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1

Socio-political impact of disinformation during the 2024 floods in Poland

Nepelski Mariusz, Banasiak Adam Mateusz, Kramarczuk Jakub, Kamińska Monika

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2025

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Nr 94 (tom 2)

45--57

EN

In addition to the catastrophic effects on the environment, infrastructure and the population, the 2024 flood in Poland demonstrated additional means of pressure characteristic of hybrid warfare, unprecedented in this type of threat. At issue is false information spread through social media and private messaging platforms, triggering social unrest and division. It is social media platforms, with their structure for instantaneous sharing of news, that provide an exceptionally fertile environment for the spread of disinformation. The content was intended to undermine trust in public institutions, dividing local communities, and realistically affecting the undertaken rescue efforts. The aim of the research, the results of which are presented in the article, was to identify socio-political effects of disinformation during the flood in question. The article attempts to find how false information and data manipulation influenced citizens’ attitudes, the actions of public institutions, and political decision-making during the crisis. In order to effectively comprehend the social and political dynamics during this type of emergency, it was necessary to look at the role played by disinformation in shaping attitudes and decisions during difficult times. The findings highlight the role of emotional triggers in amplifying disinformation and point to the need of developing media education, content verification tools and regulation to mitigate its effects during crises.

2

12 Patrol Saperski jako element zarządzania kryzysowego powiatów w rejonie odpowiedzialności w latach 2015-2020

Orłowski Dawid

Wiedza Obronna

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2025

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Nr 1

113--132

PL

Siły zbrojne, będące zasadniczym instrumentem polityki państwa od stuleci spełniają istotne funkcje w zakresie bezpieczeństwa. Wraz z upływem lat, którym towarzyszyły liczne przemiany cywilizacyjne i ustrojowe ich rola i znaczenie ciągle ewoluowało. Artykuł dotyczy roli 12 Patrolu Saperskiego jako istotnego elementu zarządzania kryzysowego na poziomie lokalnym w Polsce, szczególnie w kontekście bezpieczeństwa publicznego i ochrony infrastruktury. Celem głównym badań była charakterystyka procedura podejmowania niewybuchów i niewypałów przez 12 Patrol Saperski w rejonie jego odpowiedzialności w latach 2015-2020 oraz analiza liczby i charakteru podejmowanych interwencji. Badania uwzględniają również określenie miejsca i roli patroli saperskich w zarządzaniu kryzysowym na terenie Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej oraz prawno-organizacyjne zasady funkcjonowania 12 Patrolu Saperskiego. W ramach badań przyjęto hipotezę, że patrol, wykonując swoje zadania, stanowi kluczowy element zarządzania kryzysowego, który wspiera bezpieczeństwo publiczne i stabilność lokalnej infrastruktury. W artykule podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie jak wyglądała procedura podejmowania niewybuchów i niewypałów przez 12 Patrol Saperski. Analiza uwzględniała prawno-organizacyjne podstawy funkcjonowania patrolu oraz zasięg i charakter jego działalności w obszarze zarządzania kryzysowego. Wyniki badań wskazują, że 12 Patrol Saperski pełni znaczącą rolę w strukturze zarządzania kryzysowego, zapewniając skuteczne reagowanie na zagrożenia oraz minimalizując ryzyko dla społeczności lokalnych. Wnioski płynące z badania mają znaczenie zarówno dla kształtowania polityk publicznych, jak i doskonalenia procedur reagowania kryzysowego na poziomie lokalnym, z uwzględnieniem specyfiki interwencji rozminowania i bezpieczeństwa cywilnego.

EN

The armed forces, being an essential instrument of state policy for centuries, have fulfilled important security functions. With the passage of years, accompanied by numerous civilizational and political transformations, their role and importance has constantly evolved. The article deals with the role of the 12th Sapper Patrol as an important element of crisis management at the local level in Poland, especially in the context of public safety and infrastructure protection. The main objective of the research was to characterize the procedure of taking up unexploded ordnance and unexploded bombs by the 12th Sapper Patrol in the area of its responsibility in 2015-2020, and to analyze the number and nature of the interventions undertaken. The research also takes into account the determination of the place and role of sapper patrols in crisis management in the territory of the Republic of Poland, as well as the legal and organizational principles of operation of the 12th Sapper Patrol. The research assumes the hypothesis that the patrol, performing its tasks, is a key element of crisis management that supports public safety and stability of local infrastructure. The article attempts to answer the question of how the procedure of taking unexploded ordnance and unexploded bombs by the 12th Sappers Patrol looked like. The analysis took into account the legal and organizational basis of the patrol, as well as the scope and nature of its activities in the area of emergency management. The results of the study indicate that the 12th Sapper Patrol plays a significant role in the emergency management structure, ensuring effective response to threats and minimizing risks to local communities. The conclusions of the study are relevant both for the formation of public policies and the improvement of emergency response procedures at the local level, taking into account the specifics of demining and civil security interventions.

