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1

Analysis of the impact of protected areas on property prices in the case of Mosina municipality

Chwiałkowski Cyprian, Zydroń Adam, Szczepański Piotr

Economics and Environment

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2026

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No. 2

art. no. 1322

EN

The aim of the study was to identify the effect of the accessibility of the Wielkopolska National Park (WNP) on the prices of undeveloped land intended for development in the municipality of Mosina. The study was conducted on the basis of transaction data obtained from the District Centre for Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation in Poznań. The input data was subjected to spatial and statistical analysis. The main part of the analysis was performed using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method and geographically weighted regression (GWR). The use of statistical tools provided irrefutable evidence that the prices of the analysed properties are related to their proximity to the Wielkopolska National Park, and that the impact of this feature is heterogeneous within the analysed area, which highlights the complexity of the phenomenon under study. The main findings of GWR indicate that the proximity of a property to a national park exerts a negative influence on its value, with coefficients for transactions in the immediate vicinity of WNP ranging from -0.0093 to -0.0006. Conversely, building plots situated in the broader vicinity of a legally protected area are associated with higher prices, attributable to the site's attractiveness, with coefficients reaching positive values up to a maximum of 0.0146.

PL

Celem badania było określenie wpływu dostępności Wielkopolskiego Parku Narodowego (WNP) na ceny nieruchomości niezabudowanych przeznaczonych pod zabudowę w gminie Mosina. Badanie przeprowadzono na podstawie danych transakcyjnych pozyskanych z Powiatowego Ośrodka Dokumentacji Geodezyjnej i Kartograficznej w Poznaniu. Dane wejściowe poddano analizie przestrzennej i statystycznej. Zasadnicza część analizy została wykonana z wykorzystaniem metody regresji najmniejszych kwadratów (OLS) oraz regresji ważonej geograficznie (GWR). Zastosowanie narzędzi statystycznych pozwoliło znaleźć niezaprzeczalne dowody na to, że ceny analizowanych nieruchomości są związane z sąsiedztwem Wielkopolskiego Parku Narodowego, a sposób oddziaływania przedmiotowej cechy jest nie-jednorodny w obrębie analizowanego obiektu co podkreśla złożoność analizowanego zjawiska. Główne wyniki badania techniką GWR wskazują, że bliskość nieruchomości do parku narodowego ma negatywny wpływ na jej wartość, przy czym współczynniki dla transakcji w bezpośrednim WNP wahają się od -0.0093 do -0.0006. Z drugiej strony, działki budowlane położone w dalszym sąsiedztwie obszaru prawnie chronionego charakteryzują się wyższymi cenami, co wynika z atrakcyjności lokalizacji, przy czym współczynniki te osiągają wartości dodatnie, sięgające maksymalnie 0.0146.

2

Seasonal and predictive analysis of transport fleet availability and reliability using long-term operational data

Guzanek Patrycja, Borucka Anna

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2026

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Vol. 74, nr 1

art. no. e155894

EN

This study introduces a novel empirical approach to analyzing seasonal variations in the availability and reliability of a transport vehicle fleet. While previous research has examined fleet reliability, few studies have integrated long-term operational data with complementary technical indicators and statistical modeling of seasonality. Using three key metrics – fleet availability rate (FAR), mean time between failures (MTBF), and mean time to repair (MTTR) – data from 10 distribution vehicles operating over three years (2022–2024) were analyzed to identify recurring seasonal patterns. A linear regression model with seasonal dummy variables was applied to quantify the impact of weather conditions and operational intensity on vehicle availability. The results reveal a clear seasonal cycle: the lowest availability and highest failure rates occur between February and May, while summer and early autumn show near-optimal performance. The model demonstrated statistically significant differences between quarters and indicated a gradual long-term improvement in FAR. This study introduces a novel analytical and predictive framework that combines three reliability indicators with long-term operational data and regression-based seasonal modeling. The approach facilitates not only the identification of seasonal effects but also the prediction of fleet availability trends to support data-driven maintenance planning. These findings support more accurate forecasting of fleet availability and provide actionable guidance for optimizing maintenance schedules, resource allocation, and downtime risk management in transport operations. Overall, the results demonstrate how integrating operational data with seasonal regression models can improve predictive decision-making and optimize transport fleet reliability.

