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1

Psychological factors in curriculum innovations and policy-making in Nigeria

Fagbemi Mowaiye

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2025

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Vol. 57, No.2(216)

37--52

EN

Policy-making by authorities, especially the government of any country is not only significant but central and critical to the development and progress. The mode of policy-making can make or mar any society and country. It is not something that can be taken lightly or treated with levity in any aspect of societal life. Every society that has ever made significant development and progress has done so by focusing on its educational systems and the critical policies from which they evolve and are executed. Nigeria, as a developing country, aspires to join the comity of more developed nations and therefore believes that evolving educational policies can help in achieving this goal. However, making policies is one thing; how they evolve, their execution, and aftermath, are entirely different matters. When execution is poorly carried out or the policies are inadequately formulated, they have no impact and are impractical. It is said that curriculum innovations can introduce changes to an existing curriculum to improve it or bring forth a greater level of progress in its making. Many factors need to be considered when implementing innovations in the curriculum, these include the psychological impact, on its recipients. This is an area that is largely neglected by government policymakers in Nigeria, who usually introduce curriculum innovations and education policies that tend to impair rather than enhance academic studies and progress for students. This paper attempts to make a ground assessment of new policy implementations using selected states as case studies, while simultaneously examining the psychological effects of policymakers. It delves into this neglected area of the nation’s life and analyses how different policy innovations in the curriculum and educational sector in Nigeria have served more as impediments rather than enhances for recipients.

PL

Kształtowanie polityki przez organy władzy, a w szczególności rząd, jest nie tylko ważne, ale ma również kluczowe znaczenie dla rozwoju i postępu. Sposób, w jaki tworzona jest polityka państwa, może rozstrzygać o rozwoju lub niepowodzeniu społeczeństwa lub kraju. W żadnym aspekcie życia społecznego nie jest ona czymś, co może być traktowane lekkomyślnie i bez powagi. Każde społeczeństwo, które kiedykolwiek poczyniło znaczące postępy, zawdzięcza je skupieniu wysiłków na rozwoju oraz realizowaniu systemu edukacyjnego i kluczowych wytycznych. Nigeria, jako państwo rozwijające się, dąży do nawiązania współpracy międzynarodowej z bardziej rozwiniętymi narodami, dlatego też ma nadzieję, że adaptacja oświaty pomoże w osiągnięciu tego celu. Jednakże tworzenie ustawodawstwa to jedno, ale to, w jaki sposób będzie ono nowelizowane, egzekwowane i jakie przyniesie skutki, pozostaje osobnym problemem. Źle przeprowadzana realizacja lub nieodpowiednio sformułowane wytyczne nie przyniosą żadnych korzyści i staną się niepraktyczne. Innowacje programowe mogą wprowadzić zmiany do obecnego programu nauczania lub podnieść poziom postępu w jego tworzeniu. W trakcie wdrażania tych ulepszeń wiele czynników musi zostać wziętych pod uwagę, między innymi psychologiczny wpływ na jego odbiorców. W Nigerii obszar ten jest poważnie zaniedbywany przez decydentów, którzy wprowadzają innowacje do programu nauczania i wytycznych edukacyjnych, efektem czego jest raczej obniżenie postępu uczniów, niż jego podniesienie. W artykule podjęto próbę oceny nowo wprowadzonych wytycznych w wybranych stanach jako studium przypadku, a jednocześnie zbadano ich psychologiczny wpływ. Skupiono się na tym zaniedbywanym aspekcie życia społecznego i analizie, w jaki sposób różne reformy polityki kraju, pod kątem sektora edukacji i programu nauczania w Nigerii, powodują więcej szkody niż korzyści dla odbiorców.

