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1
Content available Research degradation of construction and building materials with the use of vibration processes
Żółtowski Mariusz, Baryłka Adam, Ogrodnik Paweł, Dąbkowski Norbert, Szulej Jacek
Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych
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2026
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Nr 1
1--18
EN
Existing structures and masonry structures are subjected to heavy loads, and dynamic vibration is well reflected in the generated processes. These vibrations can affect the condition of the works by reducing the comfort of people working there, as they can reach a level that endangers the structural safety. The effect of vibration on the structure primarily manifests as an additional stress in the present section, which contributes to the stress caused by static loads. In addition, there are often effects of climate-related environmental changes, including fatigue and dynamization destruction of the object. Dynamic loads can have devastating effects on buildings of various types of construction, leading to catastrophic destruction. This article presents a modern methodology for non-invasive testing of masonry structures using vibration processes. Here, the feasibility of using modal analysis methods to assess the state of damage to elements and masonry is demonstrated through the process of vibration and vibration measurement. This is a new approach, utilizing innovative research methods supported by information technologies, to examine the suitability of building materials and the conditions for constructing a diagnostic agent.
2
Content available Polish innovations in reducing fire hazards in underground coal mining (1981–1991) – Patent analysis co-authored by Zdzisław Marchwiński
Baryłka Adam, Żółtowski Mariusz, Ogrodnik Paweł, Rychlik Aleksandra, Rutkowska Gabriela
Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych
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2026
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Nr 1
32--44
EN
The article presents an analysis of technical and technological solutions aimed at reducing fire hazards in underground mining workings, with particular emphasis on flame-retardant conveyor belts. The aim of the article was to demonstrate the importance of the analysed Polish inventions from the years 1981–1991 for improving fire safety in underground mining workings of hard coal mines. The study covered nine patents concerning the technology of manufacturing rubber and PVC belts, the composition of rubber compounds and methods of fire prevention. The analysis showed that the developed solutions made it possible to simultaneously increase the fire resistance of the belts, improve their mechanical and operational properties, and reduce toxicity by reducing antimony trioxide. The presented inventions have created a solid ground for modern solutions and set the key directions of research, and their main assumptions remain valid also in the light of the applicable fire safety standards and requirements.
3
Content available Analysis of damage to reinforced concrete slabs under fire conditions
Ogrodnik Paweł, Baryłka Adam, Żółtowski Mariusz, Szulej Jacek, Sas Wojciech
Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych
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2026
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Nr 1
68--76
EN
In 2024, over 100 thousand fires were recorded in Poland, of which almost 30 thousand were fires in residential buildings. Despite the fact that their number is slightly lower than in previous years, there are still 80 residential fires on average each. From the point of view of the structure, the main threat occurring during a fire is its long-term exposure to high temperatures, reaching up to 1000°C in the ceiling zone of the room. This is due to a large number of variables, including temperature, fire duration, temperature gradient, and its dynamics. The condition of the structure itself and the environment of its operation are also important. The article presents a case study of an apartment fire that took place in Warsaw at the beginning of 2025, as a result of which an Ackerman densely ribbed ceiling was damaged. As a result of the fire, three residential units were taken out of use. The residential building was built in the 30s of the twentieth century. The work presents the extent of damage to the ceiling that occurred as a result of the fire, along with an analysis of the possibility of their repair enabling further use of the building.
4
Content available Current issues of special construction facilities
Baryłka Adam, Obolewicz Jerzy, Żółtowski Mariusz, Ogrodnik Paweł, Sitek Wiktor
Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej
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2025
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Nr 94 (tom 1)
191--222
EN
The article discusses the issue of state security infrastructure construction facilities, which refer to the concept of special construction facilities in force until 1974, introduced in 1961 by the provisions of the Construction Law Act. It is based on the adoption of an integrated nature of state security and the assumption that the security of the state, individuals and social groups against external and internal threats is determined by the quality of functional, spatial, material and construction solutions of facilities, resulting from their location, design, construction and operation.
5
Content available The Construction Process in The Era of Digitalization of Construction
Baryłka Adam, Ogrodnik Paweł, Żółtowski Mateusz, Obolewicz Jerzy, Tomaszewicz Dariusz
Modern Engineering
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2025
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3
34--38
EN
Digitalization is the process of gradually introducing digital technology into the environment around us. Digitization is considered to be the dissemination, popularization and introduction of broadly understood electronic infrastructure. Digitalisation contributes to the restructure of the economy by increasing the share of the digital economy in GDP, thereby supporting economic growth. In addition, the transformation of all sectors and markets through digitalization can support the production of higher quality goods and services at reduced costs.