3

Capacity analysis at urban uncontrolled intersections under mixed traffic conditions: a case study in Warangal city

Kota Ramesh Babu, Pallela Sruthi Sekhar, Lalam Govinda

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

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z. 126

97--116

EN

The performance of the road network depends on the capacity of the intersection in the area. Estimation of capacity becomes difficult under mixed traffic conditions where different types of vehicles share common space without following priority rule. Yield- controlled and stop sign-controlled intersections operate similarly to uncontrolled intersections in India due to lack of respect for priority rules and lane discipline. The current study estimated capacity using critical gaps based on the HCM methodology and examined the relationship between occupancy time and capacity. Aiming to develop a model to estimate capacity directly from occupancy time. Five three-legged uncontrolled intersections were selected and data were acquired through a video camera. The occupation time and gap data were extracted manually and the effect of various geometric and traffic parameters like median width, conflicting flow, proportion of heavy vehicles in the conflicting flow, and pedestrian flow on extracted occupation time using correlation and regression analysis was studied. The results of the study stated that with a 5% increase in conflicting flow occupation time was increased by 0.2 sec and with a 1% increase in heavy vehicles in conflicting flow, occupation time increased by 0.35 sec, and for a 5% increase in pedestrian volume the occupation time of minor approach is increased by 0.13 sec. Two-wheelers and Three-wheeler vehicles had the least critical gap and the highest was observed for heavy vehicles. Capacity was found to decrease with an increase in occupation time. A linear regression model was developed to estimate capacity using occupation time. This paper can provide a better understanding of the occupation time and its effect on movement capacity.

4

The impact of non-financial information on the financial performance of large Bulgarian and South African road freight companies

Petrova-Kirova Magdalena, Yosifova Desislava

Transport Problems

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2025

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T. 20, z. 1

207--220

EN

The transport sector is one of the key sectors of the economy, contributing significantly to GDP, employment, and job creation. However, it is also one of the main polluters of the environment. In the specialized literature, there is little to no evidence of research conducted on the demand (presence or absence) for a relationship and correlation between disclosed non-financial information (NFI) and the financial performance of transport sector companies. The present research attempts to at least partially fill these gaps by applying appropriate research methods and analytical approaches and interpretation of the results obtained by targeting a sample of companies that fall under the mandatory regime and those that have a voluntary disclosure regime of non-financial information. The study of international practices in this area is based on eight South African road freight transport companies listed on a world stock exchange. The research of these foreign companies is used as a kind of bridge for comparison to focus on a specific sample of Bulgarian companies (the two largest entities for international road freight transport on European territory and beyond). By using the capabilities of statistical software (Gretl and Stata software), an answer is sought to the question of whether the NFI disclosure (i.e., the preparation of an integrated report/non-financial statement or corporate sustainability report) in accordance with GRI standards for a certain reporting period affects the financial performance of the companies in the following year(s). A difference-in-differences analysis was conducted to trace (search for and possibly confirm) a causality and measure the effect of NFI disclosure.

5

Performance of selected outlier-tolerant linear regression algorithms implemented on Arm Cortex - M

Makowski Łukasz, Węgrzynowski Daniel, Kocon Lidia

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2025

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R. 101, nr 7

122--126

EN

This work evaluates the feasibility of implementing linear regression algorithms on microcontrollers in measurement systems. The study covers OLS, RANSAC, Huber, and Theil-Sen methods, and was later extended to include the Hampel estimator. The algorithms were analyzed with respect to memory usage, execution time, and robustness to outliers. Experiments on the ST M32L476RG microcontroller confirmed correct operation under practical constraints and highlighted trade - offs between accuracy, resource use, and real ‑time requirements.

PL

W pracy oceniono możliwość implementacji algorytmów regresji liniowej na mikrokontrolerach w systemach pomi arowych. Badania objęły metody OLS, RANSAC, Hubera oraz Theila ‑Sena, a następnie rozszerzono je o estymator Hampela. Ana lizowano zużycie pamięci, czas wykonania oraz odporność na wartości odstające. Eksperymenty na mikrokontrolerze STM32L476RG potwierdziły poprawne działanie w warunkach praktycznych i uwidoczniły kompromisy między dokładnością, wykorzystaniem zasobów a wymaganiami czasu rzeczywistego.