2

Sensitivity analysis of social profit from cereal grain dryer’s energy modernization

Knutel Bernard, Bukowski Przemysław, Wojtko Paulina

Rynek Energii

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2025

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Nr 1

78--82

EN

The article presents the sensitivity analysis results of the SROI social profit indicator resulting from implementing 3 energy modernizations in a drying facility. As part of the research, a set of 10 independent variables were identified that describe an energy-saving project and may affect its social profitability. They were energy, economic, environmental and social parameters. The sensitivity analysis identified the direction and strength of the impact of fluctuations in selected variables on the meter's value. The SROI indicator for the analyzed investment was the most sensitive to changes in investment outlays, showing a negative correlation.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia rezultaty przeprowadzonej analizy wrażliwości wskaźnika zysku społecznego SROI wynikającego z wdrożenia w obiekcie suszarniczym 3 modernizacji energetycznych. W ramach przeprowadzonych badań zidentyfikowano zestaw 10 zmiennych niezależnych opisujących przedsięwzięcie energooszczędne i mogących oddziaływać na jego opłacalność społeczną. Stanowiły je parametry o charakterze energetycznym, ekonomicznym, środowiskowym i socjalnym. Poprzez przeprowadzoną analizę czułości zidentyfikowano kierunek i siłę oddziaływania wahań wybranych zmiennych na wartość miernika. Wskaźnik SROI dla analizowanej inwestycji był najbardziej wrażliwy na zmianę nakładów inwestycyjnych wykazując korelacje ujemną.

3

Investigation of factors affecting dose-area product during single-vessel percutaneous coronary intervention at the General Hospital of Ioannina „CHATZIKOSTA”

Bousis Christos Nikolaos, Karanikis Pavlos, Kotsia Anna, Gkoritsa Sofia, Tzima Eleni, Pappa Evgenia Kleanthis

Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 31, Iss. 1

39--50

EN

Introduction: To process and analyze radiation exposure data from a patient population that underwent single-vessel percutaneous coronary interventions. Materials and Methods: Dose-area product, fluoroscopy time and number of cineangiography frames were retrospectively collected from 289 patients between January 8, 2021 and February 20, 2023, and their medians were compared with the established national and international diagnostic reference levels. Several patient-, disease-, and procedure-related variables were analyzed in a multiple linear regression statistical model with a dose-area product as the primary endpoint. Results: The present dose-area product data exceeded most of the proposed diagnostic reference levels (1.8 to 3.0 times higher than the updated European benchmarks), while the opposite trend was observed for fluoroscopy time and cineangiography frames. Through multivariate analysis, each 5 units increase in body mass index led to a 1.17-fold change in dose-area product (95% confidence interval: 1.13 to 1.20); female dose-area product was lower than male (0.83, 95% confidence interval: 0.78 to 0.89); elective (vs ad-hoc) procedures were associated with a decrease in dose-area product (0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.82 to 0.95); treating complex (vs simple) lesions increased dose-area product by a factor of 1.15 (95% confidence interval: 1.07 to 1.24); each two minute rise in fluoroscopy time conferred a 1.08-fold change in dose-air product (95% confidence interval: 1.07 to 1.09). Conclusions: Elevated dose-area product underscores the need for investigation. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that higher bone-mass index, male gender, procedural complexity, ad-hoc percutaneous coronary interventions and fluoroscopy time were associated with the highest increase in dose-area product.

4

Factors affecting corporate social responsibility of Vietnamese commercial banks

Hang Bui Thi Thu, Nguyen Yen Hai Thi

Management

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2025

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Vol. 29, no. 1

43--64

EN

Design/methodology/approach: A multi-method approach was employed to measure CSR using both quantitative and qualitative methods for 29 commercial banks from 2012 to 2021. Monetary data was specifically used to evaluate the extent of corporate social responsibility expenditure (CSRE). The content analysis method was utilized to create the corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) index. This study examines the influence of factors such as profitability, bank size, bank age, financial leverage, and listing status on stock exchange. To examine the causal relationships among these factors, several statistical methods were utilized, including Pooled OLS, fixed effects model (FEM), random effects model (REM) and the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS).

