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1

Contamination level of heavy metals and assessment of the ecologic risk in the surface water and sediments of Batanghari river, Dharmasraya region, Indonesia

Puari Aninda Tifani, Anandika Arrya, Apriani Intan Ika, Azora Arti, Maida Sartiwi Putri

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 4

182--197

EN

Heavy metals contamination in river surface water and sediments represents a critical environmental issue on a global scale. The Batanghari river in Dhamasraya region plays a main role in domestic water supply and agricultural activities, necessitating a comprehensive investigation into heavy metal contamination within its water and sediment. The aims of this study were to visualize the overview of the heavy metals concentration present in the Batanghari river and to assess the contamination degree using several ecological assessment tools, such as the enrichment factor (EF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), contamination degree (CD), eco-logical risk index (Er), and potential ecological risk index (RI). The samples of surface water and sediment were obtained from 15 locations along the Batanghari river. The heavy metal analysis in the water samples revealed that the Fe, Zn, and Cd concentrations exceeded the established safety thresholds. The mean concentrations observed in the water in the following descending order was, 1.030 mg/L, 0.380 mg/L, 0.005 mg/L, for Fe, Zn and Cd, respectively, while Cu and Pb concentration were not detected. Meanwhile, the concentrations in the sediment were significantly higher, with the following mean values: 14,422.37 mg/kg for FE, 53.05 mg/kg for Zn, 22.37 mg/kg for Cu, 18.00 mg/kg for Pb, and 0.13 mg/kg for Cd. Furthermore, EF, Igeo, Cf, and Er evaluations, Fe contamination was classified as high, while Pb and Cu showed low to moderate contamination levels, and Zn and Cd were categorized as low. Moreover, the contamination degree and potential ecological risk analyses indicated the highest pollution level were in downstream areas. Although pollution sources such as domestic effluents, road runoff, local mining, and agricultural activities were more prevalent in upstream and midstream regions, the mobilization of heavy metals through river flow led to their accumulation downstream.

2

Arsenate removal from aqueous solutions: thermodynamic and kinetic study on iron hydroxide-impregnated corn cob

da Silva Eloísa Stéphanie, de Castro Pires Renata, Gurgel Leandro Vinícius Alves, Leão Versiane Albis

Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing

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2024

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Vol. 60, iss. 6

art. no. 196592

EN

The contamination of water resources with arsenic is a serious environmental problem. This research investigated the use of a strategic agricultural waste for Brazil, i.e., corn cob as a low-cost, biodegradable, and eco-efficient material for As(V) adsorption. Arsenate removal from an aqueous solution with iron hydroxide impregnated corn cob (IHCC) was investigated under different pH values (2-10). FTIR spectra revealed that monodentate complexes were formed during the adsorption of arsenate on IHCC. Furthermore, SEM micrographs revealed a uniform distribution of Fe(III) and also As(V) on the IHCC. IHCC was efficient in the removal of arsenic from acidic solutions, mainly those having pH values between 2 and 3 at temperatures below 50°C. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second order model with an activation energy of 39.35 ± 6.99 kJ mol-1 implying that chemical reaction was the controlling step of arsenic adsorption by IHCC. In addition, arsenic adsorption on IHCC was (i) an entropically driven, (ii) spontaneous, and (iii) endothermic phenomenon (+23.82 kJ mol-1) and involved electrostatic adsorption and chemosorption (Qmax = 40 mg/g, at 25°C). Therefore, a promising sustainable and environmentally friendly solution for the use of IHCC was devised in the current work.

