Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Statistical assessment of indicators measuring public transport use in cities

Kubík Josef

Transport Problems

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2025

|

T. 20, z. 4

25--36

EN

Urban mobility is a major challenge for cities worldwide, with a significant portion of transportation relying on individual car use (ICU). Efforts are increasingly focused on reducing ICU in favor of more sustainable, eco-friendly modes of transport. Reducing ICU involves shifting routine travel for individuals aged 15-64 towards urban public transport, facilitated by the widespread adoption of time-based fare systems. To effectively develop urban mobility strategies, it is essential to measure the current baseline, set clear objectives, and evaluate outcomes. This paper proposes two key indicators to address these needs. The first is Tendency to Urban Public Transport 1, which represents the ratio of the total number of time-based fare passes to the population aged 15-64. The second is the Tendency to Urban Public Transport 2, which reflects the extent to which regular urban public transport trips by time-based fare pass holders contribute to total transport performance. We also examined and verified statistically significant relationships between these indicators and factors such as population size, city area, and other relevant variables.

2

Enhancing driving cycle development using artificial intelligence

Snarska-Bień Gabriela, Lasocki Jakub

Combustion Engines

|

2025

|

R. 64, nr 4

146--154

EN

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has found application in numerous technical areas, including the automotive research and development sector. This paper considers the use of AI tools for the development of driving cycles for testing vehicles on a chassis dynamometer. The above idea was investigated on the example of a driving cycle simulating the use of a passenger car in urban conditions. The empirical data were collected during vehicle road tests in real traffic and then processed statistically by determining the values of selected driving pattern characteristics. Sections of vehicle velocity courses (‘micro-trips’) were selected and combined into a driving cycle representative of the road conditions prevailing during road tests. Processing of empirical data and combining velocity sections into a driving cycle was performed using AI-enhanced software utilizing large language models that convert user commands in natural language into Python code. The developed driving cycle was compared with selected standard urban driving cycles in terms of the values of driving pattern characteristics.

3

Scoring model for equipping a road vehicle with active and passive safety systems

Popielarczyk Anna, Opala Michał

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport

|

2024

|

z. 139

33--47

EN

The paper focuses on creating an evaluation methodology that encompasses diverse aspects related to incorporating both active and passive safety features in vehicles, aiming to ensure appropriate protection for drivers and passengers in accidents or emergencies. The automotive industry has directed its efforts towards enhancing vehicle safety by integrating advanced technologies such as electronic stability control (ESC), adaptive cruise control (ACC), lane departure warning systems (LDW), and airbags. These features, both active and passive, work cohesively to mitigate fatalities and injuries in road accidents by providing timely warnings or interventions. However, the number and intricacy of these technologies underscores the necessity for an efficient scoring model. This model can guide users in determining the most suitable combination of systems for their vehicles. The primary objectives include the development of an evaluation methodology assessing the appropriateness of active and passive safety features in road vehicles, accounting for factors like effectiveness and modernity. Furthermore, the model should possess adaptability to future technological advancements and changing regulatory requirements. To realize these objectives, a scoring model employing multi-criteria analysis can be constructed, involving steps such as identifying key criteria, establishing weights based on their importance, collecting data from various sources to evaluate system performance, and finally, calculating and aggregating scores to provide an overall reference during decision-making. The results from this scoring model would furnish users with valuable insights into the possible combinations of active and passive safety systems for different vehicle types. This information holds the potential to optimize system selection, reduce costs, enhance user satisfaction, and ultimately contribute to a safer driving environment.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono metodologię oceny systemów bezpieczeństwa czynnego i biernego pojazdów w celu zapewnienia odpowiedniej ochrony kierowcom i pasażerom podczas wypadków lub sytuacji awaryjnych. Zaawansowane technologie bezpieczeństwa są coraz częściej integrowane z pojazdami w celu zmniejszenia liczby ofiar śmiertelnych i obrażeń w wypadkach drogowych, w tym systemy, które zwiększają stabilność pojazdu, regulują prędkość, pomagają w utrzymaniu położenia na pasie ruchu i chronią pasażerów przed uderzeniem. Funkcje te działają spójnie, ale ich rosnąca liczba i złożoność wskazują na potrzebę kompleksowego modelu oceny, który pomoże użytkownikom wybrać najbardziej odpowiednie konfiguracje systemów. Metodologia stawia na pierwszym miejscu skuteczność, nowoczesność i możliwość dostosowania do przyszłych postępów technologicznych oraz zmieniających się wymogów regulacyjnych. Podstawą modelu oceny jest analiza wielokryterialna, obejmująca kluczowe kroki: identyfikację kryteriów krytycznych, przypisanie wag na podstawie ważności, zbieranie danych na temat wydajności systemu i obliczanie łącznych wyników. To ustrukturyzowane podejście daje użytkownikom wgląd w najlepsze konfiguracje systemów bezpieczeństwa czynnego i biernego dla różnych typów pojazdów. Jako przykład zastosowania, przeprowadzono analizę dla wybranych pojazdów, identyfikując najbezpieczniejsze samochody osobowe pod względem bezpieczeństwa czynnego i biernego, jednocześnie wskazując wymagane prawnie systemy bezpieczeństwa. Model może pomóc obniżyć koszty, zwiększyć zadowolenie użytkowników i promować bezpieczniejsze środowisko jazdy poprzez optymalizację konfiguracji systemu. Wyniki mają na celu ukierunkowanie świadomego podejmowania decyzji w branży motoryzacyjnej, przyczyniając się do poprawy bezpieczeństwa na drodze poprzez zaawansowane, dobrze zintegrowane systemy pojazdów.