5

Eutrophication dynamics and driving factors in Xiangshan Bay (2000-2024) in China

Ye Linan, Xu Guofeng, Ren Min, Zhu Zhiqing, Zhang Haibo, Zhang Yushun, Jing Yudi

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2025

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Vol. 32, nr 2

257--272

EN

This research investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of eutrophication in Xiangshan Bay from 2000 to 2024. By integrating long-term monitoring data and statistical analyses, the study elucidates the evolutionary trends, spatial distribution patterns, and underlying driving mechanisms of eutrophication in the bay. Evaluations using the Eutrophication Index (EI) and the Trophic Index (TRIX) reveal that the water quality in Xiangshan Bay has remained in a eutrophic state for at least the past 25 years, exhibiting an overall trend of initial increase followed by a decline. The eutrophication level reached its peak in 2016 and has since shown a downward trend, a shift largely attributed to the effective implementation of environmental protection policies by the Chinese government. These policies include measures such as pollution reduction, industrial restructuring, and the optimisation of spatial distribution of pollution sources. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen (DIN), and Dissolved Inorganic Phosphorus (DIP) were identified as the primary pollutants driving eutrophication changes in Xiangshan Bay, with their concentrations heavily influenced by human activities and land-based pollution inputs. Spatiotemporal analysis further highlights significant spatial heterogeneity across the bay, characterised by a distinct gradient from the “port area” to the “central bay area” and the “inner bay area”. Seasonal variations were also observed: COD concentrations were significantly higher in winter compared to spring, summer, and autumn, while DIN concentrations peaked in summer. Conversely, DIP concentrations were elevated in autumn and winter relative to spring and summer. The seasonal growth and decline of phytoplankton were identified as key drivers of eutrophication dynamics. This research provides critical insights into the mechanisms of eutrophication in semi-enclosed bays and offers a scientific foundation for developing targeted management strategies to mitigate eutrophication. Furthermore, it contributes to the broader goal of promoting the sustainable health and resilience of coastal ecosystems.

6

Optimization of cementitious mixes through response surface method: a systematic review

Hurtado-Alonso Nerea, Manso-Morato Javier, Revilla-Cuesta Victor, Skaf Marta, Ortega-López Vanesa

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 25, no. 1

art. no. e54, 2025

EN

The pursuit of cement-based materials with enhanced mechanical performance in the construction industry involves formulating numerous mixtures with varied contents of raw materials. However, the scarcity or contamination of these materials demands optimization methods to minimize the number of trials required. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a statistical experimental optimization method with which relations between sets of factors and responses can be established. This systematic review aims to analyze the existing literature on RSM models developed to achieve optimum levels in cementitious mixes. Over 100 papers were analyzed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) format. A comprehensive review of the RSM analyses in those studies and their effectiveness is conducted, through the evaluation of their optimized factors and responses, the selection of their design models, their use of ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA), and the determination of their coefficients of determination (R2). Factors such as water/cement ratio and binder content prevailed in most models, the predominant responses of which were, respectively, compressive strength and workability. Although the use of ANOVA is commonly used to demonstrate the validity of the models, the studies replicating the mix with optimal levels of all factors are necessary to validate the results. On the basis of this review and depending on the responses that need to be maximized or minimized, the application of RSM can clearly be very crucial when quantifying the effects of new raw materials, whether recovered waste or natural resources, on mix behaviour.

7

On the Correlation between Random Variables and their Principal Components

Gniazdowski Zenon

Zeszyty Naukowe Warszawskiej Wyższej Szkoły Informatyki

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2023

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nr 28

41--55

EN

The article attempts to find an algebraic formula describing the correlation coefficients between random variables and the principal components representing them. As a result of the analysis, starting from selected statistics relating to individual random variables, the equivalents of these statistics relating to a set of random variables were presented in the language of linear algebra, using the concepts of vector and matrix. This made it possible, in subsequent steps, to derive the expected formula. The formula found is identical to the formula used in Factor Analysis to calculate factor loadings. The discussion showed that it is possible to apply this formula to optimize the number of principal components in Principal Component Analysis, as well as to optimize the number of factors in Factor Analysis.