3

Military logistics system in a crisis situation

Jałowiec Tomasz, Spychalski Mieczysław Krzysztof

Systemy Logistyczne Wojsk

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2025

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Vol. 62, no. 1

95--112

EN

The article characterizes the processes of logistical support of the flood-affected public and the processes of logistical security of the separated military groupings for support of internal security, assistance to the civilian population in mitigating the consequences of the flood and accelerating the reconstruction of infrastructure. The research niche of this article is a cross-sectional view of the new areas implemented by the military logistics potential in the 2024 floods in Poland. The purpose of the research was to identify and evaluate the scope of tasks of the military logistics system of the Polish Armed Forces envisaged for the implementation of tasks in support of government administration, local government, rescue services as well as the affected civilian population, and the tasks of logistical security of troops residing in flood areas and acting for the benefit of local authorities and society. Achieving such a defined objective required answering the following research question: what was the role of elements of the military logistics system supported by civilian logistics capabilities during the 2024 floods in Poland? The paper adopts the following research hypothesis: the proper use of military and civilian logistics capabilities can improve the efficiency of the process of support and logistical security of the injured population and other participants carrying out emergency tasks, and is determined in particular by the ability of military logistics capabilities to respond flexibly to the dynamically changing situation during a crisis situation and the preparation of the right quantity and quality of resources that are necessary to meet the needs of the injured and those involved in rescue operations. In order to solve the defined research problem and verify the adopted hypothesis, the following research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, abstraction, inference, generalization, and conclusions drawn from participant observation in a military operation supporting civilians affected by the 2024 flood disaster in the southwestern region of Poland.

4

Evaluation of Territorial Defense Forces’ Activities During Recovery from the Flood Occurring in Poland in 2024

Kochanowicz Małgorzata Karolina, Bryczek-Wróbel Patrycja

Systemy Logistyczne Wojsk

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2025

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Vol. 62, no. 1

193--202

EN

This article presents the results of a study on the Territorial Defense Forces’ participation in the recovery from the flood that occurred in Poland’s Dolnośląskie, Opolskie, and Śląskie provinces in September 2024. The Territorial Defense Forces are a branch of the Polish military, which are, among other things, assigned to combat natural disasters. Research methods: The study employed a theoretical research method consisting of a review and analysis of relevant literature from 2020-2024, along with the selection and critical evaluation of source materials. The second stage utilized an empirical, qualitative method in the form of semi-structured individual phone interviews conducted from November 12th, 2024 to December 5th, 2024. The interviews were conducted with public administration management-level employees performing tasks in city or municipal offices with substantial responsibility for crisis management, as well as management-level employees from District Crisis Management Centers affected by the September 2024 floods. Open-ended questions were used during the interviews, allowing for detailed responses during conversations lasting 50-90 minutes. It should be emphasized that the interviews were conducted immediately after the floodwaters receded, which allowed for the collection of current information and assessments. The study focused on the activities undertaken by Territorial Defense Forces soldiers to address the flood’s effects. The purpose of the article was to obtain assessments from selected local government employees regarding the Territorial Defense Forces’ participation in flood recovery efforts. The main research question was formulated as follows: How do selected local government employees assess the participation of the Territorial Defense Forces in addressing the aftermath of the flood that occurred in Poland in the Dolnośląskie, Opolskie, and Śląskie provinces in September 2024? Main research findings: Local government employees from selected locations in the Dolnośląskie, Opolskie, and Śląskie provinces ascertained that the Territorial Defense Forces played a key role in addressing the aftermath of the 2024 flood and helped restore a sense of safety among the public. The activities of the Territorial Defense Forces as part of flood recovery significantly improved and expedited the short-term restoration of infrastructure and the environment. The tasks performed by TDF troops can be divided into three main groups: life and health protection, organizational support, and preventive measures.