4

Thermal comfort assessment in the modern passenger car under actual operational conditions

Dębska Luiza, Krawczyk Natalia

Production Engineering Archives

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2023

|

Vol. 29, Iss. 2

140--146

EN

People’s ever-increasing needs encourage designers of various vehicles to search for solutions that will provide the most comfortable internal environment conditions. Currently, partly due to the COVID-19 threat, many people use their individual cars to travel to work, college, shops, trips, and holidays. Proper internal air parameters that need to be maintained in vehicles are critical in the sum-mer. The article discusses the thermal comfort of four passengers of a modern car produced in 2017to verify if contemporary production technology can successfully meet the thermal needs of people under actual conditions in the Polish climate. For this purpose, five temperature values were tested:20oC, 22oC, 24oC, 26oC, and 28oC for the car located in the shade and sun. In addition, the Testo 400meter was used to control and measure the internal parameters, and questionnaires were used to find out about the thermal impressions of the respondents. The research was carried out in July when the air temperature in Poland was high

5

Samochodem, komunikacją publiczną czy rowerem – mobilność mieszkańców strefy podmiejskiej największych miast regionu kujawsko-pomorskiego

Wojciechowska Dominika, Biegańska Jadwiga, Kwiatkowski Michał Adam

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG

|

2023

|

nr 26(2)

41--56

PL

Zaawansowane procesy suburbanizacji obserwowane w Polsce, niepołączone z odpowiednimi narzędziami planowania przestrzennego, powodują szereg wyzwań. Jednym z nich jest zapewnienie mieszkańcom suburbiów możliwości sprawnego przemieszczania się. Problem ten nabiera szczególnego znaczenia w kontekście wciąż dominującego tu środka transportu, jakim jest samochód osobowy, uważany za nieekologiczny, jak i generujący nadmierne zatłoczenie. Celem opracowania jest identyfikacja uwarunkowań i potrzeb w zakresie podróży mieszkańców strefy podmiejskiej wewnątrz tej strefy oraz pomiędzy strefą podmiejską a miastami stołecznymi na przykładzie regionu kujawsko-pomorskiego. Źródłem danych było badanie ankietowe przeprowadzone techniką CAWI. W opracowaniu skoncentrowano się na ustaleniu, jak kształtuje się transport na tle innych wyzwań rozwoju i planowania strefy podmiejskiej; w jaki sposób przemieszczają się mieszkańcy strefy podmiejskiej i jak oceniają dotychczas funkcjonujące rozwiązania transportowe, oraz jakie są ich oczekiwania w kontekście rozwiązań transportowych i co mogłoby ich skłonić do zmiany dotychczasowego sposobu przemieszczania się w kierunku zrównoważonych form mobilności.

