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1

The Effect of Vocal Effort on Voice Quality in Occupations with High Vocal Load

Sterczewski Mateusz, Trzaskoma Daniel, Szklanny Krzysztof

Engineering Transactions

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2025

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Vol. 73, iss. 4

687--700

EN

Phonation type identification and voice quality analysis are often performed using invasive methods such as laryngoscopy or fiberoscopy. This work aims to determine whether comparable results can be reproduced using acoustic analysis, a noninvasive method. The research consists of two series of experiments conducted on two separate groups of professional voice users to calculate the values of voice quality parameters (i.e., peak slope, normalized amplitude quotient, cepstral peak prominence, harmonics-to-noise ratio). The first experiment focused on recording voice in the sound studio (22 participants), while the second focused on collecting data using a dedicated mobile app outside the sound studio (20 participants). The collected samples were then analyzed to examine the effects of vocal load on voice quality and to determine variations between different groups of test participants. According to the results of the experiments, vocal load and working professionally with voice change the value of normalized amplitude quotient (NAQ). Furthermore, it has been shown that harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) and cepstral peak performance (CPP) vary with regular hydration status.

2

An Acoustic Study of the Emphatic Occlusive [t] in School-Going Children with Cleft Palate or Cleft Lip

Baazi Khaled, Guerti Mhania

Archives of Acoustics

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2022

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Vol. 47, No. 2

141--149

EN

The aim of this acoustic study is to analyse the phoneme [t] produced by school children surgically operated on for the cleft palate or cleft lip, in order to examine their vocal characteristics, to provide speech therapists with numerous concrete analyses of voice and speech, to effectively support them and to prevent some serious outcomes on their psychological and academic development. The motivation for this study was mainly stemming from the difficulties that Algerian schoolchildren with clefts encounter in the pronunciation of this phoneme. To carry out the study, several acoustic parameters were investigated in terms of the fundamental frequency F0, the first three formants F1, F2, and F3, the energy E0, the Voice Onset Time (VOT), the durations [CV] and [V] of the subsequent vowel [a]. For the analysis, further important parameters in the field of pathological speech were deployed, namely the degree of disturbance of F0 (jitter), the degree of disturbance of intensity (shimmer) and the HNR (Harmonics to Noise Ratio). Results revealed disturbance in the values of F1, F2, and F3 and stability in the values of F0. Another important reported aspect is the increase in the value of the VOT due to the difficulties in controlling the plosives’ successive closure and release.

3

Ocena przydatności wybranych cech sygnału mowy wyróżniających osoby ze zmianami neurodegradacyjnymi

Majda-Zdancewicz Ewelina, Dobrowolski Andrzej P.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2019

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R. 95, nr 11

93--96

PL

W artykule przedstawiono problematykę oceny aparatu głosu u osób z chorobami neurodegradacyjnymi. W ramach badań dokonano opisu sygnału akustycznego w oparciu o parametry wyodrębnione przy użyciu powszechnie wykorzystywanych metod analizy akustycznej. Następnie przeprowadzono wstępną ocenę przydatności wyekstrahowanych cech z zastosowaniem wybranych miar statystycznych, w kontekście możliwości ich wykorzystania w systemach ukierunkowanych na wczesne wykrycie tzw. stanów otępiennych.

EN

The paper presents the problem related to the evaluation of speech organ in the context of persons with neurodegenerative changes. As part of the research, the acoustic signal was described based on the parameters extracted using commonly used methods of acoustic analysis. Next, a preliminary assessment of the usefulness of the extracted features with the use of selected statistical measures was carried out, in the context of the possibility of their use in systems aimed at early detection of the so-called dementia.

4

A review of flow acoustic effects on a commercial automotive exhaust system - methods and materials

Mohamad Barhm

Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 3, No 2

149--156

EN

Literature review on flow acoustic methods and materials of an automotive muffler. A car is judged comfortable also depending on the acoustic level transmitted inside, and a thorough knowledge of acoustics of ducts and mufflers is needed for the design of efficient muffler configurations. Unstable exhaust gas at high temperature flowing from internal combustion engine manifold may cause of noise and vibrations conflicting with the high standard of acoustic comfort requested by this kind of vehicle. The basic gaols are to define most important methods to identify noise occur from the motion of fluid in case of turbulent model. Materials properties like velocity, temperature, thermal conductivity and density have been technical presented in this work.

