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Zużycie nawozów mineralnych w gospodarstwach rolnych województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego

Podleśny Janusz, Smytkiewicz-Buzak Karolina

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 12

1553--1558

PL

Przeprowadzono analizę zużycia nawozów mineralnych w wybranych gospodarstwach rolnych województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego, zróżnicowanych pod względem wielkości powierzchni i kierunku produkcji. Materiałem źródłowym były wyniki badań ankietowych z 40 gospodarstw, które wybrano w ramach współpracy z Warmińsko-Mazurskim Ośrodkiem Doradztwa Rolniczego w Olsztynie. Stwierdzono duże zróżnicowanie w stosowaniu nawozów mineralnych w analizowanych gospodarstwach. Najwięcej nawozów NPKS stosowano w gospodarstwach o powierzchni 51-100 ha, a najmniejsze dawki tych nawozów w gospodarstwach najmniejszych, o powierzchni 10-20 ha. W gospodarstwach o powierzchni 31-50 ha stosunek N:P:K był najkorzystniejszy spośród wszystkich analizowanych grup gospodarstw. Przeprowadzona analiza wykazała, że najwyższe plony uzyskano w gospodarstwach największych, o powierzchni powyżej 100 ha. Stwierdzono silną korelację pomiędzy dawką nawozu mineralnego a wysokością plonu roślin uprawnych.

EN

The anal. was based on questionnaire surveys conducted in 2019-2020 on 40 farms located in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie province, differing in the area of agricultural area (10- > 100 ha) and cropping system structure. The highest consumption of NPKS fertilizers occurred on farms with an area of 51-100 ha, while the lowest doses were used on farms with the smallest area (10-20 ha). The most favorable N:P:K ratio was found on farms with an area of 31-50 ha. The highest yields were achieved on farms with an area of over 100 ha. A strong pos. correlation was found between the dose of mineral fertilizers used and the yield of analyzed crops.

2

Efektywność energetyczna produkcji biomasy pszenicy jarej nawożonej azotem i siarką

Klikocka Hanna, Szczepaniak Witold, Zakrzewska Aneta

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2024

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T. 103, nr 6

683--687

PL

W celu obliczenia energochłonności produkcji pszenicy jarej wykorzystano dane z doświadczenia polowego prowadzonego w trzech sezonach wegetacyjnych 2009-2011. W eksperymencie pszenicę jarą nawożono dawkami azotu, wzrastającymi co 40 kg/ha w przedziale 0-120 kg/ha oraz prowadzono w układzie z i bez dodatku siarki (50 kg/ha). Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że najkorzystniejszy wpływ na plon biomasy (ziarna i słomy) i wartość energetyczną plonu biomasy pszenicy jarej Tybalt miało zastosowanie azotu w dawce 120 kg/ha oraz nawożenie siarką w ilości 50 kg/ha.

EN

To calc. the energy consumption of spring wheat prodn. of the Tybalt variety, data from a field expt. conducted in 3 growing seasons 2009-2011 were used. Spring wheat was fertilized with N doses increased every 40 kg/ha in the range of 0-120 kg/ha, in a system with and without S (50 kg/ha). Cultivation of spring wheat in conditions of high doses of N (120 kg/ha) and S addn. (50 kg/ha) increased the energy consumption of prodn.

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Benefits of strip-till in winter wheat cultivation

Różewicz Marcin

Polish Technical Review

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2024

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No. 2

9--13

EN

Winter wheat, as a cereal of greatest economic and food importance, is grown on the largest area of arable land in Poland. The great importance and significant acreage under cultivation result in a search for the methods of cultivating the discussed cereal which would ensure a sufficiently high yield and its quality and, at the same time, bring measurable economic and environmental benefits. One of such methods meeting the mentioned above requirements is strip-till, also referred to as strip cropping. This cultivation method has a number of multifaceted benefits. The application of this cultivation method has a positive impact on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain with simultaneous positives such as reduced fuel consumption and environmental benefits in the form of improved soil quality and reduced carbon dioxide emissions. The aim of this study was to synthesise the current state of knowledge on yield and its quality in winter wheat cultivated using the strip-till method on the basis of the available scientific literature and the results of our own research.