3

Environmental consequences of a galvanising plant fire

Świercz Anna, Szwed Mirosław, Bąk Łukasz

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 62

1--9

EN

The aim of the study is to determine the concentration of selected heavy metals in soil contaminated with galvanising fume resulting from a fire in a galvanising plant. Surface horizon of soil exposed to contamination by toxic fumes due to the fire of a galvanising plant in Dębska Wola near Kielce (SE Poland) was analysed. Soil samples were collected in an agricultural area of 12 ha after the plant’s failure in 2019 and three years after the fire in 2022. Grain-size distribution, pH and concentration of zinc, lead and cadmium were determined. The acceptable values of pollutants were significantly exceeded in soil (Znmax - 2007.3 mg∙kg-1 DM, Pbmax - 509.5 mg∙kg-1 DM, Cdmax - 17.1 mg∙kg-1 DM in 0-5 cm horizon) and reduced in control samples (Znmax - 756.1 mg∙kg-1 DM, Pbmax - 320.1 mg∙kg-1 DM, Cdmax - 15 mg∙kg-1 DM). In the organic-mineral horizon the concentrations declined by an average of Zn - 41.8%, Pb - 26.1% and Cd16.3%, while in the mineral horizon by 27.8% (Zn), 26.7% (Pb) and 15.6% (Cd). Industrial plants, in which thermal treatment of molten metals is conducted, pose a real threat to the environment in the case of a failure. In order to minimise the effects of potential leaks, their location should be thoroughly considered. The course and consequences of accidents should be monitored during the event (such as fire) and in the long term (e.g. with the use of bioindicators).

4

Improvement of Sorption Capacity and Applicability of Biosorbent by Immobilization

Hroncova Jana, Luptakova Alena, Briancin Jaroslav, Kupka Daniel

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 1

645--651

EN

The water contamination by toxic metal ions is a worldwide environmental problem. High concentrations are hazardous for all living organisms, causing many disorders and diseases and ecological damages to the surroundings. Biosorption is an innovative technology that employs inactive and dead biomass (bacteria, fungi, algae, biowaste) for the recovery of metals from aqueous solutions. Sulphate-reducing bacteria utilization is one of the options how to prepare applicable sorbent which removes metal ions from water. This material is created as a consequence of bacteria metabolism in anaerobic environment. The use of freely suspended biomass is often impractical and has some disadvantages. In contrast to this, application of immobilized biomass shows more benefits including increased mechanical strength, resistance to chemical environment, easy separation of cells and effluents, high biomass performance and repeated use in many adsorption/desorption cycles. Cell entrapment is the most widely used method for immobilization. In this technique, the cells are enclosed in a polymeric matrix which is porous enough to allow diffusion of substrate to the cells. The aim of this work was to examine and compare the sorption ability of biogenic iron sulphides created by sulphate-reducing bacteria in “free” and “entrapped” form. Precipitates were synthesized in reagent bottles with bacteria culture and growth media Postgate C, at 30 °C during 60 days, subsequently dried and analysed. Prepared samples were immobilized using sodium alginate. Sorption of cadmium from model solutions was realized in 100 ml Erlenmeyer flasks, with sorbent dose 1 g/l, during 24 hours. During experiments, the samples showed a satisfying stability and maximum adsorption capacity achieved 38 mg/g. The results refer to good sorption properties of immobilized samples and their potential for further practical use.

5

The ecological risk of contamination with toxic metals in soils around the Trepça complex, the Kosovo thermal power plants, and a New Co Ferronickeli complex

Zuzaku Islam, Dhimitri Jostina, Sadiku Makfire, Halili Jeton, Ismajli Betim, Demaku Skender

Environment Protection Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 49, nr 2

5--17

EN

Toxic waste, soil, and ash samples were collected in the landfill (solid environmental hot spots) near the Trepça complex, New Co Ferronickeli, and Kosovo thermal power plants. They were analyzed by the ICP-OES method to measure the concentration of some toxic metals. The pollutant with the highest mean concentration (in an acidic medium) was Fe (36 400.0), followed by Mn (8683.0), Cr (6575.0), As (4739.0), Pb (3364.0), Zn (2394.0), Ni (922.6), Cu (297.6), Co (46.6), and Cd (61.8) (all concentrations in mg/kg). Three pollution indices were used such as the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CFi), and pollution load index (PLI). The CFi values determined for Fe, Mn, Cr, As, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Co, and Cd indicated high contamination. In all soil samples, the PLI values showed the presence of soil pollution.

