Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Polish automotive industry during the Covid-19 pandemic. Evaluation of the WIG Automotive index

Firlej Chrystian, Kłoczko Angelika, Bednarz Eliza

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2026

|

z. 242

105--123

EN

Purpose: The article aims to analyse and evaluate the financial standing of WIG Automotive companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange between 2019 and 2023 using selected discriminant analysis models. We also examined the relationship between liquidity and profitability. The selected time interval supports conclusions about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: The research process is threefold. It involves a literature review, analysis of 2019-2023 financial data from financial statements of the investigated companies, and selected statistical methods, such as discriminant analysis. Findings: All the automotive companies were in a good or very good financial standing during the period of interest. We confirmed the practicality of discriminant analysis models for forecasting insolvency risk and evaluating corporate financial standing in stable and unstable business environments. No clear association was identified between liquidity and profitability for the investigated companies. Practical implications: The presented research can be used to draw the attention of enterprises operating in the automotive industry to methods of assessing their financial condition and verifying the relationships between selected financial indicators. Originality/value: This article presents an analysis and assessment of the financial condition of selected companies from the WIG Automotive index. Pearson linear correlation analysis was used to identify the underlying causes of these financial results.

2

Analiza wpływu pandemii covid-19 na sektor lotniczy i strategie zapobiegania podobnym kryzysom w przyszłości

Kruszewska Wiktoria, Kowalczyk Julia, Arciechowska Emilia

Journal of KONBiN

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2026

|

Vol. 56, iss.1

127--148

PL

Artykuł stanowi kompleksową analizę wpływu pandemii COVID-19 na sektor transportu lotniczego w Polsce i na świecie, z uwzględnieniem ekonomicznych, organizacyjnych i operacyjnych skutków kryzysu. Pandemia doprowadziła do największego załamania w historii lotnictwa cywilnego – liczba pasażerów w 2020 r. spadła o ponad 65%, a globalne straty finansowe przewoźników przekroczyły 300 miliardów dolarów. W pracy przedstawiono szczegółowe dane dotyczące spadku liczby operacji lotniczych, redukcji połączeń międzynarodowych, bankructw linii oraz zmiany struktury rynku, w tym wzrostu znaczenia transportu cargo. Przeanalizowano również proces odbudowy sektora po 2021 r., wskazując na różnice przestrzenne i czasowe w regeneracji rynku w Europie, Stanach Zjednoczonych i Azji. Na przykładzie Polski omówiono efekty działań pomocowych w ramach tzw. tarcz antykryzysowych, obejmujących wsparcie płynnościowe dla Polskich Linii Lotniczych LOT, obniżki opłat nawigacyjnych oraz wdrażanie rozwiązań cyfrowych w portach lotniczych. Druga część opracowania ma charakter koncepcyjny i poświęcona jest opracowaniu zintegrowanej strategii zapobiegania podobnym kryzysom w przyszłości. Jej trzon stanowią plany ciągłości działania (Business Continuity Plans, BCP), systemy wczesnego ostrzegania oraz cyfrowa transformacja procesów operacyjnych. Przedstawiono model funkcjonalny BCP obejmujący identyfikację zagrożeń, ocenę ryzyka, plan reagowania, utrzymanie podstawowych funkcji operacyjnych oraz odbudowę po kryzysie. Zaproponowano również ujęcie teoretyczne oparte na algorytmie teorii masowej obsługi typu Non-Preemptive Priority System, pozwalającym modelować przepływ operacji lotniczych o różnym priorytecie w warunkach ograniczonych zasobów. Model ten umożliwia analizę czasu oczekiwania, poziomu wykorzystania zasobów oraz efektywności przydziału priorytetów, co może stanowić narzędzie wspierające procesy decyzyjne w zarządzaniu kryzysowym.

EN

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the aviation sector in Poland and worldwide, addressing its economic, organizational, and operational consequences. The pandemic caused the most severe disruption in the history of civil aviation – the number of air passengers decreased by over 65% in 2020, and global airline losses exceeded 300 billion USD. The study provides detailed data on the reduction of passenger operations, international flight suspensions, and airline bankruptcies, as well as the restructuring of the market, including the growing significance of cargo transport. The recovery process of the aviation sector after 2021 is analyzed in terms of its spatial and temporal diversity, emphasizing regional differences between Europe, the United States, and Asia. The article discusses national support measures undertaken in Poland, including financial aid for LOT Polish Airlines, temporary reductions in air navigation charges, and the introduction of contactless digital technologies at airports. The second part of the paper develops a conceptual model of a crisis prevention strategy aimed at enhancing the sector’s resilience to future disruptions. This strategy is based on Business Continuity Plans (BCP), early warning systems, digital transformation, and sustainable development principles. A functional framework of the BCP is proposed, encompassing hazard identification, risk assessment, response planning, continuity of critical operations, and post-crisis recovery. Moreover, a theoretical model derived from queueing theory – the Non-Preemptive Priority System – is introduced as an analytical tool for managing air traffic operations of different priority levels under capacity constraints. This approach enables simulation of waiting times, resource utilization, and the efficiency of priority allocation, thereby supporting decision-making processes in crisis management.