8

Factors responsible for socio-spatial segregation in the housing neighbourhoods of Minna, Nigeria

Dzukogi Usman Abubakar, Yusuf Alapata Ahmed

Structure and Environment

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2023

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Vol. 15, no. 2

82--89

EN

Segregation in the housing sector has exposed urban dwellers to series of unfavourable conditions in most cities of developing countries, which are as a result several factors. This paper is aimed at examining the factors influencing segregation in the housing neighbourhoods of Minna, Nigeria. Two-stage cluster sampling methods were adopted in the selection of neighbourhoods and households across the entire sample frame in the administration of 374 questionnaires across the 25 clustered neighbourhoods. Chi-square and Relative Importance Index (RII) as well as mean score to determine neighbourhood geographical segregation indicators pattern across all the 25 neighbourhoods in the study area. The study established that there is a significant difference between low, medium, and high density neighbourhoods in terms segregation factors in the study area. It was therefore suggested that a good urban governance structure should be put in place that will discourage class divisions among spatial entities of the city.

PL

W większości miast krajów rozwijających się segregacja w sektorze mieszkaniowym postawiła mieszkańców miast w obliczu szeregu niekorzystnych warunków, wynikających z kilku czynników. Niniejszy artykuł ma na celu zbadanie czynników wpływających na segregację w dzielnicach mieszkaniowych miasta Minna w Nigerii. Zastosowano dwuetapowe metody próbkowania klastrowego w doborze dzielnic i gospodarstw domowych w całym operacie losowania w celu rozdania 374 kwestionariuszy w 25 klastrach dzielnic. Wykorzystano wskaźnik chi-kwadrat i wskaźnik względnego znaczenia (RII), a także średni wynik w celu określenia wzorca wskaźników segregacji geograficznej we wszystkich 25 dzielnicach na badanym obszarze. Badanie wykazało, że istnieje znacząca różnica między dzielnicami o niskiej, średniej i wysokiej gęstości zaludnienia pod kątem czynników segregacji na badanym obszarze. W związku z tym zasugerowano, że należy wprowadzić dobrą strukturę zarządzania miastem, która zniechęci do podziałów klasowych między jednostkami przestrzennymi miasta.

9

Modeling of labor potential of Ukraine: formation of knowledge base

Zayukov Ivan V., Kobylianska Iryna M., Kobylianskyi Oleksandr V., Dembitska Sofia V.

Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska

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2022

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T. 12, nr 3

74--78

EN

The adaptation of the Ukrainian economy to the requirements of the European Union requires increasing the effectiveness of the system of making public management decisions regarding the development and assessment of the labor potential of our country. Currently, a unified system of evaluation indicators of the labor potential of Ukraine has not yet been developed. The authors substantiated and systematized the groups of medicodemographic, socio-economic and educational factors that affect the health of the employed population, and suggested the use of the "preserving the health of the employed population" indicator for assessing the labor potential. Accordingly, a mathematical model for evaluating the health of the employed population at the macro level is proposed, which is based on the theory of fuzzy logic. The application of the proposed model will make it possible to increase the efficiency of the system of public management decision-making in the process of developing concepts, strategies, and practical measures for the implementation of policies for the preservation of the health of the employed population, as well as to make timely adjustments during implementation, which should positively reflect on the steady growth of the index human development (HDI).

PL

Dostosowanie gospodarki ukraińskiej do wymogów Unii Europejskiej wymaga zwiększenia efektywności systemu podejmowania decyzji z zakresu zarządzania publicznego dotyczących rozwoju i oceny potencjału pracy kraju. Obecnie nie został jeszcze opracowany jednolity system wskaźników oceny potencjału pracy Ukrainy. Autorzy uzasadnili i usystematyzowali grupy medyczno-demograficznych, społeczno-ekonomicznych i edukacyjnych czynników, które wpływają na zdrowie populacji zatrudnionych, i zaproponowali wykorzystanie wskaźnika "zachowanie zdrowia populacji zatrudnionych" do oceny potencjału pracy. W związku z tym zaproponowano model matematyczny oceny stanu zdrowia populacji zatrudnionych na poziomie makro, który opiera się na teorii logiki rozmytej. Zastosowanie proponowanego modelu umożliwi zwiększenie efektywności systemu podejmowania decyzji w zarządzaniu publicznym w procesie opracowywania koncepcji, strategii i praktycznych środków realizacji polityki zachowania zdrowia populacji zatrudnionych, a także dokonywania terminowych korekt w trakcie realizacji, co powinno pozytywnie wpłynąć na stały wzrost wskaźnika rozwoju społecznego (HDI).