6

Lead and cadmium content in wheat grain from different regions of Poland and risk analysis

Jędrzejczak Renata, Ręczajska Wiesława

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 55

192--199

EN

The level of wheat grain contamination with lead and cadmium was determined using electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman background correction (ETAAS) after microwave digestion. The obtained limits of quantification were 0.001 mg∙kg-1, for both metals. A total of 300 samples of wheat grain from agricultural regions of Poland were examined, 150 each from the two consecutive harvest years 2017 and 2018. None of the tested samples exceeded the maximum level of these metals, as specified in the European regulations. The contents of lead and cadmium in wheat grain from both years of harvest ranged from <0.001 to 0.098 mg∙kg-1 and from 0.006 to 0.098 mg∙kg-1, respectively. Despite similar ranges of these metals, the highest lead contents were two times lower than the maximum limit value, while the highest cadmium contents were close to it. As for lead, a significantly higher (p < 0.05) mean content of this metal was found in wheat grain from the 2018 harvest compared to 2017 and in the western compared to eastern regions of the country. However, the cadmium contents did not differ significantly between the two harvest years, but were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in wheat grain from the southern regions compared to northern regions of Poland. Additionally, the highest contents of cadmium, close to the maximum limit, were found in the South-West region and in the both years of harvest. The risk analysis of the occurrence of the excessive contents of toxic metals in wheat grain showed a low risk level for lead in all investigated regions, and a medium level for cadmium, in general.

7

Concentration of Toxic Metals in Agricultural Land and Wheat Culture (Triticum Aestivum L.)

Dreshaj Adem, Millaku Bedri, Gashi Arian, Elezaj Elvis, Kuqi Bekë

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 2

18--24

EN

Concentrations of heavy metals in the soil such as: (Pb, Cd, Zn and Cr), play a role in contamination of agricultural crops such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Roads in the Republic of Kosovo are congested with traffic; in addition, over 55% are more than 20 years old. The agricultural land near roads in Kosovo is cultivated with agricultural products, especially wheat. This study aimed to investigate the concentration of toxic metals in soil and wheat crops due to vehicle emissions. In this research are examined the physico-chemical factors that affect the mobility of metals in the soil of the research area as; pH, concentration of organic carbon and heavy metals such as: (Pb, Cd, Zn and Cr). Analytical research shows that the content of toxic metals decreases with increasing distance or along highways. The concentration tests of toxic metals near roads and lands planted with analyzed agricultural crop of corn showed that heavy metal deposits also depend on atmospheric conditions and emissions from vehicle traffic.

8

Accumulation of elements in vegetation spontaneously developing on self-heating waste dumps in the Upper Silesia area (Poland)

Wojewódka-Przybył Marta, Stienss Jacek, Kruszewski Łukasz

Geological Quarterly

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2022

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Vol. 66, No. 3

art. no. 30

EN

Accumulation of 34 trace and major elements was analysed in 9 plant species (Tussilago farfara, Arctium tomentosum, Solidago canadensis, Populus L., Eupatorium cannabinum, Verbascum sp., Solanum nigrum, Rumex crispus L., Betula pendula) and one fungus (Schizophyllum commune) collected from coal, PbZn-smelting, and mixed-type waste heaps in Upper Silesia (Poland). The most persistent and extreme enrichment was found in the burnt bark of Betula pendula from Bytom. Enrichment factors in relation to the geometric mean of elevated (PE) and hyperaccumulator (PH) plant contents show extreme values for elements toxic to vegetation, such as Zn (EFPE up to 13, EFPH up to 17), Pb (EFPH up to 4, EFPE up to 161), Tl (EFPE up to 8), Cd (EFmax of 327), Hg (EFPH up to 3), and Ag (maximum EFPE of 14). Elevated are also V (EFPN up to 13), Sc (EFPN up to 14), Ni (EFPN up to 17), Se (EFPN up to 16), Fe (EFPN up to 48), Co (EFPN up to 23), Sb (EFPN up to 31), and Bi (EFPN up to 34). Although the levels of the elements studied were usually below potentially toxic levels, they were often above the normal ones. Furthermore, significant differences in the contents between different plant tissues were observed, as reflected in the translocation factor (TF). Verbascum sp. and S. nigrum accumulate such elements mostly in their above-ground tissues, and may thus be considered useful in phytoextraction of Zn, Pb and other elements. Sl. canadensis and E. cannabinum mostly display the opposite strategy, with element immobilization in their roots. Extreme Zn contents in E. cannabinum, peaking in its roots, suggest it to be a potential Zn phytostabilizer.