3

Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on marketing strategies employed by cruise operating companies

Nowosielski Tomasz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2025

|

z. 227

155--165

EN

Purpose: The aim of this article is to identify and compare marketing strategies which have been employed by cruise shipping companies before the pandemic, during the crisis and currently, after the revival of the market. Design/methodology/approach: The following methodology has been employed in this article: observation, individual case studies, analysis and critique of sources and statistical methods based on secondary sources of statistics. These methods have been helpful in characterizing the phenomenon of sea-cruises, analysing the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the maritime tourism industry market and identifying marketing strategies employed by companies operating cruise ships. The character of this article is theoretical, based on the use of various studies pertaining to the analysed issues. Findings: The article explores the models of marketing strategies used by companies operating cruise ships and compares these strategies in various marketing conditions. Research limitations/implications The primary limitation is the use of analysis and critique methodology and relying on secondary statistical sources. Studies in the future may include observation of individual operating companies and the impact of those enterprises on the tourist markets. Originality/value: The article presents results of research on the phenomenon of maritime tourism which are well-recognized in Poland, although not widely known around the world. The article is addressed to tourism industry entrepreneurs and students.

4

The effects of leadership talent management on the company performance results

Haromszeki Łukasz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 191

195--215

EN

Purpose: Leadership talent management (LTM) is one of the crucial aspects of HRM nowadays, which can decide of an organization success. This effect is considered in four types of contexts, i.e. in the headquarters (HQs) of multinational companies (MNCs) in the pre-pandemic and pandemic period of COVID-19, and in the foreign subsidiaries of these MNCs also in the pre-pandemic and pandemic period of COVID-19. The main goal of the article, identified with the main research problem, is to determine the mediating role of HRM outcomes in the relationships between LTM and company performance results and to establish whether there are any identifiable regularities in this scope in the pre-pandemic and pandemic period of COVID-19 in the HQs and foreign subsidiaries of MNCs. Design/methodology/approach: The research sample covered 200 nonfinancial business entities headquartered in a Central European country with their subsidiaries located around the World. The research was conducted using Computer Aided Telephone Interview method. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to verify the research hypotheses and assess the mediating effects. Findings: What was found in the course of the work? This will refer to analysis, discussion, or results. The mediating role of HRM outcomes in the relationships between LTM and the company performance results has been determined and some regularities in this scope in the pre-pandemic and pandemic period of COVID-19 in the HQs and foreign subsidiaries of MNCs have been identified. The mediating role of HRM outcomes is important in each of analyzed contexts, but during a pandemic, the company's performance results in HRM mediate the relationships between LTM and the company's performance results stronger than in the pre-pandemic time. Practical implications: The research outcomes lead to the conclusion that in difficult conditions the specific focus on HRM can be an important factor improving the company’s performance results. Originality/value: What is new in the paper? State the value of the paper and to whom it is addressed. The research is of an innovative character, identifies some general scientific laws and describes the aspects that haven’t been studied yet. The originality of own research focused on LTM, mediating role of HRM outcomes in HQs and foreign entities of MNCs are difficult to compare with similar studies. In addition, the article presents an innovative approach to taking into account employee KPIs as an indicator of performance.

5

The dynamics of participation of experience modules and experiences in the organisation’s narrative with employees

Lipka Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 200

229--238

EN

Purpose: Creating - through an appropriate organisational narrative - positive experiences and experiences for employees is an important instrument for their acquisition and longer retention in the organisation. The aim of the article is, firstly, to verify the degree of uniform presence of the sensory, emotional, intellectual, behavioral and relational module in this narrative, and, secondly, to determine whether the content of these modules changes under the influence of contextual changes. Design/methodology/approach: As part of the research investigation, the content of 520 pieces of information provided on websites by a purposively selected organisation for 2000 and 2023 was analysed and evaluated (using an attendance analysis, as well as a diversity index and an equal distribution deviation index). Conclusions were related to the degree of satisfaction of various needs of employees. Findings: It was confirmed that all modules of experience and encounters were present in the organisation's narrative with employees. It also emerged that the content of these modules is influenced not so much by the changing context of the organization's functioning as by general social trends (performatization, cultural narcissism). Study limitations: The study was limited to one organization. Limitations also relate to the ambiguity that exists in some cases in attributing information to modules of experiences and experiences. Practical implications: The results can be used in programming the content provided to employees and in improving the conduct of analyses of the extent to which their needs are met. Originality/value: the proposed way of investigating the extent to which the diverse needs of employees are met is original. Conclusions about the non-dominant impact of the pandemic and post-pandemic context on the content provided to employees may be surprising.

6

Long-term comparative effects of the covid-19 pandemic on supply chains in Poland, Georgia and Turkey

