Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Research on fuel and electric energy consumption in passenger cars in a mixed cycle, using the example of local road traffic in Opole

Sproch Maciej, Mamala Jarosław, Augustynowicz Andrzej, Graba Mariusz

Combustion Engines

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2026

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R. 65, nr 1

158--166

EN

This paper presents a comparative analysis of fuel and electric energy consumption by passenger cars in a mixed cycle in real road conditions, taking into account the specific nature of local traffic in the city of Opole. The research was carried out in real road conditions on a designated road cycle, in accordance with the guidelines described in the RDE (Real Driving Emissions) road cycle procedure. The designated road cycle reflects the conditions prevailing on urban, rural, and motorway roads. The results obtained from the road cycle were compared with the fuel and electric energy consumption values declared by car manufacturers in the type-approval documentation authorizing the car for use on public roads. The comparative analysis revealed discrepancies between actual and laboratory data, which for electric passenger cars are determined in relation to the WLTP cycle. In the case of combustion engine passenger cars, fuel consumption was additionally converted into energy expenditure, which enabled a comparison of the energy efficiency of different drive systems in real road conditions in the TTW (Tank-To-Wheels) system. The article highlights the challenges of developing a representative road cycle for local road conditions that complies with RDE guidelines.

2

The effect of plough modernization on fuel consumption during ploughing and subsoil bulk density

Sprawka Maciej, Szymanek Mariusz, Tanaś Wojciech, Bochat Andrzej, Zawierucha Marcin

Agricultural Engineering

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2026

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Vol. 30, No. 1

187--198

EN

This study attempts to address the problem of excessive soil compaction in the subsoil layer caused by the movement and operation of agricul-tural machinery by modernizing the plough design to combine two operations with high energy requirements, ploughing and subsoiling. The aim of this study was to modernize and develop the design of the share plough by adding an additional frame (heavy-duty tines) on which the mounted working elements (straight type chisel spike, two-heart type chisel spike, duck foot type chisel spike). The effect of the plough modernization was to destroy the plough pan, leading to a decrease in the bulk density of the soil in the subsoil layer. However, when tines with a duck foot (sweep) type chisel spike were used, an increase in soil bulk density was observed in the layer below the working depth of the tool. The modernization of the plough resulted in the increase in fuel con-sumption per units' area during ploughing related to the area cultivated. Using a modernized plough allows two energy-intensive operations - ploughing and subsoiling - to be combined in a single pass.

PL

Niniejsze badanie ma na celu rozwiązanie problemu nadmiernego zagęszczenia gleby w warstwie podglebia, spowodowanego ruchem i pracą maszyn rolniczych, poprzez modernizację konstrukcji pługa, łączącą dwie operacje o wysokim zapotrzebowaniu na energię: orkę i głęboszowanie. Celem badania była modernizacja i udoskonalenie konstrukcji pługa lemieszowego poprzez dodanie dodatkowej ramy (zębów o zwiększonej wytrzymałości), na której zamontowano elementy robocze (ząb dłutowy prosty, ząb dłutowy dwusercowy, ząb dłutowy typu „gęsia stopka”). Efektem modernizacji pługa było zniszczenie podeszwy płużnej, co prowadziło do zmniejszenia gęstości objętościowej gleby w warstwie podglebia. Natomiast w przypadku zastosowania zębów z zębem dłutowym typu „gęsia stopka” (sweep), zaobserwowano wzrost gęstości objętościowej gleby w warstwie poniżej głębokości roboczej narzędzia. Modernizacja pługa spowodowała wzrost zużycia paliwa na jednostkę powierzchni podczas orki w stosunku do powierzchni uprawianej. Zastosowanie zmodernizowanego pługa pozwala na połączenie dwóch energochłonnych operacji - orki i głęboszowania - w jednym przejeździe.