PL

Pszenica ozima jako zboże o największym znaczeniu ekonomicznym oraz żywnościowym jest uprawiana na największym areale użytków rolnych w Polsce. Duże znaczenie i znaczny areał uprawy powodują, że poszukuje się metod uprawy tego zboża, które zapewniłyby dostatecznie wysoki plon i jego jakość, a jednocześnie przynosiły wymierne korzyści ekonomiczne i środowiskowe. Jedną z takich metod, która spełnia te wymagania jest strip-till określany również jako uprawa pasowa. Ten sposób uprawy niesie za sobą szereg wieloaspektowych korzyści. Wykorzystanie tej metody uprawy wpływa korzystnie na plon i jakość ziarna pszenicy ozimej przy jednoczesnych pozytywach takich jak: zmniejszenie zużycia paliwa oraz korzyści środowiskowe w postaci lepszej jakości gleby oraz obniżonej emisji dwutlenku węgla. Celem pracy była synteza obecnego stanu wiedzy dotyczącej plonu oraz jego jakości u pszenicy ozimej uprawianej metodą strip-till na podstawie dostępnej literatury naukowej oraz uzyskanych wyników badań własnych.

4

The productivity of selected soybean cultivars grown using various cultivation methods

Księżak Jerzy, Bojarszczuk Jolanta

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2024

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no. 62

88--96

EN

Soybean is an important legume crop globally due to its rich protein, oil content, and functional components. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the yield of selected soybean cultivars depending on cultivation methods. The three-year field experiment, conducted from 2018 to 2020 at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Kępa-Puławy, Osiny farm (Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute in Puławy), investigated these variations. The first experimental factor was the soil cultivation method: A - conventional tillage, B - reduced tillage, and C - strip tillage. The second variable was soybean cultivar: ‘Aldana’ and ‘Merlin’. The soybean cultivars were selected for their differing maturity rates: ‘Aldana’ (000) is an early cultivar, while ‘Merlin’ (000++) semi-late cultivar. The field experiment utilised a split-plot design on Luvisol soil with sandy loam texture, belonging to a good rye complex, class IIIb-IVa, and was replicated four times. The study showed that the productivity (seed and protein yield) of the ‘Merlin’ cultivar grown in the central-eastern part of Poland was approximately 8% higher than that of the ‘Aldana’ cultivar. The cultivation method had a relatively minor influence on soybean yield, the content of selected nutrients, morphological features, and elements of the yield structure. The soil in strip-tillage method was more compact than the soil cultivated with a plough. After harvesting soybeans at a depth of 30, and 40 cm, the compactness of soil in strip-tillage or with reduced tillage was much lower than in spring, highlighting a positive effect of soybean cultivation on loosening the arable layer.

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The Productivity of Sareptsky Mustard Depends on the Sowing Rate and the Level of Biologization of the Crop Growing Technology

Zhuykov Oleksandr, Lavrenko Sergiy, Khodos Tatyana, Ursal Viacheslav

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 7

246--255

EN

The limiting factors for the popularization of Sarepta mustard in Ukraine are the lack of developed and ecologically adapted zonal technologies for its cultivation, certain dogmatism and stereotypes of the majority of agricultural producers regarding the economic feasibility of introducing Sarepta mustard in crop rotations, as well as bias regarding the effectiveness of biologic elements in the production technologies of plant raw materials. A field experiment was conducted to improve the technology of growing Sarepta mustard. The experiment scheme included the following factors and their variants: Factor A (culture cultivation technology) was represented by variants of the traditional zonal mustard cultivation technology; biologized technology (rejection of mineral fertilizers and their replacement with organic preparations) and organic (replacement of mineral fertilizers and synthetic pesticides with organic preparations). Factor B represented different rates of crop sowing (from 2.0 to 3.0 million pieces of similar seeds per 1 ha with an interval of 0.5 million). The Prima mustard variety was sown in the experiment. Plots in the experiment were placed using the method of split plots with partial randomization. An increase in the crop sowing rate from 2.0 to 3.0 million units/ha leads to a deterioration in the value of most biometric indicators (plant height, leafiness) and all indicators of the crop structure. However, taking into account the discrete nature of the real number of plants preserved in the agrocenosis at the time of the study, the values of such indicators as the area of the assimilation apparatus and the leaf index, as well as the yield of conditioned seeds of the culture, had a curvilinear relationship: with an increase in the sowing rate from 2.0 to 2.5 million pcs./ha grew, and subsequently decreased. The norm of 2.5 million seeds per hectare is recognized as the most optimal seeding rate for all variants of cultivation technology. Also, the study noted a significant advantage of the biological and organic technology of Sarepta mustard cultivation over the traditional intensive one in terms of both biometric and structural indicators, as well as the level of yield of conditioned seeds and its quality indicators, first of all, the contentof raw fat in the seeds.

