Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Ocena stosowania środków ochrony indywidualnej przez strażaków podczas pożarów na terenach otwartych - wyniki badań ankietowych

Okrasa Małgorzata, Cichowlas Małgorzata, Kucmin Łukasz, Kowalczyk Przemysław, Jonio Tomasz

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2025

|

nr 12

18-24

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań ankietowych, których celem było uzyskanie szczegółowych informacji dotyczących doświadczeń i opinii strażaków na temat stosowania środków ochrony indywidualnej (ŚOI) podczas gaszenia pożarów na terenach otwartych oraz działań towarzyszących. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono sprzętowi ochrony układu oddechowego (SOUO), ponieważ od jego skuteczności, komfortu użytkowania, dopasowania i niezawodności zależy bezpieczeństwo ratowników. Analizie poddano 1501 wypełnionych kwestionariuszy uzyskanych z jednostek Państwowej Straży Pożarnej (PSP). Wyniki wskazują, że najczęściej zgłaszanymi przez strażaków problemami są: niewystarczający komfort użytkowania i duża masa ŚOI, niedobory sprzętu lub jego niska jakość. Większość strażaków uznaje dostępne wyposażenie za skuteczne, jednak odnotowano również przypadki jego zawodności. Znaczącym czynnikiem wpływającym na percepcję skuteczności i dopasowania ŚOI okazał się poziom przeszkolenia użytkowników. Wyniki badań posłużyły do sformułowania rekomendacji w zakresie konstrukcji, eksploatacji i oceny ŚOI, w tym procedur dotyczących SOUO, co może się przyczynić do poprawy bezpieczeństwa podczas działań ratowniczych.

EN

The article presents the results of a survey, the aim of which was to obtain detailed information on the experiences and opinions of firefighters on the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) when extinguishing fires in open areas and during accompanying activities. Particular attention was paid to respiratory protective equipment (RPE), as rescuers' safety depends on its effectiveness, comfort of use, fit, and reliability. 1,501 completed questionnaires obtained from State Fire Service (PSP) units were analyzed. The results indicate that the most frequently reported problems by firefighters include: insufficient comfort and the high weight of PPE, as well as equipment shortages or poor quality. While most firefighters consider their equipment effective, cases of equipment failure were also reported. The level of user training proved to be a significant factor influencing the perception of PPE effectiveness and fit. The study results were used to formulate recommendations for PPE design, use, and evaluation, including procedures for RPE, which can contribute to improved safety during rescue operations.

2

Vibration analysis of a MacPherson type suspension system

Georgiev Zlatin, Kunchev Lilo

Transport Problems

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2024

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T. 19, z. 3

193--202

EN

The road surface disturbs the pneumatic tyre in the contact patch withdifferent frequencies. The disturbing frequency depends on the speed of the vehicle andthe wavelength of the road irregularities. In the current study, the propagation of thevibrations created at the contact patch through the suspension is presented. The oscillationsare transmitted to the car body through the rubber mounts and the support joints. Whenthese vibrations reach body panels (roof and floor panels, windows, etc.), they aretransmitted to the air and, thus, the structure-borne noise in the passenger compartment iscreated. The structure-borne noise defines the vehicle comfort for the frequency range upto 400 Hz. The main task of noise, vibration, and harshness engineers is to avoid couplingbetween tyre and chassis elements’ natural modes, which significantly increases the levelof structural noise in the passenger compartment. The accelerations of the oscillations weremeasured for different points of the suspension and the car body. The measurements weretaken for two sets of tyres (summer and winter) of the same size and mounted on the samerims. The disturbing frequency was in the range of the tyre’s natural modes. The results forthe two sets of tyres were compared. The measurements were taken for different airpressure in them. This comparison shows the effect of the tyre type on the structure-bornepropagation and determines whether increased noise levels are due to the resonance of thetyre or a suspension element. In addition, a finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted.The model points out the exact element responsible for the high levels of vibrations. Thus,the coupling between the tyre and suspension natural modes can be avoided.