EN

The advanced processes of suburbanization observed in Poland, not combined with adequate urban planning tools, have caused many challenges. One of them is to provide suburban residents with efficient mobility. This problem takes on particular importance in the context of the passenger car, which is still the dominant mode of transportation here, considered both environmentally unfriendly and generating excessive congestion. The study aims to identify the conditions and travel needs of suburban residents within the suburban zone and between the suburban zone and capital cities on the example of the Kujawsko-Pomorskie region. The source of data was a survey conducted using the CAWI technique. The study focused on finding out how transportation is shaping up against other development and planning challenges of the suburban zone, how the residents of the suburban zone move and how they evaluate the transport solutions in place so far, and what their expectations are in terms of transport solutions and what could make them change their current way of moving towards sustainable forms of mobility?

6

Measurement of delay using travel time reliability statistics in an urban outer corridor

Reddy Kanala Teja Vinay Kumar, Challagulla Surya Prakash

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

|

z. 114

143--154

EN

Unexpected delay on freeways is the prime cause of dissatisfaction in road users. Increasing traffic, adverse environmental conditions, accidents, time, season, location and many more factors influence travel time and cause delay. There is no direct method to estimate delay. It is calculated from trip time estimates. Thus, it is a very big challenge for transportation professionals to develop a model that accurately estimates the trip time for a trip at a particular time, by a specific mode of transport. Subsequently, the reliability of the delay calculated from those trip time estimates is often doubtful. Further, the measurement of delay using the trip time data is another big thing. This paper is a step toward measuring the delay in an accurate way using travel time reliability measures. The study was conducted on the two modes of public transportation (City bus and Auto) in an urban corridor of length 16.3 km, in Hyderabad city, India. In this study, a license plate survey was conducted for data collection, travel time-based statistical analysis was employed for estimation of trip time and by making use of travel time measures, the delay was measured. The approach was validated graphically to portray its accuracy.

7

A Quick-and-Dirty Method for assessing the Risk of Negative Aeration Effects of Shock Absorbers equipped with Shim Sliding Base Valves

Czop Piotr, Gniłka Jacek

Computer Assisted Methods in Engineering and Science

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2022

|

Vol. 29, no. 3

229--260

EN

This paper presents a quick-and-dirty method to assess the risk of negative aeration effects occurring in twin-tube hydraulic shock absorbers used in passenger cars at the early design stage. The method is intended to be implemented as an engineering calculation tool based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) steady-state single-phase model. The CFD model was previously validated with the use of the particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiment. The negative aeration effect is a wellknown issue for automotive and railway shock absorbers manufacturers. It results in uncontrolled on-vehicle vibrations and the deteriorated shock absorber damping characteristic. The major aeration contributor in twin-tube hydraulic shock absorbers is the sliding shim intake valve, which requires design optimization to avoid a negative aeration effect. The method validation was conducted with the customized test rig equipped with a transparent cylinder where the specific sliding intake valve was assembled. The proposed method also requires a lumped-parameter model of a twin-tube shock absorber, which allows to simulate boundary conditions in assessing particular reservoirs of a shock absorber, i.e., pressures and flow balance. The method is implemented as a calculation routine that converts CFD pressure regions into a gas concentration indicator (GCI) using the pressure-density characteristic of an oil-gas emulsion of a shock absorber. GCI is calculated based on the sum of particular 2D/3D grid elements. The method application is to minimize the risk of occurrence of negative aeration effects by avoiding expensive and time-consuming experimental tests. This method can also be used for in-production shock absorbers projects as a part of a continuous improvement cycle or in the case of inefficient shock absorbers claimed by a vehicle manufacturer. The application scope of the method can be extended for arbitrary twin-tube designs of shock absorbers in the automotive and railway industries.

8

Sperling’s comfort index study in a passenger car with independently rotating wheels

Vaičiūnas Gediminas, Steišūnas Stasys

Transport Problems

|

2021

|

T. 16, z. 2

121--130

EN

In this article, we compare the dynamic characteristics of cars with integral wheelsets and wheelsets with independently rotating wheels. We use Sperling’s comfort index to assess the riding comfort. We compare the riding comfort of passenger cars with integral wheelsets and wheelsets with independently rotating wheels based on Sperling’s comfort index.

