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1

Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of the Air Filtration Process in a Two-Stage Filter of a Special Purpose Vehicle

Dziubak Tadeusz, Polak Filip, Matijošius Jonas, Kilikevičius Artūras

Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa

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2025

|

Vol. 16, Nr 3 (61)

9--38

EN

Two-stage (multi-cyclone-pore-partition) air filters are what protects a vehicle's engine from sucking in mineral dust particles that cause an accelerated wear of internal components. Information on the air filtration process taking place in a two- stage system (multicyclone-baffle filter) of a vehicle's internal combustion engine is not provided often in the available literature. The purpose of this study was to experimentally evaluate paper filters operating directly behind and without a multicyclone system. An original methodology was used, consisting in testing a single cyclone and a paper filter with a suitably sized surface area. While testing the assembly (cyclone-paper filter test), parameters corresponding to those under which two-stage air filters actually operate were maintained, including filtration speed in the paper filter, dust concentration in the air and the cyclone’s inlet velocity. Filtration efficiency and accuracy, as well as pressure drop value were among the parameters determined as a function of dust mass delivered to the unit (cyclone-paper filter) or directly to the filter. The study showed that a paper filter operating downstream from a cyclone operates four times longer before reaching the permissible pressure drop value. During the initial (short) filtration period, separation efficiency values obtained were much lower ( фw0 = 93.3% without and фwc0 = 53.6% with the cyclone, respectively) than the required threshold of 99.5%. The air behind the paper filter contained dust grains with a size of 35-40 μm, compared to the required parameter of 2-5 μm. Further operation of the filter is characterized by a high separation efficiency of 99.9%, a high accuracy dpmax of 2-5 μm and a continuously increasing pressure drop, with the said drop being more intense in the filter without the cyclone system.

PL

Urządzeniem zabezpieczającym silnik napędowy pojazdu przed zasysaniem cząstek pyłu mineralnego i przyspieszonym zużyciem elementów są dwustopniowe (multicyklon-przegroda) filtry powietrza. W literaturze brak jest informacji dotyczących opisu procesu filtracji powietrza w systemie dwustopniowym (multicyklon-przegroda porowata). Celem pracy była eksperymentalna ocena filtrów papierowych pracujących bezpośrednio za multicyklonem i bez multicyklonu. Zastosowano oryginalną metodykę badań polegającą na badaniu pojedynczego cyklonu i filtru papierowego o odpowiednio dobranej powierzchni. Podczas badań zespołu (cyklon-papierowy filtr badawczy) zachowano warunki odpowiadające rzeczywistym warunkom pracy dwustopniowego filtru powietrza, a w tym prędkość filtracji w filtrze papierowym, stężenie pyłu w powietrzu oraz prędkość wlotową cyklonu. Wyznaczono w funkcji masy pyłu dostarczonej do zespołu (cyklon-filtr papierowy) lub bezpośrednio do filtru charakterystyki skuteczności, dokładności filtracji i oporów przepływu. Badania wykazały, że filtr papierowy pracujący za cyklonem uzyskuje czterokrotnie dłuższy czas pracy limitowany osiągnięciem dopuszczalnej wartości oporu przepływu. W początkowym (krótkim) okresie filtracji skuteczność filtracji uzyskiwała znacznie mniejsze wartości: odpowiednio фw0 = 93.3% bez cyklonu i фwc0 = 53.6% z cyklonem, niż wymagana wartość 99.5%. W powietrzu za filtrem papierowym znajdowały się ziarna pyłu o rozmiarach 35-40 μm przy wymaganych 2-5 μm. Dalsza praca filtru charakteryzuje się wysoką skutecznością filtracji 99.9%, dużą dokładnością dpmax na poziomie 2-5 μm i ciągle rosnącymi oporami przepływu z większą intensywnością dla filtru bez cyklonu

2

Exhaust emissions from agricultural tractors in West Pomerania, Poland

Koniuszy Adam, Konieczna Anita, Wojciech Jarosław

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2025

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no. 67

183--191

EN

The intensification of agricultural production is increasing environmental pollution in rural areas. A significant contribution to air pollution in this respect comes from the combustion of fuel by tractor engines that drive agricultural machinery and equipment. The most important pollutants from this source, which have a negative impact on the atmosphere as well as on human health, include diazotium oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2 ), and carbon monoxide (CO). Determining emissions is not an easy matter, if only because of their great diversity in terms of age, operating time, technical condition, as well as the type of operations performed, agrotechnical procedures. The paper attempts to estimate the emission of pollutants from fuel combustion by agricultural tractor engines in West Pomeranian Voivodeship. The basic source of energy on farms is the energy from the combustion of conventional fuels - mainly diesel - by engines of tractors and machines enabling the majority of field work to be carried out. The most common engines used in these tractors are diesel engines, mainly turbocharged with direct injection (DI). On the basis of the developed load cycle, data from the Central Register of Vehicles and Drivers database and laboratory tests, spatial maps of emissions of individual toxic components of exhaust gases were obtained in all the districts of the region. Analysis of the results showed, among other things, that the Gryfice district is the most heavily burdened with these pollutants and the Police district the least.