3

Problematyka przystosowania sal wykładowych Politechniki Lubelskiej do współczesnych potrzeb użytkowych

Kwiatkowski Bartłomiej, Pinkovskyi Kostiantyn, Lozovskyi Pavlo

Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych

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2024

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T. 20, nr 1

7--18

PL

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia problemy związane z adaptacją i przystosowaniem sal wykładowych do współ-czesnych wymagań na przykładzie wybranych wydziałów Politechniki Lubelskiej. Zajęcia wykładowe przeznaczone są dla naj-liczniejszej grupy odbiorców co skutkuje licznymi wymaganiami funkcjonalnymi i prawnymi związanymi z przystosowaniem tych przestrzeni. Autorzy tekstu analizują problematykę dostosowywania przestrzeni seminaryjnych w istniejących budynkach poszczególnych wydziałów zlokalizowanych na kampusie Politechniki Lubelskiej. Analizie poddane zostały aspekty funkcjo-nalne, użytkowe, techniczne oraz problematyka wynikająca z obowiązujących przepisów prawa budowlanego. Wykłady stano-wią podstawową formę przekazywania wiedzy teoretycznej podczas trwania toku studiów. Sale wykładowe wykorzystywane są ponadto jako miejsca szkoleń, konferencji naukowych oraz seminariów wydziałowych. Tak szeroki wachlarz zastosowań wymaga dostosowywania ich do potrzeb szerokiej grupy użytkowników. Autorzy w wyniku przeprowadzonych badań przed-stawiają problematykę oraz rozwiązania projektowe w procesie aranżacji przestrzeni seminaryjnych.

EN

This article presents the problems associated with the adaptation and adjustment of lecture halls to modern re-quirements on the example of selected departments of Lublin University of Technology. Lecture classes are intended for the largest audience which results in numerous functional and legal requirements related to the adaptation of these spaces. The authors of the text analyze the problem of adapting seminar spaces in the existing buildings of the various faculties located on the campus of Lublin University of Technology. Functional, utilitarian and technical aspects are analyzed, as well as the problems arising from the current construction law. Lectures are the primary form of transferring theoretical knowledge during the course of study. In addition, lecture halls are used as venues for training courses, scientific conferences and fac-ulty seminars. Such a wide range of uses requires adapting them to the needs of a wide range of users. As a result of their research, the authors present problems and design solutions in the process of arranging seminar spaces.

4

The Influence of Traffic Vibrations on Buildings and Human Inside the Buildings

Pachla Filip, Kowalska-Koczwara Alicja, Aldabbik Waseem

Inżynieria Mineralna

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2024

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Vol. 1, no. 2

art. no. 41

EN

The article talks about the very intricate connection between traffic vibrations and their impact on the masonry buildings and their residents. The paper highlights that the vibrations that come from traffic can affect the building and cause serious structural problems like cracks and deformations that compromise the safety of the building and can be harmful to its occupiers. These series of vibrations also act as a major cause of discomfort and health issues for the occupants of the vehicles, including painful headaches, stress, and sleeping disturbances. To limit these effects, the article draws attention to the development of effective strategies such as the addition of dampers or insulators to the building foundation or the strengthening of the structural elements. However, there still exists a gap in the research in this area, and more studies should be conducted to provide more knowledge of the problem and the viable solutions. In general, the article underlines the necessity of solving this problem to save the buildings and their residents from the bad outcomes of vibrations.

5

Sustainability Approach of Recycled Denim Fabrics with a Life Cycle Assessment

Karagöl Hakan, Kadem Füsun Doba, Olucak Halil İbrahim, Kertmen Mehmet, Özdemir Şehpal

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2024

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Vol. 32, no. 2

57--63

EN

In this study, denim fabrics were produced using weft yarns obtained from mechanically recycled fibers after consumer use, and the breaking strength, tearing strength, thermal resistance, water vapor permeability, air permeability, and fabric stiffness of these fabrics were determined according to the standards. A life cycle analysis of the recycled denim fabrics was made using the SimaPro software program, and the environmental effects of the production were also revealed. Within the scope of the study, it was observed that the structural properties of the fabrics produced and the composition of recycled cotton used affect the performance and comfort properties of the fabric. The effect of the cotton recycling rate on the recycled denim fabrics was evaluated by LCA (life cycle analysis). As a result of the LCA evaluation, with the use of cotton with a high percentage of recycling additives instead of the conventional cotton, as in the reference fabric, resource depletion (fossil fuels), global warming, depletion of the ozone layer, the toxic effect on human, freshwater and terrestrial life, the total water use, and other categories were observed to undergo a significant improvement.