9

Potencjalne możliwości fitoremediacji wód zanieczyszczonych metalami toksycznymi na przykładzie Nasturtium officinale

Milke Justyna, Gałczyńska Małgorzata

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2021

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T. 100, nr 1

47--52

PL

Rosnące zanieczyszczenie wody i ścieków metalami toksycznymi staje się globalnym wyzwaniem dla środowiska wynikającym ze wzrostu urbanizacji uprzemysłowienia i zaludnienia. Dominujące technologie oczyszczania stosowane do usuwania zanieczyszczeń są zbyt kosztowne, a czasem również nieekologiczne, dlatego badania koncentrują się na taniej i przyjaznej dla środowiska technologii fitoremediacji ścieków. Celem pracy przeglądowej była analiza badań świadczących o potencjale fitoremediacyjnym rukwi wodnej (Nasturtium officinale). Ustalono, że roślina ta może akumulować znaczne ilości metali toksycznych i nadaje się do biologicznego oczyszczania ścieków zanieczyszczonych w nieznacznym stopniu tymi metalami. Jej zastosowanie do usuwania Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, As, Cr oraz Zn, Mn i Fe daje obiecujące możliwości poprawy jakości wód i ponownego ich wykorzystania do spożycia lub nawadniania gruntów ornych. Rukiew wodna stanowi kolejny gatunek roślin wodnych, której cechy fitoremediacyjne wskazują na możliwość jej praktycznego wykorzystania w systemach hydrofitowych.

EN

A review, with 32 refs., of studies on the effectiveness of removing toxic metals by Nasturtium officinale from contamined waters. The use of the plant to remove Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, As, Cr, Zn, Mn and Fe from water ecosystems showed promising opportunities to improve water quality and reuse it for consumption or irrigation of arable land.

10

Performance of Avicennia alba and Rhizophora mucronata as Lead Bioaccumulator in Bee Jay Bakau Resort, Indonesia

Mahmudi Mohammad, Adzim Aliyyil, Fitri Difia Helsa, Lusiana Evellin Dewi, Buwono Nanik Retno, Arsad Sulastri, Musa Muhammad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 2

169--177

EN

Mangroves are a crucial ecosystem in coastal areas and serve a significant ecological function. However, this ecosystem is under the continuous pressure of anthropogenic activities which create toxic contaminants, such as heavy metals. The presence of marine ports and electric steam power plants next to Bee Jay Bakau Resort (BJBR) Mangrove Forest may worsen the heavy metal pollution, especially in the case of non-essential metals like lead (Pb). The vegetation in mangrove ecosystems can help store and trap this contaminant. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the potency of the Avicennia alba and Rhizopora mucronata mangrove species, which dominate the mangrove vegetation in BJBR Mangrove Forest, as Pb phytoremediation agents. The samples were taken from the sediment, roots, stems, and leaves of the mangrove trees. The results showed that the Pb found in the sediment of these species ranged from 10.323 to 11.071 ppm, while the Pb concentration in the mangrove parts was less than 1 ppm with the order roots > stems > leaves. Furthermore, the statistical analysis indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the Pb values across sites and species. Moreover, the BCF, BAC, and TF in this study were less than 1, making the observed mangrove species unsuitable for phytoextraction or phytostabilization.