Sikora Marek, Kikoria Giga, Sanikidze Zezva, Çetingüç Başak, Rybacka Oliwia

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 193

463--487

EN

Purpose: This paper explores the enduring repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on global supply chains by investigating the experiences and adaptations of organizations in Poland, Georgia, and Turkey. It seeks to provide valuable insights into the long-term implications of the pandemic on supply chain management, with a focus on strategies and challenges faced by businesses in different regions. Design/Methodology/Approach: We conducted an extensive study utilizing an online questionnaire to gather primary data from a diverse sample of organizations in Poland, Georgia, and Turkey. This research approach is quantitative and comprehensively assess the pandemic's impact on supply chains. We analysed responses from a range of industries, enabling a holistic understanding of the topic. In addition to descriptive analysis, we conducted a comparative examination of the three countries using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) to assess any significant differences among them. Furthermore, we employed Cramér's V, a robust statistical measure, to investigate associations between categorical variables within the dataset Findings: The research reveals that the outcomes in three distinct countries are surprisingly similar, contrary to initial expectations. The majority of the proposed COVID-19 factors exhibit no statistically significant distinctions among Poland, Georgia, and Turkey. Consequently, we can infer that the COVID-19 pandemic exerted a considerable and widespread impact on the entities under consideration. Research Limitations: Despite our efforts to gather a representative sample, the study may not encompass all industries and organizations equally. Additionally, the research is subject to the limitations of self-reported data and potential bias in responses. The focus on specific regions may not capture the entirety of global supply chain dynamics. Practical Implications: This research provides practical insights for organizations navigating supply chain challenges in a post-pandemic world. It offers guidance on building resilient and adaptable supply chains and managing risks effectively. Businesses can use these insights to make informed decisions and enhance their supply chain strategies. Originality/Value: Drawing from our own research conducted in three countries after the official conclusion of the pandemic, this study adds a distinctive contribution to the current body of literature. It takes a long-term perspective on the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on supply chains, specifically emphasizing diverse regions. The employed methodology and regional comparisons offer a nuanced insight into the dynamic evolution of the supply chain landscape, underscoring the importance of adaptability and resilience. In contrast to various studies conducted at the onset and during the pandemic, this paper uniquely seeks to discern the enduring effects.

7

Impact of global crisis on REER fluctuations - pre-inflation-pandemic assessment

Mierzejewski Mateusz, Prażmowski Mikołaj

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 198

309--326

EN

Purpose: This paper examines the impact of global crises, including the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), the COVID-19 pandemic, and the subsequent inflation crisis, on the fluctuations of the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER). The cyclicality of REER has been examined as influenced by economic shocks, highlighting how pandemic-induced economic disruptions have reshaped REER dynamics differently from the more financially triggered fluctuations of the Global Financial Crisis. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology employs a comparative spectral analysis approach, utilizing time-series data to track REER movements across various countries. Findings: The findings indicate that the GFC and the COVID-19 pandemic led to shortening periods of cyclicality. Moreover, there has been a noticeable improvement in the synchronization of REER movements post-GFC, suggesting that economies may converge in their responses to global economic shocks. This convergence implies a potential stabilization of exchange rate movements in the face of future crises, underlining the importance of coordinated monetary policies. Research limitations/implications: To model the REER index, one can use also classical analytical methods such as VAR models, where macroeconomic factors can serve as variables. In spectral analysis itself, other filters like the Hodrick-Prescott filter or applying a spectral window can be used. Practical implications: The conducted study implies an improvement in synchronization among financial systems, with this knowledge, more appropriate and rational monetary decisions can be made, and private entities can better employ hedging strategies against currency exchange rate fluctuations. The study also aids in identifying inflationary pressures and the impact of the global financial system on the inflation index in individual countries. Originality/value: The methods used in the article represent an innovative approach to modeling the REER index, providing new insights into the cyclicality of the index and the shortening periods of its occurrence. The article is addressed both to researchers in this field and to individuals involved with the monetary system and those working in the financial industry.

8

Assessment of the financial situation of selected companies of the Polish sugar industry 2016-2022

Firlej Chrystian, Zuzek Dagmara, Luty Lidia, Firlej Krzysztof Adam

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

|

z. 195

121--140

EN

Purpose: The main objective of the article is to analyze and evaluate the financial situation of selected companies operating in the sugar industry and belonging to the WIG Food index for the years 2016-2022. The secondary objective is to verify the relationship (correlation) between financial liquidity and company profitability and to try to indicate the direction of this relationship if it occurs. Design/methodology/approach: The article uses a literature review, analysis of financial data from the financial reporting of companies using statistical methods. Four models of multidimensional discriminant analysis were applied (model D. Hadasik, model J. Gajdka and D. Stos, D. Wierzba and the 'Poznań' model). The analysis was extended to the calculation of three financial liquidity ratios and three profitability ratios of the company. Data from 2016-2022 were analysed in order to illustrate how the situation of the selected companies developed in the period before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: All the analysed companies were in a good financial position during the analysed period. The most rigorous multivariate discriminant analysis models were those of J. Gajdka and D. Stos and D. Wierzba, which indicated deteriorating financial performance in selected years. Moreover, the analysed companies were characterised by high liquidity and profitability in 2016-2022. Only ZPC Otmuchów SA achieved negative values of profitability indicators in the analysed period, which was a result of negative net profit. Practical implications: A practical application of the presented research could be to draw the attention of companies operating in the food industry to methods of assessing their financial health using appropriate tools and to verify the relationship between liquidity and profitability in these companies. Originality/value: The article presents an analysis and evaluation of the financial condition of selected companies from the WIG Food index. Correlation analysis was used, and the reasons for the financial performance are indicated.