9

Projektowanie drogowych tymczasowych barier ochronnych dla samochodów osobowych

Kaszyńska Maria, Zieliński Adam, Skibicki Szymon

Przegląd Budowlany

|

2021

|

R. 92, nr 5-6

18--25

PL

W artykule omówiono proces projektowania innowacyjnej tymczasowej bariery ochronnej spełniającej wymagania normy EN 1317 i zapewniającej poziom bezpieczeństwa T1/W1. Proces projektowy wspomagany był przez analizy teoretyczne, modelowe, badania laboratoryjne i symulacyjne (MES). Symulacja numeryczna testów zderzeniowych dała zbliżone rezultaty co do długości kontaktu pojazdu podczas zderzenia, prędkości pojazdu po zderzeniu, deformacji bariery, rozkładu uszkodzeń oraz czasu uderzenia, do wartości uzyskanych w rzeczywistych testach zderzeniowych przeprowadzonych na specjalnym torze. Zachowanie systemu bariery podczas symulacji zderzenia w programie LS-DYNA zostało dobrze odwzorowane. Zaprojektowana bariera po rzeczywistych testach zderzeniowych uzyskała certyfikat potwierdzający wymagane dla danej kategorii barier parametry i została wdrożona do produkcji.

EN

The paper presents a design procedure for an innovative temporary traffic barrier according to EN 1317 with a safety level T1/W1. The design involved theoretical analysis, modeling, lab tests and simulations (FEM). Numerical simulation of the crash tests accurately predicted the contact length for a vehicle, vehicle speed after crash, deformation of the barrier, location of deformation and time. The crash test was carried out on a designated test track. The simulated behavior of the barrier using LS-DYNA program was confirmed by tests. After tests, the designed barrier received an official certification required for commercial implementation.

10

Specification of estimation of a passenger car ride smoothness under various exploitation conditions

Vaičiūnas Gediminas, Steišūnas Stasys, Bureika Gintautas

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

|

2021

|

Vol. 23, no. 4

719--725

EN

The stability and smoothness of rolling stock running could be defined accurately by universal Sperling's comfort index. The divergences of variation of Sperling's comfort index of a passenger car under specific operating conditions of running gear are examining in this paper. Numerical simulations of a passenger car running with independently rotating wheels under various conditions have been performing. Gained results showed that divergences of the Sperling's comfort index variation are particularly significant due to running gear component oscillations in the horizontal plane (lateral direction). A field experiment of a passenger car with a solid (traditional) wheelset with a flat running surface proved this hypothesis. The obtained results of this experiment confirmed this assumption. Therefore, the study of the regularities of lateral oscillations of a passenger car is the logical direction of further research.

11

Methodological basis of road acoustic researches

Batura Karolina Paula, Waligórski Marek

Combustion Engines

|

2021

|

R. 60, nr 2

32--38

EN

Transport is one of the most burdensome negative sources affecting the natural environment. Long-term exposure of the body to exhaust pollution can cause health problems and, in the worst case, even lead to death. In addition to exhaust emissions, traffic noise is another equally important issue. Due to its nature, variability over time or the design diversity of vehicles in the traffic flow, it is a phenomenon difficult to define. Like exhaust pollution, it affects people's health and quality of life. In addition to its direct impact on the human physical system, it can also cause psychosomatic disorders, which is why a detailed analysis of road noise taking into account the real operation of the vehicle is so important. The paper presents the basic concepts related to the problem of traffic noise in the world, determines the sources of noise in vehicles and the methodology of conducting acoustic road tests. At the final stage of the scientific paper, methods of reducing excessive noise levels in large urban agglomerations were also presented, and the effectiveness of using noise barriers on selected parts of the city road network using proprietary acoustic tests was assessed.