5

Legal and institutional conditions of crisis management bodies in local government structures

Kosenda Ewa, Kopczewski Marian

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2025

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Vol. 57, No.3(217)

51--79

EN

Ensuring effective protection of the population in an emergency requires the efforts of public administration bodies and other social and economic entities performing tasks in the field of security and defence. A special role in civil protection activities is played by: civil defence, the Police, the Border Guard, the State Fire Service, units of the Volunteer Fire Brigade, other rescue units and various specialised agencies, inspections, and services. The subject of crisis management is more and more often discussed and publicized in the public debate and in various publications. It is necessary to continuously adapt and improve national security management, adequately to contemporary challenges and threats, among others, by integrating many dispersed, side-by-side solutions. The article discusses the current organizational and legal solutions in this area, which allowed to answer the question whether the activities aimed at improving the internal conditions of security are aimed at creating an integrated national security management system. The aim of the article is to analyse the functioning of the crisis management system in Poland, and in particular the principles of operation of crisis management teams in emergency situations, taking into account the legal and institutional conditions of crisis management bodies in local government structures. For the purposes of this study, the following research problem has been formulated: How should crisis management teams work in the planning, decision-making and functional process at individual levels of administration in the event of threats? The basis for the development of the article were relevant legal acts and literature on the subject.

PL

Zapewnienie skutecznej ochrony ludności w sytuacji zagrożenia wymaga wysiłku organów administracji publicznej oraz innych podmiotów społecznych i gospodarczych realizujących zadania w dziedzinie bezpieczeństwa i obrony. Szczególną rolę w działaniach na rzecz ochrony ludności odgrywają: obrona cywilna, Policja, Straż Graniczna, Państwowa Straż Pożarna, jednostki Ochotniczej Straży Pożarnej, inne jednostki ratownictwa oraz różne wyspecjalizowane agencje, inspekcje i służby. Tematyka zarządzania kryzysowego jest coraz częściej poruszana i nagłaśniana w publicznej debacie i w różnych publikacjach. Konieczne jest ciągłe dostosowywanie i poprawa zarządzania bezpieczeństwem narodowym, adekwatnie do współczesnych wyzwań i zagrożeń, między innymi przez zintegrowanie wielu rozproszonych, funkcjonujących obok siebie rozwiązań. W artykule omówiono obecnie obowiązujące w tym zakresie rozwiązania organizacyjno-prawne, co pozwoliło odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy działania, mające na celu poprawę wewnętrznych uwarunkowań bezpieczeństwa, zmierzają do stworzenia zintegrowanego systemu zarządzania bezpieczeństwem narodowym. Celem artykułu jest analiza funkcjonowania systemu zarządzania kryzysowego w Polsce, a w szczególności zasad działania zespołów zarządzania kryzysowego w sytuacjach zagrożeń przy uwzględnieniu uwarunkowań prawnych i instytucjonalnych organów zarządzania kryzysowego w strukturach samorządowych. Na potrzeby niniejszego opracowania sformułowano następujący problem badawczy: Jak mają pracować zespoły zarządzania kryzysowego w procesie planistyczno-decyzyjnym oraz funkcjonalnym na poszczególnych szczeblach administracji w sytuacji zagrożeń. Podstawę do opracowania artykułu stanowiły odpowiednie akty prawne oraz literatura przedmiotu.

6

A model for assessing shipping safety within project-orientated risk management based on human element

Onyshchenko Svitlana, Bychkovsky Yuriy, Melnyk Oleksiy, Onishchenko Oleg, Jurkovič Martin, Rubskyi Viacheslav, Liashenko Kostiantyn

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 123

319--334

EN

Safety risk management in shipping projects is an extremely important aspect aimed at ensuring the success of the project and the safety of all participants in the maritime transportation process. This paper presents an approach to assessing safety risks that considers multiple factors including equipment condition, external circumstances, and human factors. The risk assessment utilizes the probability of accidents and their consequences, as well as the weighting factors of each factor. The results of the assessment are interpreted using a scale that defines the hazard level. The proposed methodology can effectively identify, analyse and manage safety risks, which can contribute to the success and safety of shipping projects. The study also discusses the importance of dividing the crew into functional groups based on the operations performed, which helps to better identify the safety risk for each group. Safety risk assessment is conducted for each operation individually as well as for the entire project or multiple operations to provide a comprehensive safety assessment. The results of the study have shown the feasibility of the proposed method for assessing the safety risks of shipping projects and its suitability to the initial data “safety” taking into account its separate sides, features, as well as the constituent aspects of the concept, systematization of the ship's safety structure in order to develop solutions to improve integral safety and optimize decision-making in emergency situations. Achievement of the general purpose of shipping safety thus means realization of ways of reduction of influence of the human factor on the number of accidents, and an estimation of the degree of influence of a set of factors on a ship during operation.

