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Stanowisko późnoczwartorzędowych osadów jaskiniowych : schronisko nad Jaskinią Zegar w Skalach Zegarowych (Wyżyna Częstochowska)

Krajcarz M. T., Sudoł M., Krajcarz M., Cyrek K.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 10

s. 546--553

EN

The Shelter above the Zegar Cave (Shelter No 388) (N 50°25’41” E 19°40’27”) is located in the Zegarowe Rocks ridge in the Ryczów Upland (southern part of the Czêstochowa Upland), municipalityWolbrom, district Olkusz. In 2009, Mrs. Jadwiga and Mr. Lucjan Wodarz found an archeological flint artifact in a type of leaf point at the slope below the Shelter. This finding allowed suspecting the presence of Palaeolithic cultural layers inside or near the Shelter. The authors’aim was to recognize the geological context of the Palaeolithic settlement of the Shelter above the Zegar Cave and its neighborhood, and in further perspective of the entire southern part of the Ryczów Upland micro-region. Four layers were discovered in the Shelter during field works (downward): I – humic silty loam, Holocene; II – loess altered by secondary soil processes during the Holocene; III – unaltered loess, dated to MOIS 2; IV – silty cave loam with limestone rubble, dated to MOIS 3. The chronostratigraphy is based on lithostratigraphy and confirmed by radiocarbon and thermoluminescence dating. An archaeological cultural level occurs in layer IV, most probably related to the shift from the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic. The sequence of cave sediments may be well correlated with numerous profiles of cave sites from the Kraków-Czêstochowa Upland.

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Cave fillings - a chronicle of the past. An outline of the Younger Pleistocene cave sediments study in Poland

Madeyska T., Cyrek K.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2002

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Vol. 52, nr 1

75-95

EN

The scientific exploration of Polish cave sediments started 130 years ago. Important Palaeolithic sites were discovered and investigated from that time by archaeologists and zoologists. During the second half of the 20th century geological analysis was introduced to the cave filling study. More than 50 caves and rock shelters, differentiated according to their shape and dimensions, have been explored to date, every one which contained subfossil animal remains. In about 30 sites, culture layers, scattered artefacts or other traces of the activity of Palaeolithic people were found. The sedimentary successions, 2-8 metres thick, consist mainly of clastic components that reflect the past climatic changes. The subfossil fauna includes animals living in tundra, steppe, forest and aquatic environments. The proportion of particular groups vary with the position in the succession. The lithological composition of the sediments and the faunal composition were used for reconstruction of past climatic changes and for the stratigraphical interpretation. Remnants of the oldest Palaeolithic culture in this region - the Acheulian type with Levalloisian technique - were found in deposits dated to the Warthanian and to the penultimate interglacial or even to the Odranian. During the Eemian, this culture coexisted with the Taubachian. For the Early Vistulian, the Levallois-Mousterian, Micoquo-Prondnikian and Charentian are characteristic cultures. Upper Palaeolithic cultures (Jerzmanowician, Aurignacian,Szeletian and then East-Gravettian) developed during younger Vistulian interstadials (Interplenivistulian) correlated with stage 3 of the oxygen isotope curve. Toward the end of the Vistulian, the Magdalenian culture and the Epigravettian appeared.

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Palaeolithic Loess-Site Yezupil on Dnister (Ukraine) - Stratigraphy, environment and cultures

Boguckyj A., Cyrek K., Konecka-Betley K., Łanczont M., Madeyska T., Nawrocki J., Sytnyk O.

Studia Quaternaria

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2001

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Vol. 18

25-46

EN

Yezupil is the first Middle Palaeolithic site discovered in upper part of the Dnister River valley. It is situated in a set of sediments composed of loess and fossil soils lying on alluvia. The results of geological and palaeopedological investigations are presented. They contain lithological and geochemical analyses (main components and trace elements), as well as micromorphological study. Palaeo- and petromagnetic record is presented too. Horohiv pedocomplex developed from the older, Wartanian loess. It is composed of luvisol originated during the Eemian interglacial and chernozem soil - during the Early Vistulian interstadials. An subarctic brown Dubno soil dated to the Interplenivistulian (Middle Vistulian interstadials) separates two parts of the younger loess. Older assemblage of Middle Palaeolithic - Mousterian culture with Levalloisian technique was found in the E horizon of the luvisol and therefore it could be dated to the Eemian interglacial. Younger Middle Palaeolithic - Micoquian-type materials were situated in partially redeposited by solifluction, Early Vistulian chernozem. Scanty and uncharacteristic Upper Palaeolithic assemblage was found in interstadial Dubno palaeosol.

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Excavation in the Deszczowa Cave (Kroczyckie Rocks, Częstochowa Upland, Central Poland)

Cyrek K., Nadachowski A., Madeyska T., Bocheński Z., Tomek T., Wojtal P., Miękinia B., Lipecki G., Garapich A., Rzebik-Kowalska B., Stworzewicz E., Wolsan M., Godawa J., Kościów R., Fostowicz-Frelik Ł., Szyndlar Z.

Folia Quaternaria

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2000

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nr 71

5-84

EN

Interdisciplinary excavation undertaken in the Deszczowa Cave and the Upper Rock Shelter between 1989 and 1997 have yielded Palaeolithic artefacts and abundant vertebrate fauna. Sediment sequence consists of 11 layers marked from the bottom to the top I-XI. Layer IV probably represents the warmest period due to important amount of organic carbon, phosphates and iron compounds. Generally, the lower part of the section (layers I-VI) could be correlated with the Early Vistulian and/or Interplenivistulian. Loess layer VIII originated during cold and dry period and it probably corresponds to the Upper Pleniglacial. The fossil fauna of snails and vertebrates belong to ca. 130 species. In the almost whole profile (except of layers X and XI), the most abundant are steppe-tundra species (65-76%) accompanied by forest faunas (especialy in layers VI and XI, 22% and 29%, respectively), and species connected with water or moist environments (10-23%). Three Middle Palaeolithic cultural horizons have been distinguished in layers IV-VI, Aurignacian assemblage in layer VIIa, Epigravettian one in layer VIIIa, and Late Palaeolithic or Early Mesolithic at the surface of the layer X.

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Menschliche Penetration der Hohlen im mittleren Teil, der Krakowsko-Częstochowska - Hochebene zwischen dem 18. und dem 11. Jahrtausend (vom Interstadial Lascaux bis zum Interstadial Allerod)

Cyrek K.

Folia Quaternaria

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1999

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nr 70

269-288