6

New design standards for territorial planning of arable land

Moteva Milena, Kostadinov Georgi, Caireac Vladimir

GIS Odyssey Journal

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2025

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Vol. 5, no. 2

55--72

EN

The objective of the paper is to develop design standards for agricultural territory development by taking into account the characteristics of the modern agricultural machinery and the environmental requirements for maintaining healthy soil. The dimensional elements of a field plot under two agricultural machinery classes at two relevant agricultural practices were studied: 1) medium-class agricultural machinery and conventional tillage; 2) high-class agricultural machinery and zero tillage. Five design solutions for a field territory arrangement were developed. The draft projects were based on data from field experiments, in which winter wheat and corn were grown, on Chernozems. Data of three types of agricultural machines was gathered and processed: a seeder, a sprayer and a fertilizer spreader. The experimental data were processed in a single-factor and a multifactor regression analyses. The relationship between the field area, the length-width ratio, the machine working stroke and machine working hours was studied. It was established that the high-class agricultural machinery, combined with zero tillage technology, determines more rational field structure and contributes to more sustainable use of soil. New possible dimensions for a crop rotation field were established: up to 180 ha of a field area; more than 1300 m of working stroke; and 12:1 length-width ratio. An update of agricultural territory design standards was suggested.

7

Forecasting the required quantity of cement manufacturing materials using time series and Q-Network techniques

Madjour Hassina, Zermane Hanane, Benaicha Sonia

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2025

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Vol. 32, nr 3

415--426

EN

In the era of Industry 4.0, accurate prediction of industrial process parameters is essential for optimising operations, lowering costs, and enhancing product quality. Traditional statistical methods often struggle to capture the complex temporal dependencies within industrial processes. This study explores the use of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM), and Q-Network models to predict material quantities in an industrial dataset. The dataset was pre-processed to address missing values and outliers, and the models were evaluated based on Mean Squared Error (MSE), R2, and accuracy. The results show that the LSTM model achieved an MSE of 14.253 and an R2 of 0.700. The BiLSTM model greatly outperformed it, with an MSE of 0.714 and an R2 of 0.985. The Q-Network model produced an MSE of 0.005 and an R2 of 0.992. These findings demonstrate the Q-Network’s superior ability to capture temporal dependencies within the data.

8

Estimation of CO2 emissions from vehicles using machine learning and multi-model investigation

Mungan Mükerrem Sinem, Arpa Orhan

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2025

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Vol. 73, nr 4

art. no. e154287

EN

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the prediction of carbon dioxide emissions from vehicles using machine learning-based regression models. Linear regression, lasso regression, k-nearest neighbor regression, random forest, and CatBoostRegressor algorithms are systematically evaluated using a dataset of vehicle specifications and emissions data. Hyper-parameter optimization was performed using a grid search method and the performance of the models was measured using mean squared error, root mean squared error, mean absolute error, and R-squared metrics. CatBoostRegressor stood out for its high predictive accuracy, while random forest and k-nearest neighbor models also produced notable results, while linear models failed to model complex data relationships. Correlation analysis showed that engine displacement, number of cylinders, and fuel consumption were strongly correlated (0.92–0.99) with carbon dioxide emissions. The comparison with the literature showed that the study was characterized by its multi-model approach, rigorous data pre-processing, and systematic optimization. However, the geographical limitation of the dataset and the lack of dynamic variables such as driving conditions restrict its generalizability. In the future, explainable artificial intelligence methods and larger datasets may overcome these limitations. By highlighting the applicability of CatBoostRegressor, this study strengthens the contribution of machine learning to environmental sustainability policy and provides methodological innovation in the literature.