7

Tasks of military forces in crisis situations

Kupryjańczyk Marta Wioleta

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2024

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Nr 92 (tom 2)

121--134

EN

The use of the Armed Forces in crisis management is an important element of state security. Structure, resources and operational capabilities play a key role during emergencies. However, it should be borne in mind that the Armed Forces were established for state defence, which is their primary task. The role of the military in crisis management needs to be properly balanced with the principle of civilian crisis management. The article presents results of research on the involvement of the military in crisis management, taking into account an analysis of literature, case studies and document review. Based on a survey of available scientific publications, legal acts and reports on involving the military in crisis operations, the key roles of the military in this area were identified. An analysis of official documents and reports allowed identifying areas for further improvement.

8

Scope and nature of changes in the crisis management system in circumstances of climate change on the example of the Pomeranian Voivodeship

Diemientiew Grzegorz

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2024

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Nr 90 (tom 2)

107--123

EN

With the increasing impacts of climate change, especially in the context of rising temperatures, frequency and severity of extreme events, research into the preparedness of emergency management systems is becoming a priority for governments and the international community. The purpose of the research was to identify the current state of the emergency management system in the context of climate change and to assess its preparedness to operate under threats generated by those changes, and to formulate proposals for improvement. The conducted research was based on an analysis of strategic documents, legal acts and an assessment of climate change adaptation plans. An analysis of the preparedness of civil protection system structures for action under conditions of climate change at the local, regional and national levels was also carried out. The results of the research showed that the emergency management system of the Pomeranian Voivodeship is insufficiently prepared for effective action under existing climate change risks. The discussion of the research results clearly indicates the need for systemic measures, covering legislative, organizational, educational and economic areas. Further research should focus on developing tools for assessing the preparedness of civil protection system structures for action under conditions of climate change, and on developing more comprehensive adaptation plans at a local level. In addition, it is important to continue research on improving the warning and alert system, as well as increasing public awareness of climate risks. This research is a step toward effectively preparing the emergency management system for operations under a changing climate, thus providing a more secure environment for local communities.

9

Military support to civil authorities and the public – with regard to civil protection

Sobolewski Grzegorz

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2024

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Nr 92 (tom 2)

223--238

EN

The armed forces are the largest and best organised fundamental part of the state organisation whose high performance determines the stability and strength of the state, its sovereignty and the provision of national and international security. Undoubtedly, the fundamental mission of the Polish Armed Forces is the ability to defend vital interests of the state, i.e. to ensure the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of the Republic. Nevertheless, the armed forces are also a very important potential of the state in supporting civil authorities and society in crisis situations. In the past, the main task of the armed forces was primarily to ensure military security in terms of defending the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state. However, nowadays, in national and international terms, their scope of tasks has definitely broadened to comprise undertakings in support of public administration bodies and society in crisis situations. This is due to the fact that the armed forces are characterised by unique capabilities, unparalleled in other response forces, to take effective action in the event of diverse crisis situations. Thus, they have become an important reinforcement of the crisis management and civil protection system. Often, they can be the main element of support to public administration bodies (government and local government) in resolving the crisis situation that has arisen.

10

Key aspects that make decision-making training in the field of crisis management tailored to identified gaps and needs

Bralewski Adrian, Bralewska Karolina, Gawroński Wiktor, Zwęgliński Tomasz, Gikiewicz Magdalena

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2024

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Nr 92 (tom 1)

25--56

EN

The fundamental objective of crisis management exercises is to provide participants with the requisite knowledge and skills to enable optimal responses in crisis situations. One particularly efficacious and engaging form of exercise is decision-making training. The utilisation of virtual reality-based decision-making training, incorporating multimedia and “acting,” represents an effective methodology for the assessment of procedures that involve multiple entities. The objective of this study is to present a methodology for adapting decision-making training to address the existing gaps, needs, and decision-making issues of the entity for which the exercise is organized, thereby facilitating more effective and optimal execution. Furthermore, the paper presents data sources utilized by the authors in the organization of decision-making training. The intended audience for the publication is any individual, entity, and/or institution that engages in crisis management on a daily basis, including strategic planners, decision makers and practitioners. Consequently, the paper offers practical recommendations for the organization of an effective and dedicated decision-making training in the field of crisis management, based on a synthesis of the literature and the authors’ experience.