10

Factors shaping the Venice Charter and its usefulness – on the example of heritage protection in Poland

Szmygin Bogusław

Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych

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2021

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T. 17, nr 3

84--90

EN

In the collection of dozens of doctrinal documents on the protection of heritage, the Venice Charter occupies a unique position. The Venice Charter was created more than half a century ago, but it is still treated as the universal, basic document of the heritage protection. This is confirmed by numerous declarations emphasizing the validity of the Venice Charter, contained in many doctrinal documents adopted by ICOMOS, and even in the Operational Guidelines of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. The Venice Charter is therefore a kind of decalogue for the monument protection [1]. However, every few years there are discussions whether Venice Charter still retains this position. This problem is not resolved unequivocally. However, in the twenty-first century, it can be stated that Venice Charter is not an universal document and cannot be a document shaping the entire heritage protection. This is shown by the reception of the Venice Charter by the Polish conservation community over the past decades. The change of the Venice Charter position is particularly clear in the context of the system transformation that took place as a result of the fall of communism in 1989. This change shows well that doctrinal documents of the heritage protection reflect the external conditions in which they are created. Their importance and usefulness is in principle limited to specific conditions and a specific group of heritage. This is also how the Venice Charter should be treated.

11

Safety of the reinforced concrete structure in selected design and execution parameters

Ordon-Beska Beata

Quality Production Improvement - QPI

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2021

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Vol. 3, Iss. 1

348--356

EN

The chapter discusses selected standard parameters for the safety of a building structure, which include reliability, serviceability and durability. The current Eurocodes in Poland formulate the concept of reliability for the period from the design concept to the end of the intended service life. Hence, the reliability of the structure is influenced by factors related to the stage of investment preparation, design works, execution as well as the use and maintenance of the facility. The Eurocodes formulate otherwise obvious requirements as to the qualifications of engineering and labor staff, supervision and quality control of the implementation of design and construction works, the requirement to use materials compliant with the applicable standards, and proper maintenance of the facility and use in accordance with the assumptions. Such requirements were not formulated in previously binding standards. According to the author, the appearance of such provisions should be treated as a direct assumption of high standards. The issue of the value of service loads and the accuracy of their mapping was discussed. Attention was also paid to the problem of significant complexity of the climatic load patterns. The Ultimate and Serviceability Limit States are explained. In terms of impacts, the issue of their value and possible calculation schemes was raised. In terms of materials - concrete and steel, the general research and relationships between the most important strength properties are discussed. The issue of geometric dimensional deviations and the method of their adoption were also discussed, with particular emphasis on the reinforcement cover at the design and execution stage.

12

Factors governing the differentiation of stem cells in tissue engineering - a review