9

Analysis of the suburban real estate market in the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Witek Paulina, Jakubiak Mateusz, Hubar Yurii, Maciuk Kamil

Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddział PAN w Krakowie

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2024

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T. 52/1

411--419

EN

The aim of this study was to analyse the real estate market in the Kraków County area during the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 pandemic periods. The study utilized a dataset from the state register of real estate prices covering the years 2017–2021 was used. In the introduction part, the authors analyse problems related to the real estate market during the pandemic, while the second chapter focuses on the real estate market in Krakow County. The dataset obtained from the local authority real estate transaction database consisted of 52,356 entries and after removing transactions with missing data, approximately half of this number remained. The analysis cover five different properties types: houses, apartments, parcels, commercial premisses and developed real estates. The highest number of transactions traded in the analysed area involved parcels, while houses had the lowest. On the other hand, commercial premisses had the highest prices in the market, while parcels were the cheapest. Since March 2020, when the first COVID-19 pandemic restrictions were implemented, only the number of transactions has decreased, but the pandemic has had no impact on property prices.

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza rynku nieruchomości na terenie powiatu krakowskiego w okresie przed pandemią COVID-19 oraz w trakcie pandemii. W badaniu wykorzystano dane z państwowego rejestru cen nieruchomości obejmujące lata 2017–2021. W części wprowadzającej autorzy dokonali analizy problemów związanych z rynkiem nieruchomości w okresie pandemii, uwzględniając także rynek nieruchomości w powiecie krakowskim. Zbiór danych pozyskanych z urzędu obejmował 52 356 transakcji, a po usunięciu pozycji z brakującymi danymi, które analizowano, uzyskano około połowę tej liczby. Analiza obejmowała pięć różnych typów nieruchomości: domy, mieszkania, działki, lokale użytkowe oraz nieruchomości zabudowane. Największa liczba transakcji na analizowanym obszarze dotyczyła działek, natomiast najmniejsza domów. W przypadku cen lokale komercyjne miały najwyższe ceny za metr kwadratowy, podczas gdy działki były najtańsze. Od marca 2020 roku, kiedy wprowadzono pierwsze obostrzenia związane z pandemią COVID-19, spadła dynamika liczby transakcji, co było widoczne w roku 2021. Pandemia nie miała natomiast wpływu na ceny nieruchomości, których trend wzrostowy nie uległ zmianie.

10

Transport in the tourist services sector in Poland during the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic

Sobczuk Sebastian

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Transport

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2024

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z. 138

5--18

EN

Transport plays an essential role in the country's socio-economic development, as it enables efficient functioning of individual sectors of the economy. It is a factor enhancing the development of many areas of life, including tourist travel. A characteristic feature of tourism is the movement of people to places of attractive value. Therefore, transport is necessary for its existence. The tourist industry has been severely affected by the spread of COVID-19. The crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic has weakened the condition of the tourist services sector and affected transport. The article aims to reveal the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the transport sector concerning changes in tourist transport passengers. Data on tourist traffic in Poland was used in this publication. It has been shown that the weakening of tourism significantly translated into changes in the number of passengers traveling. The decrease in the number of people transported mainly affected air and road transport; however, more minor differences were observed in transport based on rail, sea, and inland waterways. The decrease in the number of recorded tourist trips was reflected in the shares of individual transport modes in passenger transport. In response to the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, travelers' preferences changed regarding their means of transport. Since mid-2021, tourism has been returning to the path of positive development, noticeable in domestic and foreign travel.

11

Dezinformacja na temat COVID-19 w mediach społecznościowych a kryzys epistemiczny. Przegląd problemów

Barański Jarosław, Smereka Jacek

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2024

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T. 69, nr 2

9--32

EN

The text considers several critical issues related to the role of false information in the COVID-19 pandemic. It mainly focuses on social media, which often resemble echo chambers responsible for disseminating disinformation. In these echo chambers, users close themselves off from arguments and justifications different from their own, often with a strong tendency towards polarization of views and attitudes. A particular case of echo chambers is the conspiracy mentality propagated in social media, promoting conspirational beliefs about COVID-19, which, besides offering an alternative understanding of reality, deepens distrust towards epistemic authorities and methods of producing scientific knowledge. This indicates an epistemic crisis as a consequence of the pandemic, which must be addressed in order to rebuild and protect epistemic trust. The authors conclude that the consequence of this crisis is a regression of cognitive abilities, which may, in a feedback loop, exacerbate the epistemic crisis.

12

Konsekwencje pandemii COVID-19: perspektywa logistyki w polskich przedsiębiorstwach. Cz. II

Gąsowska Magdalena K.

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2024

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nr 2

12--23

PL

Artykuł stanowi drugą część opracowania, którego celem jest przedstawienie wpływu pandemii COVID-19 na logistykę na przykładzie wybranych polskich przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych, handlowych i usługowych. Dokonano w nim pogłębionej analizy wyników własnych badań empirycznych. Prezentowane w opracowaniu wyniki są efektem bardziej obszernych badań, dotyczących zarządzania procesami logistycznymi w polskich przedsiębiorstwach produkcyjnych, handlowych i usługowych w latach 2019–2021 w kontekście kształtowania wyników przedsiębiorstwa. Badania przeprowadzono w 2022 r. wśród 335 losowo wybranych małych, średnich i dużych polskich przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych, handlowych i usługowych. Na podstawie badań stwierdzono, że pandemia COVID-19 miała ogromny wpływ na logistykę we wszystkich badanych przedsiębiorstwach w latach 2020–2021. Zmiany uwarunkowań logistyki spowodowane pandemią nałożyły się na determinanty logistyki współczesnych przedsiębiorstw przed pandemią. Strategiczne i operacyjne zarządzanie procesami logistycznymi coraz bardziej determinowało wyniki ekonomiczne i rynkowe najlepszych badanych przedsiębiorstw w czasie pandemii COVID-19. Przedsiębiorstwa osiągające najlepsze wyniki w czasie pandemii realizowały strategię zarządzania łańcuchem dostaw, będącą w ciągłym stadium tworzenia, kształtowania się, charakteryzującą się błyskawiczną reakcją na zmieniające się wymagania klientów, warunki otoczenia oraz działania konkurentów, przy respektowaniu zasad zrównoważonego rozwoju. Najbardziej skuteczni menedżerowie logistyki w czasie pandemii podejmowali szybkie działania umożliwiające ograniczenie prawdopodobieństwa zakłóceń, zmniejszenie dotkliwości skutków zaistniałych zdarzeń oraz kreowanie i utrzymanie przewag konkurencyjnych przedsiębiorstw.