5

Comparison of Lithuanian and Polish Consonant Phonemes Based on Acoustic Analysis – Preliminary Results

Korvel Gražina, Kurasova Olga, Kostek Bożena

Archives of Acoustics

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2019

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Vol. 44, No. 4

693--707

EN

The goal of this research is to find a set of acoustic parameters that are related to differences between Polish and Lithuanian language consonants. In order to identify these differences, an acoustic analysis is performed, and the phoneme sounds are described as the vectors of acoustic parameters. Parameters known from the speech domain as well as those from the music information retrieval area are employed. These parameters are time- and frequency-domain descriptors. English language as an auxiliary language is used in the experiments. In the first part of the experiments, an analysis of Lithuanian and Polish language samples is carried out, features are extracted, and the most discriminating ones are determined. In the second part of the experiments, automatic classification of Lithuanian/English, Polish/English, and Lithuanian/Polish phonemes is performed.

6

Acoustic Parameters in the Evaluation of Voice Quality of Choral Singers. Prototype of Mobile Application for Voice Quality Evaluation

Szklanny Krzysztof

Archives of Acoustics

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2019

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Vol. 44, No. 3

439--446

EN

Choral singers are among intensive voice users whose excessive vocal effort puts them at risk of developing voice disorders. The aim of the work was to assess voice quality for choral singers in the choir at the Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology. This evaluation was carried out using the acoustic parameters from the COVAREP (A Collaborative Voice Analysis Repository For Speech Technologies) repository. A prototype of a mobile application was also prepared to allow the calculation of these parameters. The study group comprised 6 male and 19 female choir singers. The control group consisted of health non-singing individuals, 50 men and 39 women. Auditory perceptual assessment (using the RBH scale) as well as acoustic analysis were used to test the voice quality of all the participants. The voice quality of the female choir singers proved to be normal in comparison with the control group. The male choir singers were found to have tense voice in comparison with the controls. The parameters which proved most effective for voice evaluation were Peak Slope and Normalized Amplitude Quotient.

7

Voice Traces of Anxiety : Acoustic Parameters Affected by Anxiety Disorder

Özseven T., Düğenci M., Doruk A., Kahraman H. İ.

Archives of Acoustics

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2018

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Vol. 43, No. 4

625--636

EN

Although the emotions and learning based on emotional reaction are individual-specific, the main features are consistent among all people. Depending on the emotional states of the persons, various physical and physiological changes can be observed in pulse and breathing, blood flow velocity, hormonal balance, sound properties, face expression and hand movements. The diversity, size and grade of these changes are shaped by different emotional states. Acoustic analysis, which is an objective evaluation method, is used to determine the emotional state of people’s voice characteristics. In this study, the reflection of anxiety disorder in people’s voices was investigated through acoustic parameters. The study is a case-control study in cross-sectional quality. Voice recordings were obtained from healthy people and patients. With acoustic analysis, 122 acoustic parameters were obtained from these voice recordings. The relation of these parameters to anxious state was investigated statistically. According to the results obtained, 42 acoustic parameters are variable in the anxious state. In the anxious state, the subglottic pressure increases and the vocalization of the vowels decreases. The MFCC parameter, which changes in the anxious state, indicates that people can perceive this situation while listening to the speech. It has also been shown that text reading is also effective in triggering the emotions. These findings show that there is a change in the voice in the anxious state and that the acoustic parameters are influenced by the anxious state. For this reason, acoustic analysis can be used as an expert decision support system for the diagnosis of anxiety.

8

The Acoustic Cues of Fear : Investigation of Acoustic Parameters of Speech Containing Fear

Özseven T.