11

Crisis logistics in case of an extreme weather event

Bogdanova Lina

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2024

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Nr 89 (tom 2)

55--67

EN

Extreme weather events are becoming increasingly common in the Polish climate, with recent meteorological phenomena such as storms, tempests and heavy precipitation serving as clear examples. These events can be attributed to climate change, which has made extreme weather more persistent even in regions not historically prone to such conditions. This article focuses on the logistics of emergency operations using flash flooding as an illustrative case. The article explores the essence and tasks of logistics in crisis situations, particularly when dealing with extreme weather-related crises. The primary objective of logistics in these situations is to save lives, ensure the well-being of the affected population, and provide essential support to those in need. The success of logistical operations is contingent upon informed decision-making, which must account for various factors, including the nature of the crisis, its causes, the affected population, available resources and IT systems with up-to-date databases. This article emphasizes the importance of robust logistics management in extreme weather events and crisis situations, underscoring the need for comprehensive planning, preparedness, and resource allocation to ensure the safety and well-being of the affected population.

12

Common situational awareness in the process of building social resilience to a health crisis – the example of the covid-19 pandemic

Dymek Dariusz, Sadłowska-Wrzesińska Joanna

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

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2024

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Nr 89 (tom 2)

157--176

EN

The research problem undertaken by the authors focuses on increasing resilience in the event of a threat or crisis, taking into account two pillars of activity: civil planning and public education. The crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has shown that the developed anti-epidemic plans and procedures were not compatible with the development and dynamics of the spread of the SARS-Cov-2 virus. Moreover, actions aimed at building resilience proposed in many European documents concern primarily institutional structures, leaving citizens themselves somewhat on the sidelines. According to the authors, this is clearly an unfavourable approach, because citizens also need to be prepared for crises through educating and increasing their social awareness in the context of potential threats. The article presents selected aspects of survey research conducted in a group of academic youth (n=138). The survey comprised students of subjects related to security in its broadest sense. The designed research tool – A questionnaire for examining students’ opinions on health safety during the pandemic – is intended to identify students’ opinions on selected aspects of institutional activities, as well as personal beliefs, opinions and activities undertaken in the context of the Sars-Cov-2 virus pandemic. The research results presented in the article refer to detailed research questions and answer questions about students’ preferred sources of knowledge about threats, especially health threats. The research revealed a clear lack of trust in the content provided at university and a preference for the Internet as a source of knowledge, which should be considered a disturbing phenomenon, especially among people responsible for ensuring public safety in the future. The authors hope to spark a discussion among experts.

13

Elements of crisis management during the Covid-19 pandemic in Poland

Michalcewicz-Kaniowska Małgorzata, Odlanicka-Poczobutt Monika, Szyszka-Schuppik Aleksandra, Komarnicka Anna, Murawska Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 193

121--143

EN

Purpose: Contemporary threats are characterized by unpredictability, vehemence and interpermeation, and affect almost all areas of society functioning. The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2a virus, resulted in crisis threats associated with possible loss of life, health or material possessions, destabilization of economic development, or loss of conditions for free existence. The lack of clear guidelines on how to deal with such a situation has revealed the inadequacies of the crisis management systems, which are - by design - aimed at efficient prevention of such situations as well as safety assurance and development of conditions for further advancement, i.e., containment of threat escalation, to the extent possible. The historical review of various events, analysis of the examined organizations’ practices as well as overview of the legislation have led the Authors to address the issue of personal data protection throughout the ongoing pandemic. The article is thereby aimed at cataloging the risks and development of guidelines for operation during the COVID-19 pandemic, with respect to personal data protection. Design/methodology/approach: For the purpose of the article, multiple case studies were conducted in various organizations, where one of the article co-authors acted as a professional Data Protection Officer. The research was carried out in 20 entities of different business profiles. Findings: The main problems identified involved: body temperature measurement consents, virus test result or immunization data sharing, introduction of COVID-19 questionnaires and visiting regulations, employers’ epidemiological proceedings conduct, and remote work models. Practical implications: The study resulted in the formulation of recommendations, regarding the steps to be taken by organizations in order to establish a catalog of risks via the following: identification of the actual risks, conduction of a risk assessment, development of a catalog of appropriate undertakings and procedures, preparation and maintenance of forces and resources, as well as definition of the principles for interaction of the actors involved. Further, a recommendation for implementation of a schedule of operation, based on the crisis management guidelines, has been formulated. Consequently, the basis for effective organizational operation involves ongoing verification of the procedures against the Chief Sanitary Inspector’s and the Ministry of Health’s guidelines, as well as observation and ongoing update of the trends in the crisis management changes. Originality/value: By identifying a catalogue of risks and formulating guidelines for action during a COVID-19 pandemic in relation to data protection, this article can contribute to the discussion on appropriate practices and strategies in this area. Simultaneously, it provides a valuable perspective on the adaptation of organizations to the dynamic changes in crisis management in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

14

Concept of the competence center at the Silesian University of Technology – innovative partnership of science and industry in the field of safety and crisis management