EN

The article constitutes the second part of the study, the aim of which is to present the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on logistics on the example of selected Polish manufacturing, trade and service enterprises. It includes an in-depth analysis of the results of the author's own empirical research. The results of own empirical research presented in the study constitute the effects of more extensive research on an indepth analysis of the logistics process management in Polish manufacturing, trade and service enterprises in 2019–2021 in the context of shaping enterprise results. The research was conducted in 2022 among 335 randomly selected small, medium and large Polish manufacturing, trade and service enterprises. As a result of the research, it was found that the COVID-19 pandemic had a huge influence on logistics in all surveyed enterprises in 2020–2021. Changes in logistics conditions caused by the pandemic overlapped with the logistics determinants of contemporary enterprises before the pandemic. Strategic and operational management of logistics processes increasingly determined the economic and market results of the best surveyed enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic. Enterprises achieving the best results during the pandemic implemented the supply chain management strategy that was in a constant state of creation and development, characterized by an immediate response to changing customer requirements, environmental conditions and competitors' activities, respecting, at the same time, the principles of sustainable development. During the pandemic, the most effective logistics managers took quick actions so as to reduce the likelihood of disruption, decrease the severity of the effects of events, and create and maintain competitive advantages of their enterprises.

13

Konsekwencje pandemii COVID-19: perspektywa logistyki w polskich przedsiębiorstwach. Cz. I

Gąsowska Magdalena K.

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2024

|

nr 1

2--14

PL

Artykuł stanowi pierwszą część opracowania, którego celem jest przedstawienie wpływu pandemii COVID-19 na logistykę na przykładzie wybranych polskich przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych, handlowych i usługowych. Artykuł powstał na podstawie studiów literatury oraz własnych badań empirycznych. Badania przeprowadzono w 2022 r. wśród 335 losowo wybranych małych, średnich i dużych polskich przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych, handlowych i usługowych. W wyniku badań stwierdzono, że pandemia COVID-19 miała ogromny wpływ na logistykę we wszystkich badanych przedsiębiorstwach w latach 2020–2021. Zmiany uwarunkowań logistyki spowodowane pandemią nałożyły się na determinanty logistyki współczesnych przedsiębiorstw przed pandemią. Strategiczne i operacyjne zarządzanie procesami logistycznymi coraz bardziej determinowało wyniki ekonomiczne i rynkowe najlepszych badanych przedsiębiorstw w czasie pandemii COVID-19. Przedsiębiorstwa osiągające najlepsze wyniki w czasie pandemii realizowały strategię zarządzania łańcuchem dostaw, będącą w ciągłym stadium tworzenia, kształtowania się, charakteryzującą się błyskawiczną reakcją na zmieniające się wymagania klientów, warunki otoczenia oraz działania konkurentów, przy respektowaniu zasad zrównoważonego rozwoju. Najbardziej skuteczni menedżerowie logistyki w czasie pandemii podejmowali szybkie działania umożliwiające ograniczenie prawdopodobieństwa zakłócenia, zmniejszenie dotkliwości skutków zaistniałych zdarzeń oraz kreowanie i utrzymanie przewag konkurencyjnych przedsiębiorstw.

EN

The article constitutes the first part of the study, the aim of which is to present the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on logistics on the example of selected Polish manufacturing, trade and service enterprises. The article is based on the study of literature and own empirical research. The research was conducted in 2022 among 335 randomly selected small, medium and large Polish manufacturing, trade and service enterprises. As a result of the research, it was found that the COVID-19 pandemic had a huge influence on logistics in all surveyed enterprises in 2020–2021. Changes in logistics conditions caused by the pandemic overlapped with the logistics determinants of contemporary enterprises before the pandemic. Strategic and operational management of logistics processes increasingly determined the economic and market results of the best surveyed enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic. Enterprises achieving the best results during the pandemic implemented the supply chain management strategy that was in a constant state of creation and development, characterized by an immediate response to changing customer requirements, environmental conditions and competitors' activities, respecting, at the same time, the principles of sustainable development. During the pandemic, the most effective logistics managers took quick actions so as to reduce the likelihood of disruption, decrease the severity of the effects of events, and create and maintain competitive advantages of their enterprises.