6
Zastosowanie metodyki eksperymentalnej analizy modalnej w badaniu stalowej konstrukcji kratownicowej
Żółtowski Mariusz, Ogrodnik Paweł, Baryłka Adam
Inżynieria i Budownictwo
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2025
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R. 81, nr 5
632--636
PL
Konstrukcje stalowe są poddawane dużym obciążeniom dynamicznym, co znajduje wyraźne odzwierciedlenie w generowanych procesach drganiowych. Drgania te mogą wpływać na stan użytkowalności konstrukcji poprzez obniżenie komfortu osób w niej pracujących, jak również mogą osiągać poziom zagrażający bezpieczeństwu konstrukcji. Wpływ drgań na konstrukcję objawia się głównie dodatkowymi naprężeniami w danym przekroju, które sumują się z naprężeniami wynikającymi z obciążeń statycznych. Obciążenia dynamiczne mogą powodować szkodliwe skutki w budynkach o różnych typach konstrukcji, a nawet prowadzić do ich zniszczenia. Uznając konieczność doskonalenia metod oceny jakości konstrukcji budowlanych na potrzeby szacowania ich stanu oraz współczynników bezpieczeństwa dla konstrukcji stalowych, autorzy niniejszej pracy podjęli próbę zbadania procesu niszczenia wybranego obiektu metodą eksperymentalnej analizy modalnej.
EN
Steel structures are subject to large dynamic loads clearly reflected by generated vibration processes. The vibrations may affect state of serviceability of structures by lowering comfort of persons working there as well as possible reaching the level hazardous to safety of the structures. The effect of vibrations to structure is mainly manifested by additional stresses in a given cross-section, which are summed up with those resulting from static loads. The dynamic loads may cause damaging effects in buildings of various structural types or even lead to their destruction. Judging the necessity of improving the quality assessment methods of building structures for purposes of estimation of their state as well as safety factors for steel structures, the authors of this work undertook an attempt to investigate destruction process of selected object by using the method of experimental modal analysis.
7
Content available Structural changes of aluminum cement-based mortar with biochar addition
Woliński Paweł, Szewczak Andrzej, Andrzejuk Wojciech, Ogrodnik Paweł, Łagód Grzegorz, Woyciechowski Piotr, Adamczewski Grzegorz, Michaluk Estera, Kopyra Janina
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
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2025
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Vol. 19, no. 11
230--242
EN
The article presents the results of analyzing the structural changes of samples made of cement mortar. In addition to sand, cement with a higher aluminum oxide content was selected as a mortar component. Biochar, obtained as a product of burning production waste in the wood industry, was intended as an additive affecting the variability of the results. Biochar addition amounted to 1%, 3% and 5% by weight of cement. The samples were subjected to temperature changes. For this purpose, the material was subjected to two phenomena: high temperature (400°) and 150 freezing and thawing cycles. In the study, the authors focused on the possible changes occurring in the internal structure of the material. The possible course of the formation of cracks in the material subjected to variable physical factors, as well as the primary structure, studied by means of the SEM method, were presented. The gathered material complements the previously conducted tests focusing on changes in compressive strength and flexural strengths of reference samples and those prepared according to the described formulations. The results of the study indicate the possibility of using biochar as an additive to mortars allowing them to change their response to different temperatures by affecting the process of water transport inside the material.
8
Content available Modal analysis research for prevending bridge construction disasters
Żółtowski Mariusz, Baryłka Adam, Ogrodnik Paweł, Rutkowska Gabriela
Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych
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2024
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Nr 4
23--34
EN
In this contribution, the author will attempt to demonstrate the potential applicability of frequency-domain estimators in the field of modal analysis. The basics of vibration and modal analysis will be briefly summarised. In modal analysis, it is important to identify a mechanical system with a few inputs and hundreds of outputs. This requires the adaptation of frequency-domain estimators designed to handle large amounts of data in a reasonable amount of time. A practical example will be shown of truss bridge element research.
9
Content available Fly ash from sewage sludge as a component of concrete mix resistant to environmental influence
Rutkowska Gabriela, Żółtowski Mariusz, Ogrodnik Paweł
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Morskiej w Szczecinie
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2023
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nr 76 (148)
65--72
EN
The restrictions on carbon dioxide emissions introduced by the European Union encourage experimental work on new-generation materials containing smaller amounts of clinker. At present, silica fly ashes from the combustion of hard coal are widely used in the technology of cement and concrete in Europe and Poland. This research aims to assess the physical and chemical properties of fly ashes from the thermal treatment of sewage sludge for use in concrete technology in relation to applicable standards and determine their impact on the natural environment. The established concentrations of heavy metals are below the maximum values required when discharging sewage into the ground or waters and also meet the necessary leaching limits when inert waste is allowed to be landfilled and on substances particularly harmful to the aquatic environment. On this basis, it was found that the migration of heavy metals from concrete with the addition of ashes to the water environment is insignificant and should not be a major problem. In addition, the tests showed that the activity index did not exceed the limit value.