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Evaluating the Impact of Pre-Anthesis Water Deficit on Yield and Yield Components in Triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmak) Genotypes under Controlled Environmental Conditions

Al-Ajlouni Zakaria I., Sleit Hana, Al-Gharaibeh Mohammad M., Al-Ghzawi Abdul Latief A., Albalasmeh Ammar, Khalaf Yahya Bani, Al-Abdallat Ayed M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 3

96--106

EN

The purpose of this study was to measure the impacts of pre-anthesis drought during reproductive stages (GS31 and GS39) on triticale (X Triticosecale wittmak) yield and yield components. Four triticale genotypes (2 Local and 2 from the USA) were exposed to pre-anthesis drought stress at both the stem elongation stage (B-treatment) and flag leaf emergence stage (C-treatment). Grain yield was not affected by pre-anthesis stress. Under no stress conditions (A-treatment), a strong correlation was detected between grain yield and the number of grains per plant and plant height. Under B-treatment, yield was negatively correlated with spike length; under C-treatment, yield was positively correlated with the number of grains per plant. Drought stresses did not affect the number of grains per plant, thousand grain weight, and harvest index. This implied that the tested genotypes were drought tolerant since they form many tillers. When subjected to pre-anthesis drought it helps the plants to cover the soil surface and reduce water evaporation. JU and S1 showed fast pre-anthesis growth (early flowering cultivars), which makes them favored for further breeding. In contrast, N1 and N2 had slow pre-anthesis growth (late flowering cultivars), which enabled them to store more photosynthate pre-anthesis, which might compensate for the pre-anthesis drought effect on them.

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Effect of Guano Fertilisation on Yield and Some Quality Traits of Perennial Ryegrass Biomass

Możdżer Ewa

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 3

212--222

EN

Due to the lack of conclusive articles on the effect of guano, which is classified as a natural fertiliser, an experiment was conducted to evaluate its effect on the yield and quality of perennial ryegrass of the Rela variety. The guano used in the experiment contained significant concentrations in g·kg-1 DM of nitrogen (23.1), phosphorus (9.52) and magnesium (2.90). The concentration of heavy metals did not exceed the applicable standards in organic fertilisers. The total content of N and P in guano was higher relative to K, and Mg and Ca were similar. The concentration of N and Mg in guano is comparable to the content of these elements in poultry manure. The guano reaction was slightly acidic (5.86). The fertiliser value of guano was assessed in a vegetation-weed two-factor experiment. The test scheme included control, guano and guano with ammonium nitrate applied at three doses. The dry biomass yield of perennial ryegrass from individual cuts varied considerably. The objects with applied guano and guano with ammonium nitrate increased the average yield of perennial ryegrass from cut 1 by 102.9% compared to the control object. Applied guano fertilisation significantly increased the sum of perennial ryegrass yield from three cuts. As a result of the applied fertilisation, there was an increase in N, P and Ca content in perennial ryegrass, while K and Mg content increased to a negligible extent and thus contributed to optimal ionic ratios of Ca:P and K:(Ca+Mg). In contrast, the ionic ratio K:Mg deviated significantly from the optimal values for plants. The application of guano and guano with ammonium nitrate influenced the positive correlation between N and Ca content and the obtained yield of perennial ryegrass.

