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1

Synteza i zastosowanie modyfikowanych nanorurek TiO2

Górzyński Daniel, Nadolna Joanna, Kozak Magda, Mazierski Paweł

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2024

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[Z] 78, 3-4

171--188

EN

Heterogeneous photocatalysis in the presence of semiconductor materials, especially TiO2, is increasingly studied due to its potential application in hydrogen generation, carbon dioxide conversion, and pollutant degradation. TiO2, known for its cost-effectiveness, stability, and safety, is particularly effective in its nanometric form, with nanotubes standing out for their structure that improves light absorption and charge carrier mobility. One approach to improve the properties of TiO2 for its application in photocatalytic processes involves its modification. Modifications of TiO2 nanotubes aim to reduce the rate of recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, increase photocatalytic activity in the UV range, extend its activity to the visible radiation range, and enhance reaction selectivity. Enhancing TiO2 photocatalytic efficiency involves modifications such as doping, creating heterojunctions, and introducing structural defects. The objective of this mini-review is to present selected methods of modifying TiO2 nanotubes obtained through anodic oxidation, leading to the enhancement of their photocatalytic properties.

2

Otrzymywanie i degradacja kompozytów na bazie polilaktydu i paździerzy konopnych modyfikowanych stearyną

Biniaś Dorota, Drabek Weronika

Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 7 (27)

63--73

EN

As a result of the work carried out, composites were obtained whose matrix was polylactide (PLA) and the filler was hemp shives with the addition of stearin. Using a heating press, composites with different shares of both PLA and hemp shives were obtained. The amount of stearin was always 15% in relation to the mass of hemp shives used. Samples were prepared from the obtained composites to test the biodegradation process, which were measured and weighed. The biodegradation process was carried out in the environment, placing the appropriately prepared batches of composites in compost derived from grass. Samples were taken at monthly intervals to analyze changes in mass and thickness and morphological assessment. The degradation process of the obtained composites was carried out for 3 months. The mass of the samples after the first month of biodegradation did not change significantly, however, with the biodegradation time, the masses of the tested composite samples decrease. The thickness of composite samples after the first month of biodegradation increased in relation to the initial value, which may be caused by the adsorption of water from the substrate. However, after three months of biodegradation, a decrease in thickness was observed for all samples in comparison to the initial value. Analysis of the surface morphology of the composite samples carried out using a stereoscopic microscope and a scanning electron microscope confirmed the biodegradation process for the obtained composites. Stearin, which is a mixture of fatty acids, used as a composite modifying additive turned out to be a nutrient for microorganisms present in the compost, which accelerated the decomposition of the samples. As a result of the conducted research, it can be stated that the obtained composite has properties that support ecological processing, which is in line with the assumptions of a circular economy.

3

Cryogenically treated goat and human hair reinforced hybrid polymer composites

Thasthagir Syed M, Kumar Ramesh R, Mariappan Mathanbabu, Senthamaraikannan P.

Polimery

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2024

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Vol. 69, nr 5

312--317

EN

Composites of epoxy resin reinforced with goat and human hair were obtained and subjected to cryogenic processing for 24 hours at temperature 77 K. Morphological (SEM), mechanical and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were performed. The best properties were obtained by using a reinforcement consisting of 60 wt% human hair and 40 wt% goat hair. The SEM confirmed good interactions at the interface for this composite.

PL

Otrzymano kompozyty żywicy epoksydowej wzmocnionej kozim i ludzkim włosem, które poddano obróbce kriogenicznej przez 24 godziny w temperaturze 77 K. Zbadano strukturę (SEM), właściwości mechaniczne i termiczne (TGA). Najlepsze właściwości uzyskano stosując wzmocnienie składające się z 60% mas. włosa ludzkiego i 40% mas. włosa koziego. Metodą SEM potwierdzono dla tego kompozytu dobre oddziaływania na granicy faz.