6

Development and Research on Incontinence Underwear for the Elderly

Zhu Chunyan, Zhou Baixue, Bi Yanwei, Pan Li, Yang Chen

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2024

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Vol. 32, no. 1

40--52

EN

This study investigates the living conditions of elderly individuals with urinary incontinence and their usage of related products to assess their actual needs, including comfort, convenience, and affordability. Based on these findings, innovative design work was conducted, involving structural design, fabric preparation, and process selection. Ultimately, through product performance evaluation and refinement, the design requirements for comfort, convenience, and affordability were achieved. This research holds significant importance in addressing urinary incontinence issues among the elderly and can be applicable to individuals with restricted access to toilets or those engaged in prolonged activities. Furthermore, the study provides a valuable reference for designing and developing functional garments that cater to practical needs. With further production and market promotion, this research outcome is expected to yield greater value and impact on a larger scale.

7

Budynek mieszkalny jako ekosystem zwrócony na człowieka

Wirowski Artur, Kubacka Ewelina, Frąckowicz Zuzanna, Kaszubska Paulina

Builder

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2024

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R.28, nr 8

11--13

PL

W pracy przedstawiono ideę, zgodnie z którą powstanie nowoczesnego budynku mieszkalnego zapewniającego komfort użytkownikom jest efektem świadomego współdziałania całego zespołu specjalistów, począwszy od fazy projektowej, aż do oddania budynku do użytkowania. Każdy z uczestników tego procesu powinien mieć świadomość, że nadrzędnym celem nie jest wyłącznie spełnienie norm i warunków technicznych, a stworzenie pewnego sztucznego ekosystemu zwróconego na potrzeby konkretnego człowieka – użytkownika danego budynku mieszkalnego. W pracy skupiono się na wybranych aspektach komfortu użytkownika i opisano systemy, które zyskują popularność na całym świecie i są w stanie go zapewnić, nie analizowano natomiast jakości przestrzeni i ergonomii w sensie architektonicznym. Zaproponowano rozwiązania, które mogą przekształcić budynek mieszkalny w ekosystem zwrócony na człowieka. Opisano koncepcję budownictwa zrównoważonego, zyskujący na popularności nurt zwany bioniką, systemy inteligentnego zarządzania obiektem, nowoczesny system klimatyzacyjny i wprowadzane na rynek nowe materiały. Przytoczone rozwiązania dają możliwość zaprojektowania ekosystemu, który współgra z użytkownikiem i korzystnie wpływa na to, jak człowiek czuje się w danym obiekcie.

EN

The work presents the idea that in order to build a modern residential building that will ensure the broadly understood comfort of users, a fully conscious cooperation of the entire team of specialists is needed, from the design phase until the building is put into use. Each participant in this process should be aware that the primary goal is not only to meet standards and technical conditions, but to create an artificial ecosystem oriented to the needs of a specific person - the user of a given residential building. The paper focuses on selected aspects of user comfort and describes systems that are gaining popularity around the world and are able to provide it, but does not analyze the quality of space and ergonomics in an architectural sense. Solutions were proposed that could transform a residential building into a human-centric ecosystem. The concept of sustainable construction, the increasingly popular trend called bionics, intelligent facility management systems, a modern air-conditioning system and new materials introduced to the market are described. The above-mentioned solutions would make it possible to design an ecosystem that would interact with the user and positively influence the way a person feels in a given facility.

8

Structural and Physiological Properties of Footwear Textiles

Kaziur Patrycja, Mikołajczyk Zbigniew

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2023

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Vol. 31, no. 5

75--85

EN

Textile uppers in the form of fitted knitted fabrics are now gaining in importance in the production of commercial footwear. The subject of this study was twelve different textile uppers and two reference leather materials. Structural properties and parameters of physiological comfort were characterized for selected variants. In order to analyze the thermo-physiological properties of the upper parts of the footwear, air permeability, thermal insulation properties, water vapor permeability and sorption properties were measured. Among the variants of textile uppers analyzed, the most desirable functional properties were shown by knitted fabrics made on cylindrical crochet machines of large diameters. The varnished cowhide leather variant was characterized by the worst hygienic properties.