Archives of Acoustics

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2018

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Vol. 43, No. 2

245--251

EN

Speech emotion recognition is an important part of human-machine interaction studies. The acoustic analysis method is used for emotion recognition through speech. An emotion does not cause changes on all acoustic parameters. Rather, the acoustic parameters affected by emotion vary depending on the emotion type. In this context, the emotion-based variability of acoustic parameters is still a current field of study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the acoustic parameters that fear affects and the extent of their influence. For this purpose, various acoustic parameters were obtained from speech records containing fear and neutral emotions. The change according to the emotional states of these parameters was analyzed using statistical methods, and the parameters and the degree of influence that the fear emotion affected were determined. According to the results obtained, the majority of acoustic parameters that fear affects vary according to the used data. However, it has been demonstrated that formant frequencies, mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, and jitter parameters can define the fear emotion independent of the data used.

9

Zastosowanie radialnych funkcji bazowych do analizy akustycznych drgań własnych kabiny pojazdu

Majkut L., Olszewski R.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2017

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R. 18, nr 12

1110--1113, CD

PL

W artykule opisano możliwości zastosowania Metody Funkcji Radialnych do wyznaczania akustycznych częstotliwości drgań własnych w przestrzeniach ograniczonych. Porównano metodyki popularnych narzędzi obliczeniowych takich jak Metoda Elementów Skończonych i Metoda Elementów Brzegowych wraz ze wskazaniem wad i zalet do Metody Funkcji Radialnych.

EN

In the paper the possibility of Radial Basis Function Method for the calculation of acoustic eigenvalues is described. The proposed method is compared with other numerical methods of wave acoustic. The advantages and disadvantages of Finite Element Method and Boundary Element Method are described and compared to proposed Radial Basis Function Method.

10

An Experimental Study of the Gemination in Arabic Language

Ferrat K., Guerti M.

Archives of Acoustics

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2017

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Vol. 42, No. 4

571--578

EN

In this paper, we report the results of an experimental study of the acoustic and articulatory features of the gemination in Modern Arabic language, pronounced by Algerian speakers. To extract the feature characteristics, we have carried out an acoustic analysis by computing the values of frequency formants, energy and durations of the consonants and subsequent vowels in the various [VCV] and [VCgV] utterances (Cg: geminate consonant). For the articulatory analysis, a range of kinematics parameters were analyzed from the phoneme productions including movement trajectories, distance, velocity, and duration of tongue movements. Among the most important results, we note a longer duration of the vowel following a geminate consonant, a decreasing in levels of F1 and F2 formants and a rising in level of F3 formant of this vowel.

11

Wpływ długości fonacji na ilość informacji zawartej w sygnale głosu ludzkiego

Panek D., Skalski A., Gajda J.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2015

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R. 91, nr 5

57-59

PL

Skuteczność detekcji nieprawidłowości w głosie ludzkim wykorzystująca cyfrowe przetwarzanie sygnałów akustycznych w ostatnich latach wzrosła, lecz nadal nie ma uniwersalnego rozwiązania, które dostarczyłoby pewnej informacji na temat stanu badanego narządu głosu. Dotychczas nie istnieją żadne standardy rejestracji głosu uwzględniające określony czas fonacji mowy. W badaniach sprawdzono w jakim stopniu czas trwania fonacji wypowiedzianej samogłoski /a/ ma wpływ na ilość informacji zawartej w sygnale głosu z wykorzystaniem 28 parametrów opisujących sygnał akustyczny.

EN

The detection accuracy of irregularities in the human voice based on the digital processing of acoustic signals increased in recent years, but there is no universal solution that would provide a certain on the state of the examined voice organ. So far, there are no standards for voice registration including specified time of the phonation. In this study we examined the duration of the spoken vowel /a/ affects the amount of information contained in the voice signal using 28 parameters describing acoustic signal.

12

Ocena parametrów analizy akustycznej w detekcji patologii mowy

Panek D.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2014

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R. 90, nr 5

126--129

PL

Diagnostyka stanu dróg głosowych wymaga stworzenia wektora, który składa się z różnych parametrów akustycznych, co może pomóc w szybkiej oraz automatycznej detekcji patologii głosu. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wektor cech złożony z 31 parametrów. Parametry mowy zostały wyodrębnione w dziedzinie czasu, częstotliwości oraz cepstralnej. Wybór parametrów niezbędnych w ocenie patologii głosu został potwierdzony w analizie głównych składowych, jądrowej analizie głównych składowych (kernel PCA) oraz liniowej analizie dyskryminacyjnej (LDA).