4

Radiolysis of composite polypropylene/hemp fibers

Głuszewski Wojciech, Lewandowska Hanna, Malinowski Rafał, Krasinska Oksana

Nukleonika

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2024

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Vol. 69, No. 2

45--51

EN

This paper presents the results of the research on the effects of ionizing radiation on the properties of a composite material consisting of polypropylene (PP) and hemp fibers (HFs). The radiolysis effects were investigated for the composites having HF contents in the amounts of 10, 20, 30, and 40% by weight, as well as for pure PP. Particular attention was paid to the protective effects the aromatic compounds contained in the HF had on the radiolysis of PP/HF composites. This phenomenon may explain the deviations that the irradiated composites displayed upon the addition of HFs and their dependency on the HF content. Both the granules and the standardized composite specimens were subjected to radiation treatment. The gas chromatography (GC) technique was employed to determine the yield of radiolytically generated hydrogen (GH2) and absorbed oxygen (GO2). The oxidation phenomenon was studied during irradiation, 24 h after irradiation, and after a 40-day aging period at room temperature. Changes in the melt flow rate (MFR) and the mechanical properties were also determined. It was described how the radiation treatment of the investigated composites accelerates their degradation. It was found that this effect applies to both HF and PP. It was also demonstrated that PP not only does not enhance the resistance of HF to oxidation but, on the contrary, accelerates the processes of their post-radiation degradation. It was further observed that the phenomenon of postradiation degradation can be controlled by changing the PP content in the composite, as well as the amount of aromatic compounds present in the HF. The amount of the absorbed dose allows us to control the degradation time of the PP/HF composites. This applies in particular to the chain oxidation of the PP matrix triggered by the ionizing radiation. It was also found that composites based on PP and natural fibers susceptible to radiation degradation may have significant implications for the use of easily degradable polymer materials in the environment.

5

Synthesis, characterization, and applications of a novel poly(4-[pyrrol-1-yl methyl]benzoic acid)–silver composite

Benamrani M. I., Chikouche I., Zouaoui A.

Materials Science Poland

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2024

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Vol. 42, No. 4

11--20

EN

This article describes the manner in which a novel composite compound was synthesized using a novel method and optimized using a poly(4-[pyrrol-1-yl methyl]benzoic acid) (PPy-b) polymer and very little amount of metallic silver microparticles. The deposition of the polymer film on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate surface was performed by electrochemical oxidation of the monomer in acetonitrile medium at an imposed potential. The incorporation of silver microparticles was carried out by immersing the modified electrode in a solution of silver nitrate to complex the Ag+ ions with the carboxylic group (COOH) present in the backbone of the polymer, followed by an electrochemical reduction of the complex to precipitate the silver in the form of metallic microparticles in the polymer film. Different characterization techniques (cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and surface analysis techniques) were used to optimize the prepared material. Despite the very small quantity of silver (a few micrograms), inserted into the polymer film, the composite material thus obtained had good electrical, optical, and catalytic properties.

6

Identyfikacja właściwości sprężystych kompozytu metalicznego AA2124+25%SiC na podstawie pomiarów rozkładów składowych odkształcenia przy wykorzystaniu techniki elektronicznej interferometrii plamkowej ESPI

Kopeć Mateusz, Kowalewski Zbigniew L.

IPPT Reports on Fundamental Technological Research

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2024

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nr 2

43--57

PL

Badany materiał kompozytowy wzmocniony cząstkami węglika krzemu na osnowie stopu aluminium o symbolu AA2124 charakteryzuje się strukturalną niejednorodnością, stąd proces rozwoju uszkodzeń pod wpływem obciążeń zmiennych w zakresie zmęczenia będzie również niejednorodny. Dlatego zależność stałych sprężystości, modułu Younga i współczynnika Poissona badanego kompozytu metalicznego od kierunku obciążenia została zbadana i potwierdzona przy wykorzystaniu elektronicznej interferometrii plamkowej (ESPI) w trakcie zadawanych obciążeń ściskających i rozciągających.

EN

The AA2124 composite, reinforced with silicon carbide particles, exhibits inherent heterogeneity, which leads to a similarly heterogeneous process of damage development under cyclic loading. Consequently, the relationship between the elastic constants – modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio – and the loading direction in the tested metal composite was investigated and confirmed through the use of electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) under both compressive and tensile loads.