12

Highest efficiency and ultra low emission - internal combustion engine 4.0

Friedl Hubert, Fraidl Günter, Kapus Paul

Combustion Engines

|

2020

|

R. 59, nr 1

8--16

EN

In the future, the simultaneous reduction of pollutant and CO2 emissions will require significantly enhanced powertrain functionalities that cannot only be adequately represented by the ICE (internal combustion engine) alone. Both automated transmissions and especially powertrain electrification can help to meet efficiently those extended requirements. The extended functionalities are no longer applied exclusively with the ICE itself ("Fully Flexible Internal Combustion Engine"), but distributed across the entire powertrain ("Fully Flexible Powertrain"). In addition, the powertrain will be fully networked with the vehicle environment and thus will utilize all data that are useful for emission and consumption-optimized operation of the ICE. Combustion engine and electrification often complement each other in a synergetic way. This makes it extremely sensible for the combustion engine to evolve in future from a "single fighter" to a "team player". If one compares the requirements of such an ICE with the definition of Industry 4.0, then there are extensive correspondences. Thus, it seems quite opportune to call such a fully networked combustion engine designed to meet future needs as “Internal Combustion Engine 4.0 (ICE 4.0)”. This even more so, as such a name can also be derived from the history: e.g. ICE 1.0 describes the combustion engines of the first mass-produced vehicles, ICE 2.0 the combustion engines emission-optimized since the 1960s and ICE 3.0 the highly optimized "Fully Flexible Combustion Engine", which currently offers a high torque and performance potential combined with low fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. In addition to further improvements in fuel consumption, the "Combustion Engine 4.0" offers such a low level of pollutant emissions that can best be described as "Zero Impact Emission". This means that such future ICE´s will no longer have a negative impact on the imission situation in urban areas. With the e-fuels topic, the ICE also has the potential to become both CO2- and pollutant-neutral in the medium and long term. This means that the ICE - also in passenger cars - will continue to be an essential and necessary cornerstone for future powertrain portfolios for the next decades.

13

Ecological comparative assessment of selected materials used for the construction of spark ignition engines

Mrozik Małgorzata

Combustion Engines

|

2020

|

R. 59, nr 4

11--14

EN

The aim of the article is to present the environmental effects of changes in material composition in selected internal combustion engines used in passenger cars using LCA analysis. The levels of energy consumption and emissions of pollutants related to material inputs occurring at the stage of engine production have been determined. The simplified LCA model presented in the paper shows the energy consumption and total CO2 and SO2 emissions on the basis of the mass of materials from which the engine is made. The research results presented in the paper give a picture of a modern passenger car engine on the basis of wear and the degree of recovery of materials used for its construction.

14

Comparative life cycle impact assessment of chosen passenger cars with internal combustion engines

Burchart-Korol Dorota, Folęga Piotr

Transport Problems

|

2019

|

T. 14, z. 2

69--76

EN

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comparative environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) of chosen internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). It addresses an LCA of both petrol-fuelled and diesel-fuelled passenger cars. The analyses pertained to the carbon footprint and respiratory inorganics related to the cars in question, considered against the relevant system from cradle to grave. The comparative analysis has shown that the carbon footprint of a diesel-fuelled car is lower than that of a petrolfuelled car. However, the environmental indicators of respiratory inorganics induced by diesel-fuelled cars are higher than those attributable to petrol-fuelled cars. The main determinant of carbon footprint for the life cycle of these ICEVs is the direct atmospheric emission of carbon dioxide associated with their operation. The main determinants of respiratory inorganics for the diesel passenger cars’ life cycle are nitrogen oxide emission and car production. As for the life cycle of petrol-fuelled passenger cars, the largest share of the respiratory inorganics indicator is attributable to the car production and petrol production.

15

Age of a passenger car and its influence on accidents with fatalities in Poland

Sicińska Katarzyna

Transport Problems

|

2019

|

T. 14, z. 1

105--113

EN

The article concentrates on road safety in Poland, which is one of the countries with a high number of fatalities in European Union. As the passenger cars are the mostly involved in traffic accidents with fatalities, this type of vehicles was analyzed to check relationship between age of the vehicle and its involvement in accidents with fatalities. This type of scientific analysis was made for the first time. For carrying out this research, a method of estimating passenger car fleet in motion in Poland was designed, as the official data were not updated and provided wrong information. The updated information on passenger car fleet when compared with that on the age of vehicles involved in road accidents with fatalities showed that the age of a vehicle has influence on the occurrence of road accidents in Poland. Presented data showed that the fact that people involved in accidents are at a higher risk of loss of life depends on the age of a vehicle. The data from analysis conducted between 2014 and 2015 showed that the risk of being killed increases with the age of the vehicle. Chances of the loss of life of people involved in accident participants are three times more in the case of more than 21 year old cars compared to 5 years old cars.