3

Quantifying fuel consumption in internal combustion engine through pollutant emission analysis: Interlaboratory comparison

Adamiak Borys, Andrych-Zalewska Monika, Chłopek Zdzisław, Lasocki Jakub, Merkisz Jerzy

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2026

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Vol. 20, no. 4

505--517

EN

One of the commonly used methods for determining fuel consumption in internal combustion engines is based on the carbon mass balance. It assumes a direct relationship between the mass of fuel burned in the engine and the mass of emitted carbon-containing substances. Therefore, the accuracy and repeatability of fuel consumption results depend on the quality of measurement method used for determining pollutant emission. This paper focuses on the results of motor vehicle pollutant emissions and fuel consumption obtained in interlaboratory tests. Two different chassis dynamometer laboratories were compared, both using two measurement methods: 1) analysis of the concentrations of diluted exhaust components collected in bags, 2) continuous analysis of the emission intensity of diluted exhaust components. The tests were conducted in the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicle Test Cycle using a passenger car with a spark-ignition engine. Significant differences were observed in the results obtained in two laboratories. The average specific distance emission of particle mass had the highest non-repeatability, whereas the specific distance emission of hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide had the lowest. The latter led to high repeatability in fuel consumption as determined by the carbon mass balance method, particularly in the case of the method that measured the concentrations of exhaust gases collected in bags.

4

The impact of road infrastructure on fuel consumption and emissions of a road vehicle – a case study

Pečman Jan, Šarkan Branislav, Ližbetinová Lenka

Transport Problems

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2025

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T. 20, z. 3

163--173

EN

This article addresses an underexplored yet important factor—the influence of road geometry and characteristics on the energy demands and environmental footprint of road vehicle operation. Based on a case study using real-world data from the operation of a petrol-powered passenger car, differences in fuel consumption and CO₂ and NOₓ emissions when driving on rural and urban roads are analyzed. The results indicate that factors such as road gradient, traffic flow characteristics, and stop frequency can significantly affect operational efficiency. The study provides evidence that traffic engineering applications have a measurable impact on fuel consumption and pollutant emissions and, as such, should not be overlooked. Based on these findings, the study proposes that road infrastructure characteristics and management should be actively integrated into strategic sustainable transport policy measures, particularly within the framework of the European Union’s Green Deal objectives.

5

Study of the impact of passenger train control algorithms on fuel consumption

Vaičiūnas Gediminas, Steišūnas Stasys

Transport Problems

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2025

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T. 20, z. 4

65--73

EN

This article examines different control algorithms for passenger trains to reduce fuel consumption. Control algorithms are based on the use of train freewheeling to minimize friction braking and account for the average speed requirements of the traffic schedule. The authors identified the dependencies of the efficiency of the algorithms on the gradients and curves of the track and investigated the patterns of these dependencies. It was determined under which track profile parameters the algorithm is maximally effective. Conclusions are presented on which track profiles the control algorithm saves the most fuel.

6

Optimization of road transport within the supply network - a case study from Poland

Ziółkowski Jarosław, Hošková-Mayerová Sarka, Hutsaylyuk Volodymyr, Łukasiak Daniel

Transport Problems

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2025

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T. 20, z. 1

193--206

EN

Optimization in the area of road transport is the subject of numerous scientific publications. Its analysis uses programming languages (including linear) and tools enabling not only a detailed analysis of the examined process but also including data dynamics (demand variability) and the availability of resources (means of transport) diversified in terms of permissible total mass (GVW). Such tools are useful because they support decision-making processes. This paper uses the example of a military supply network to present a multi-criteria methodology enabling minimization of total transport costs, number and type (due to load capacity) of vehicles used, distance traveled, fuel used, and CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Moreover, additional restrictions on existing transport resources were included, considering the number and type of vehicles available at the base. This is of great importance, especially when there is a need to provide emergency deliveries, for example, in the event of a war threat. The proposed method is universal and was developed using an MS Excel spreadsheet with the Solver add-in.