7

Flammability Behavior of Hemp Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Koyuncu Menderes

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 1

611--614

EN

In this study, the behavior of hemp fiber/epoxy composites subjected to flammability properties. for the production of composite samples, hemp reinforcements were used: unidirectional two balanced laminates (00/900) different in thickness were studied: 2 plies, 4 plies. The composites were fabricated by hand lay-up process the flammability properties of composites are analyzed by using UL-94. The effects of two different fire retardant compounds (Magnesium hydroxide and Aluminum hydroxide) filling on the Underwriters Laboratories (UL)-94 horizontal and vertical tests were carried out for evaluating the effectiveness of these FR treatments. The effects of 2 - 4% Mg (OH)2 and Al (OH)3 loading on the composites' burning rate was studied. It was seen that the composite results of vertical burning tests classified these composites under No Classification. The rate of burning of the composites decreased with the inclusion of fire retardants and the rate of burning of 11,60 and 11,22 and 12,20, and 10,60 mm/min was found with 4% wt of Mg(OH)2 and Al(OH)3 in composites respectively.

8

Innowacyjne zbrojenie szklane zmniejsza ilość odpadów

Kukliński Mariusz

Energia i Recykling : gospodarka obiegu zamkniętego

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2024

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nr 7

PL

Zastosowanie nowego rodzaju zbrojenia szklanego w produkcji kompozytów obiecuje przełom w redukcji odpadów poprodukcyjnych. Metoda ta, oparta na innowacyjnych technologiach, ma potencjał zmniejszenia ilości odpadów o nawet 20%, podkreślając jednocześnie zalety wytrzymałościowe i efektywność procesu produkcyjnego. Czy nowe rozwiązanie przyniesie rewolucję w branży kompozytów?

9

The tribological characteristics of zirconium diboride particle reinforced composites processed by SPS

Sulima Iwona, Hyjek Paweł

Composites Theory and Practice

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2024

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R. 24, nr 1

2--8

EN

The tribological properties of composites based on 316L steel reinforced with zirconium diboride (5 and 10 wt.%) were described. The composites were fabricated by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. Wear resistance tests were carried out using the ball-on-disc method at room temperature under dry friction conditions. Countersamples made of SiC, Si3N4, ZrO2 and AISI52100 steel were used in the tests. The determined parameters included the coefficient of friction μ, mass loss m and specific wear rate Ws(disc). After the tribological tests, the surfaces of the samples were examined under a confocal microscope. The obtained research results showed that the tribological properties depend on the test conditions (the type of countersample) and on the content of the ZrB2 reinforcing phase.

PL

Przedstawiono właściwości tribologiczne kompozytow na osnowie stali 316L wzmocnionych diborkiem cyrkonu (5 i 10% wag.). Kompozyty zostały wytworzone z zastosowaniem metody Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). Badania odporności na zużycie przeprowadzono, wykorzystując metodę ball-on-disc w temperaturze pokojowej w warunkach tarcia suchego. Testy przeprowadzono, stosując następujące przeciwprobki: SiC, Si3N4, ZrO2 i stal AISI52100. Wyznaczono współczynnik tarcia μ, ubytek masy m i wskaźnik zużycia Ws(disc). Powierzchnie probek po testach tribologicznych obserwowano za pomocą mikroskopu konfokalnego. Uzyskane wyniki badań wykazały, że właściwości tribologiczne zależą od warunkow badań (rodzaju przeciwprobki) i ilość fazy wzmacnianej ZrB2.

10

Investigation of mechanical and degradation characteristics of filament-wound composite pipes incorporating basalt/E-glass hybrid reinforcement

Sarukasan D., Thirumavalavan K.