Bacakova Lucie

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2021

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Vol. 24, no. 163

8

13

Macro-level comparison of the banking system in Ukraine and Poland

Girchenko Tetiana Dmytrivna, Serdiukova Olha Ivanivna, Gongalo Natalia

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie

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2020

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Nr 82

97--108

EN

The article analyzes the features of the banking systems in Ukraine and Poland. The main factors influencing the dynamics of the banking sector in Ukraine are systematized. A retrospective analysis of the banking system’s formation shows that during this period it experienced 4 crises, the catalysts of which are both external and internal factors. The mechanism of functioning of the National Bank of Ukraine’s (NBU) banking supervision system is considered in detail, in particular, the mechanism of control over the functioning of the country's banking system, identification of risks in the activities of banking institutions (CAMELSO rating, determination of early response indicators, etc.). The main achievements of the Ukraine’s banking system in 2019 in terms of seven strategic goals are considered, and the directions for future work are outlined. In order to follow the positive useful experience of Poland, the main stages of the country’s banking system formation are analyzed. Much attention is paid to the aspect of consolidation of bank capital from Polish owners. Due to these actions, it was possible to achieve a significant increase in the volume of banking services in the country and the growth of the banking system as a whole. There is also a significant disparity in the amount of the minimum authorized capital in the banks of Poland and Ukraine and it is proposed that they should reduce the minimum amount of authorized capital for the banks of Ukraine.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę cech systemu bankowego na Ukrainie i w Polsce. Usystematyzowano główne czynniki wpływające na dynamikę sektora bankowego na Ukrainie. Dokonano retrospektywnej analizy formowania się systemu bankowego i stwierdzono, że w tym okresie doszło do czterech kryzysów, których katalizatorami są zarówno czynniki zewnętrzne, jak i wewnętrzne. Szczegółowo rozpatrzono mechanizm funkcjonowania w systemie nadzoru bankowego NBU, w szczególności mechanizm kontroli nad funkcjonowaniem systemu bankowego kraju, oraz wskazano rodzaje ryzyka w działalności instytucji bankowych (rating CAMELSO, określenie wskaźników wczesnego reagowania itp.). Uwzględniono główne osiągnięcia ukraińskiego systemu bankowego w 2019 r. w zakresie siedmiu celów strategicznych oraz nakreślono kierunki prac na 2020 r. Aby prześledzić pozytywne, użyteczne doświadczenia Polski, przeanalizowano główne etapy tworzenia systemu bankowego w kraju. Wiele uwagi poświęca się takiemu aspektowi, jak konsolidacja kapitału bankowego od polskich właścicieli. Dzięki tym działaniom udało się osiągnąć znaczący wzrost wolumenu usług bankowych w kraju oraz wzrost całego systemu bankowego. W bankach Polski i Ukrainy występuje również znaczna dysproporcja w wysokości minimalnego kapitału zakładowego i proponuje się, aby banki te obniżały minimalną wysokość kapitału zakładowego dla banków Ukrainy.

14

Monitoring the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the educational services industry

Miśko Rafał

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2020

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z. 143

207--217

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to create a tool for monitoring the growth and development factors of SMEs in the educational services industry. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the goal of the paper, key factors were identified, and then the Leppard questionnaire was adapted. A tool was created, which consists of questions related to the use of key growth and development factors. Findings: The questionnaire has 29 questions divided into 9 groups. The respondent's task is to determine on the Likert scale 1-5 (1 - means definitely disagree, and 5 - strongly agree) the level of truth of the statement with regard to the organisation that the respondent owns or manages. Research limitations/implications: The most severe disadvantage of the proposed tool seems to be its subjective nature. To reduce subjectivity, the Delphi method may be useful. Practical implications: The proposed tool can be an essential source of knowledge for entrepreneurs. Thanks to this, they can focus on the most important aspects of the development of their enterprises and will be able to increase the competitiveness of their business. Originality/value: This paper reveals the potential uses of a new tool for monitoring the growth and development of SME.

15

Detailed analysis of grr study results and their visualization

Mikulová Pavlína, Plura Jiří

Quality Production Improvement - QPI

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2019

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Vol. 1, Iss. 1

479--486

EN

The paper presents the possibilities of analyzing the measurement system repeatability and reproducibility (GRR) analysis results in more detail and their visualization. Based on real data, the influence of appraisers’ behavior on GRR analysis results is evaluated. The measured data obtained in the GRR study by three operators are analyzed in more detail for cases involving only two operators. Comparison of the behavior of individual operators is performed using Gaussian curves, which allow to evaluate graphically the repeatability of individual operators and the reproducibility of measurement system. This approach makes possible to visualize the GRR analysis results with regard to behavior of individual operators. Obtained results make possible to improve the interpretation of GRR analysis results and are useful for measurement system improvement.