10
Content available remote Wpływ popiołów ze spalania komunalnych osadów ściekowych na cechy wytrzymałościowe betonu zawierającego recyklingowe kruszywo ceramiczne
Szulej Jacek, Ogrodnik Paweł, Powęzka Aleksandra, Sumorek Andrzej
Materiały Budowlane
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2023
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nr 12
42--46
PL
Świadomość ekologiczna społeczeństwa, a przede wszystkim konieczność dążenia do zrównoważonego rozwoju w gospodarce powoduje, że wpływ betonu na środowisko naturalne jest coraz częściej omawiany. Wpisuje się to jednocześnie w szeroko rozumiany trend gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym, w której ogranicza się do minimum możliwości powstawania odpadów także w budownictwie. Podejmowane są liczne badania mające na celu zmniejszenie energochłonności rozwiązań dla sektora budowlanego oraz zmniejszenia ilości wytwarzanych odpadów. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane wyniki badań cech mechanicznych betonu zawierającego odpadowe kruszywo ceramiczne i popiół lotny ze spalania osadów ściekowych. Określono także wpływ podwyższonej temperatury 300, 450 i 600°C na właściwości wytrzymałościowe betonu. Przeprowadzone badania jednoznacznie wykazały możliwość stosowania kruszywa recyklingowego pochodzącego z przekruszenia ceramiki szlachetnej oraz popiołów lotnych ze spalania osadów ściekowych w betonach konstrukcyjnych.
EN
The ecological awareness of society and, above all, the need to base the country's economy on sustainable development mean that the issue of impact on the natural environment is an issue that is increasingly discussed by concrete technologists. At the same time, it fits into the broadly understood trend of a closed-loop economy, in which the possibility of generating waste, also in construction, is minimized. Numerous studies are being undertaken to reduce the energy consumption of solutions for the construction sector and to reduce the amount of waste generated. The article presents selected results of tests on the mechanical properties of concrete containing waste ceramic aggregate and fly ash from the combustion of sewage sludge. The influence of increased temperatures of 300, 450 and 600°C on the strength properties of concrete was also determined. The conducted research clearly demonstrated the possibility of using recycled aggregate from the crushing of fine ceramics and fly ash from the combustion of sewage sludge in construction concrete.
11
Content available Elemental Composition of the Ultrafine Fraction of Road Dust in the Vicinity of Motorways and Expressways in Poland – Asphalt Versus Concrete Surfaces
Rogula-Kozłowska Wioletta, Penkała Magdalena, Bihałowicz Jan Stefan, Ogrodnik Paweł, Walczak Agata, Iwanicka Natalia
Journal of Ecological Engineering
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2023
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Vol. 24, nr 11
82--90
EN
Air pollution in the vicinity of roads is a complex and growing problem. In urbanised areas, there are many sources of dust emissions, but one of the main ones is road traffic. Investigating and assessing the physical and chemical properties of road dust and, more specifically, dust collected from surface courses is one way of providing an opportunity not only to identify the contribution of the emitters concerned to the formation of dust air pollution in the vicinity of roads but above all the environmental risks associated with traffic emissions. The study aimed to analyse the elemental composition of dust with a fraction <0.1 mm, collected from asphalt and concrete roads characterised by the highest technical and service parameters in Poland. The samples were analysed using a Shimadzu EDX 7000 energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, then the results were statistically analysed using the t-Welch test, and the enrichment factors EF were determined. It was shown that road dust with a grain size of less than 0.1 mm collected from asphalt surface course was extremely highly enriched in Cu, Cr, Pb and S, while that from the concrete surface course was enriched in Zn and Zr, indicating a strong anthropogenic origin of these elements; exhaust gases were identified as their source. Irrespective of the type of surface course, very high dust enrichment occurs for Ca, Mn, Ni, S, Ti and Y. These elements may originate from the abrasion process of vehicle tyres. For road dust collected from both road types, the most similar EF values were found for Fe, K, Mn, Si, Sr and Ti. The source of these elements is most likely the roadside soil. It follows that the type of road surface is not the main determinant of the composition of road dust with a fraction <0.1 mm.
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