7

The uniqueness of pollutant emission and fuel consumption test results for road vehicles tested on a chassis dynamometer

Adamiak Borys, Andrych-Zalewska Monika, Merkisz Jerzy, Chłopek Zdzisław

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2025

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Vol. 27, no. 1

art. no. 195747

EN

The article considers the issues of non-repeatability of exhaust emission and fuel consumption test results for road vehicles tested on a chassis dynamometer. Empirical results of passenger car tests on a chassis dynamometer in the WLTC (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycle) test were used. Tests were conducted in four repeated sets to assess the repeatability of the test results. The road emission of hydrocarbons, non-methane hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter and carbon dioxide, the road number of particulate matter and operational fuel consumption were determined. The coefficient of variation of the values measured in the four tests was determined, taken as a measure of the repeatability of the test results. The coefficient of variation of the road emission of carbon dioxide and operational fuel consumption is the lowest. No significant differences were found in the values of the measured exhaust emission.

8

Evaluating vehicle repair duration in relation to driving styles

Siłuch Dariusz, Droździel Paweł, Pukalskas Saugirdas

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2025

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Vol. 27, no. 2

art. no. 195746

EN

One of the important factors affecting the technical condition of vehicles is driving style. This paper investigates the extent to which vehicle repair duration depends on different driving styles. Driving style was assessed based on average fuel consumption, which is an indicator of driving behavior. Three distinct driving styles were identified: mild, moderate, and aggressive, each characterized by different levels of average fuel consumption. The analyses were carried out on the basis of actual operating data of vehicles included in the fleet of one of the transport companies operating in the city of Lublin, Poland. The results of the study showed how vehicle repair time can be reduced by changing driving style from aggressive to mild, and can help answer the question of whether it is justified to increase drivers' competence in economical driving in order to improve vehicle reliability.

9

The use of a vehicle simulator for eco-driving research

Ślusarczyk Katarzyna, Jurecki Rafał

Combustion Engines

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2025

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R. 64, nr 4

23--31

EN

The study presents the use of a driving simulator as a tool for evaluating driver behavior in the context of eco-driving. A group of 37 drivers of varying age and experience completed a predefined urban driving scenario under controlled conditions. Based on four operational variables, each weighted by its assumed impact on fuel efficiency, the WEco indicator was developed to enable a quantitative assessment of driving style. Drivers were classified into three groups representing different levels of eco-driving performance. The results showed clear differences in fuel consumption and engine RPM, confirming the validity of the classification model. The proposed indicator offers practical applications in fleet management, driver training, and environmental impact monitoring.

10

The effect of hydrogen addition to traditional petrol engine fuel in a hybrid power plant on its environmental performance and fuel efficiency

Depczyński Wojciech, Marchenko Andrii, Mishchenko Svitlana, Mishchenko Mykyta

Combustion Engines

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2025

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R. 64, nr 1

87--94

EN

The article is concerned with studying the impact of hydrogen additive on the traditional fuel of a petrol internal combustion engine (ICE) as part of a hybrid power plant on key indicators of its efficiency and environmental friendliness. The main attention is paid to the assessment of fuel consumption and CO₂ emissions within the NEDC driving cycle. The paper develops a mathematical model of the internal combustion engine's working process, which takes into account the addition of hydrogen to the fuel mixture and creates a model for determining the parameters of a hybrid powertrain in the NEDC cycle modes. The results of the study showed that every 2% addition of hydrogen to petrol reduces the specific effective fuel consumption by 2.8-3.5%, depending on the speed mode. It was found that the hybrid system provides effective energy recovery during braking, which contributes to the overall efficiency of the system. The study confirms the prospects of using hydrogen as an additive to traditional fuels to improve the environmental friendliness and efficiency of transport, reduce CO₂ emissions and decarbonise the transport sector. The developed calculation methodology can be used for further research and implementation of new technologies in the field of hybrid powertrains.

11

Experimental verification of changes in the control map of a diesel engine operation due to fuel consumption

Sroka Zbigniew J., Heda Rafał

Combustion Engines

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2025

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R. 64, nr 1

31--36

EN

The paper describes an experiment related to the introduction of changes in the control software of a supercharged diesel engine in order to reduce fuel consumption, as a measure of useful efficiency. The map shaping the torque in the range of low and medium engine speeds was modified. The fuel dose for a specific engine speed at maximum engine load was changed, and the boost pressure was increased without exceeding the permissible values. A vehicle from the age group of 16 years $ typical for the automotive market in Poland, was selected for the tests. It meets the Euro 5 standard. The experiment was carried out on a chassis dynamometer and in road traffic conditions. The average fuel consumption was obtained lower by 0.4 dm3 per 100 km than the factory assumed.