9

The Influence of the World Grain Market on Prevalence of Mankind’s Undernourishment in the Times of War on the Ukraine

Kozlovskyi Serhii, Yousuf Allam, Butenko Vira, Kulinich Tetiana, Bohdaniuk Olena, Nikolenko Liudmyla, Lavrov Ruslan

Problemy Ekorozwoju

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2024

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Vol. 19, no. 1

31--42

EN

The world cereal production and supply as well as their trade, stock and losses are important indicators of the world market of cereals. They play a huge role in ensuring food security. The aim of this research is to identify the relation of the indicators of the world grain crops market (production, supply, losses, trade, stocks) and the level of malnutrition Prevalence of Undernourishment (PoU) among the world's population. Based on data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), a correlation-regression analysis was conducted between indicators of the global grain crops market, in particular: the wheat market, the fodder market of grain crops, the rice market and PoU of the world population for the period 2013/14 – 2020/2021 marketing years. It has been proven that there is a close, statistically reliable relationship between the above mentioned indicators, except for grain stocks and POU. The analysis of the world cereal market showed that among the indicators characterizing its conditions, the indicator trade in grain crops (r = 0.851; D = 0.724; F = 3.968, (F > F t ); z = 1.26; rL = 0.37; rU = 0.97) has the highest level of correlation. It was found that with an increase in the volume of world cereal trade by 1 million tons, the PoU level will increase by 0.018%. A review of literary sources proves that the problem of ensuring food security, in particular with regard to reducing the level of starvation and malnutrition, cannot be solved only by fighting climate change, overcoming socio-economic and military problems, fighting pandemics, etc. Its solution to a large extent depends on fair, uniform export and import of food products, as evidenced by the calculations. A separate direction for solving the problem of the spread of malnutrition is the elimination of the policy of highly developed countries regarding the application of individual sanctions against countries with high PoU values, in particular, the Central African Republic, Madagascar, Haiti, Afghanistan, Chad, Congo, Lesotho, Liberia, Mozambique, etc.

PL

Światowa produkcja i podaż zbóż, a także handel nimi, zapasy i straty są ważnymi wskaźnikami światowego rynku zbóż. Odgrywają ogromną rolę w zapewnieniu bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego. Celem badań jest identyfikacja zależności wskaźników światowego rynku zbóż (produkcja, podaż, straty, handel, zapasy) a poziomem niedożywienia (PoU) wśród ludności świata. Na podstawie danych Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych ds. Wyżywienia i Rolnictwa (FAO) przeprowadzono analizę korelacji-regresji pomiędzy wskaźnikami światowego rynku zbóż, w szczególności: rynkiem pszenicy, rynkiem paszowym zbóż, rynkiem rynek ryżu i PoU światowej populacji w latach gospodarczych 2013/14 – 2020/2021. Wykazano, że istnieje ścisła, statystycznie wiarygodna zależność pomiędzy wymienionymi wskaźnikami, z wyjątkiem zapasów zbóż i POU. Analiza światowego rynku zbóż wykazała, że wśród wskaźników charakteryzujących jego warunki znajduje się wskaźnik handlu zbożami (r = 0,851; D = 0,724; F = 3,968, (F > F t ); z = 1,26; rL = 0,37; rU = 0,97) wykazuje najwyższy poziomem korelacji. Stwierdzono, że wraz ze wzrostem wolumenu światowego handlu zbożami o 1 milion ton poziom PoU wzrośnie o 0,018%. Przegląd źródeł literackich dowodzi, że problemu zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa żywnościowego, w szczególności w zakresie ograniczenia poziomu głodu i niedożywienia, nie można rozwiązać jedynie poprzez walkę ze zmianami klimatycznymi, przezwyciężanie problemów społeczno-gospodarczych i militarnych, walkę z pandemiami itp. Jego rozwiązanie w dużej mierze zależy od sprawiedliwego, jednolitego eksportu i importu produktów spożywczych, co potwierdzają wyliczenia. Odrębnym kierunkiem rozwiązania problemu szerzenia się niedożywienia jest eliminowanie polityki krajów wysoko rozwiniętych w zakresie stosowania indywidualnych sankcji wobec krajów o wysokich wartościach PoU, w szczególności Republiki Środkowoafrykańskiej, Madagaskaru, Haiti, Afganistanu, Czadu, Kongo, Lesotho, Liberii i Mozambiku.