14

Estimation of social costs resulting from mobility changes caused by COVID-19 pandemic

Brzeziński Andrzej, Dybicz Tomasz, Jesionkiewicz-Niedzińska Karolina, Olszewski Piotr, Osińska Beata, Szagała Piotr, Szymański Łukasz

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 70, nr 3

257--274

EN

The COVD-19 pandemic has changed the mobility patterns of city dwellers worldwide. These changes apply to the number of trips made, their durations and directions as well as transport modes chosen for travelling purposes. In general, although the number of trips decreased, the use of cars increased and that of public transport declined. These mobility changes were induced by the fear of travelling in crowded vehicles and the extent of restrictions introduced by the governments. The effects of such changes are hard to assess and their evaluation is a complex issue. Based on data available about the transportation system in Warsaw and analysis of Big Data (comprising SIM card movements, acquired from mobile phone network operators), a research project has been carried out under the “IDUB against COVID-19” programme. Transportation models had been built which enabled estimation of the number of trips made at each stage of the pandemic in the spring 2020 and identification of differences through comparison with the models developed for the pre-pandemic conditions (year 2019). The calculations enabled assessment of the social costs of the pandemic associated with the urban transportation system, brought about mostly by changes in using private and public transport modes. The cost efficiency of public transport decreased as a result of limits on the number of passengers per vehicle introduced by transport authorities.

PL

Pandemia Covid-19 wywołała wiele zmian w funkcjonowaniu gospodarki oraz życia społecznego. Dotyczyło to w dużej mierze transportu, zarówno indywidualnego, jak i zbiorowego. Zmieniły się wzorce mobilności mieszkańców miast na całym świecie. Zmiany te dotyczyły liczby odbytych przejazdów, czasu ich trwania i kierunków, a także wybieranych środków transportu. Zmiany mobilności były powodowane strachem przed podróżowaniem w zatłoczonych pojazdach i zakresem ograniczeń wprowadzonych przez rządy. Skutki takich zmian są trudne do oszacowania, a ich ocena jest zagadnieniem złożonym. W ramach pracy badawczej „Method of assessing the social impact of changes in personal mobility in an epidemic state together with tools to support transport management” będącej częścią programu „IDUB against COVID” realizowanego w Politechnice Warszawskiej podjęto próbę zbudowania modeli obliczeniowych odwzorowujących zachowania transportowe sprzed i w czasie pandemii. To z kolei umożliwiło oszacowanie wielkości zmian kosztów społecznych pandemii, przy zastosowaniu standardowej metodyki wykorzystywanej w analizach kosztów i korzyści społecznych (AKK), z dostosowaniem jej do charakteru i zakresu danych, którymi dysponowano. Porównano dwa okresy funkcjonowania systemu transportowego: rok 2019, traktując go jako okres odniesienia przed pandemią, z okresem pandemii, wiosną 2020 (sytuacja po wprowadzeniu obostrzeń). Ze względu na konieczność badania porównywalnych sytuacji, w analizach obu okresów opracowano multimodalne (ruch samochodowy i transport zbiorowy) modele podróży dla Warszawy dla godziny szczytu porannego. Tworząc modele posługiwano się dostępnymi danymi o sieci transportowej oraz pomiarami ruchu, uzupełnianymi danymi o przemieszczeniach kart SIM, pozyskanymi od operatora telefonii komórkowej. Obliczenia pozwoliły ocenić koszty społeczne pandemii związane z systemem transportu miejskiego, spowodowane głównie zmianami w korzystaniu z transportu prywatnego i publicznego. Przeprowadzone analizy potwierdziły, że w efekcie wprowadzonych obostrzeń w mobilności oraz zmian zachowań komunikacyjnych nastąpiło ogólne zmniejszenie liczby podróży, co w konsekwencji doprowadziło do zmniejszenia prac przewozowych mierzonych w pojazdo-km i pojazdo-godz. Zmiany te obliczano jako różnice pomiędzy fazą pandemii a okresem odniesienia (ten sam okres rok wcześniej). Umożliwiło to wyznaczenie korzyści użytkowników stanowiących redukcję kosztów: czasu pasażerów, eksploatacji pojazdów, wypadków, zanieczyszczenia powietrza, zmian klimatycznych i oddziaływania hałasu.

15

Therapeutic gardens for oncology hospital. Architectural students proposals to alleviate stress in healthcare environment created during the Covid-19 pandemic

Trojanowska Monika

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2024

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Vol. 17, no. 2

47--67

EN

The stress in the healthcare environment is a heavy burden on the hospital staff, the caregivers, and the patients. One of the methods to alleviate stress in the hospital environment is a therapeutic garden. This paper presents the proposals for therapeutic gardens for an oncology hospital in Bydgoszcz prepared by the students of Architecture at the University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz in the spring of 2020 and 2021. The Design Studio was organized remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic (Emergency Remote Teaching), which might have influenced the design proposals. Each of the students worked individually from home. The final projects were presented online, and the internauts (students, staff, patients, inhabitants, whoever was concerned) voted for the best solutions. The results of the architectural competition may serve as a ground for discussion about Emergency Remote Teaching and the possible evolution of therapeutic gardens after COVID-19.