Composites Theory and Practice

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2024

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R. 24, nr 2

141--154

EN

This study investigates the mechanical (flexural and low-velocity impact test) and chemical (immersion degradation test) properties of basalt/E-glass hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer composite pipes (HFRP) fabricated by the filament winding technique. The HFRP composites composed of eight layers at constant fiber tension and the constant winding angle of ±55° for the basalt fiber and ±90° for the E-glass fiber were fabricated employing a 3-axis filament winding machine with a stage by stage curing process in the furnace. Eleven HFRP composite arrangements with fiber content proportions of 100 %, 25:75 %, 50:50 % and 75:25 % and various stacking sequences were studied. The study revealed that the fiber content ratio had a moderate influence on the mechanical properties, while the stacking sequence played a more significant role. Notably, the specific configuration designated as BGH7, which combined 50 % basalt fibers with 50 % E-glass fibers in a particular stacking order, exhibited superior performance. BGH7 demonstrated a remarkable 39.2 % increase in flexural strength compared to the E-glass FRP composite. Additionally, it showed improved resistance to low-velocity impacts at different energy levels: 60.52 % improvement for 20 J, 5.684 % for 30 J, and 21.30 % for 40 J. The BGH7 configuration also displayed superior resistance to chemical degradation. Compared to the E-glass pipes, BGH7 showed a significant improvement in withstanding exposure to NaCl by 33.48 %, HCl by 70.21 %, and H2SO4 by 114.78 %. This research suggests that the arrangement of basalt and E-glass fibers, particularly the BGH7 configuration, can significantly enhance the mechanical and chemical resistance of HFRP pipes compared to using E-glass fibers alone. The damage analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and ultrasonic scan techniques.

11

Inspections of aircraft composite components

Zeltiņa Sintija, Kleinhofs Mārtiņš, Chatys Rafał

Composites Theory and Practice

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2024

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R. 24, nr 3

200--204

EN

Inspections and intervals between inspections are often controlled by various parameters in the aviation industry. One of them is the method related to the p-set function, which determines the probability of crack formation and its impact on the service life of a component. It especially concerns polymer matrix composite components. Consequently, a deeper look into the basic principles and analysis of economics is needed, which will develop the theory and broaden the perspective from different angles.

12

Application of fly ash/chitosan composites for heavy metal adsorption

Osmani Egzona, Dimitrievska Iva, Paunovik Perica, Atkovska Katerina, Rexhepi Fatos, Grozdanov Anita

Composites Theory and Practice

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2024

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R. 24, nr 2

87--94

EN

The aim of this paper is to investigate the potential of modified fly ash (FA) as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from polluted waters. The effectiveness of unmodified FA was compared to FA modified with chitosan. The FA and FA/chitosan particles were characterized by means of SEM, XRF and FTIR methods. The FA and FA/chitosan composites were investigated as adsorbents for Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Experiments were carried out in a previously optimized pH (pH = 6), at room temperature for 3 hours. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to determine the maximum adsorption capacities of the fly ash samples for Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions. The experimental data indicate that the Langmuir isotherm fits better than the Freundlich isotherm for all the investigated systems. The obtained values of the qm, maximum adsorption capacity for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) with the FA/chitosan composites were (1.068, 1.00, 1.042, 1.369 mg/g), and (2.532, 2.063, 1.036, 2.146, 2.482 mg/g), respectively. The efficiency trend was Pb(II) > Cu(II). The results indicate that the removal efficiency for Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions was 91.1 % and 99.7 %, respectively.

13

Determination of borides in Fe-Mo-B sintered powders using diffraction methods

Karwan-Baczewska J., Perek-Nowak M., Majchrowska M., Garbacz-Klempka A.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 127, nr 1