11

Distribution of Heavy Metals in Apple Tissues Grown in the Soils of Industrial Area

Imeri Resmije, Kullaj Endrit, Millaku Lulzim

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 3

57--66

EN

The exposure of heavy metals in the Drenas site – Kosovo has risen dramatically in the last 30 years because of mining and smelting activities. The study investigated the heavy metal in soil, accumulation in different parts of apple trees near the industrial sites of Drenas. The accumulation ratio values of heavy metals were calculated to assess the potential health risks. The mean concentrations of the heavy metals in the soil were in the following order of magnitude Ni > Zn > Fe > Cr > Cu > Pb > Cd > As, while that in the apples were in the order of magnitude Ni > Cr > Fe > Cu > Pb > Zn > Cd > As, in the leaves – Fe > Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd > As and in the shoots – Zn > Fe > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd > As. Compared to control, the contents of analyzed metals from plant tissues of apple trees in the contaminated area were significantly higher (p<0.001). The concentration of Ni, Pb, Cr, Fe etc. in the apple tissue increased along with the heavy metal content in soils in the polluted area. The high accumulation ratio values for Pb (1.1), Cd (0.62), Cr (0.93) and Ni (0.46) were characteristic for the investigated species and indicate the accumulation ability.

12

Influence of Ozone Aeration on Toxic Metal Content and Oxygen Activity in Green Waste Compost

Gliniak M., Grabowski Ł, Wołosiewicz-Głąb M., Polek D.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

|

Vol. 18, nr 4

90--94

EN

This paper presents the results of work on the reduction of toxic metal content while decreasing its oxygen activity. During the study the effects of different doses of ozone in the air used for aeration of the stabilized compost in the first post-thermophilic phase were analyzed. The results showed the possibility of reducing the concentrations of toxic metals and decrease the activity of oxygen by up to 30%, compared to traditional stabilized compost aeration system without using ozone.

13

Związki odpowiedzialne za zanieczyszczenie powietrza

Kostrz M., Satora P.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 6

89--95

PL

Jakość powietrza w Polsce stanowi poważny problem dla społeczeństwa oraz środowiska. Według badań WHO Polska znajduje się na 14. miejscu w Europie jako kraj najbardziej zanieczyszczony pyłem zawieszonym PM10. Równie niebezpieczne dla zdrowia są ozon, WWO, dwutlenek azotu, tlenek siarki, tlenek węgla oraz metale ciężkie. Długotrwałe narażenie na podwyższone stężenia ozonu oraz dwutlenku azotu może doprowadzić do nieodwracalnych, rozległych zmian w płucach, obrzęku płuc, a nawet śmierci. Głównym przedstawicielem WWA jest benzo(a)piren (BaP), który jest kumulowany w organizmie i został określony przez IARC jako główny czynnik kancerogenny. Wysokie stężenie tlenku siarki w powietrzu może doprowadzić do uszkodzenia górnych dróg oddechowych, ponadto tlenki siarki przyczyniają się również do występowania kwaśnych deszczy oraz są składnikami smogu typu londyńskiego. Metale ciężkie będące zanieczyszczeniami powietrza, z uwagi na zdolność kumulowania się w organizmie, są jednym z najcięższych zagrożeń dla zdrowia ludzi.

EN

Air quality in Poland poses a serious threat for boththe society and the environment. According to the WHO research Poland is located on the 14th place as a country most contaminated by particulate matter (PM10). Equally health-threatening substances are ozone, PAH, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur oxide, carbon oxide and heavy metals. Long-lasting exposure to high concentrations of ozone and nitrogen dioxide may lead to many irreversible changes in lungs, pulmonary oedema and even death. The main PAH, which cumulates in the organism is benzopyrene. This substance has been described by the IARC as a the most cancerogenic factor. High concentration of sulfur oxide in the air may cause severe damage of upper respiratory tract, sulfur oxide contributes greatly also to the appearance of acid rain and is an ingredient of a London type smog. Heavy metals polluting the air are one of the most severe health threat for people, due to the ability to cumulate in the organism.