EN

The diagnosis of the current state of the vocal tract requires the creation of a feature vector that consists of various acoustic parameters, which can help in rapid and automatic detection of voice pathologies. Vector consisting of 31 parameters was done in this project. Speech parameters were extracted in the time, frequency and cepstral domain. Essential parameters were selected and analysed using principal component analysis, kernel principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis.

13

Cepstral separation difference: A novel approach for speech impairment quantification in Parkinson's disease

Khan T., Westin J., Dougherty M.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 34, no. 1

25--34

EN

This paper introduces a novel approach, Cepstral Separation Difference (CSD), for quantification of speech impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). CSD represents a ratio between the magnitudes of glottal (source) and supra-glottal (filter) log-spectrums acquired using the source-filter speech model. The CSD-based features were tested on a database consisting of 240 clinically rated running speech samples acquired from 60 PD patients and 20 healthy controls. The Guttmann (μ2) monotonic correlations between the CSD features and the speech symptom severity ratings were strong (up to 0.78). This correlation increased with the increasing textual difficulty in different speech tests. CSD was compared with some non-CSD speech features (harmonic ratio, harmonic-to-noise ratio and Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients) for speech symptom characterization in terms of consistency and reproducibility. The high intra-class correlation coefficient (>0.9) and analysis of variance indicates that CSD features can be used reliably to distinguish between severity levels of speech impairment. Results motivate the use of CSD in monitoring speech symptoms in PD.

14

Snoring as a sign of abnormality

Czopek K.

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

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2011

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Vol. 7, no. 1

37--42

EN

Medical support is needed for subjects who snore to get a good night’s sleep. This prospective study is aimed to show how sleep disorders influence a good night sleep. One of the common sleep disorder that affects people of all ages is snoring. Snoring sound could be a sign of cardiovascular disease. Correct interpretation remains a very significant problem in dealing with respiratory sounds, such as snoring and/or breathing. Acoustic characteristics of snoring sounds, which are approximately periodic waves with noise, can be analyzed by using a multidimensional voice program MDVP. Acoustic analysis techniques give information on the mechanism, loudness, intensity and sites of obstruction of upper airways. Further conclusions can be made by comparing simultaneously gathered acoustic and electrocardiographic signals.

15

Diagnostic significance of phase spectrum in acoustic analysis of pathological voice

Samborska-Owczarek A.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

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2010

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R. 56, nr 12

1547-1550

EN

The paper regards the possibility of using new numerical features extracted from the phase spectrum of a speech signal for voice quality estimation in acoustic analysis for medical purposes. This novel approach does not require detection or estimation of the fundamental frequency and works on all types of speech signal: euphonic, dysphonic and aphonic as well. The experiment results presented in the paper are very promising: the developed F0-independant voice features are strongly correlated with two voice quality indicators: grade of hoarseness G (r>0.8) and roughness R (r>0.75) from GIRBAS scale, and exceed the standard voice parameters: jitter and shimmer.

PL

Artykuł dotyczy możliwości ekstrakcji cech numerycznych z widma fazowego sygnału mowy w celu wykorzystania w analizie akustycznej na potrzeby medyczne. Podejście to umożliwia uzależnienie analizy akustycznej od zawodnych metod wykrywania/wyznaczania częstotliwości podstawowej (tonu krtaniowego) i dzięki temu przeznaczone jest do badania wszystkich typów sygnału mowy (również afonicznych). Wyniki eksperymentu są bardzo obiecujące - proponowane cechy Ph1 i Ph2 są silnie skorelowane z dwoma kategoriami percepcyjnymi: stopniem chrypki (r>0.8) oraz szorstkością głosu (r>0.75) ze skali GIRBAS, wykazując silniejsze znaczenie diagnostyczne niż znane i stosowane od dawna wskaźniki jitter i shimmer. Proponowane podejście oprócz skuteczności charakteryzuje się szeregiem dodatkowych korzyści: algorytm metody z powodu niskiej złożoności jest szybki i niekosztowny, interpretacja matematyczna jest prosta i jednoznaczna oraz spójna z obserwowanym obrazem widma fazowego głosu. Ponadto uniezależnienie od detekcji częstotliwości podstawowej sprawia, że algorytm jest deterministyczny oraz efektywny dla każdego typu sygnału mowy.