12

Analysis of the acceleration process of a passenger vehicle under variable load conditions

Hennek Krystian, Mamala Jarosław, Bieniek Andrzej, Kołodziej Szymon

Combustion Engines

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2025

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R. 64, nr 3

100--108

EN

The study contains an analysis of the acceleration process of a passenger vehicle equipped with an IC power-train, aimed at determining a throttle control strategy that minimizes fuel consumption during acceleration while maintaining adequate dynamic performance. The first stage involved measuring traction parameters for a constant assumed engine power. The second stage focused on determining a control trajectory that would ensure minimal fuel consumption during acceleration. To achieve this the acceleration process was examined during a flexibility test in the speed range from 12.5 to 35 m/s, following an acceleration pedal control line related to the crankshaft rotation speed. Implementing the acceleration process along this control line resulted in a reduction in acceleration dynamics, accompanied by a decrease in fuel consumption per distance traveled by nearly 51%. An analysis of the average acceleration values for a given drivetrain gear ratio revealed that exceeding an acceleration pedal position of 70% yields no significant improvement in vehicle dynamics. The optimal acceleration pedal positions during acceleration were found to be within the range of 25% to 70%.

13

Study on the efficiency of seeder performance in no-tillage farming system and its impact on selected technical and physical performance indicators and wheat yield

Al-Mashhadany Osama Hassan J., Dris Ziyad, Jasim Abdulrazzak A.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 6

32--40

EN

Abstract:The field experiment was conducted in one of the fields in Baghdad Governorate during the 2021-2022 agricultural season in loamy soil to investigate the feasibility of using no-tillage farming systems for wheat cultivation and their impact on plant growth and yield. The experiment employed a German-made NEWHOLLAND tractor 80-66S with machinery units,The study examined three factors:Operational Speed: Three speeds were tested 4.23, 6.54, and 8.37 km.h-1. Seed Rates: Two seed rates were used 100 kg.ha-1 and 140 kg.ha-1. Seeder Types: Three configurations were evaluated, Osduman seeder alone, Osduman seeder with soil servicing tools, Broadcaster Seeds with soil servicing tools, Performance indicators studied included fuel consumption rate, field efficiency, drawbar power, soil moisture content, and biological yield. The experiment was designed using a nested hierarchical system within a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replications. The least significant difference (LSD) test at a 0.05 significance level was used to compare treatment means. Key Results, Fuel Consumption: The highest speed 8.37 km/h, at a seed rate of 100 kg.ha-1 and with the Osduman seeder treatment Z , recorded the lowest fuel consumption rate of 4.26 liters/ha and the highest field efficiency of 73.42%, Biological Yield: At the same speed and seeder configuration treatment Z but with a seed rate of 140 kg.ha-1, the highest biological yield was achieved 7067 kg/ha, Soil Moisture Content: The lowest speed 4.23 km.h-1, at a seed rate of 100 kg.ha-1 and with the Osduman seeder, recorded the highest soil moisture content 0.247%, Drawbar Power, At the same speed and seed rate but with the Osduman seeder combined with soil servicing tools treatment Zt, the lowest drawbar power was recorded 1.88 kN.

14

Evaluation of performance efficiency of a locally made electronic device for measuring fuel consumption in agricultural tractors

Al-miran Duaa Adil Ezzat, Jasim Abdulrazzak A.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 3