10

Regression analysis of experimental data in a study of the performance of a flat flame burner

Petrov Ivan Antonov

Polityka Energetyczna

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2024

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T. 27, z. 2

89--104

EN

The complex nature of the combustion process, which simultaneously obeys the laws of thermodynamics, heat transfer, aerodynamics and the chemical kinetics of oxidation reactions, makes numerical modelling very difficult and the experimental approach is currently playing a crucial role in their investigation. The modern highly developed theory of experimental design combines various analytical procedures that allow, with a minimum number of experiments, the obtaining of maximum information about the physical or technological processes under investigation, the properties of materials and phenomena. The ability to determine the influence of the main mode and design parameters on the geometrical characteristics of the flare is a prerequisite for effectively influencing the combustion process in order to intensify it. The present work is an introduction to the methods of planning and knowledge of multifactorial experiments, including: the preparation, conduct and processing of experimental results; mastering the methodology of experimental research; using the methods of mathematical statistics and regression analysis to plan experiments; developing the ability to analyze the object of study; correctly selecting the optimization parameter and the essential factors of the object of study; building an experiment planning matrix to obtain an adequate mathematical model of the object. The objective of this work is to propose an approach to study the effect of mode and design parameters, on the basic dimensions and shape of the gas flare, based on regression analysis of experimental data in the study of the performance of a flat flame burner.

PL

Złożony charakter procesu spalania, który jednocześnie podlega prawom termodynamiki, wymiany ciepła, aerodynamiki i kinetyce chemicznej reakcji utleniania, sprawia, że modelowanie numeryczne jest bardzo trudne, a podejście eksperymentalne odgrywa obecnie kluczową rolę w ich badaniach. Nowoczesna, wysoko rozwinięta teoria projektowania eksperymentów łączy w sobie różne procedury analityczne, które pozwalają przy minimalnej liczbie eksperymentów uzyskać maksimum informacji o badanych procesach fizycznych lub technologicznych, właściwościach materiałów i zjawiskach. Umiejętność określenia wpływu trybu głównego i parametrów konstrukcyjnych na charakterystykę geometryczną płomienia jest warunkiem skutecznego oddziaływania na proces spalania w celu jego intensyfikacji. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi wprowadzenie do metod planowania i wiedzy o eksperymentach wieloczynnikowych, obejmujące: przygotowanie, prowadzenie i przetwarzanie wyników eksperymentów; opanowanie metodyki badań eksperymentalnych; wykorzystanie metod statystyki matematycznej i analizy regresji do planowania eksperymentów; rozwijanie umiejętności analizy przedmiotu studiów; prawidłowy dobór parametru optymalizacyjnego i istotnych czynników przedmiotu badań; zbudowanie macierzy planowania eksperymentu w celu uzyskania odpowiedniego modelu matematycznego obiektu. Celem artykułu jest zaproponowanie podejścia do badania wpływu trybu i parametrów projektowych na podstawowe wymiary i kształt pochodni gazowej, w oparciu o analizę regresji danych eksperymentalnych w badaniu wydajności palnika z płaskim płomieniem.

11

Regression Analysis as a Tool for Assessing the Causal Relationships Between Urban Form and Socioeconomic Indicators of Urban Life

Cysek-Pawlak Monika Maria, Krzysztofik Sylwia, Polishchuk Andrii

Builder

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2024

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R.28, nr 9

14--17

EN

The article addresses the issue of the functional dependency between the urban environment and social life in the city. The research hypothesis concerns that the regression analysis, the tool that is designed and dedicated to extract deterministic dependencies from random data is the method that could be applied in planning research in order to access the impact of the urban form on the socioeconomic variables in the city. Authors briefly describe the possibilities of regression analysis and provide example of its application in urban planning.

PL

Artykuł porusza kwestię zależności funkcjonalnej między środowiskiem miejskim a życiem społecznym w mieście. Hipoteza badawcza zakłada, że analiza regresji, narzędzie zaprojektowane i dedykowane do wyodrębniania deterministycznych zależności z losowych danych, jest metodą, która może być zastosowana w badaniach planistycznych w celu oceny wpływu formy urbanistycznej na zmienne społeczno-ekonomiczne w mieście. Autorzy krótko opisują możliwości analizy regresji i podają przykład jej zastosowania w planowaniu urbanistycznym.