16

Brake performance assessment of traction vehicles : research and exploitation aspects

Urbańczyk Paweł, Plewniak Krzysztof

Pojazdy Szynowe

|

2019

|

Nr 2

33--43

EN

Transport of passengers is carried out essentially using two types of vehicles: classic trains composed of a locomotive pulling passenger wagons or traction units (or multiple units). Both new and modernized rail vehicles must be subjected to, among others, brake system tests when being placed into service. The purpose of such tests is to check the correct operation of the brake system and to determine the actual brake performance. The method of determining the passenger wagon brake performance differs from the similar method for the train set, although the braking performance of both types of vehicles is eventually presented in the form of two parameters: the value of brake mass B expressed in tons and the percentage of braked mass λ, i.e. the ratio of braked mass to vehicle total mass, expressed as a percentage. The values of B and λ determined from the tests describing the brake performance serve to assess the brake performance of the train in operation, while railway traffic safety relies significantly on the correct understanding of their nature and their use. Unfortunately, it was observed that individual carriers interpret these values in different ways and describe them in various ways on vehicles that are ultimately operated on the same infrastructure. The article presents a proposal of a new, original, unified and transparent method of describing brake performance for electric multiple units, as well as its interpretation and application in railway operations, developed in the Brakes Workshop of the Railway Institute.

PL

Przewozy pasażerskie realizowane są z wykorzystaniem zasadniczo dwóch rodzajów pojazdów: klasycznych pociągów złożonych z lokomotywy i ciągniętych przez nią wagonów pasażerskich lub zespołów trakcyjnych (ewentualnie pociągów zespołowych). Zarówno nowe jak i modernizowane pojazdy szynowe w trakcie procesu dopuszczenia do eksploatacji muszą zostać poddane m.in. badaniom układu hamulcowego. Celem takich badań jest sprawdzenie poprawności działania tego układu oraz wyznaczenie rzeczywistej skuteczności hamulca. Metoda wyznaczenia skuteczności hamulca wagonu pasażerskiego różni się od analogicznej metody dla zespołu trakcyjnego, mimo iż ostatecznie skuteczność hamulca obu rodzajów pojazdów przedstawiana jest w postaci dwóch parametrów: wyrażanej w tonach wartości masy hamującej B i procentu masy hamującej λ, czyli stosunku masy hamującej do masy pojazdu, wyrażonego w procentach. Wyznaczone w rezultacie badań wartości B i λ opisujące skuteczność hamulca służą w trakcie eksploatacji pojazdów ocenie skuteczności hamulca pociągu, a właściwe zrozumienie ich istoty i prawidłowy sposób posługiwania się nimi mają decydujące znaczenie dla bezpieczeństwa ruchu kolejowego. Niestety zaobserwowano, że poszczególni przewoźnicy na różny sposób interpretują te wartości i w różny sposób opisują je na pojazdach, które ostatecznie eksploatowane są na tej samej infrastrukturW artykule przedstawiono opracowaną w Pracowni Hamulców Instytutu Kolejnictwa propozycję nowego, oryginalnego, ujednoliconego i przejrzystego sposobu opisywania skuteczności hamulca na elektrycznych zespołach trakcyjnych oraz jej interpretacji i stosowania w praktyce kolejowej.

17

Comparative analysis of exhaust emissions from passenger cars and motorcycles

Szymlet Natalia, Lijewski Piotr, Rymaniak Łukasz, Sokolnicka Barbara, Siedlecki Maciej