381--388

EN

The experiment was conducted to measure the efficiency of a locally made electronic device used to measure the fuel consumption of the mechanical unit and compare it with the traditional measurement method. On the other hand, to study the effect of operating factors on some mechanical properties. The experiment included three operating factors, including measurement method (electronic and traditional), forward speed (2.236 and 3.488 km.h-1), and tillage depth (10-15 and 20-25 cm). Field efficiency, fuel consumption, slippage percentage, and draft force were measured. The following results were reached no significant differences in fuel consumption, field efficiency, slippage, and draft force due to the measurement method. The results also demonstrated that the second forward speed (3.49 km.h-1) achieved the minimum amount of fuel consumed was 30.60 L.ha-1, the highest slippage percentage was 7.74%, the highest field efficiency was 60.83%, and the highest draft force was 7.57 kN, compared to the first forward speed (2.24 km.h-1). Additionally, the results indicated that the 10-15 cm tillage depth achieved the lowest fuel consumption at 33.60 L.ha-1, the lowest slippage percentage at 6.53%, the lowest draft force at 6.05 kN, and the highest field efficiency at 61.18%. The correlation coefficient between the measurements of the electronic device and the traditional method was 93.7%. The results confirmed the success of the electronic device in measuring fuel consumption with high efficiency.

15

Deep learning long short-term memory methods for instantaneous fuel consumption prediction: Experimental study and comparison of modeling strategies

Grabowski Łukasz, Sochaczewski Rafał, Biały Michał

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

|

Vol. 19, no. 12

197--209

EN

This paper presents an empirical study on the prediction of the instantaneous fuel consumption of public transport buses using LSTM type recurrent neural networks. The analyses were conducted on selected repetitive Sort 2 driving cycles. This allowed for stable test conditions and control of data variability. For the analyses, valid measurements including vehicle speed, accelerator pedal position (APP) and instantaneous fuel consumption (l/h) were used. Five LSTM modelling strategies were developed and compared: a baseline model, an in-depth model with dropout, an advanced model with callbacks, a model with a special weighted loss function for idling periods and a FuelNet model for fuel consumption prediction . The results indicate high prediction performance (MAE, RMSE, R²) and the potential for practical implementation of the model in fleet management systems.

16

The economic model demonstrate and analyze the potential benefits of using green fuel on port profitability included the various economic and environmental variables

Elentably Akram, van Essen Pieter, Fahad Ayman Bin, Aljahdly Bassam Bin Saleh

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

|

2024

|

Vol. 18 No. 4

809--816

EN

The use of green fuels in ports is growing in popularity as the international community seeks to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and the associated environmental impact. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the potential economic benefits of using green fuels in ports, including reduced costs, increased efficiency and improved environmental performance. This paper examines the potential economic benefits of using green fuels for port profitability, taking into account various economic and environmental variables. The economic and environmental benefits of using green fuels in the port industry are widely debated, with numerous studies demonstrating the potential for improved profitability due to lower emissions and lower energy consumption. . This paper provides an overview of the potential economic benefits of using green fuels in the port industry, measured using different economic models that consider different economic and environmental variables.

17

Mathematical equations approach to evidence the impact of green fuel use in ships on ship profitability

Elentably Akram, van Essen Pieter, Fahad Ayman Bin, Aljahdly Bassam Bin Saleh

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

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Vol. 18 No. 4

805--808

EN

This article described the equations used to assess the impact of green fuels on shipping costs and provided a numerical example for Saudi Arabia to illustrate these equations. Using these equations, we can conclude that the use of green fuels in the shipping industry will result in significant cost savings. Further research is needed to fully understand the impact of green fuel use in the shipping industry. The use of environmentally friendly fuels in ship operations has grown in importance in recent years due to their potential to reduce emissions and costs. This article described the equations used to show the impact of green fuels on transportation costs, using the example of Saudi Arabia to illustrate potential savings and benefits. Additionally, this article discusses the relevant scientific references that support the findings. In summary, the use of environmentally friendly fuels is an intelligent solution for reducing costs and emissions in transportation operations. This article examines the impact of green fuels on ship operating costs by presenting the equations for a proof-of-concept mathematical approach. Additionally, the example of Saudi Arabia was used to illustrate the impact of green fuels in Saudi Arabia. From this, it can be concluded that the use of environmentally friendly fuels leads to cost savings in voyages and is therefore a sensible option for reducing the operating costs of ships.

