option, due to the even distribution of the particles in the cast and obtaining a sound cast.