Dyczko Artur, Urbanek Aldona, Toś Piotr, Wolniak Radosław, Stecuła Kinga

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 197

99--112

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present the key assumptions and the importance of creating the Competence Center at the Silesian University of Technology, which is to be an innovative partnership between science and industry in the area of security and crisis management. The article aims to draw attention to the need to change the approach to safety in industry and to open new opportunities for employers, academic staff and students by integrating the latest scientific achievements with industrial practice. Design/methodology/approach: The first method is the literature analysis: analysis of international literature from main databases and Polish literature and legal acts connecting with the researched topic. Moreover, the article presents a specific concept of the competence center that is being established at the Silesian University of Technology. Findings: The findings indicate that creating a Competence Center at the Silesian University of Technology can significantly enhance safety and crisis management in industry by integrating scientific advancements with industrial practices. The proposed structure and methods for the Center emphasize modern training programs, crisis simulations, and the use of advanced technologies like AI and data analysis to improve risk management. Originality/Value: The article presents the original concept of the new groundbreaking Competence Center for security and crisis management at the Silesian University of Technology.

15

Adjusting the lens – quality management in v4 countries through times of crises

Zapłata Sławomir, Rogala Piotr, Marciniak Robert, Folta Martin, Richnák Patrik

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 191

659--688

EN

Purpose: The idea of the study is to understand fluctuation in quality management depending on organizational context. The primary purpose of this article is to analyze changes in quality management in four countries grouped in V4 (The Visegrad Group) in the prism of macroeconomic crises, over the last five years. The following research question was formulated: What influences market saturation with a formal approach to quality management (ISO 9001 certificates), and when? Design/methodology/approach: The considerations are based on a systematic literature review (SLR) and an analysis of the long-term data of ISO survey – certifications. The data was compared among V4 countries and an attempt was made to relate the results to economy-wide indicators, especially in turbulent environments. Findings: The results show no clear and unidirectional relationships between the number of ISO 9001 certifications and macroeconomic data. This was identified for the V4 group as a whole and for individual countries, as well. Implementation of the QMS is an individual decision of each organization, depending on closely related microeconomic factors. Research limitations/implications: Research findings always represent a slice of a larger reality. In that research paper limitations concern: the period of analysis, literature review in English and supplemented locally in the native languages, focusing on the V4 area. Findings implicate quality management’s perceptions need to adjust the lens to understand macro numbers of certificates by the circumstances and adjust micro decisions in organizations in the QM area depending on the crisis phase on the market.Originality/value: The article analyses certification data in previously unpresented form. Results were compared between V4 countries in the prism of times of crisis with an indication of certificate saturation rates and an attempt to explain macroeconomic fluctuations. The research results are helpful for researchers exploring quality management issues, and all organizations that can relativize the importance of quality management.

16

Zarządzanie kryzysowe jako część zarządzania bezpieczeństwem państwa a wybrane programy współpracy transgranicznej w unijnej perspektywie finansowej 2021-2027

Pieniążek Agnieszka

Wiedza Obronna

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2024

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nr 2

10--28

PL

Programy współpracy transgranicznej wspierają procesy rozwojowe, przyczyniając się do poprawy jakości życia mieszkańców regionów przygranicznych. Celem artykułu jest zbadanie w jakim zakresie wybrane programy Interreg: NEXT Polska-Ukraina oraz Polska-Słowacja, wdrażane w Polsce w perspektywie finansowej 2021-2027, mogą wspierać zarządzanie kryzysowe. Przeprowadzone analizy posłużyły weryfikacji hipotez: 1) przedsięwzięcia związane z zarządzaniem kryzysowym zajmują istotne miejsce, przy czym w programie wdrażanym wzdłuż zewnętrznej granicy UE możliwa jest realizacja działań, w obszarze zarządzania jej przekraczaniem oraz 2) przedsięwzięcia te są możliwe do sfinansowania zarówno przez podmioty administracji publicznej, jak i podmioty sektora pozarządowego. Analizy potwierdziły, że działania związane z zarządzaniem kryzysowym są możliwe do sfinansowania w ramach wielu obszarów tematycznych. Istnieją jednak pewne różnice wynikające z ich realizacji wzdłuż zewnętrznej lub wewnętrznej granicy UE.

EN

Cross-border cooperation programs support development processes, contributing to improving the quality of life of residents of border regions. The purpose of the article is to examine to what extent selected crossborder cooperation programs Interreg: NEXT Poland-Ukraine and Poland-Slovakia, implemented in Poland in the financial perspective 2021-2027, can support crisis management. The analyses conducted served to verify the hypotheses: 1) crisis management related activities have an important place, but in the program implemented along the external border of the EU it is possible to implement activities, in the area of managing its crossing, and 2) these activities can be financed by public administration entities and non-governmental organization. The analyses confirmed that crisis management activities are fundable under several thematic areas. However, there are some differences due to their implementation along the external or internal EU border.