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Effect of Auxin and Various Iron Concentrations on Medicago × Varia T. Martyn Yield and Forage Quality

Malinowska Elżbieta, Wiśniewska-Kadżajan Beata

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 2

250–-256

EN

The aim of the four-year field experiment was to determine the effect of the foliar application of auxin, a synthetic growth hormone, used on its own and in combination with various iron concentrations on the yield and forage quality of Medicago× varia T. Martyn, the Kometa cultivar. The research was conducted in three replications at the experimental facility of Siedlce University (52°10′03”N; 22°17′24”E, Poland) between 2014 and 2017. The treatment combinations were as follows: K – control (distilled water); A – indole-3-butyric acid (IBA - synthetic auxin); A+F1 – auxin (indole-3 butyric acid) with iron (II) sulphate (IV) heptahydrate at 3% concentration; A+F2 – auxin (indole-3 butyric acid (IBA)) with iron (II) sulphate heptahydrate at 5% concentration; A+F3 – auxin (indole-3 butyric acid (IBA) with iron (II) sulphate heptahydrate at 7% concentration. Between 2014 and 2017 hybrid alfalfa was harvested at the beginning of the bud stage, three times a growing season. Each growth cycle, plants were sprayed once at the 9-leaf stage. During a harvest 0.5 kg of fresh matter was collected from each plot to determine the content of aboveground dry matter and to perform chemical analyses. The highest yield, 44% higher than for control plants, was noted on the plot treated with auxin applied together with iron sulphate at 5% concentration, and the lowest on the control plot. Foliar application of auxin with iron improved the quality of alfalfa forage, affecting the content of total and digestible protein and crude fibre and dry matter digestibility.

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Agrobiological Assessment of Methods and Regimes of Combine Harvesting of Oil Flax in the Conditions of Southern Steppeof Ukraine

Zhuykov Oleksandr, Ivaniv Mykola, Sydiakina Olena, Vozniak Viktor

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 8

24--31

EN

The article presents the results of two-year research on the dependence of a complex of quantitative and qualitative indicators of oil flax seed yield of Southern Night and Vodohray varieties, as well as seed sowing conditions on the methods and regimes of combine harvesting of the crop. The direct single-phase method of combine harvesting did not lag behind the control in terms of seed productivity per plant or M1000 indicator. Harvesting according to the two-phase scheme had a significant negative impact on the formation of these indicators: the M1000 indicator decreased by 0.5 g or 7.1% compared to the control, and the seed mass per plant decreased by 0.06 g or 15.4%. Pre-harvest desiccation in the single-phase method also negatively affected the formation of these indicators: when using Reglone Super, the M1000 indicator decreased by 0.7 g, Roundup by 1.0 g compared to the control; seed productivity per plant decreased by 0.07 and 0.1 g, respectively. The oil flax yield with direct single-phase harvesting was lower than the control by 0.03 t/ha or 2.1% (Southern Night variety) and by 0.04 t/ha or 3.0% (Vodohray variety). Additional desiccation of crops significantly reduced seed yield. When using Reglone Super desiccant, this reduction was 0.06–0.09 t/ha (4.5–6.4%), Roundup–0.10–0.13 t/ha (7.5–9.2%). The two-phase harvesting method yielded lower seed yield compared to the control by 0.10 t/ha (7.1%) when growing the Southern Night variety and by 0.08 t/ha (6.0%) when growing the Vodohray variety. The oil content of seeds of both flax varieties did not differ from the control with single-phase harvesting. Desiccation of crops during single-phase harvesting led to a significant decrease in crude fat content in seeds–by 0.7–0.9% (Southern Night variety) and 0.5–0.9% (Vodohray variety). Two-phase harvesting when growing the Southern Night variety contributed to a decrease in seed oil content by 0.5%, while it did not affect this quality indicator when growing the Vodohray variety. Laboratory germination similarity and energy reached maximum values in the control and in variants of direct singlephase harvesting without desiccation of crops–96.2 and 88.5–88.7%, respectively. Other studied methods and regimes of harvesting worsened the sowing conditions of oil flax seeds.