16

Efekty rehabilitacji zaburzeń mowy z wykorzystaniem analizy akustycznej u pacjentów z chorobą Parkinsona

Słotwiński K., Budrewicz S., Koszewicz M., Podemski R.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2009

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Vol. 15, nr 2

141-143

PL

Ocenia się, że dysartryczne zaburzenia mowy w chorobie Parkinsona występują u 70-90% chorych, a leczenie farmakologiczne przynosi niewielkie efekty. Celem pracy była analiza komputerowa wpływu postępowania logopedycznego na strukturę akustyczną dźwięków mowy w grupie chorych z rozpoznaniem choroby Parkinsona. Materiał stanowiło 10 chorych (6 kobiet, 4 mężczyzn, w wieku 59-75 lat, średnio - 68,2), z rozpoznaniem choroby Parkinsona i z zaburzeniami mowy o charakterze dysar-trycznym. Wszyscy byli leczeni preparatami L-dopy. Przeprowadzono u nich terapię z uwzględnieniem ćwiczeń fonacji, artykulacji; ukierunkowanych na zmniejszenie sztywności mięśni ust i twarzy oraz ćwiczeń oddechowych. W celu oceny skuteczności postępowania logopedycznego wykorzystano komputerową akustyczną analizę mowy, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem następujących parametrów: selektywności poszczególnych elementów wypowiedzi, tempa oraz stabilności dźwięków mowy. W analizie akustycznej zastosowano programy komputerowe IRIS oraz Wavelab. Stwierdzono, że systematycznie stosowane postępowanie logopedyczne u pacjentów z rozpoznaniem choroby Parkinsona i towarzyszącymi zaburzeniami mowy o typie dysartrii wpływa na stabilizację wybranych parametrów akustycznych mowy oraz poprawę sprawności mowy, co znalazło potwierdzenie w akustycznej analizie komputerowej.

EN

Dysarthria occurs in case of 70-90% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Pharmacological treatment of this symptom is not effective enough. The aim of this work was the computer analysis of the influence of speech therapy on the acoustic structure of speech sounds in patients with Parkinson's disease. Material and methods: 10 patients (6 women and 4 men) aged from 59 to 75 years (mean age - 68.2) with PD and dysarthria were examined. All patients were treated by the L-Dopa and the logopedie examination was carried out. The administrated pronation and articulation exercises aimed to facial and oral muscle rigidity reduction. The breathing training was included in the therapeutic programme, as well. Computer speech analysis was applied for the evaluation of speech rehabilitation efficacy. Selectiveness of the individual parts of speech and stability of frequency estimation were analyzed using IRIS and Wavelab computer programs. Systematic logopedie therapy in PD patients with dysarthria influences the speech acoustic parameters and enables the speech efficiency improvement. Computer acoustic analysis allows to follow the therapy efficacy.

17

Połączenie atrybutów akustycznych obrazów falowych z atrybutami sejsmicznymi w kontekście poszerzenia informacji o ośrodku geologicznym

Wawrzyniak K.

Prace Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2008

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nr 150 wydanie konferencyjne

103--108

PL

Praca przedstawia metodykę wykorzystania atrybutów chwilowych do połączonej analizy akustycznych obrazów falowych i danych sejsmicznych w piaszczysto-ilastych utworach miocenu w zapadlisku przedkarpackim. Na podstawie amplitudy chwilowej akustycznych obrazów falowych otrzymano profilowania czasów przyjścia pierwszego maksimum amplitudy chwilowej T_WFn, wykorzystane do obliczenia czasów interwałowych i prędkości fali P oraz do obliczenia impedancji akustycznej ImpP_RS, a także profilowanie wartości amplitudy pierwszego maksimum A_RS. Krzywe te zestawiono z uśrednioną amplitudą chwilową policzoną dla 20 tras sejsmicznych z otoczenia otworu. Szczegółowa analiza wyników pozwala na wytypowanie potencjalnych stref gazonośnych oraz zwiększenie rozdzielczości informacji o ośrodku geologicznym z danych sejsmicznych.