9

Effects of the environmental factors in call centre interiors: a case study

Jabłońska Joanna, Ceylan Salih

Budownictwo i Architektura

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2023

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Vol. 22, no 4

127--146

EN

Environmental factors in workspaces affect employee productivity and satisfaction, particularly in call centres. One of the most challenging issues in contemporary offices is overcoming the problems of concentration on work, despite adverse effects such as insufficient lighting, inappropriate acoustics, or inadequate ventilation. The challenges increase in open-plan solutions. This paper presents a case study from Turkey that elaborates on strategies to improve environmental performance in call centres. It is inspired by a questionnaire conducted among employees of a call centre, identifying existing design lacks. Based on the results, acoustic quality calculations of the physical workspace follow, and initial computing outcomes reveal that the conditions do not meet the standards for call centres. The authors propose strategies to improve acoustic performance in the workspace and apply them to a virtual model. Results reveal that the proposed solutions allow for meeting the standards. Based on the findings, the authors suggest several other strategies for improving the physical environmental quality of the place, thus forming a guideline for the architectural design of call centres. The study derives information from a specific case and context to propose universally applicable solutions. It fills a gap in the literature as it exemplifies the characteristics of call centres in Turkey, which have not been studied before.

10

Mathematical modeling of the aeroion mode in a car

Biliaiev Mykola, Pshinko Oleksandr, Rusakova Tetiana, Biliaieva Viktoriia, Sładkowski Aleksander

Transport Problems

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2022

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T. 17, z. 2

19--32

EN

In this study, a mathematical method is proposed for calculating the concentration field of air ions of different polarities and dust levels in the passenger compartment, taking into account the geometry of the passenger compartment and seats, shelves, and other internal elements of the passenger compartment. The method also takes into account changes in the rate of the air flow ventilation, the location and number of ionizers, and sources of positive ions and dust, taking into account their different intensities and locations. On the basis of a numerical model for this method, software has been developed that allows users to carry out computational experiments without requiring much time for calculation. Based on the results, the optimal location of the ionizer in the passenger compartment of the car was determined to ensure comfortable conditions for the stay of passengers, which favorably affects their health. It has been found that the presence of two ionizers is optimal for creating comfort in the car with an ionization intensity of Qn= 0.47 ×1010 ions/s located at the top of the car. If there is one ionizer located on the dashboard or at the top of the car with a higher ionization rate than ions/s, it is not possible to simultaneously provide optimal ionization parameters for passengers in the front and rear seats of the car.

11

Co wiemy, a co powinniśmy wiedzieć o wentylacji

Wargocki Paweł

Rynek Instalacyjny

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2022

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Nr 1-2

42--50

PL

Wentylacja jest bez wątpienia uznawana za podstawowy sposób zapewnienia dobrej jakości powietrza w pomieszczeniach. Chociaż szeroko opisano ją w literaturze naukowej, wciąż istnieje kilka nie do końca rozwiązanych kwestii dotyczących wentylacji. Należą do nich m.in.: Ile wentylacji potrzeba w danym budynku?; Jakie kryteria należy zastosować do wyznaczenia wentylacji?; Ile wynosi absolutne minimum dla strumienia wentylacyjnego w danym budynku?; Czy możemy wykorzystać dane epidemiologiczne do ustalenia wymagań dotyczących wentylacji? Czy wentylację można stosować jako miarę jakości powietrza w pomieszczeniach? W artykule zawarto krótki przegląd literatury dotyczący wentylacji w budynkach, stanowiący punkt wyjścia do dyskusji nad powyższymi kwestiami. Przedstawiono również historyczny rys rozwoju wymagań dotyczących wentylacji, jak i wymagań dotyczących utrzymania instalacji wentylacyjnych. Podano także kilka sugestii, jak określać wymagania dotyczące wentylacji.

EN

Ventilation is without any doubt recognized as an essential means of providing good indoor air quality. Although described widely in the scientific literature, there are still a few incompletely resolved questions concerning ventilation. They include, among others: How much ventilation is needed in a given building?; Which criteria should be used to determine ventilation?; What is the absolute minimum ventilation rate in a given building?; Can we use epidemiological data for setting ventilation requirements?; and Can ventilation be used as an indoor air quality metric? This short article presents short review on ventilation in buildings which create reference for the subsequent discussion of the listed questions. Historical view of the development of ventilation and ventilation requirements is presented as well, and the requirements regarding maintenance of systems delivering ventilation air. Some suggestions on how to determine ventilation requirements are provided.