16

Extreme Hydrological Phenomena in the Esil River Basin: Genesis, General Patterns of Manifestation

Plekhanov Petr Andreevich, Medeu Nadira Nusupkyzy

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 7

187--195

EN

The research subject involves dangerous hydrological phenomena (floods) in the Esil River Basin (Akmola and North Kazakhstan regions). The aim set by the authors was to improve the theoretical knowledge about floods and inundations, in order to contribute to solving the general problem of ensuring the safety of the territories in the Esil Water Management Basin (WMB) against harmful effects of water. In Kazakhstan, floods are caused by almost all known causes in the world: in most of the country – spring floods, the high-intensity rainfall. Additionally, there were cases when floods occurred as a result of dam failures (e.g. in the case of the Kyzylagash village in the Almaty region). Annually, the damage caused by floods throughout Kazakhstan amounts to several tens of billions of tenge. The predicted increase in air temperature and precipitation, coupled with the intensive development of farmland river valleys, will undoubtedly lead to the increase in the frequency and destructive power of floods. Therefore, developing a set of measures to prevent and protect against floods constitutes an urgent task. These measures will significantly reduce the expenses for the liquidation of the flood effects. The data on extreme hydrological phenomena (EHP) in the Esil River basin were collected and systematized. The conditions for the formation of high floods on the rivers of the researched region were studied. Various “typical” scenarios of the formation of dangerous and catastrophic floods were presented. The periods of passage of snow-melt floods (high floods) and other regularities of the intra-annual water regime in the Esil river basin were determined.

17

Analiza kreatywności studiujących pracowników w województwach śląskim oraz małopolskim

Skrzyp M., Wróbel A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2018

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z. 117

547--557

PL

Na podstawie przeglądu literatury, którego dokonano w pierwszej części artykułu, opisano czym jest kreatywność, wskazano czynniki, które wpływają na pobudzenie oraz osłabienie kreatywności wśród pracowników. Część badawcza przedstawia charakterystykę respondentów oraz ich ocenę poszczególnych czynników.

EN

The introductory part of the paper describes the concept of creativity and analyzes the factors enhancing and detracting creativity. The research-based part of the paper describes the results of the survey conducted by the authors. The paper compiles and summarizes the factors encouraging or discouraging employees to be creative in the workplace.

18

Fitomelatonina w produktach spożywczych

Anioła J., Malinowska A.

Przemysł Spożywczy

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2018

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T. 72, nr 1

38--40

PL

Melatonina, czyli hormon odpowiedzialny u ssaków za sen, występuje także w świecie roślinnym. W związku z prozdrowotnymi właściwościami melatoniny trwają badania nad możliwością wykorzystania jej bogatych naturalnych źródeł roślinnych. Stosunkowo duże ilości fitomelatoniny, tzn. powyżej 10 ng/g, znajdują się w papryce, pomidorach, truskawkach i wiśniach, ale najwięcej – w niektórych ziołach, np. liściach morwy białej (ok. 1500 ng/g) i w kwieciu dziurawca (4400 ng/g). Zawartość tego związku w roślinach jest jednak bardzo zmienna i zależy m.in. od odmiany, części anatomicznej rośliny, stopnia dojrzałości, warunków środowiskowych, zwłaszcza stresorów abiotycznych, takich jak silne światło, zimno, zasolenie oraz susza, gleby, a także od warunków przechowywania i obróbki. W praktyce uniemożliwia to zastosowanie naturalnych roślinnych źródeł tego hormonu do celów terapeutycznych.

EN

Melatonin, the hormone responsible for sleep in mammals, also occurs in the vegetable world. Due to its healthy properties, some research into the possibility of using its rich natural plant sources is continuing. Relatively high levels of phytomelatonin, i.e. more than 10 ng/g, were found in peppers, tomatoes, strawberries and cherries, but highest in some herbs, e.g. white mulberry leaves, were about 1500 ng/g and St John’s wort 4400 ng/g. The content of this compound in plants is, however, very variable and depends on the variety, the anatomical part of the plant, the degree of maturity, the environmental conditions, especially the abiotic stressors such as strong light, cold, salinity and drought, soil, and even storage and processing conditions. That practically limits the use of natural plant sources of this hormone for therapeutic purposes.