5--11

EN

Purpose: Modification of sintered iron with the addition of molybdenum and boron leads to the formation of boride phases that significantly impact the properties of the sintered materials. The paper aims to determine Fe-Mo-B phases that might be formed during the sintering of base powders. With EDS microanalysis, determining those phases in the microstructure is difficult since the B-Kα peak is extremely close to Mo-Mζ (only a 9.3 eV difference). Thus, diffraction techniques must be implemented to unambiguously define the phases occurring in the sintered samples (WDS and EBSD). Design/methodology/approach: The sintered samples were obtained from initial powders of Fe, Mo, and B that were mixed and compressed. The reducing hydrogen atmosphere was used to sinter green samples at 1200°C for 60 minutes. The obtained sinters were subjected to microstructural observations by scanning electron microscope, and some analyses (EDS/WDS and EBSD) were conducted, which led to the determination of phases present in the material. Findings: Based on the investigations conducted, iron, molybdenum, and molybdenum-iron borides have been reported. It is confirmed with the EBSD method that Fe2B, MoB and FeMo2B2 phases are formed in particles’ connection regions. Besides, the interparticle region, formed due to a liquid phase during sintering, is based on Fe-Fe2B eutectic. The microstructural observations prove that the amount of the liquid phase, and thus the size of the interparticle region, diminishes with increasing molybdenum content. It was also noted that the iron matrix (interior of former iron particles) is free from contributing elements coming from boron or molybdenum powders. Research limitations/implications: The application of the EDS method is limited in the case of measuring boron in Mo-containing alloys and phases. The EDS method does not have a sufficient energetic resolution to separate the B-Kα line from Mo-Mζ one. Thus, it must be complemented with WDS and EBSD in order to unambiguously determine the presence and localization of iron and molybdenum borides. Practical implications: It can be stated that WDS has sufficient energy resolution to separate B-Kα from Mo-Mζ emission lines. Therefore, WDS analysis is suitable for boride observation in sintered iron powders by constructing distribution maps of interparticle connection regions and precipitates. Besides, measurements by the EBSD method can be used to confirm the presence of Fe2B, MoB and FeMo2B2 phases. Originality/value: Determination of boron-containing phases in Fe-Mo-B sinters by means of diffraction methods.

14

Characteristics of polymer ring springs

Wróbel G., Kaczmarczyk J.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 126, nr 1

23--33

EN

Purpose: The article presents a procedure for modelling and analysing a model system of ring and cone springs, in their particular material solution, using selected polymeric materials. Design/methodology/approach: Subsequently, physical and mathematical models were presented, allowing the formulation of general design assumptions for the target products. The material models made were subjected to experimental tests to evaluate the correctness of the analytical models. Commercially available types of pure polyethylene and polypropylene were used as materials for machined parts based on catalogue properties. The material models were tested under variable static and periodically varying dynamic loads. The constructed finite element model was subjected to verification of the compatibility of the results of the numerical analysis with the results of simple experiments in order to assess the correctness of the model. Practical implications: The correctness and adequacy of the computational model, confirmed in terms of simple load cases, will allow extending the scope of numerical simulation studies to systems that differ in material and geometric design features. Originality/value: The performed studies have proved the advisability of using polymeric materials in the area of the design of ring springs. It allows for the significant expansion of the area of static and dynamic characteristics, which opens new fields of application for similar solutions. Due to the developed and verified numerical model, it becomes possible to analyse similar structural elements in terms of materials and geometry. In particular, interesting results can be expected if the research area is extended to composite materials. Also, the specific properties of plastics make it possible to expand the rationale field for similar systems. The prices of the tested materials and, above all, the cost of processing in the presented structural solutions are competitive in cases where it is possible to obtain similar technical characteristics as steel structures. In addition, a wide range of design requirements can be met exclusively by polymer or composite springs. The tools presented here open up new possibilities for computer-aided design processes.

15

Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Materials for 3D Printing of Ankle Foot Orthoses

Rybarczyk Justyna, Górski Filip, Kuczko Wiesław, Wichniarek Radosław, Siwiec Sabina, Vitkovic Nikola, Păcurar Răzvan

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 4

191--21

EN

The article presents analysis of mechanical properties of specimens fabricated by fused deposition modeling (FDM). The four of considered materials are the well-known 3D printing filaments i.e., polylactide (PLA), Nylon 12 (PA12), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G). The other four of the considered materials are composites with carbon i.e. polylactide with carbon fiber (PLA-CF), Nylon 12 with carbon fiber (PA12-CF), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene with carbon fiber (ABS-CF), polyethylene terephthalate glycol with carbon fiber (PETG-CF). The paper describes how the specimens were designed, printed, subjected to tensile testing, and examined using microscopy. The obtained data will be used to select the optimum material for the rapid manufacture of lower limb orthoses. Carbon composites were found to have better mechanical properties of their base material, but the fabrication of composite samples is much more time consuming, for the reason that the manufacturing process is not stable.