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The Influence of Elements of Technology and Soil-Climatic Factors on the Agrobiological Properties of Onobrychis Viciifolia

Kovalenko Vitalii, Tonkha Oksana, Fedorchuk Mykhailo, Butenko Andrii, Toryanik Valentina, Davydenko Gennadiy, Bordun Roman, Kharchenko Serhii, Polyvanyi Anton

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 5

179--190

EN

The significance of this study stems from the imperative to justify and advance agrobiological foundations aimed at enhancing the cultivation practices of Onobrychis viciifolia. There exists a compelling necessity to refine agronomic methodologies and streamline their comprehensive efficacy within the technological phases of cultivation. This study is aim to provide a critical analysis of scientific problem of substantiation of biological and organic foundations of the technology of Onobrychis viciifolia growing. Innovative technological interventions were formulated by extrapolating discerned patterns of influence pertaining to climatic and meteorological factors. Patterns governing the growth, development, and productivity formation of Onobrychis viciifolia were identified, and both the theoretical and practical principles of contemporary methods for cultivating perennial legumes were established. The chemical compound of aboveground biomass of Onobrychis viciifolia is varied depending on researched factors. Fertilization practically did not increase the productivity of Onobrychis viciifolia. The natural fertility of low-humus chernozem soil ensures the formation of a high, stable yield without fertilizing. This is the evidence that Onobrychis viciifolia compares favorably with other perennial legumes. Due to its biological characteristics, it is much more effective, especially in leveraging natural factors for the yield formation, i.e., it plays a significant role in the biologization of plant production, and in obtaining the most environmentally friendly, high–quality, yet cheap feed. The outcomes derived from the conducted research indicate that, under uniform soil conditions and varying fertilizer levels, the mowing height emerges as the predominant factor. The highest concentrations of nutrients within the overground biomass of Onobrychis viciifolia were noted at a cutting altitude of 11 centimeters. Concurrently, an elevation in crude protein and ash content was observed, accompanied by a concomitant reduction in the index of crude fiber.

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The Effect of Different Methods of Fertilization with Ammonium Sulfate and Urea on Yield and Fruit Size of Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)

Braha Sabri Latif, Kullaj Endrit

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 4

116--124

EN

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of liquid fertilization through drip irrigation with nitrogenous (N) fertilizers, including ammonium sulfate and urea, compared to the application of granular fertilizers on highbush blueberry plants (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cultivar ‘Draper’ during the first three years of fruit production (2020–2022). Planting of the saplings took place in April 2018, distances were 1.1 m within rows and 2.8 m between rows, 3246 shrubs/ ha. Control variants (no fertilization) were identical for both fertilization methods (liquid and granular). The substrate was a mixture of soil, peat, and pine bark in a 1:1:1 ratio. Both types of fertilizers were used at three N rates, which were increased each year as the plants entered into production (70 to 95, 135 to 190, 195 to 270 kg/ha N). In the first year with liquid fertilization, the yield was 3.8 t/ha, while with granular fertilization, it was 2.7 t/ha, indicating a 29% higher yield with liquid fertilization. Additionally, the yield was 14.8% higher with ammonium sulfate compared to urea. The nitrogen concentration in the leaves with liquid fertilization reached 1.78%, while with granular fertilization, it was 1.67%. Moreover, with ammonium sulfate, it was 1.89%, and with urea, it was 1.73%. Overall, the highest total yield ranging from 16.9 to 25.9 t/ha during the first three years of production was achieved when the plants were fertilized with ammonium sulfate or urea at an annual rate of 70–95 kg/ha N. The conducted research found that liquid fertilization is more efficient in maximizing yield and optimizing the amount of nutrients. Liquid fertilizers were evenly distributed using drip irrigation; this uniform application helps ensure that all plants receive the same amount of nutrients.

12

Assessing the Effects of Water Scarcity and Biofertilizer Application (Pseudomonas putida) on the Growth and Productivity of Different Eggplant (Solanum melongena) Genotypes in Northeastern Morocco

Maachi Dina, Ouzouline Malika, Skiker Mounia, Oussellam Mariam, Riouchi Ouassila, Zerrouk Mohamed Hassani, Assouguem Amine, Lahlali Rachid, Moukhtari Ikram El, Aberkani Kamal