16

Wpływ nauczania w formie zdalnej w pandemii COVID-19 na motywację do nauki studentów uczelni wyższych w kontekście teorii A. Maslowa

Grzelczak Agnieszka Urszula, Smektała Natalia, Sobczyk Paulina

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie

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2023

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Nr 87

83--101

PL

Pandemia COVID-19 spowodowała ogromne zmiany w funkcjonowaniu społeczeństw oraz wpłynęła na wiele aspektów życia, w tym na szkolnictwo wyższe. Wprowadzone po wybuchu pandemii obostrzenia zmusiły także wyższe uczelnie do przejścia na zdalną formę nauczania. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie wyników badań dotyczących tego, w jaki sposób nauczanie zdalne wpłynęło na motywację studentów do nauki, a także jak zmieniło się postrzeganie tej formy kształcenia po powrocie do nauczania stacjonarnego. Celem nie było jednak samo ustalenie faktu, ale oprócz tego poznanie opinii badanych w tym temacie w kontekście piramidy potrzeb A. Maslowa. Do badań wykorzystana została metoda badań ankietowych, czyli technika CAWI. Badana populacja składała się z 415 respondentów – studentów uczelni. Badania przeprowadzono w grudniu 2022 r., kiedy to studenci po półtorarocznej nauce w formie zdalnej powrócili do nauki w murach uczelni. Dobór próby był losowy. Wyniki badań pokazują, że studenci uznali formę zdalną zajęć za niekorzystnie wpływającą na motywację do nauki. Po dokonaniu szczegółowej analizy przeprowadzonych badań w kontekście piramidy potrzeb A. Maslowa opracowano propozycje udoskonalenia nauczania w formie zdalnej. Na każdym z poziomów zaproponowano wskazówki, które mogą przydatne w ulepszeniu tej formy kształcenia.

EN

The COVID-19 pandemic caused huge changes in the functioning of societies and affected many aspects of life, including higher education. The restrictions introduced after the outbreak of the pandemic have also forced higher education institutions to switch to a remote form of teaching. The aim of this article is to present the results of a study on whether and how distance learning has affected students' motivation to learn, and how perceptions of this form of education have changed after the return to full-time teaching. However, the aim was not only to establish this fact, but also to find out the opinions of the respondents on this topic in the context of A. Maslow's pyramid of needs. The survey research method used for the study was the CAWI technique. The surveyed population consisted of 415 respondents – university students. The research was conducted in December 2022, when the students returned to study within the walls of the university after a year and a half of studying remotely. The sample selection was random. The results of the study show that students considered the remote form of classes as having a negative impact on their motivation to study. After a detailed analysis of the conducted research in the context of A. Maslow's pyramid of needs, proposals were developed for the improvement of remote learning. At each level, factors and aspects were proposed that could be a guide to improving this form of education.

17

Impact of the pandemic on business operations and the transport sector in Poland

Olejniczak Karolina Anna, Dębicka Anna, Krawczyk Klaudia, Hoffmann Marta

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie

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2023

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Nr 88

127--142

EN

In supply chain management, random events can occur that are difficult to predict. Once such event, the COVID-19 pandemic, affected supply chains around the world and forced companies to make sudden changes. Companies could still operate and deliver their products to customers through innovation, but also through the flexibility and innovation of transport enterprises. In the last two decades, the Polish transport industry has gained importance in the European Union. The main objective of this paper is to determine the specification of business operations under pandemic conditions, assess the impact of the pandemic on international transport SMEs in Poland, and then identify key challenges for the industry from the point of view of entrepreneurs. To this end, a literature review, desk research and snowball sampling were carried out towards the end of 2021 and beginning of 2022. The research results show that changes in the organisation of supply chains, diversification, changes in demand and other effects of the pandemic have had a positive impact on the operations of some transport companies in Poland, and the larger the company, the more these changes have been used in a positive way for the business operations of transport. This seems to be confirmed by statistical data. The biggest beneficiaries of the changes seemed to have been medium-sized and large companies. Micro enterprises, on the other hand, most often assessed the impact of the pandemic negatively. In addition, the challenges relating to the amount of fines in transport, indicated most often in our survey by the entrepreneurs, certainly also hit the micro-enterprises the hardest.

PL

W zarządzaniu łańcuchem dostaw mogą wystąpić zdarzenia losowe, które trudno przewidzieć. Pandemia dotknęła łańcuchy dostaw na całym świecie i zmusiła firmy do nagłych zmian. Firmy nadal mogą działać i dostarczać swoje produkty klientom dzięki innowacyjności, ale także elastyczności i innowacyjności przedsiębiorstw transportowych. W ciągu ostatnich dwóch dekad polska branża transportowa zyskała na znaczeniu w Unii Europejskiej. Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest określenie specyfiki funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstw w warunkach pandemii, ocena wpływu pandemii na MŚP transportu międzynarodowego w Polsce, a następnie identyfikacja kluczowych wyzwań dla branży z punktu widzenia przedsiębiorców. Korzystano z przeglądu literatury, desk research i badania metodą kuli śniegowej przeprowadzonego na przełomie 2021 i 2022 r. Wyniki badań pokazują, że zmiany w organizacji łańcuchów dostaw, dywersyfikacja, zmiany popytu i inne skutki pandemii pozytywnie wpływają na działalności niektórych firm transportowych w Polsce, a im większa firma, tym bardziej te zmiany są wykorzystywane w pozytywny sposób w działalności firm transportowych. Wydaje się, że potwierdzają to także dane statystyczne. Największymi beneficjentami zmian wydają się być firmy średnie i duże. Mikroprzedsiębiorstwa najczęściej negatywnie oceniają wpływ pandemii. Najczęściej wskazywane przez przedsiębiorców wyzwania związane z wysokością kar w transporcie z pewnością również są bardzo odczuwane przez mikroprzedsiębiorstwa.