18

Innovative floating fuel stations enhance seaport productivity

Elentably Akram, van Essen Pieter, Fahad Ayman Bin, Aljahdly Bassam Bin Saleh

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

|

Vol. 18 No. 4

817--822

EN

The utilization of floating fuel stations, specialized facilities dedicated to refueling vessels within port boundaries, has gained prominence as a means to enhance port productivity. This comprehensive study investigates the efficacy of implementing floating fuel stations in seaports, focusing on their impact on port efficiency. Through the application of meticulous performance metrics and operational evaluations, the research aims to critically assess the advantages and challenges of this innovative approach. By exploring both the benefits and drawbacks, the study endeavors to pinpoint crucial factors contributing to the success of floating fuel stations. The findings will not only foster a deeper understanding of port productivity but also provide insightful perspectives on the maritime industry's overall efficiency and sustainability. Transcending the mere observation of current practices, the study formulates recommendations for future implementations based on a thorough analysis of diverse evaluation techniques. This research thus contributes significantly to the ongoing dialogue on optimizing port operations through innovative solutions.

19

A fuzzy set theory to illustrate the impact of fueling ship green fuel and cost profitability in Saudi Arabia

Elentably Akram, van Essen Pieter, Fahad Ayman Bin, Aljahdly Bassam Bin Saleh

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2024

|

Vol. 18 No. 3

505--510

EN

This paper investigates the potential impact of green fuel adoption on the Saudi Arabian maritime industry using fuzzy set theory. We will examine the cost-profitability of green fuel adoption and its implications for the Saudi Arabian economy. By employing fuzzy set theory, we can more accurately predict and analyze the potential impacts of green shipping. This paper will present case studies from the shipping industry that have successfully used fuzzy set theory to optimize green fuel usage and profitability. Moreover, this paper will focus on the use of green fuels as a way of reducing the environmental impacts of the shipping industry in Saudi Arabia. This paper will explore the impact of fueling ships with green fuel in Saudi Arabia and use fuzzy set theory to analyze the cost-profitability of this action.

20

Effect of the share of autonomous vehicles in road traffic on traffic conditions and fuel consumption in the vicinity of mid-block pedestrian crossings

Kieć Mariusz, Bąk Radosław, Kamiński Tomasz

Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty

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2024

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Vol. 23, no. 2

119 --137

EN

Introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in road traffic is commonly presented as an opportunity to improve safety and traffic performance through elimination of human factor from the decisive process, including its replacement with vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. However, AVs must take into account interactions with vulnerable road users (including pedestrians and cyclists), which is problematic due to the need for prediction of their behavior and adequate reaction thereto. The article presents the results of microsimulation analyses of AV traffic in the vicinity of a mid-block pedestrian crossing. With the assumed gradual increase in the share of AVs in traffic, the results suggest that pedestrian crossings are among locations where smoothness of traffic flow may considerably deteriorate. The results of the performed analyses and literature studies indicate that AVs will have to brake more rapidly (or brake earlier) and come to a complete stop more frequently than conventional vehicles. The article also presents the effect of the share of AVs in road traffic on fuel consumption, which indirectly affects the environment.

PL

Pojawienie się pojazdów autonomicznych (AV) w ruchu drogowym jest powszechnie przedstawiane jako szansa na poprawę bezpieczeństwa i warunków ruchu poprzez wykluczenie człowieka z procesu decyzyjnego, w tym zastąpienie go komunikacją pojazdów z pojazdami i z infrastrukturą. AV muszą uwzględniać między innymi interakcje z niechronionymi uczestnikami ruchu (m.in. pieszymi i rowerzystami), co jest problematyczne ze względu na konieczność przewidywania ich zachowań i odpowiedniego reagowania na nie. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki analiz mikrosymulacyjnych ruchu AV w rejonie wydzielonego przejścia dla pieszych. Założenie stopniowego wzrostu udziału AV wskazuje, że przejścia dla pieszych są miejscem, w którym płynność ruchu może się wówczas znacząco pogorszyć. Wyniki przeprowadzonych analiz oraz studiów literatury wskazują, że AV będą musiały gwałtowniej lub wcześniej hamować oraz częściej zatrzymywać się niż pojazdy konwencjonalne. W artykule przedstawiono również wpływ różnych poziomów udziału AV w ruchu na zużycie paliwa, mające pośredni wpływ na środowisko.