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Czy na Dolnym Śląsku występują naturalne analogi skał księżycowych?

Przylibski Tadeusz A., Szczęśniewicz Mateusz, Blutstein Konrad

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2024

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Vol. 72, nr 1

26--46

EN

We describe the geological structure of the Moon and its evolution from the time of its joint formation with the Earth to the present. The common origin of both of these bodies justifies the search for analogues of the rocks that build the Earth andthe Moon. On this basis, we characterize the rocks that constitute the crust of the Moon. These comprise rocks of the primary planetary anorthosite crust: anorthosites and, subordinately, other gabbroid rocks (gabbros, troctolites, norrites). These rocks make up the lunar highlands and mainly build the far side of the Moon. On the near side, there are vast areas covered with basaltoids several hundred meters thick, of various ages: the lunarmaria. These two types of igneous rocks constitute the Moon's crust. Its surface is coveredwith materialproduced by impact metamorphism from incoming asteroids, meteoroids, micrometeoroids and interplanetary dust, as well as resulting from the crust's interaction with solar wind particles and cosmic radiation. This regolith comprises loose material a few to several meters thick. We compare the chemical composition of these lunar igneous rocks with the chemical composition of the igneous rocks of Lower Silesia. Basaltoids, anorthosites, gabbros and troctolites were included in our analysis. We conclude, unsurprisingly, that it is currently impossible to indicate the occurrence of natural analogues of lunar rocks in Lower Silesia. There are large differences between the chemical composition between the rocks constituting the primary planetary crust of the Moon and the igneous alkaline rocks of Lower Silesia, the latter representing strongly differentiated igneous rocks of the Earth's crust and upper mantle. Nevertheless, in the case of basaltoids, it will likely be possible in the near future to find rocks that can, with some approximation, be considered analogues of lunar basaltoids. At present, potential locations of lunar-like basalts and foidites include the Zaręba and Księginki quarries near Lubań. In the case of plutonie rocks, especially anorthosites, Lower Silesian analogues of lunar rocks will be very approximate. However, based on basaltoid rocks from Lower Silesia, and perhaps later also using gabbroid rocks, it should be possible to produce a natural analogue of the lunar regolith. Rock material from terrestrial analogues will have to be significantly processed both physically and chemically to obtain the composition and structure of this regolith material. These considerations, however, are not the purpose of this work. We focus primarily on analogies of chemical and mineral composition, as the basic features enabling the production of a lunar regolith analogue. We are particularly interested in pointing out analogies resulting from the composition of the parent magmas of these rocks, as reflected in the chemical composition of the rocks and their mineral composition. Due to significant differences in the age of crystallization of lunar magmas and their conditions of this crystallization compared to the rocks of Lower Silesia (on Earth), it is not presently possible to indicate Lower Silesian age-analogues of lunar rocks or structural and textural analogues.

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Potencjalnie lecznicze wody radonowe wschodniej części Wysokiego Grzbietu Gór Izerskich (Sudety) o największej zawartości radonu w Polsce

Prusak Jakub, Przylibski Tadeusz A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2023

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Vol. 71, nr 2

58--70

EN

In the years 2020-2022, the authors conducted research on the activity concentration of 222 Rn in the groundwater of the eastern part of the Izera metamorphic unit. As a result, they found potentially medicinal radon waters in hornfelses of the eastern part of the Szklarska Poręba band. The value measured in one of the water samples appeared to be the highest activity concentration of 222Rn in groundwater of Poland so far - 3368 ±61 Bq/dm3. The authors also found that outflows of potentially medicinal radon waters account for almost 85.5% (47 out of 55) of all groundwater outflows in the study area. Thanks to the large amount of data obtained, the authors calculated a new value of the hydrogeochemical back-ground of 222 Rn in the groundwater of the Izera metamorphic unit. The background is currently 17-890 Bq/dm3. In Poland, higher values have only been reported of the Lądek-Śnieżnik metamorphic unit. The research results also open the way to the possible creation of a modern radon spa in Szklarska Poręba. It could operate in Biała Dolina on the basis of both previously found resources of radon waters of the Karkonosze granite and the radon waters forming within the eastern part of the Izera metamorphic unit.