16

Impact Damage Tolerance of Multilayer Epoxy-Glass Composites with Xps Core and Polyurethane Prepolymer Modified Matrix

Masiewicz Joanna, Przybyłek Paweł, Szczepaniak Robert, Zahorski Tomasz, Kostrzewa Marcin, Czyż Mateusz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 6

218--226

EN

A significant need within the design of materials for vehicles or other engineering structures is to determine their potential to mitigate impact loads. The material acting as a shield during an impact absorbs energy, dissipating the excess in a process of irreversible deformation. In order to prevent this, or to limit the areas of damage as much as possible, have begun to be used materials that absorb impact energy without drastically compromising their strength. Energy Absorbing Composite Structures (EACS) have the ability to convert impact energy into some form of energy absorbed through deformation. Compared to homogeneous materials, a numer of factors also point to the increasing advantage of using composite sandwich structures, which, in addition to their high strength ratings, have a lower weight and a much more effective ability to absorb shock or impact load energy. This paper presents the results of damage tolerance testing of epoxy-glass sandwich composites with chemical modified matrix. The damage tolerance of the composites was determined using an Instron CEAST 9340 testing machine with an impact energy ranging from 5-35J and indicated the value at which visible damage to the composite occurs while it retains some of its strength properties. It was the most important test to determine the damage tolerance, but additional tests to characterise the strength of the composite more comprehensively were also performed. Experimental studies were used to present a methodology for the preliminary characterisation of the material strength and to analyse the relation between structure and mechanical response of the composite.

17

Analysis of the thermal expansion coefficient of glass- and carbon-fibre-reinforced composites

Fejkiel Romuald, Skwara Krystian

Advances in Mechanical and Materials Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 41, nr 1

17--26

EN

With the development of manufacturing processes, an increase in the importance of metal-fibre composites in materials engineering is observed. These are materials consisting of appropriately arranged layers of metal and various types of fibres. The very wide use of composite materials in the construction of machine and equipment components means they are often exposed to work in variable temperature conditions. The aim of this article was analysis of the thermal expansion of typical composites: carbon fibre-reinforced polymer, glass fibre-reinforced polymer, glass-reinforced aluminium laminate and carbon-fibre reinforced aluminium laminate. EN AW-6060 aluminium alloy was used as the reference material. The aim of the dilatometric tests was to determine the coefficient of thermal expansion and the dimensional stability of composite materials at elevated temperatures up to 100 °C. The EN AW-6060 aluminium alloy was characterized by the highest linear expansion coefficient (20.27×10−6 1/K). Composites containing glass fibres were characterized by the lowest positive linear thermal expansion coefficient. Among the composite materials tested, CARALLs exhibit the lowest thermal expansion coefficient.

PL

Wraz z rozwojem techniki, możemy zaobserwować wzrost znaczenia kompozytów metalowo-włóknistych w inżynierii mechanicznej. Są to materiały składające się z odpowiednio ułożonych warstw metalu oraz różnego rodzaju włókien. Bardzo szerokie zastosowanie materiałów kompozytowych w budowie elementów maszyn i urządzeń powoduje, że niejednokrotnie są one narażone na pracę w warunkach zmiennych temperatur. Celem tego artykułu była analiza rozszerzalności cieplnej typowych materiałów kompozytowych wzmocnionych włóknami węglowymi i szklanymi oraz laminatów typu GLARE i CARALL. Jako materiał referencyjny wykorzystano stop aluminium EN AW-6060. Celem badań dylatometrycznych było określenie rozszerzalności cieplnej i stabilności wymiarowej materiałów kompozytowych w podwyższonych temperaturach do 100°C z szybkością nagrzewania 5°C/min. Największym współczynnikiem rozszerzalności liniowej (20,27×10−61/K) charakteryzował się stop aluminium EN AW-6060. Najmniejszym dodatnim liniowym współczynnikiem rozszerzalności cieplnej charakteryzowały się kompozyty zawierające włókna szklane. Spośród materiałów kompozytowych, najmniejszym współczynnikiem rozszerzalności cieplnej charakteryzował się kompozyt typu CARALL.