14

Wpływ przemysłu miedziowego na poziom i transfer wybranych pierwiastków w roślinach miododajnych

Zonova Y., Roman A., Kowalska-Góralska M., Opaliński S.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2016

|

T. 95, nr 6

1243--1246

PL

Dokonano oceny poziomu kumulacji ołowiu, kadmu, miedzi i cynku w zielonych częściach i kwiatach roślin stanowiących pożytki pszczele, pobranych z obszaru ekologicznego (Park Krajobrazowy „Dolina Baryczy”) i obszaru uprzemysłowionego (Legnicko-Głogowski Okręg Miedziowy). Za pomocą absorpcyjnej spektroskopii atomowej (AAS), po uprzedniej mikrofalowej mineralizacji prób, stwierdzono zróżnicowaną zawartość badanych pierwiastków w obu rejonach: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Zawartość ołowiu i miedzi w częściach zielonych roślin zależała od rejonu pochodzenia próbek, podobnej zależności nie odnotowano w przypadku kwiatów. Stężenia ołowiu, cynku i miedzi w częściach zielonych i kwiatach badanych roślin mieściły się w granicach stężeń normatywnych, a stężenie kadmu granice te przekraczało.

EN

Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd contents were detd. in green parts and flowers of melliferous plants collected in an industrialized region (near Legnica) and in an ecological region (Dolina Baryczy). The plants from the ecological region contained less metals than those from the industrialized region exept for Cu in flowers.

15

Ocena uwalniania toksycznych metali w procesie uzdatniania wody przy zastosowaniu modyfikowanych chemicznie chitozanów

Kalinowski R., Kaźmierczuk M., Paczkowski S., Trzcińska M., Tomczyk B., Tórz A., Eymontt A., Wierzbicki K.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2016

|

T. 95, nr 3

420--424

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań ekotoksyczności próbek wody uzdatnionej w modelowej stacji uzdatniania. Jako bioindykatory efektów toksycznych wynikających z możliwego uwalniania metali z dwóch wariantów zmodyfikowanego chitozanu wykorzystano bakterie Vibrio fischeri. Wyniki uzyskane w teście Microtox nie wskazują na wymywanie toksycznych ilości metali z wypełnień filtracyjnych. Zaobserwowane efekty toksyczne próbek wody po przejściu przez filtr chitozanowy są na zbliżonym poziomie, jak w próbkach poddanych jedynie uzdatnieniu metodami fizycznymi. Czas kontaktu wody w procesie uzdatniania z biopolimerem nie powodował istotnych zmian w toksyczności próbek. Niewielki wzrost, wraz z wydłużeniem czasu inkubacji, obserwowanej stymulacji w próbkach po przejściu przez filtr wypełniony drugim z badanych zmodyfikowanych chitozanów wynika raczej z obecności substancji odżywczych w wodzie surowej niż z toksycznego oddziaływania wypełnienia.

EN

Chitosan (deacylation degree 85%) was modified with Ag and Cu ions, used for purifn. of drinking water by sorption of impurities and then studied for toxic effects (metal ion leachability) on Vibrio fischeri bioindicator. No difference in the toxicity between the chitosan-treated water and the water treated by conventional methods (aeration, sand filtration) were obsd.

16

Studies on Toxic Heavy Metals in Sediment Ecosystem of Mahim Creek near Mumbai, India

Singare P. U., Ferns S. E. L., Agharia E. R.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

|

2015

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Vol. 43

62--70

EN

The present study was performed for the period of one year from June 2012 to May 2013 in order to understand the level of toxic heavy metals in the sediments of Mahim Creek near Mumbai. The annual average concentration of heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu, Ni and Hg was found to be 9.88, 2.33, 1.41, 33.31, 22.07, 32.21 and 32.06 ppm respectively. It is feared that this heavy metals accumulated in the creek sediments might affect the benthic macro invertebrates whose metabolic activities contribute to aquatic productivity. The results of present study indicates that the existing situation if mishandled can cause toxic effect on sediment dwelling organisms and fish, resulting in decrease survival, reduced growth, or impaired reproduction and lowered species diversity.

17

Study of Toxic Heavy Metals in Mahim Creek of Mumbai

Singare P. U., Ferns S. E. L.