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Górnictwo pozaziemskie w Polsce

Przylibski Tadeusz A., Łuszczek Katarzyna, Blutstein Konrad, Szczęśniewicz Mateusz, Ciapka Dominika

Przegląd Górniczy

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2022

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T. 78, nr 3

17--24

PL

Autorzy przedstawili aktualny na połowę 2022 roku stan szeroko rozumianego górnictwa pozaziemskiego w Polsce. Analiza autorów objęła wszelkie inicjatywy, projekty i badania, które dotyczą różnych aspektów eksploracji pozaziemskich ciał Układu Słonecznego pod kątem rozpoznania i wykorzystania znajdujących się na nich złóż różnorodnych surowców. W Polsce mamy obecnie wiele możliwości rozwoju sektora górnictwa pozaziemskiego. Sytuacja ta jednak w najbliższym czasie będzie się pogarszać, jeśli nie zostaną stworzone warunki do rozwoju tej dziedziny wiedzy i przemysłu. Oczywiście istotne jest zainwestowanie odpowiednich środków finansowych, ale także wykreowanie odpowiedniej polityki rozwoju i podjęcie kompleksowych działań sprzyjających rozwojowi dydaktyki i nauki w zakresie górnictwa i górnictwa pozaziemskiego. Równie istotne jest także wspieranie, a najlepiej realizowanie spójnej koncepcji rozwoju górnictwa pozaziemskiego, jako bardzo istotnej części przemysłu sektora kosmicznego.

EN

The Authors presented the current state of the broadly understood extraterrestrial mining in Poland in mid-2022. The authors’ analysis covered all initiatives, projects and research that relate to various aspects of the Solar System’s extraterrestrial bodies exploration in terms of the identification and use of various raw materials on them. Currently we have many opportunities for the development of the extraterrestrial mining sector in Poland. However, this situation will deteriorate in the near future, if the conditions for the development of this field of knowledge and industry are not created. Of course, it is crucial to invest appropriate funds, but also to create an appropriate development policy and undertake comprehensive activities conducive to the development of teaching and science in the field of mining and extraterrestrial mining. It is also equally important to support, and preferably implement, a coherent concept for the development of extraterrestrial mining as a significant part of the space sector industry.

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Szybkość uwalniania się 222Rn z wód podziemnych do atmosfery

Przylibski Tadeusz A., Maciejewski Piotr, Zagożdżon Katarzyna D., Zagożdżon Paweł P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 10

742--750

EN

The authors conducted studies on the release rate of 222Rn from groundwater flowing out of a spring, from metamorphic reservoir rocks. This source gives rise to a stream about 205 m long. The activity concentration of Rn in the spring was about 700 Bq/dm33, took place at a distance of about 1 70-180 metres from the spring. With regard to the waterflow path, flowtime and the volume of water flowing through the cross-section of the tested stream, the exhalation coefficient of222Rn from water to atmospheric air is 3.80 Bq/dm3/m, 1.51 Bq/dm3/s and 1. 25 Bq/dm3/dm3, respctively. According to the authors, further research conducted in other springs occurring in other types of rocks and under different flow conditions (at different times of the year) will allow characterizing the dynamics of the process of222Rn release from groundwater through surface waters into the atmosphere. Perhaps this process can be described with a universal mathematical function.

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Chondryt węglisty NWA 4446

Przylibski Tadeusz A., Blutstein Konrad, Łuszczek Katarzyna, Gruchot Joanna

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 7

513--526

EN

The authors carried out petrographic, mineralogical, and chemical analyses (bulk chemical composition and microanalyses of mineral chemical composition) of NWA 4446 carbonaceous chondrite. NWA 4446 chondrite is classified as CV3, S2, W2. This meteorite is a rock fragment most likely from one of the C-type asteroids orbiting the Sun in the outer part of the asteroid belt. It represents the matter formed at the earliest stages of the formation of extrasola bodies in the solar system. As a result of the research, the authors documented a wider range of variation in the chemical composition of olivine crystals (Fa: 0.67-46.57 mol%) in the matrix and chondrules, and a much narrower range of variation in the chemical com- position of pyroxene crystals (Fs: 0.90–3.35 mol%) against the data used for the classification of the meteorite. The characteristics of the chondrules, ranging in size from 0.5 to more than 1 mm, allowed concluding that they constitute about 60% of the meteorite’s vol- ume, in which they form many structural and mineral varieties PO, POP, BO, PP and RP chondrules were observed. The remaining 40% of the chondrite volume is a matrix consisting of small crystals of pyroxenes, olivines, glass, as well as opaque minerals: sulphides, FeNi alloy, native copper and gold grains, carbonaceous substance, and compact CAIs. The mineral and chemical composi- tion of CAIs shows that their dominant mineral is melilite, accompanied by diopside and spinel. The chemical composition of spinel and diopside is very similar to their total chemical formulas, while the composition of melilite shows a significant sodium deficiency. Among the opaque minerals, one phase of the FeNi dominates - awaruite (Ni 3 Fe), and sulphides are represented by troilite (FeS) and mackinawite ((Fe,Ni) 9 S 8 ). Moreover, grains of native copper with an admixture of gold and grains of native gold with an admixture of platinum, nickel and copper with a size of several μm were identified. Taking into account the admixtures contained in the above-mentioned opaque minerals (mainly Co and Cu), the parent rock of the carbonaceous chondrite NWA 4446 can be considered to have been mineralized with Fe, Ni, Co and Cu ore minerals with the content of Au and Pt. This means that, we can expect deposits of native forms of the above-mentioned metals and sulphides on the parent bodies of carbonaceous chondrites of the CV group - C-type asteroids.