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 10

194--205

EN

Drought had affected the crops production in Morocco, during the last decade. Plants breeding is still a solution to increase crops tolerance for water scarcity. Using natural biofertilizer based on microorganisms still a good practice to enhance the resilience of agriculture to drought. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of water shortage and use of a biofertilizer based on the strain of Pseudomonas putida on five genotypes of eggplants selected for drought tolerance under the semi-arid of the northeast of Morocco. Two irrigations regimes: 100% (amount of water irrigation made by growers) and 50% of this amount with and without the biofertilizer (1 × 108 UFC/g). The biofertilizer was applied three times during the plant growth stages. The experiment was conducted at commercial farm production and using a randomized complete block design. Plants were organized in blocks containing 3 plants for each genotype and repeated in 5 repetitions. Crops were planted on August 3rd, 2022, and experiments ended on January 2nd, 2023. The results showed different responses among the genotypes in terms of growth. The effect of Pseudomonas on plant height showed that there was a significant increase, at 100% irrigation for C14, B3, C8, B5 and C11 with 20%, 19%, 17%, 14.29% and 12,5%, respectively compared with the control. For C8 and B3, when subjected to 100% water with biofertilizer, there was an increase in the average number of fruits compared to 100% water without the biofertilizer. The highest yield was recorded with B5 under 100% irrigation + fertilizer (1.35 kg/plant). Water shortage impacted the productivity of all genotypes and the fruit number and yield increased with the use of the biofertilizer. Our study is still valuable under the conditions of this trial and more experiments will be needed at several seasons and at different growing conditions.

13

Application of Biologization Elements in Buckwheat Organic Cultivation Technology

Karbivska Uliana, Kunychak Galyna, Dutchak Olga, Karpuk Lesia, Tatarchuk Lyudmila, Kashtanova Tetiana, Shelenko Diana, Hryhoriv Yaroslava, Gniezdilova Victoria, Sluchyk Iryna

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 5

235--242

EN

The article examines the potential of buckwheat cultivation as an ecologically oriented crop, which, due to its biological and economic characteristics, can generate profits and contribute to improving the ecological state of production. Buckwheat, being a high-yielding and environmentally friendly crop, has the potential to become an important component of the agricultural sector. Currently, it may not yield as high as corn, sunflower, or soybeans, but buckwheat cultivation allows for profit generation that surpasses most other grain and legume crops, particularly when compared to winter wheat production. Due to its unique properties, buckwheat is valuable in many aspects: it can be used as a soil precursor and improver in agriculture, is an important source of honey, and contains many nutrients that can be utilized to create functional products with medicinal and health properties. The use of organic cultivation methods and the application of organic biostimulant fertilisers, such as “Vermimag”, can significantly improve the growth and development of buckwheat, increase its competitiveness, yield, and the economic efficiency of organic production. According to research results, the best conditions for the growth and development of plants, increasing branching and the number of inflorescences, fruit set, and productivity of buckwheat were achieved by combining buckwheat seed treatment with two-time spraying of crops with the organic fertilizer “Vermimag”. Variants where organic fertilizer was applied showed better development of buckwheat plants, increased branching, and ultimately increased buckwheat yield.

14

Agro-Ecological, Marketing Assessment for Siderate in Potato Cultivation

Mishchenko Yurii, Kolisnyk Oleg, Bahorka Mariia, Yakovets Liudmyla, Samoshkina Iryna, Yurchenko Nataliiа, Klymchuk Oleksandr, Yunyk Anatolii, Tymchuk Dmytro S., Sobran Ivan

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 12

158--164

EN

Under current conditions, ecological component is becoming increasingly important. Restoration of potential soil fertility by their saturation with organic matter of intermediate crop siderates is the basis for growing environmentally friendly and high-quality products.Development and adaptation of effective agricultural technologies for growing potatoes in order to obtain organic products is an important scientific area today. One of the tasks of our research was to identify the payback of organic farming elements at current prices, in particular material resources directed on obtaining maximum and quality of potato harvest in the process of its growing.The results of farming and economic efficiency of using intermediate cultivation crops on green manure while growing potato are given. As a result of the conducted research was revealed positive influence of intermediate crops of sideral crops on economic efficiency of potato growing. Application of post-harvest Raphanus sativum siderate provided the highest yield of potato tubers – 30.9 t·ha-1 and starch yield – 4.08 t·ha-1. In the case of post-harvest Raphanus sativum siderate when growing potato, the highest net profit was obtained – 1369 €·ha–1 and an additional profit of 460 €·ha–1. Application of post-harvest Raphanus sativum siderate provided the lowest cost of potato growing – 36.35 €·t –1, and the highest profitability level of its cultivation – 121.7%, with a payback of additional costs – 0.43 €·t –1.