12

Construction monitoring and analysis of low mountain ridge tunnel

Ouyang Jian, Wang Haijun, Wu Luxiang, Zhang Kexin, Xue Xingwei

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 70, nr 1

573--587

EN

In order to obtain the change rule of surrounding rock structure displacement and supporting structure internal force with time during the construction of the low mountain ridge tunnel, this paper relies on the Xishan Tunnel Project as the background. During tunneling, the displacement around the tunnel, the subsidence of the surface, the internal force of the steel arch and the pressure between the two layers of support are monitored dynamically. According to the above monitoring and measurement data, and the monitoring data analysis and nonlinear regression fitting, the predicted trend curve is obtained, the displacement change rules and characteristics of various surrounding rocks of the tunnel are obtained, to ensure the construction safety and stability requirements of supporting structure, and to provide a reasonable opportunity for the construction of secondary lining.

13

Application of regression models on the prediction of corrosion degradation of a crude oil distillation unit

Varbai Balázs, Wéber Richárd, Farkas Balázs, Danyi Péter, Krójer Antal, Locskai Roland, Bohács György, Hős Csaba

Advances in Materials Science

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2024

|

Vol. 24, nr 1(79)

72--85

EN

The crude distillation unit is the most critical elements in the refining process. Moreover, most of the equipment in the distillation unit are made of general carbon steels. Data analysis models, machine learning techniques can predict corrosion degradation rates. We used Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression, to predict the impact of process parameters. Altogether, we have analysed 84 channels of technological parameters, and 22 different types of crude oils. Among the corrosion agents, the chloride content strongly affected the weight loss of coupons, where the highest coefficient was 0.68. The most influential parameter is found to be the pH value. Thus, an estimation method of the pH value is set up to predict the corrosion degradation rate. The regression correlation for estimating the pH value is 0.53 if the corrosion agents are not used, which can be improved to 0.76 if the corrosion agents are also used in the regression analysis.

14

Impact of EU allowances cost on the financial results of polish power companies

Jerzemowska Magdalena, Krzywdziński Krzysztof

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

|

z. 170

179--202

EN

Purpose: The aim of the article is to estimate the impact of the EU Allowances price increase on the financial results and return on investment in the portfolio of shares of four listed power companies, i.e., Enea S.A., Energa S.A., PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna S.A., and TAURON Polska Energia S.A. Design/methodology/approach: Financial analysis of energy groups. Statistical analysis, a linear regression model with 6 independent variables and the dependent variable, i.e., the return on investment in the portfolio of shares of the analyzed companies. The studies cover the years 2016-2021. Findings: The results of the financial analysis show that the analyzed energy groups did not always could include increased operating costs in the price of energy sold in 2016-2021? The linear regression analysis did not indicate that the decrease in the profitability of investments in the shares of the surveyed companies can be explained by the increase in the prices of EU Allowances. Research limitation/implications: The inability to determine the unequivocal impact of the EU Allowances price increase on the financial results and share prices of the considered companies can be explained by the number of operating segments in the energy groups, the outbreak of the COVID pandemic and negative GDP in 2020, and the "upward rebound" of the economy after the pandemic and high GDP in 2021. Practical implications: The analysis is useful for shareholders of electricity companies and politicians who create regulations concerning the Polish energy policy. The results of the study are useful to all stakeholders of electricity companies. Social influence: The high costs of EU Allowances affect electricity prices for the Polish society and prove very high CO2 emissions when producing electricity in Poland. Originality/value: The conducted financial analysis and regression analysis are one of the first attempts to indicate the impact of the increase in the cost of CO2 emission allowances on the financial results and share prices of Polish energy companies. The article contributes to reducing the research gap existing in Polish literature in this area.

15

Analysis of pedestrian characteristics crossing along roads

Asmael Noor M., Waheed Mohanned Q.