18

Using automatization and digitization measures to support business continuity of enterprises in the Covid-19 pandemic

Kosieradzka Anna, Smagowicz Justyna, Szwed Cezary

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 175

227--250

EN

Purpose: The paper aims to identify how and where elements of digital transformation of activities implemented in enterprises can increase the resilience of the production system to pandemic threats. Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents the selected results of a survey conducted using the mixed-mode CATI and CAWI on a representative group of 600 manufacturing enterprises in Poland. An analysis of measures used in the case of COVID-19 infections in the company to support business continuity and enhance resilience was carried out. A quantitative evaluation of the collected data, oriented to identify the level of application of emergency response measures, was conducted, including the support of statistical tools (Statistica software). Findings: The study identified dozens of different measures implemented in manufacturing enterprises. Among the measures studied, there were those related to automation and digitalization of activities in the organization of production processes. The data analysis showed that there were significant correlations between the type of measures used, as well as the characteristics of the enterprises, and the production processes implemented in them. Research limitations/implications: Future studies should also include companies with a high degree of automation and digitization of production. In addition to descriptive analysis, a quantitative-statistical approach should be used. Practical implications: On the practical side, it was pointed out how and where elements of digital transformation of activities implemented in enterprises can increase the resilience of the production system to pandemic threats. Digitization and automation measures should be used by managers to support the implementation of production processes also in the context of improving the efficiency of enterprises. Social implications: Enterprises can use the study results to improve business continuity policies and preparing for threats similar to the COVID-19 pandemic. Originality/value: The novelty of the survey is the comprehensive assessment of the use of solutions from the ICT area in manufacturing enterprises, analyzed in different cross sections (size, industry, occurrence of the COVID-19 case).

19

Impact of the covid-19 pandemic on the choice of investment strategies and investors' behavior on the Warsaw stock exchange – 2017-2020 research findings

Jabłoński Bartłomiej, Kika Dorota

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 170

145--162

EN

Purpose: This paper attempts to reveal the potential differences between the portfolios of dividend-paying companies with growth or value potential and the same portfolios fortified with the financial instruments replicating precious metals or real estate price behavior in a turbulent global economy. Design/methodology/approach: The research objective of this paper is accomplished by means of a thorough literature analysis. Moreover, the authors employ comparative analysis methods to explore the features of stock portfolios held by dividend-paying companies with value or growth potential and portfolios of the companies that are fortified with financial instruments replicating the price behavior of precious metals or real estate and uncover the similarities and differences. Research of the characteristics of financial instrument portfolio variants and comparison between them is conducted by means of standard deviation of the rate of return, coefficient of variation, the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. It was also assessed whether the estimated correlation coefficients were statistically significant through the use of a non-parametric correlation coefficient significance test. Findings: The results of the empirical analyses conducted here reveal that the average annual return of portfolios held by dividend-paying companies with value and growth potential is lower than ETFs replicating precious metals. Furthermore, during the turbulent economy of 2020, the inclusion of precious metal assets boosted the rates of return of the Polish dividend-paying companies portfolios. Research limitations/implications: The research was carried out on a limited number of the analyzed companies. Therefore, it could be biased, due to the deterministic stock sampling method. Practical implications: Knowledge of the similarities and differences between dividend-paying companies with value or growth potential and the risk diversification of such companies’ stock portfolios by means of instruments replicating the price behavior of precious metals or real estate is of great importance to both the investors and investment funds' boards. Consequently, one can make better investment decisions. Social implications: Among the paper's social implications, the most important appears to be a possible change in the investors' attitude towards dividend-paying companies with value potential and financial instruments replicating the price behavior of precious metals or real estate. Ultimately, investors’ needs could be better addressed. Originality/value: What is new in the paper is the stock comparison of dividend-paying companies' with value and growth potential with precious metals and real estate-based instruments. The paper also attempts to compare efficiency of investing in the portfolio variants, capturing the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, thereby filling our knowledge gap.

20

Analysis of urban transport in the period before and during the Covid-19 pandemic – a case study

Olkiewicz Marcin, Dyczkowska Joanna, Olkiewicz Anna

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 176

453--473

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to analyze and evaluate public transportation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: The research problem is to what extent the operations of a public transportation company changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Main hypothesis: actions taken by the urban transportation company caused positive changes in transportation operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method used in the article is a case study, analysis of internal company data and method of a document examination. Findings: At Miejski Zaklad Transportu Sp. z o.o. (MZK) Koszalin (MTC) during the COVID-19 pandemic, current liabilities increased to 9,392.51 thousand PLN in 2019 and decreased by 26.49 percent in 2020 during the pandemic, and operating expenses decreased by 4.91 percent, including material and energy consumption by 18.49 percent. The level of inventories remained constant. Due to increased losses of 67.97 percent Research limitations/implications: Difficult access to data/extension of the research period. Practical implications: The company took measures for passenger’s safety like purchasing ticket machines. It is necessary to continuously modify existing lines and launch four new lines to three neighboring municipalities. Social implications: Increasing safety and accessibility for passengers, improving the quality of life of residents. Originality/value: The article shows the phenomenon and scale of public transport in the era of a pandemic. Similar situations may occur with other social, economic or geopolitical threats (crises).