15

Effect of proline and humic acid application in salinity stress mitigation on some vegetables in hydroponics

Abd-Elhakim Ahmed I.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 56

142--152

EN

The research aimed to find suitable solutions to reduce the salinity stress of irrigation water for some types of vegetables in hydroponics under two drip and mist irrigation systems. The different concentrations of NaCl for irrigation water, are 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 ppm used. Proline (30 mg∙dm -3), humic acid (300 mg∙dm -3) and compared without any from them were used to study their effect on the yield, and water use efficiency. The results indicated that the highest spinach and courgette yield (4.657 and 5.153 kg∙m -2) was observed for the DP500 treatment, and the lowest yield (0.348 and 0.634 kg∙m -2) was observed for the SW4000 treatment, respectively. The use of humic acid led to an increased yield on average by about 16.8 and 19.3% for spinach, and 39.4 and 51.7% for courgette, under drip and mist irrigation, respectively. Using proline led to an increased average yield of about 32.9 and 33% for spinach, and 51.8 and 58.4% for courgette, under drip and mist irrigation, respectively. The highest water use efficiency (WUE) of spinach and courgette (43.1 and 51.5 kg∙m -3) was observed for the DP500 treatment, and the lowest (3.2 and 6.3 kg∙m -3) was observed for the SW4000 treatment. According to our study, the use of proline and humic acid could compensate for the adverse effects of salinity under mist spraying more than drip irrigation.

16

Ecological assessment of soil contamination with heavy metals due to the application of mineral fertilisers

Suleimenova Naziya, Togisbayeva Ainura, Orynbasarova Gulnar, Kuandykova Elnara, Yerekeyeva Svetlana

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2023

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no. 56

74--80

EN

The article presents the results of monitoring the aftereffect of the use of excessive zonal doses of mineral fertilisers on soil contamination with heavy metals (HM). With traditional soybean cultivation technology, the level of soil contamination when applying excessive doses (N60 P180 K90) of fertilisers is quite high and indicates violations of the ecological balance of the agroecosystem. By the nature of the accumulation of heavy metals in meadow-chestnut soil, depending on the application of the studied doses (P60 K30, N30 P60 K30, N60 P180K90) of fertiliser, the content of HM (Pb, Zn, Cd) increases. The greatest contamination of the soil with Cu was revealed, the content of which increases to 3.2 mg∙kg-1 of soil, which is higher than the threshold of the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) - 3.0 mg∙kg-1. According to the level of contamination of the soil with copper, it belongs to the highly dangerous classes. In a comparative assessment of the level of soil contamination with HM, optimal norms of mineral fertilisers have been established, namely, against the background of effective resource-saving technology for growing soybeans. The application of fertilisers at a dose of P60 K30 and N30 P60 K30 does not significantly affect the level of soil contamination with HM, optimises the ecological state and nutrient regime of the soil, preserves and restores soil fertility indicators, and increases soybean productivity. This resource-saving technology provides a safe environment for soybean cultivation and a significant increase of 34.5-38.6% in crop productivity (0.53-0.76 Mg∙ha-1) and yield (2.57 Mg∙ha-1).

17

On the yield surface of a typical bending-dominant periodic lattice metamaterial

Wang Yongjun, Liu Jinxing

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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2023

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Vol. 61 nr 1

175--187

EN

A theoretical method for analyzing the initial yield of a typical bending-dominant peri- odic lattice (BDPL) is established. Based on the principle of strain energy equivalence, the macroscopic effective stiffnesses of lattices are calculated. An empirical formula is employed to consider the contributions of both the axial force and bending moment. The initial yield surface of BDPL can be figured out by comparing the effective stress of each strut to the yield strength of the matrix material. The method is applicable to various BDPLs, which we believe is a helpful extension to the method for lattices comprising axial-tension bars in the literature.