17

Logistyka humanitarna : perspektywa teorii i praktyki

Marciniak Dominika

Wiedza Obronna

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2024

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nr 3

155--179

PL

Celem artykułu jest usystematyzowanie wiedzy na temat podejść definiujących logistykę humanitarną oraz identyfikacja wybranych aspektów praktycznych na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań. Zastosowaną metodą badawczą jest sondaż diagnostyczny z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza ankiety. Pytania kwestionariusza odnoszą się do następujących zagadnień: elastyczności działań i szybkości dostaw, kryteriów wyboru dostawców oraz czynników wpływających na projektowanie humanitarnego łańcucha dostaw. Sondaż był przeprowadzony na próbie 101 osób z 75 organizacji, które odpowiadają za działaniaw czasie sytuacji kryzysowych. Badane organizacje oceniają pozytywnie swoje zdolności do przeprowadzania zmian oraz szybkość dostaw w czasie sytuacji kryzysowych. Najważniejszym czynnikiem determinującym wybór dostawców jest cena, w znacząco mniejszym stopniu szybkość, elastyczność i jakość. Na projektowanie humanitarnego łańcucha dostaw największy wpływ ma niepowtarzalność sytuacji kryzysowych, niepewność dotycząca bieżącej sytuacji na miejscu zdarzenia oraz niepewność informacji niezbędnych do zaplanowania operacji logistycznych.

EN

The aim of the article is to systematize knowledge about the approaches defining humanitarian logistics and to identify selected practical aspects based on the research conducted. The research method used is a diagnostic survey. The questionnaire questions refer to issues such as flexibility of activities, delivery velocity, criteria for selecting suppliers, and factors influencing the design of the humanitarian chain from the perspective of the agility principle. The survey was conducted on a sample of 101 people from 75 organizations responsible for actions during crisis situations. The surveyed organizations positively assess their ability to implement changes and the delivery velocity during crisis situations. The most important factor determining the choice of suppliers is price, and to a much lesser extent speed, flexibility and quality. The design of a humanitarian supply chain is most influenced by the uniqueness of crisis situations, uncertainty regarding the current situation at the scene and the uncertainty of information necessary to plan logistics operations.

18

Zarządzanie systemami kryzysowymi

Świgoń Zenon

Technologia Wody

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2024

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Nr 1 (83)

56-58

19

Method of analysis and forecast of the risk of threats to the area of the Pomeranian Voivodeship resulting from climate change

Diemientiew Grzegorz

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2024

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Vol. 56, No. 3(213)

5--24

EN

The issue of climate change is one of the key political, social and economic aspects of the modern world. Many theories, controversies and misunderstandings have arisen around this problem, which gave the impression that this is irrelevant from the economic and social points of view. However, a number of worrying climatic phenomena indicate that this issue cannot be underestimated. In particular, it is difficult to argue with the events that are already taking place and indicate that the current climate change may pose a threat to both human health and life, as well as the functioning of the economy, or the environment itself. The obstacles and dynamic nature of climate change require crisis management structures to carry out in-depth risk analyses. The article is a proposal and introduction to the subject of risk analysis at the county level, taking into account the sensitivity and adaptive potential of the presented region.

PL

Kwestia zmian klimatu jest jednym z kluczowych aspektów politycznych, społecznych i gospodarczych współczesnego świata. Wokół tego tematu powstało wiele teorii, kontrowersji i nieporozumień, które sprawiają wrażenie, że jest on nieistotny z punktu widzenia gospodarki i społeczeństwa. Szereg niepokojących zjawisk klimatycznych wskazuje jednak, że problemu tego nie można bagatelizować. W szczególności trudno polemizować ze zdarzeniami, które już mają miejsce i wskazują, że obecne zmiany klimatyczne mogą stanowić zagrożenie zarówno dla zdrowia iżycia ludzi, jak i funkcjonowania gospodarki, czy też dla samego środowiska naturalnego. Problematyka i dynamika zmian klimatycznych wymaga od struktur zarządzania kryzysowego przeprowadzenia dogłębnej analizy ryzyka. Artykuł jest propozycją i wprowadzeniem do tematyki analizy ryzyka na poziomie powiatu, z uwzględnieniem wrażliwości i potencjału adaptacyjnego prezentowanego regionu.