International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy

|

2014

|

Vol. 17, iss. 1

98--106

EN

The present study was performed for the period of one year from June 2012 to May 2013 in order to understand the level of toxic heavy metals in the water of Mahim Creek near Mumbai. It was observed that the annual average concentration of heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni and Hg was found to be 0.68, 0.28, 0.15, 0.04, 2.93, 0.64, 1.29 and 0.31 ppm respectively. The average concentrations of Hg and Pb were found to be above the maximum permissible limit of 0.01 ppm and 0.1 ppm respectively set for inland surface water by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India. The results suggest that there is a need to have such regular scientific monitoring for longer time period in order to understand the variation in level of these toxic heavy metals discharged in to the creek water. It is feared that the existing problem if ignored may increase the pollution problem of the creek due to the toxic heavy metals resulting in threat to the biological life of an aquatic ecosystem. From the results of the present investigation it seems that the time has come to move towards ecosystem specific discharge standards to maintain the health and productivity of natural resources on which the majority of human population is dependent.

18

Phytotoxic effect of some metal ions on selected rapeseed cultivars registered in Slovakia

Peško M., Kráľová K., Masarovičová E.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2011

|

Vol. 5, No. 1

83--86

EN

The aim of this study was to investigate the phytotoxic effects of seven metal ions (Cd(II), Cr(VI), Cu(II), Hg(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II)) on length of roots of five rapeseed (Brassica napus L. subsp. napus) cultivars registered in Slovakia (Atlantic, Baldur, Californium, Oponent and Verona). The phytotoxic effect of metals was evaluated using IC50 values. The studied metal ions inhibited germination and root growth of rapeseed seedlings. In general, the toxicity of metal ions decreased in the following order Cu > Cr >Hg > Cd > Pb > Ni > Zn. Atlantic, Baldur and Californium were more sensitive to Cd than to Ni, for Oponent and Verona higher toxicity exhibited Ni. From the studied rapeseed cultivars Atlantic and Californium were found to be most sensitive to tested metals. On the other hand, high tolerance to metal treatment was determined for Baldur. Czech cultivar Opponent showed high tolerance to Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb, but it was sensitive to Hg and Ni. The above-mentioned results confirmed differences in the metal tolerance of tested rapeseed cultivars.

19

Effect of mercury and lead on the total environment

Pawłowski L.

Environment Protection Engineering

|

2011

|

Vol. 37, nr 1

105-117

EN

Mercury lead are widely used in nowadays economy. However, by using these toxic metals, we disperse them around the planet, pollute it and, since they are not biodegradable, threaten future generation with unsafe environment. The other side of the problem is that they are nonrenewable resources therefore current estimates suggest that, at present levels of consumption, there is enough lead for 58 years mercury for 46 years, to mention just a few of the best known heavy metals. A role of these metals in the total environment is discussed in the paper.

20

Sorpcja jonów metali toksycznych z roztworów wodnych na odpadach naturalnych - przegląd literaturowy

Gala A., Sanak-Rydlewska S.

Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria

|

2010

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R. 34, z. 4/1

49-59

PL

W artykule przedstawiono przegląd wybranych wyników badań procesu sorpcji jonów metali toksycznych na różnych materiałach pochodzenia naturalnego, m.in. pestkach owoców, łupinach orzechów, pyle tytoniowym, glonach, wodorostach i in. Przeprowadzona analiza prac pozwala stwierdzić, że usuwanie metali toksycznych przy użyciu badanych sorbentów naturalnych jest bardzo obiecującą metodą, a wykorzystywane w tym procesie materiały organiczne są konkurencyjne dla powszechnie stosowanych sorbentów, m.in. takich jak węgle aktywne. Dodatkowo za użyciem sorbentów organicznych przemawia również możliwość ich regeneracji.

EN

This article presents a review of selected literature data on sorption of metal ions on different natural materials (e.g. fruit stones, nut shells, tobacco dust, algaes, seaweeds). The review allows conclude that removal of toxic metals by means of natural sorbents is very promising method. Organic materials used in this process were found to be competitive with refer to commonly used sorbents (e.g. activated carbons). Additionally, important advantage of organic sorbents is possibility of their regeneration.