19

Adoption of sawah eco-technology in rice production by farm households in Kebbi State, Nigeria

Alarima C. I., Awotunde J. M., Adamu C. O., Akerele D., Masunaga T., Wakatsuki T.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2018

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no. 37

11--17

EN

This study examined factors influencing the adoption of sawah technology in Kebbi State, Nigeria. Sawah refers to levelled rice field surrounded by banks with inlet and outlet for irrigation and drainage. Using pre-tested interview guide, data were collected from 300 sawah farmers in the study area. Data collected were analysed with both descriptive and inferential statistics using STATA package. The results showed that respondents were predominantly male, married and had no formal education. The mean age of was 48.13 years with mean household size of 14 persons; farm sizes ranged from 1–50 hectares with average of 4.70 ha, the mean yield was 6.88 t∙ha–1. The results further showed that bond construction had 100% adoption, nursery 99%, puddling 98%, flooding 95%, leveling and smoothening 94% and power tiller use 88% adoption. Adoption of sawah technology was influenced by socio economic characteristics which include sex, age, educational level, farm size, yield and income of the farmers. The study also showed that the attributes of sawah, production factors, information and extension and perception of respondent toward sawah technology influenced adoption. It is concluded that the sawah eco-technology is widely adopted by rice farmers in Kebbi State. The study therefore recommended that dissemination of sawah to other states in Nigeria need to consider factors that promote its adoption. Improvement of those factors that significantly affect adoption of sawah technology is also recommended.

PL

Badano czynniki wpływające na stosowanie technologii sawah w stanie Kebbi w Nigerii. Sawah oznacza wyrównane pola ryżowe otoczone wałami z dopływem i odpływem wody do nawodnień i drenażu. Stosując sprawdzony uprzednio schemat wywiadu, zebrano dane od 300 rolników stosujących technologię sawah na badanym obszarze. Zebrane dane analizowano statystycznie z użyciem programu STATA. Wyniki wskazują, że ankietowani to w większości żonaci mężczyźni bez formalnego wykształcenia. Średnia wieku wynosiła 48,13 lat, liczba osób w gospodarstwie – 14, wielkość gospodarstwa – od 1 do 50 ha ze średnią 4,70 ha, a średni plon wynosił 6,88 t∙ha–1. Wyniki dowiodły również, że konstrukcje wzmacniające stosowane w tej technologii zyskały 100% akceptacji respondentów, szkółki – 99%, uszczelnianie gliną – 98%, zalewanie – 95%, wyrównywanie pól – 94%, a stosowanie mechanicznych kultywatorów – 88%. Na akceptację technologii sawah wpływały czynniki społeczno-ekonomiczne takie jak płeć, wiek, poziom wykształcenia, wielkość gospodarstwa, plon i przychody rolników. Badania dowiodły również, że właściwości sawah, czynniki produkcyjne, informacja i percepcja technologii przez respondentów wpływały na jej akceptację. Podsumowując, eko-technologia sawah jest szeroko akceptowana przez rolników w stanie Kebbi. Zaleca się, aby czynniki wpływające na akceptację technologii zostały uwzględnione przy poszerzaniu tej technologii na inne stany Nigerii. Pożądane jest również polepszanie tych czynników, które kształtują pozytywny odbiór technologii sawah przez rolników.

20

An Empirical Study on the Factors Affecting Software Development Productivity

Lavazza L., Morasca S., Tosi D.

e-Informatica Software Engineering Journal

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2018

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Vol. 12, nr 1

27-49

EN

Background : Software development productivity is widely investigated in the Software Engineering literature. However, continuously updated evidence on productivity is constantly needed, due to the rapid evolution of software development techniques and methods, and also the regular improvement in the use of the existing ones. Objectives : The main goal of this paper is to investigate which factors affect productivity. It was also investigated whether economies or diseconomies of scale exist and whether they may be influenced by productivity factors. Method : An empirical investigation was carried out using a dataset available at the software project repository ISBSG. The major focus was on factors that may affect productivity from a functional point of view. The the conducted analysis was compared with the productivity data provided by Capers Jones in 1996 and 2013 and with an investigation on open-source software by Delorey et al. Results : This empirical study led to the discovery of interesting models that show how the different factors do (or do not) affect productivity. It was also found out that some factors appear to allow for economies of scale, while others appear to cause diseconomies of scale. Conclusions : This paper provides some more evidence about how four factors, i.e., programming languages, business areas, architectural types, and the usage of CASE tools, influence productivity and highlights some interesting divergences in comparison with the results reported by Capers Jones and Delorey et al.