18

Structural integrity of three dimensional printed carbon fiber composites/nanocomposites for aeronautical components—current scenarios and opportunities

Kausar Ayesha

Advances in Materials Science

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2024

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Vol. 24, nr 4(82)

67--97

EN

This state-of-the-art innovatory overview essentially debates practical worth of three-dimensional printed composites/nanocomposites (especially carbon fiber designs) for aerospace sector. Recently, three-dimensional printing (additive manufacturing) has competently transpired for designing high performance space structures. The manuscript systematically frameworks fundamentals of three-dimensional printing approach, ensuing high-tech aeronautical carbon fiber composites/nanocomposite systems, and space components/structural applications. Amongst carbonaceous fillers, short/continuous carbon fibers were inspected as outperforming reinforcements for aerospace. Additionally, surface modified/composited carbon fibers with nanocarbons (carbon nanotube, graphene) have been reported. Accordingly, polyamide, poly(lactic acid), poly(ether ether ketone), epoxies, etc. have been documented as substantial thermoplastic/thermosetting matrices. Ensuing radical polymer/carbon fiber or polymer/carbon fiber/nanocarbon hybrids have benefits regarding low-cost manufacturing, structural precision, complex geometries, high efficiency, least structural defects/voids, superior tensile and shear strength/modulus, compression strength, interlaminar strength, wear properties, thermo-dimensional constancy, and heat stability features, under extreme space environments. Consequently, cutting-edge three-dimensional printed carbon fiber hybrids offered myriad of promising opportunities for mechanically robust (nozzle wearing, strengthened wing spar/ribs, resilient rotating components, interlaminar strength/dimensional stability) and high temperature stable (cryogenic fuel storage, lower earth orbital stability, thermal-dimensional steadiness, thermal conductivity) for aerospace modules. Henceforth, three-dimensional printing owns enormous engineering potential to meet aeronautical manufacturing demands by overcoming challenges of traditional techniques.

19

Novel pla composites modified with steel fibres and (3-thiopropyl) polysilsesquioxane derivatives

Pakuła Daria, Sztorch Bogna, Romańczuk-Ruszuk Eliza, Marciniec Bogdan, Przekop Robert E.

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 4

707--713

EN

In recent years, a significant increase in the development of new composite materials with desirable mechanical, thermal or surface properties has been observed. One of the popular polymers on the market is polylactide. This article explores how to modify the polymer using steel fibres and organosilicon compounds (SSQ-SH, SSQ-SH-OCT, and SSQ-SH-OFP) to enhance its properties. Test samples were obtained by injection molding with varying concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2.5%, and 5% of steel fibres. Mechanical tests, including tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength, were conducted, along with an analysis of the contact angle. The modified samples showed higher impact strength values, with the PLA /steel fibres /SSQ-SH sample seeing an increase of 12%. The addition of modifiers with fluoroalkyl groups led to a contact angle increase of 8.5% compared to neat PLA. Thermal tests (TGA) were also carried out to determine the influence of fibres and organosilicon compounds on decomposition.

20

Assessment of the applicability of basalt fiber-reinforced epoxy composites in vehicle construction

Ćwiek Janusz, Wierzbicki Łukasz

Transport Problems

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2023

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T. 18, z. 1

43--53

EN

This article presents a description of the properties of basalt fibers and polymer composites containing basalt fibers. Basalt fibers are seen as a potentially beneficial component in composite development, especially for vehicles in transport applications. The article also presents the results of the mechanical properties investigation of the glass-epoxy and basalt-epoxy composites. The composites for testing were prepared using the popular hand lay-up method. The samples were cut from prepared plates using abrasive water jet methods. The obtained samples were tested to evaluate their flexural strength and interlaminar sharing strength. The achieved mechanical properties were compared.