Transport Problems

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2023

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T. 18, z. 4

189--200

EN

Pedestrian crossing represents a substantial problem. In Iraq, there are no spaces marked specifically for pedestrians, which causes many conflicts between vehicles and pedestrians that lead to many accidents. The pedestrian death rate has increased recently due to the deficiency in adequate pedestrian infrastructure. However, to date, limited research has measured pedestrian behavior at crossing intersections in Iraq. There is a need to carry out in-depth studies to analyze crossing behavior to increase traffic efficiency and pedestrian crossing safety. Pedestrian crossing behavior is a serious issue to be addressed to provide adequate pedestrian facilities to enhance the pedestrian traffic environment. Road safety can be improved by locating crossing locations at the right locations and enforcing laws for pedestrian crossing. This study analyzes pedestrian crossing behavior in Baghdad City, Iraq, for four intersections at an unmarked crossing in the Central Business District (CBD) area. All required data were collected by video recording and a field questionnaire. Then, the data were extracted from video recordings and classified according to the selected variables. The period for observing the behavior was during the morning peak hours (November; time: 8:00 to 9:00 a.m.) for three days per week during normal conditions. This study examines pedestrian characteristics, vehicle/pedestrian flow characteristics, and traffic environment. Crossing patterns were followed for different gender and age groups. The finding reveals that the mean pedestrian speed is 1.33 m/sec. Also, males have a higher speed than females. The influences of age, gender, group size, and road width significantly affected pedestrian speed. The pedestrian speed decreased as pedestrian age increased. Gender and group size had significant effects on distinct crossing speeds. In addition, there is a weak significant correlation between pedestrian speed and selected variables. The study recommended specific marked places where a pedestrian must be located, and according to the pedestrian speed estimated in this study, a signal control for a pedestrian is recommended to be set up beside the street to organize the crossing with appropriate time for crossing safely.

16

Managerial perspective on ESG and financial performance of car manufacturers

Tancke Leon Martin, Užík Martin, Block Sebastian, Glova Jozef, Boha Hithim

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2023

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Vol. 28. No. 1

330--343

EN

This study aims to analyse the relationship between world-largest car manufacturers' environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosures and their financial and market-based performance. For this purpose, the models of choice were panel data considering ten years. A set of independent control variables and ESG score or subsets of the ESG score were investigated against the dependent measures of a firm’s financial (ROA) and market-based (Tobin’s Q) performance. The paper's novelty is the industry-specific perspective and results that are scarce and indicate a mixed influence of the ESG subsets. The results obtained by regression analysis underline a non-significant positive relationship between ESG and ROA, meaning ESG activities are valued less than expected. Interestingly, the market's valuation, which Tobin's Q should capture, has presented some significant influence. That implies that investors value ESG performance in the long term, which is particularly relevant information for decision-makers in the automotive industry.

PL

Niniejsze badanie ma na celu analizę związku między ujawnianymi przez największych światowych producentów samochodów informacjami dotyczącymi środowiska, społeczeństwa i ładu korporacyjnego (ESG) a ich wynikami finansowymi i rynkowymi. W tym celu wybrano modele danych panelowych obejmujące dziesięć lat. Zestaw zmiennych kontrolnych niezależnych i wynik ESG lub podzbiory wyniku ESG zostały zbadane pod kątem zależnych miar wyników finansowych (ROA) i rynkowych (Q Tobina) firmy. Nowością w artykule jest perspektywa branżowa i wyniki, które są rzadkie i wskazują na mieszany wpływ podzbiorów ESG. Wyniki uzyskane za pomocą analizy regresji podkreślają nieistotny dodatni związek między ESG a ROA, co oznacza, że działania ESG są wyceniane niżej niż oczekiwano. Co ciekawe, wycena rynkowa, którą powinno odzwierciedlać Q Tobina, wykazała pewien znaczący wpływ. Oznacza to, że inwestorzy cenią wyniki ESG w perspektywie długoterminowej, co jest szczególnie istotną informacją dla decydentów w branży motoryzacyjnej.