EN

Reflection strength calculated from acoustic full waveforms was used for obtaining arrival times T_WFn, acoustic impedance ImpP_RS and amplitude of first maximum of reflection strength A_RS. These data were compared with reflection strength calculated from seismic traces. Detailed analyses allowed pointing out potential gas-bearing zones and increasing seismic resolution.

18

Analiza akustycznych obrazów falowych w oparciu o parametryzację sygnału za pomocą metody "pogoń za dopasowaniem" (Matching Pursuit)

Wawrzyniak K.

Prace Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

|

2006

|

nr 137

427-436

PL

Technika "pogoń za dopasowaniem" (ang. Matching Pusuit, MP) jest metodą analizy sygnałów o wysokiej rozdzielczości w przestrzeni czas - częstotliwość. Metoda ta opiera się na adaptacyjnych przybliżeniach sygnału za pomocą niewielu funkcji zwanych atomami, wybieranych z dużego i redundantnego słownika (zbioru atomów). Atomy Gabora (funkcja Gaussa modulowana sinusem) zapewniają optymalną lokalizację w przestrzeni czas - częstotliwość elementów składowych sygnału. Prezentowana praca omawia zastosowanie algorytmu MP do analizy akustycznych obrazów falowych. Przedstawia metodykę usuwania fali propagującej w płuczce oraz dekompozycję pola falowego w celu wydzielenia z akustycznych obrazów falowych fal użytecznych: P, S i Stoneleya. Spośród atomów Gabora najlepiej dopasowanych do przetwarzanego obrazu falowego wybierane są te, które reprezentują fale użyteczne. Na podstawie parametrów wyselekcjonowanych atomów Gabora, (położenia, częstotliwości i szerokości w domenie czasu), określane są własności czasowo-częstotliwościowe fal akustycznych.

EN

Matching Pursuit (MP) algorithm is high-resolution signal analysis in time-frequency space. The method relies on an adaptive approximation of a signal by means of Gabor atoms chosen from a very large and redundant dictionary of function. This paper presents application of MP algorithm to analyses of Acoustic Full Waveforms. Methodology of extraction of fluid wave and decomposition of AFW into separate P, S and Stoneley waves is shown. Gabor atoms that fit best to the signal structure were analyzed in order to select the ones that represent the acoustic waves. On the basis of the parameters of these atoms (position, width in time and frequency) time-frequency properties of waves are presented.

19

The rapid acoustic screening of deoxynivalenol (DON) in grain

Juodeikiene G., Vidmantiene D., Basinskiene L., Bartkiene E., Koe W. J.

Ekologia i Technika

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2005

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R. 13, nr 5

187-192

EN

Mycoxins in food and feed are considered as important safety issues of growing concern. Most scientific developments have occurred in the last decades in the area of mycotoxins. Formal health risk assessments have been carried out or are underway by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). One of the from an economic point of view and less from a health point of view important mycotoxin is deoxynivalenol (DON) or vomitoxin. DON is a toxin formed by fungi of the genus Fusarium and occurs mainly on grains and corn. In Europe alone, Fusarium head blight destroys a fifth of the wheat harvest. Limits and regulations for mycotoxins in food and feed have been established in many countries and recently the EU published legislation in this field. An array of (formally validated) analytical methods and (certified) reference materials has become available. Quantitative methods of analysis for regulatory purposes for mycotoxins often make use of immuno affinity cleanup with LC or GC separation techniques in combination with various types of detectors, including MS. There exist interesting newer developments in mycotoxin methodology, of which the application would need to be further explored, tested for performance and compared with the existing conventional methods. These methods include the powerful LC MS (MS) and GC MS bench top techniques, capillary zone electrophoresis, cell tests and others and for screening purposes (bio) sensor based techniques and non-invasive methods based on infrared and acoustic techniques. The promising acoustic technique is fast, effective, simple and reliable and is capable to be used in- and on-line. Further development and validation and calibration of this method in compare with existing state of the art conventional methods are necessary to make progress with this promising technology.