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Erratum to “Radon incomparison tests – Katowice, 2016” [Nukleonika 2020;65(2):127-132, doi:10.2478/nuka-2020-0020]

Chałupnik Stanisław, Skubacz Krystian, Wysocka Małgorzata, Mazur Jadwiga, Bonczyk Michał, Kozak Krzysztof, Grządziel Dominik, Urban Paweł, Tchorz-Trzeciakiewicz Dagmara, Kozłowska Beata, Walencik-Łata Agata, Podstawczyńska Agnieszka, Olszewski Jerzy, Bartak Jakub, Karpińska Maria, Wołoszczuk Katarzyna, Dohojda Marek, Nowak Jakub, Długosz-Lisiecka Magdalena, Foerster Elisabeth, Przylibski Tadeusz A.

Nukleonika

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2021

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Vol. 66, No. 2

80

7

Radon intercomparison tests : Katowice, 2016

Chałupnik Stanisław, Skubacz Krystian, Wysocka Małgorzata, Mazur Jadwiga, Bonczyk Michał, Kozak Krzysztof, Grządziel Dominika, Urban Paweł, Tchorz-Trzeciakiewicz Dagmara, Kozłowska Beata, Walencik-Łata Agata, Podstawczyńska Agnieszka, Olszewski Jerzy, Bartak Jakub, Karpińska Maria, Wołoszczuk Katarzyna, Dohojda Marek, Nowak Jakub, Długosz-Lisiecka Magdalena, Foerster Elisabeth, Przylibski Tadeusz A.

Nukleonika

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2020

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Vol. 65, No. 2

127--132

EN

At the beginning of the year 2016, the representatives of the Polish Radon Centre decided to organize proficiency tests (PTs) for measurements of radon gas and radon decay products in the air, involving radon monitors and laboratory passive techniques. The Silesian Centre for Environmental Radioactivity of the Central Mining Institute (GIG), Katowice, became responsible for the organization of the PT exercises. The main reason to choose that location was the radon chamber in GIG with a volume of 17 m3 , the biggest one in Poland. Accordingly, 13 participants from Poland plus one participant from Germany expressed their interest. The participants were invited to inform the organizers about what types of monitors and methods they would like to check during the tests. On this basis, the GIG team prepared the proposal for the schedule of exercises, such as the required level(s) of radon concentrations, the number and periods of tests, proposed potential alpha energy concentration (PAEC) levels and also the overall period of PT. The PT activity was performed between 6th and 17th June 2016. After assessment of the results, the agreement between radon monitors and other measurement methods was confirmed. In the case of PAEC monitors and methods of measurements, the results of PT exercises were consistent and confirmed the accuracy of the calibration procedures used by the participants. The results of the PAEC PTs will be published elsewhere; in this paper, only the results of radon intercomparison are described.

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National comparison of methods for determination of radon in water

Mazur Jadwiga, Kozak Krzysztof, Grządziel Dominik, Guguła Szymon, Mroczek Mariusz, Kozłowska Beata, Walencik-Łata Agata, Podgórska Zuzanna, Wołoszczuk Katarzyna, Przylibski Tadeusz A., Kowalska Agata, Domin Elżbieta, Wysocka Małgorzata, Chałupnik Stanisław, Chmielewska Izabela, Długosz-Lisiecka Magdalena, Szajerski Piotr, Chau Nguyen Dinh, Krakowska Paulina, Pliszczyński Tomasz, Ośko Jakub, Dymecka Małgorzata, Mazurek Daria

Nukleonika

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2020

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Vol. 65, No. 2

77--81

EN

The article describes three interlaboratory experiments concerning 222Rn determination in water samples. The first two experiments were carried out with the use of artificial radon waters prepared by the Laboratory of Radiometric Expertise (LER), Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków in 2014 and 2018. The third experiment was performed using natural environment waters collected in the vicinity of the former uranium mine in Kowary in 2016. Most of the institutions performing radon in water measurements in Poland were gathered in the Polish Radon Centre Network, and they participated in the experiments. The goal of these exercises was to evaluate different measurement techniques used routinely in Polish laboratories and the laboratories’ proficiency of radon in water measurements. In the experiment performed in 2018, the reference values of 222Rn concentration in water were calculated based on the method developed at LER. The participants’ results appeared to be worse for low radon concentration than for high radon concentrations. The conclusions drawn on that base indicated the weaknesses of the used methods and probably the sampling. The interlaboratory experiments, in term, can help to improve the participants’ skills and reliability of their results.