17

Monitoring of engine oil degradation and possiblities of life predictions in combustion engine

Lukášik Pavol

Diagnostyka

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2023

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Vol. 24, No. 3

art. no. 2023306

EN

The article entitled Monitoring of engine oil degradation and possibilities of life prediction in combustion engine deals with chronological monitoring of engine oil on the monitored object - a passenger car with a petrol engine. The research concerns the basic physico-chemical parameters of motor oil, where it discusses the operational factors that contribute to its degradation. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the analysis of the current state of the problem in the chemical composition of engine oils, analysis of the current state of contact indicators of oil quality in lubrication systems of internal combustion engines and analysis of contactless systems "live" evaluating engine oil quality during vehicle operation. The research part of the work includes the collection of operational data, laboratory analysis of oil samples and statistical processing of the results of tribodiagnostic monitoring. This article discusses the 1st phase of extensive long-term research in the field of tribology and operation of the Mitsubishi Lancer 1.5 Inform motor vehicle.

18

Koszty naprawy awarii przewodów wodociągowych

Studziński Andrzej

Materiały Budowlane

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2022

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nr 11

162--164

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę kosztów naprawy przewodów wodociągowych, której podstawą są dane eksploatacyjne. W analizie uwzględniono koszty bezpośrednie, na które składają się koszty materiałów, sprzętu oraz robocizny. Wykorzystano wieloetapową analizę regresji, rozpatrywano zależność kosztów usuwania awarii od średnicy przewodu, jego rodzaju, materiału oraz czasu trwania naprawy. Badania nie wykazały zależności kosztów od materiału przewodu i jego rodzaju na przyjętym poziomie istotności 0,05.

EN

The paper presents an analysis of the costs of repairing water pipes, which is based on operational data. The analysis took into account direct costs, which include the cost of materials, equipment and labor. A multi-stage regression analysis was used, the dependence of failure removal costs on: the diameter of the pipeline, its type, material and the duration of the repair was considered. The research did not show any dependence of costs on the pipe material and its type at the statistical significance 0.05.

19

Porównanie klas stanu technicznego dwu różnych zbiorów kamionkowych przewodów kanalizacyjnych

Kuliczkowska Emilia, Wijas Katarzyna

Instal

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2022

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nr 10

42--46

PL

W artykule przedstawiono rezultaty analizy wyników badań CCTV dwóch zbiorów długo eksploatowanych kamionkowych przewodów kanalizacji sanitarnej w różnych miastach w Polsce. Celem przeprowadzonej analizy było sprawdzenie, czy występowały różnice w rozkładzie przyporządkowania klas stanu technicznego przewodom kanalizacyjnym w analizowanych zbiorach. Sformułowano wnioski wskazujące, czy zbiory różniły się pod względem planowanych terminów odnowy w zakresie kryterium hydrauliczno-eksploatacyjnego, zagrożeń środowiska i bezpieczeństwa konstrukcji.

EN

The paper presents the results of the analysis of CCTV studies of two collections of long-operated vitrified clay sanitary sewer pipes in various cities in Poland. The aim of the analysis was to check whether there were differences in the distribution of the assignment of technical condition classes to sewer pipes in the analyzed sets. Conclusions were formulated whether the collections differed in terms of the planned renewal dates in terms of the hydraulic and operational criterion, environmental hazards and construction safety.

20

Mathematical model for friction stir lap welded AA5052 and SS304 joints and process parameters optimization for high joint strength

Chitturi Veerendra, Pedapati Srinivasa Rao, Awang Mokhtar

Advances in Materials Science

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2022

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Vol. 22, nr 1(71)

5--22

EN

Due to the numerous challenges faced during the dissimilar welding, choosing the right process parameters and their optimization yields better results. In this context, the current investigation is focused on the optimization of process parameters. Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array was selected to carry out the experimental investigations. The welded samples were tested for shear strength, and the results were analysed using Taguchi's S/N ratio analysis with "larger the better" criteria. Log-linear regression analysis was applied to formulate an empirical correlation between the process parameters and shear strength. According to S/N ratio analysis, the tool rotational speed of 800 rpm, welding speed of 20 mm/min and a penetration depth of 4.1 mm are the optimized parameters that achieve high joint strength. The achieved joint strength was 3.46 kN that is 70% of the base aluminium metal. It was noticed from the Analysis of variance of the regression model that penetration depth and tool rotational speed are the significant contributors with p-values less than 0.5. Confirmation tests show that the error between the predicted and calculated shear strength is 2.06% which is considered acceptable. R2 and adjusted R2 values of the model with a standard error of 0.076 show that the developed model is statistically significant.