12

An investigation of the suspension characteristics of the line model of the vehicle using the Taguchi method

Stojanovic Nadica, Jweeg Muhsin Jaber, Grujic Ivan, Petrovic Miroslav, Muhsen Sami, Abdullah Oday I.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 27, no. 4

170--178

EN

It can be considered that the suspension system is one of the most important systems in the VEHICLE. Where it is responsible for the stability and balance of the vehicle’s structure on the roads and curves to ensure the comfort of passengers. Also, it absorbs the shocks resulting from the unevenness of the road and prevents it from reaching the wheelhouse. The influence of the suspension constructive parameters in order to obtain the smallest level of displacements of the sprung mass has been investigated. The following control parameters are the stiffness of the sprung, unsprung mass, and the damping of the sprung mass. The parameter which affects most displacements of the sprung mass was determined by applying the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The investigation was conducted using MATLAB/SIMULINK software, and a line model of a quarter of the vehicle was created. It was determined that the stiffness of sprung has the most significant influence on the displacement of the sprung-mass, which further affect the vehicle’s comfort.

13

Analysis and control of nonlinear vibration of autonomous vehicle passing through hybrid consecutive speed control humps

Yang Zhiyong, Wang Long, Yu Yanjun, Mou Zhenping, Ou Minghui

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2022

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Vol. 70, nr 6

art. no. e143643

EN

In order to improve the safety and comfort of autonomous vehicles passing through the expressway, relevant departments of expressway construction often design and lay consecutive speed control humps (SCHs) with cross-sections of different shapes according to different road conditions, such as the combination of trapezoidal and sinusoidal SCHs. In this paper, we conduct a study about the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the autonomous vehicle passing through hybrid SCHs. Firstly, a four-degree-of-freedom (4-DOF) nonlinear model of the vehicle suspension and the speed coupling excitation model under hybrid SCHs are established. Then the fourth-fifth order Runge–Kutta method is used to simulate the nonlinear system, and its nonlinear dynamic characteristics are analyzed. The results show that chaotic motion occurs when the vehicle passes through hybrid SCHs, and the speed range of chaotic motion is obtained. Then, a direct variable feedback control method is used to suppress the chaotic vibration of semi-active suspension vehicles, and the effect is verified by simulation experiments. Finally, this paper presents a multi-objective optimization model based on a genetic algorithm (GA) for active suspension vehicles. The optimization model selects the vertical displacement and pitching angle of the vehicle body as the objective function. The research results of this paper can provide information on the ride comfort’s optimization for autonomous vehicles passing through hybrid SCHs and on the design of vehicle suspension system.

14

Wind aspects in built environment

Klemm Katarzyna

Budownictwo i Architektura

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2022

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Vol. 21, no 3

19--34

EN

The dynamic development of built-up areas observed in the last few decades resulted in strong environmental transformations, especially in terms of climate phenomena. One of the factors which significantly affects the climate and bioclimate of urban areas is wind. Wind can cause discomfort to pedestrians or heat loss in buildings, if the wind speed around buildings is too high. The paper presents two examples of research conducted by the author, related to the issues of wind flow in built-up areas, based on the numerical simulations. The numerical simulations become an increasingly frequently used tool to determine the wind climate. Simulation results provide designers with important information on the influence of the buildings and their layout on the local changes in airflow. They allow testing of alternative solutions and effectiveness of various remedial measures.

15

A Review on the Performance and Comfort of Stab Protection Armor

Sitotaw Dereje Berihun, Ahrendt Dustin, Kyosev Yordan, Kabish Abera Kechi

Autex Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 1

96--107

EN

Stab-protective clothing is the most important component of safety equipment and it helps to save the lives of its wearers; therefore, it is designed to resist knife, nail, or needle attacks, especially to the upper body. In this paper, the essential requirements for stab-resistant armor are investigated based on an in-depth review of previous research and prototype test results. The combination of protection and comfort in armor vests is a particularly challenging task. Review of the state of the art technology responsible for the manufacture of stab-resistant clothes has revealed that their design and development should encompass the elements of comfort, freedom of movement, permeability, absorption, evaporation, and weight reductions to ensure excellent ergonomics and high wear comfort. The design as well as the production, weight, thickness, material types and properties, and the arrangement of scales determine the level of protection and comfort offered by stab-resistant vests. Currently, the production of stab-proof gear-based 3D printing technology is evaluated, using lightweight materials (aramid) in the form of segmented scales inspired by nature. As the protection performance and wear comfort of stab-proof gear is enhanced, the willingness of security, control, transport, custom, and correction officers to wear them can be significantly increased in an endeavor to ensure that fatal injuries will decrease significantly.