18

Yield and Quality Improvement of Curly Kale (Brassica oleracea var. Sabellica L.) by Utilizing Agricultural Waste

Sembiring Gitta Malinda, Karyawati Anna Satyana, Maghfoer Mochammad Dawam

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 4

163--171

EN

Curly kale has a high nutritional content that benefits the human body’s health. This plant appeals to many individuals. Using agricultural waste processed by fermentation to produce liquid organic fertilizer is an effective option for safe products and can reduce the hydroponic cultivation cost of curly kale. This study aimed to investigate liquid organic fertilizer application technology from various agricultural wastes, vinasse, leucanea leaves, and banana peels. These waste materials are additional hydroponic nutrients close to the hydroponic nutrients (AB Mix) that can increase the yield and quality of curly kale plants. Using a randomized block design, this study involved conducting ten treatments repeated three times from April to June 2022 at the screen house of Villa Puncak Tidar, Malang. The study found that the nutritional composition of AB Mix 75% + (25% LOF Vinasse + Banana Peels + Leucaena leaves) had results close to the shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and shoot root ratio of the 100% AB Mix treatment. The total chlorophyll content approaching the 100% AB Mix treatment results was the AB Mix 75% + (25% LOF Vinasse + Banana Peels) treatment. The AB Mix 50% + (50% LOF Vinasse + Banana Peels) treatment produced the highest levels of antioxidants and showed an increase of 15.79%, compared to the 100% AB Mix treatment of 67.63%.

19

The Effects of Various Organic Materials on Dactylis glomerata Yield and Content of Selected Macroelements

Malinowska Elżbieta, Wiśniewska-Kadżajan Beata, Ostaszewska Urszula, Horaczek Tomasz

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 7

108--118

EN

The aim of the experiment was to assess the effects of various organic materials on Dactylis glomerata yield, on the content of selected macroelements (K, Ca and Mg) and on K:Ca, K:Mg and K:(Ca + Mg) ratios. As a valuable forage plant, Dactylis glomerata (cocksfoot grass) is a common grass in Poland both in grassland and in arable fields. Its rapid spring growth and its resistance to drought, low temperatures, but also to frequent mowing and pests, makes it a common species in meadows, pastures and grassland, both permanent and alternating. In order to achieve the research goal, a three-year pot experiment was established in a greenhouse. The experiment was conducted in a completely random design, in four replications. In the autumn before the experiment, soil was mixed with organic materials (chicken manure, mushroom substrate and rye straw) and put into pots. To selected units, an additional amount of mineral N was applied in the first year and NPK fertilizers in consecutive years. Mineral fertilizers were applied at the beginning of the growing period. Compared to control, the application of mineral and organic fertilizers resulted in a significant increase in Dactylis glomerata yield. The highest biomass yield (average over the growing periods) was recorded on the unit treated with manure, straw and mineral fertilizers (27.64 g•pot-1) and on the one with mushroom substrate applied together with rye straw and mineral fertilizers (26.47 g•pot-1). The K:(Ca+Mg) ratio in the forage was normal and averaged 0.933, but mineral fertilizers, compared to other treatments, narrowed it.

20

Studies on Cucumber Production Using Substrate Culture under North Sinai Conditions

Abd El-Baset Ashraf Ali

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 6

40--53

EN

A wide range of soilless cultivation techniques have been developed and introduced for intensive cropping systems and for boosting the crop yield of many vegetables, mainly in greenhouses. Adoption of some local natural by-products to be utilized as a substrate growing medium to overcome soil-related problems appeared to be a promising project. Therefore, greenhouse experiments were conducted at the Baloza Experimental Station of the Desert Research Center (DRC), North Sinai Governorate, Egypt, during the two consecutive winter growing seasons of 2016–2017 and 2017–2018. These experiments aimed to investigate the effects of seven growing substrate culture treatments of separated or mixed sand obtained from sand dunes and date palm tree residues (Karenna) on plant vegetative growth, flowering, fruit yield and quality traits, and fruit nutritional values of cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) Filial-1 hybrid 1101. Crop evapotranspiration reference (ETc) and water use efficiency (WUE), as well as treatment feasibility, were also studied. The experiment was set up in a complete randomized block design with three replicates. The obtained results strongly indicated that growing substrate media containing 25% sand (S) from sand dunes mixed with 75% grinded Karenna (Kg) of date palm (1 S + 3 Kg) significantly recorded the superiority of all studied characters of plant vegetative growth, number of flowers, fruit set, yield and its components, as well as fruit N, P and K contents, compared with other growing substrate medium treatments. On the contrary, the worst values of all studied parameters were achieved when sand was used alone (100% S) as a growing media. Furthermore, the highest water use efficiency and net income values were also attained by the 1 S + 3 Kg media treatment relative to the other growing substrate medium treatments.