20

Improvement Options and Directions for Crisis Management Exercises Organised by Local Governmental Administration on the Example of Podkarpackie Voivodship - Theoretical Assumptions

Wiśniewski Bernard, Czupryński Andrzej, Ziobro Jan, Kujawa Karol

Safety & Fire Technology

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2024

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Vol. 64, iss. 2

128--135

EN

Purpose: The objective of the presented analysis is to offer theoretical assumptions for the research work of the team appointed for the purposes of the Voivodship Crisis Management Team exercises organised by the Voivode of Podkarpackie. The authors present the basis for developing the methodology of the project aiming at defining the options and methods for improving the exercises organised by local governmental administration. Introduction: The analyses conducted by the above-mentioned team aimed at finding sources of knowledge and information related to the organisation of exercises by local governmental administration and determination of the practical usability of the related scientific theories. The works conducted involved such specific problems as: definition of the essentials of the organisation of crisis management pratice activities by local governmental administration, identification of organisation improvement needs related to crisis management by local governmental administration and definition of the conditions and perspectives for the improvement of the organisation of the subject exercises. The adopted assumptions indicated that the options of improvement of the organisation of exercises by the local governmental administration of Podkarpackie Voivodship should be sought in the emerging new organisational solutions and access to the preparation and completion analytics and efficiency assessment tools. Methodology: The authors focused on the review of the methodological assumptions of exercises and the applicable regulations and documents used in the public administration office serving the Voivode and local government bodies of Podkarpackie Voivodship. Conclusions: The above-mentioned review confirmed the belief in the importance of exercises for the crisis operations improvement process. It is crucial for the preparation of the local communities for emergencies. Above all, it enables the practical application of crisis management plans, which enables identifying deficiencies and areas to improve. Those operations may be improved by preparing a scientific approach to the organisation and assessment of exercises and selection of appropriate legal and scientific bases. The next stage in the works of the authors team will consist in the analysis of local exercises and drawing comprehensive conclusions.

PL

Cel: Celem prezentowanych rozważań jest przedstawienie założeń teoretycznych do pracy badawczej zespołu powołanego na potrzeby realizowanych przez wojewodę podkarpackiego ćwiczeń Wojewódzkiego Zespołu Zarządzania Kryzysowego. Autorzy prezentują podstawy do opracowania metodyki w ramach projektu ukierunkowanego na określenie możliwości i sposobów doskonalenia ćwiczeń organizowanych przez terenową administrację rządową. Wprowadzenie: Analizy prowadzone przez wspomniany zespół ukierunkowane były na poszukiwanie źródeł wiedzy i informacji związanych z organizacją przez terenową administrację rządową ćwiczeń oraz określenie praktycznej przydatności teorii naukowych w tym zakresie. Zrealizowane prace dotyczyły takich zagadnień szczegółowych jak: określenie podstaw organizacji ćwiczeń z zakresu zarządzania kryzysowego przez terenową administrację rządową, identyfikacja potrzeb doskonalenia organizacji z zakresu zarządzania kryzysowego przez terenową administrację rządową oraz określenie uwarunkowań i perspektyw doskonalenia organizacji przedmiotowych ćwiczeń. Przyjęte założenia wskazywały na to, że możliwości doskonalenia w przeprowadzaniu ćwiczeń terenowej administracji rządowej województwa podkarpackiego należy szukać w pojawiających się nowych rozwiązaniach organizacyjnych oraz dostępie do narzędzi analizy i oceny efektywności oraz skuteczności ich przygotowywania i przeprowadzania. Metodologia: Autorzy skupili się na przeglądzie założeń metodologii szkoleń i obowiązujących przepisów prawa oraz dokumentów wykorzystywanych w urzędzie administracji publicznej obsługującym wojewodę oraz organy samorządu województwa podkarpackiego. Wnioski: Powyższy przegląd utwierdza w przekonaniu, jak ważnym w procesie doskonalenia działań w sytuacjach kryzysowych są ćwiczenia. Odgrywają one kluczową rolę w przygotowaniu lokalnych społeczności na sytuacje awaryjne. Przede wszystkim umożliwiają praktyczne zastosowanie planów kryzysowych, co pozwala na identyfikację ewentualnych luk i obszarów wymagających poprawy. Dzięki opracowaniu naukowego podejścia do organizacji i oceny tych ćwiczeń, oraz wyborze odpowiednich podstaw prawnych i naukowych, działania te można doskonalić. Kolejny etap prac zespołu autorskiego polegać będzie na analizie przeprowadzonych lokalnie ćwiczeń i wyciągnięciu z nich kompleksowych wniosków.