16

Test bench for the assessment of vibrations occurring in motorcycles

Podosek Krzysztof, Šarić Željko, Zuska Andrzej

Archiwum Motoryzacji

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2022

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Vol. 95, nr 1

65--78

EN

The purpose of this publication is to present the construction and adaptation of the test stand intended for motorcycle simulation research. The stand is designed to study the impact of motorcycle vibrations that act on the body of the driver and passenger. Motorcycles belong to one of the types of transport that directly affects users. Excessive vibrations transmitted to the body of the driver and passenger can make driving uncomfortable and even dangerous. The vibrations of motorcycles depend mainly on the technical condition of the vehicle, the structure of the vehicle, and the construction of the engine. The stand was built on the basis of a hydraulic power supply unit, distributor, and electrohydraulic pulsators. The purpose of the construction of the stand is to examine a given group of motorcycles to learn and eliminate vibrations that occur in various areas of motorcycles and affect the comfort, health, and safety of motorcycle travelers. Test studies of the presented stand are presented in this article. The preliminary results of the simulation tests determined the possibility of testing individual elements and motorcycles on the laboratory stand.

17

Wariantowość projektowanych mieszkań jako zaspokajanie zmieniających się potrzeb

Sobczyńska Karolina

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura, Urbanistyka, Architektura Wnętrz

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2021

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Z. 7

173--181

PL

Mieszkanie jest nie tylko produktem spełniającym podstawowe potrzeby człowieka, ale też miejscem w sensie emocjonalnym. Większość osób przy zakupie mieszkania kieruje się lokalizacją, do której z czasem się przywiązują. Nierzadko zdarza się, że życiowa sytuacja i potrzeby osób mających mieszkania ulegają zmianie i w tym momencie, szczególnie dla tych związanych emocjonalnie z miejscem, pojawia się przykry problem wieloaspektowej zmiany. Na przykład w wyniku powiększenia się rodziny potrzebny jest dodatkowy pokój i choć mieszkanie jest duże i wygodne, nie ma funkcjonalnej możliwości wydzielenia z istniejącej przestrzeni dodatkowego pomieszczenia. Wieloletnie obserwacje powyższych sytuacji skłoniły autorkę do poruszenia tego problemu i zwrócenia uwagi na potrzebę projektowania mieszkań w taki sposób, by w obrębie tego samego mieszkania można było, w zależności od potrzeb, wydzielić dodatkowe pomieszczenie. Takie podejście do projektowania mieszkań zapewniłoby komfort jego użytkownikom. Uniknęliby oni zmian związanych z przeprowadzką i opuszczeniem miejsca, do którego są przywiązani.

EN

A flat is not only a product that meets the basic human needs, but is also a place in an emotional sense. When buying an apartment, most people are guided by a location that they become attached to over time. It is not uncommon that the life situation and needs of people who own apartments change and at this point, especially for those emotionally connected with the place, the unpleasant problem of multi-faceted change arises. For example, due to the enlargement of the family, an additional room is needed, and although the apartment is large and comfortable, there is no functional possibility of separating an additional room from the existing space. Many years of observations of the above-mentioned situations prompted the author to raise this problem and draw attention to the need to design apartments in such a way that within the same apartment it is possible to separate an additional room from a larger open space, depending on the needs. Such an approach to apartment design would provide comfort to its users and save unwanted changes related to moving and leaving the place to which they are attached.

18

Sperling’s comfort index study in a passenger car with independently rotating wheels

Vaičiūnas Gediminas, Steišūnas Stasys

Transport Problems

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2021

|

T. 16, z. 2

121--130

EN

In this article, we compare the dynamic characteristics of cars with integral wheelsets and wheelsets with independently rotating wheels. We use Sperling’s comfort index to assess the riding comfort. We compare the riding comfort of passenger cars with integral wheelsets and wheelsets with independently rotating wheels based on Sperling’s comfort index.