Combustion Engines

|

2019

|

R. 58, nr 2

19--22

EN

The subject of this article is a comparative analysis of exhaust emissions for: HC (hydrocarbons), CO (carbon monoxide), CO2 (carbon dioxide), NOx (nitrogen oxides) from a passenger vehicle and a motorcycle in laboratory conditions on a dynamometer station. The first vehicle category was represented by a compression-ignition engine with a displacement volume of 1.3 dm3 and a power of 66 kW. The exhaust aftertreatment system included a catalytic converter and a particulate filter. The second category was a motorcycle, equipped with an engine with a displacement of 0.7 dm3 and a maximum power of 55 kW. The two-wheeled vehicle was equipped with a three-way catalytic converter. Speeds were modeled on the European type approval test - NEDC (New European Driving Cycle). In order to conduct a comparative analysis of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption from vehicles of different categories, the obtained results were presented in the form of emissions converted into passenger-kilometers (g/pkm). The research used modern equipment belonging to the PEMS (Portable Emissions Measurement Systems) group of devices. The analyzes carried out enable the decision making on which vehicles have a greater environmental impact due to their exhaust emissions, taking into account the distance and the number of passengers carried.

18

Wpływ Eco-drivingu na eksploatację pojazdów

Gorzelańczyk Piotr, Michaś Dawid

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

|

2019

|

R. 20, nr 1-2

216--219

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki oceny wpływu Eco-drivingu na eksploatacje pojazdów. W pierwszej części pracy scharakteryzowano Eco-driving, następnie przedstawiono wyniki analizy oraz badań eksperymentalnych omawianego systemu. Do badań wykorzystano Volvo v 70 oraz Renault Scenic. Artykuł kończy się podsumowaniem i sformułowaniem wniosków.

EN

The article presents the results of the assessment of the impact of Eco-driving on the operation of vehicles. In the first part of the work, Eco-driving was characterized, then the results of the analysis and experimental studies of the discussed system were presented. Volvo v 70 and Renault Scenic were used for the tests. The article ends with a summary and the wording of the conclusions.

19

Rozwój motoryzacji indywidualnej w Polsce w latach 1990-2015

Menes M.

Przegląd Komunikacyjny

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2018

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R. 73, nr 4

14--25

PL

W artykule scharakteryzowano rozwój motoryzacji indywidualnej w Polsce w latach 1990-2015. Charakterystyką objęto m.in. rozwój ilościowy i ewolucję markową parku samochodowego. Przedstawiono zmiany w wielkości produkcji, eksportu, importu instytucjonalnego i indywidualnego oraz rejestracji i kasacji pojazdów. Przedstawiono również, jak zmieniał się park pojazdów według rodzaju stosowanego paliwa oraz pojemności skokowej silników. Obok statystycznego obrazu parku samochodów osobowych w artykule przedstawiono zmiany w automobilności Polaków w latach 1990-2015.

EN

The article describes the development of individual motorism in Poland in the years 1990-2015. Characteristics includes quantitative development and brand evolution of the car fleet. Presented are changes in volume of production, export, institutional and individual imports and vehicle registration and scrapping. It also shows how the vehicle fleet changed according to the type of fuel used and the engine displacement. In addition to the statistical image of the passenger car fleet, the article presents changes in the automobility of the Poles in the years 1990-2015.

20

Ocena porównawcza samochodów osobowych wyposażonych w silniki spalinowe ZI i ZS, z uwzględnieniem sytuacji na polskim rynku motoryzacyjnym

Gaj J., Lozia Z.

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport

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2018

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z. 121

41--55

PL

Zgodnie z tytułem, w artykule porównano samochody osobowe produkowane w wersjach z silnikami ZI i ZS, z uwzględnieniem sytuacji na polskim rynku motoryzacyjnym. Przedstawiono grupę 25 wybranych par pojazdów produkowanych w wersjach silnikowych ZI i ZS. Zdefiniowano mierzalne kryteria porównawcze. Wyniki porównania zaprezentowano w formie wykresów wraz komentarzem. Dokonano także oceny sytuacji na polskim rynku motoryzacyjnym, w kontekście porównania obu typów pojazdów. Artykuł zamykają wnioski końcowe.

EN

According to the title, the article compares passenger cars produced in versions with SIE engines (spark ignition engines) and CIE engines (compression ignition engines), taking into account the situation on the Polish automotive market. A group of 25 selected vehicle pairs equipped with the SIE and CIE engine versions has been presented. The measurable comparative criteria have been defined. The results of the comparison were presented in the form of graphs with a commentary. The situation on the Polish automotive market was also assessed in the context of a comparison of both types of vehicles. The final conclusions close the article.