19

Wykorzystanie wkładów ceramicznych w systemach rekuperacji ciepła

Grzebielec Andrzej, Szelągowski Adam, Bruzi Krzysztof

Szkło i Ceramika

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2021

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R. 72, nr 2

32--36

PL

Zajęcia dydaktyczne prowadzone są w salach wykładowych zwykle dostosowanych od strony technicznej do prezentowanych treści. Zainstalowane są systemy audiowizualne i nagłaśniające. Niestety w wielu przypadkach sale lekcyjne projektuje się pod kątem klimatyzacji i wentylacji, podobnie jak pomieszczenia biurowe. W efekcie, podczas zajęć, nawet w pomieszczeniach z klimatyzacją, warunki zmieniają się na tyle niekorzystnie, że zarówno nauczyciel, jak i uczniowie odczuwają dyskomfort. W pracy przeanalizowano zmiany temperatury, stężenia CO2, stężenia PM2,5 i wilgotności względnej w pomieszczeniu, w którym zyski ciepła od ludzi i urządzeń oraz zyski wilgoci przekraczają wartości projektowe. W pracy wykorzystano bezkanałowy rekuperator Respireco o pracy cyklicznej. Najpierw sprawdzono właściwości termodynamiczne samego rekuperatora, a następnie przetestowano go w wybranej polskiej szkole podstawowej. Wyniki pokazują, że tego typu rekuperatory są w stanie zapewnić prawidłowe warunki klimatyczne w salach wykładowych. Zastosowanie wentylacji mechanicznej z wykorzystaniem rekuperatora z ceramicznym odzyskiem ciepła spowodowało, że podczas zajęć stężenie CO2 w pomieszczeniu spadło o 50%. Stężenie PM2,5 utrzymywało się na poziomie trzykrotnie niższym niż w pomieszczeniu bez wentylacji mechanicznej. Należy zatem stwierdzić, że zastosowanie wentylacji mechanicznej z rekuperacją nie tylko obniża koszty ogrzewania, ale także znacząco poprawia jakość powietrza.

EN

Classes are conducted in lecture rooms usually technically adapted to the content presented. Audio-visual and sound systems are installed. Unfortunately, in many cases, classrooms are designed for air conditioning and ventilation, just like offices. As a result, during classes, even in air-conditioned rooms, the conditions change so badly that both the teacher and the students feel discomfort. The study analyzed changes in temperature, CO2 concentration, PM2.5 concentration and relative humidity in a room where heat gains from people and devices as well as moisture gains exceed the design values. The work uses a channelless Respireco recuperator with cyclical operation. First, the thermodynamic properties of the recuperator itself were checked, and then it was tested in a selected Polish primary school. The results show that this type of recuperator is able to provide proper climatic conditions in lecture halls. The use of mechanical ventilation with the use of a recuperator with ceramic heat recovery resulted in the reduction of CO2 concentration in the room by 50% during the classes. The concentration of PM2.5 remained three times lower than in the room without mechanical ventilation. Therefore, it should be stated that the use of mechanical ventilation with recuperation not only reduces heating costs, but also significantly improves air quality.

20

Płytki ceramiczne. Badania mikroskopowe tekstur w odniesieniu do wytrzymałości na zginanie

Gąsiński Arkadiusz, Ducka Agnieszka, Tymowicz-Grzyb Paulina, Kamiński Jacek

Szkło i Ceramika

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2021

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R. 72, nr 3

40--43

PL

Płytki gresowe są wytwarzane głównie z glinki kaolinowej, kwarcu i skaleni. Wiele właściwości technicznych, w tym odporność na zginanie, są związane z teksturą materiału w skali mikroskopowej. Najważniejszymi cechami są: zawartość, rozmiar i kształt różnych ziaren, w tym większych ziaren kwarcu, kryształów mullitu, fazy amorficznej bogatej w krzemionką i porowatości. Zrozumienie zależności pomiędzy mikrostrukturą a odpornością na zginanie może prowadzić do opracowania efektywniejszych metod wytwarzania cieńszych płytek o większych wymiarach.

EN

Porcelain tiles are sintered ceramic material made mainly from ball clays, quartz and feldspars. Many technical feateurs, including bending strength, are related to the microtexture of porcelain stoneware. Most important features are content, size and shape of different grains. These include large particles of filler (quartz), mullite crystals, a silica-rich amorphous phase and porosity. The understanding of the relationship between the microstructure and the bending strength of porcelain stoneware can lead to the development the manufacturing of thinner tiles with higher dimensions.