3

Theoretical assessment of operating parameters in diesel railway engine converted to hydrogen fuel

Dumenko Petro, Prokhorenko Andriy, Smigins Ruslans, Kravchenko Serhii, Vrublevskyi Oleksandr

Diagnostyka

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2025

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Vol. 26, No. 4

art. no. 2025414

EN

This paper presents a theoretical evaluation of operating-parameter changes in a Cummins NTA855-R4 diesel engine converted to spark-ignited hydrogen operation. The objective is to quantify the attainable specific engine power after conversion and to characterise the accompanying shifts in combustion dynamics and mechanical loading. Thermodynamic modelling with parametric sweeps indicates that hydrogen increases peak cylinder pressure and pressure-rise rate, while a like-for-like conversion tends to reduce effective power. When internal mixture formation is applied, the indicated and brake efficiencies rise by approximately 7-10%. Complete substitution of diesel with hydrogen is achievable without power loss when using external mixture formation (port fuel injection) at lean excess-air ratios (λ ≈ 2–3). However, the correspondingly rapid heat release can elevate loads on the crank-train, necessitating careful control of combustion phasing and pressurerise limits to protect reliability and durability.

4

The effect of ethanol in gasoline on exhaust gas components emitted by spark ignition engines

Markiewicz Marietta, Kaszkowiak Jerzy, Hujo Lubomir

Combustion Engines

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2025

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R. 64, nr 4

42--49

EN

Fuels of natural origin are the most frequently used source of power for spark ignition engines. Their exhaustibility causes the search for alternative sources, which are plant-derived fuels. The paper presents tests of the amount of exhaust gas components in a spark ignition engine powered by mixtures of gasoline and ethyl alcohol. Pure ethanol and gasoline without biocomponent additives were used as research material. The experiments were performed using an exhaust gas analyzer and a particle analyzer during tests on a chassis dynamometer. The drive unit used for the tests was powered by mixtures with various ethanol content, from 10% to 100%. The analysis of the conducted tests showed a reduction in the amount of the formation of exhaust gas components hazardous to the natural environment.

5

Comparing adding Co3O4 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles to improve the performance and emission of biodiesel fuel prepared from waste oils in diesel engines

Hassan Qais Hussein, Alalwan Hayder Abdulkhaleq, Alminshid Alaa Hani, Mohammed Malik M.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2025

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Vol. 19, no. 10

150--161

EN

This study examined the effect of adding 50 parts per million [ppm] of either Co₃O₄ or Fe₃O₄ metal-oxide nanoparticles to biodiesel produced from used sunflower oil via transesterification on diesel-engine performance and exhaust pollution reduction. The two powders were first examined using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area tests. Next, the nanoparticles (NPs) were fed into a four-stroke, single-cylinder engine running at a steady 2500 rpm, and their effect was measured across a range of loads. Measurements included brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake power (B.P.), brake-thermal efficiency (BTE), brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC), exhaust gases (CO, HC, CO₂, NOₓ, and soot), and noise. Adding either NPs improved BSFC by up to 6.6% and 3.3% for cobalt and iron oxides, respectively, and improved efficiency compared to straight biodiesel by 2.7%, 1.4%, respectively. Co₃O₄ outperformed Fe₃O₄, likely because it carries more oxygen and a higher calorific value. Both additives reduced CO and HC by up to 23% and 18%, respectively, yet increased NOₓ; Fe₃O₄ caused a smaller increase. Overall, metal-oxide NPs show promise as simple, low-dose boosters for cleaner, more efficient diesel engines.

6

Evaluation of timing chain quality and its effect on timing system operation

Witaszek Kazimierz, Stanik Zbigniew

Transport Problems

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2024

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T. 19, z. 4

95--108

EN

Internal combustion engines are still the main source of propulsion for automotive vehicles. The timing system plays a very important role in the proper functioning of these engines. One of the widely used technical solutions to drive this system is the timing chain. However, in recent years, there has been a clear trend towards more frequent timing system failures. Many research works have focused on wear analysis or finite element method (FEM) modeling of chains. In contrast, it was decided to carry out a comparative study of the mechanical properties of new timing chains that are commercially available as spare parts for automotive workshops. The present study was carried out on timing system components of the popular Multijet 1.3 diesel engine used in Fiat, Opel, and Suzuki vehicles. Force-elongation curves were obtained for each of the tested chains, allowing their elongation under load to be estimated. In addition, breaking forces were measured, and breaking mechanisms were analyzed to compare the quality of the chains. Numerical parameters were proposed to estimate the quality of the tested chains. The chain tensioning forces resulting from the operation of the hydraulic tensioner were also estimated. The effect of the dynamic forces stretching the chain elastically on the timing accuracy during engine operation was also calculated.

7

Jet engine - construction and modern development examples

Garwol Arkadiusz

Technologia i Automatyzacja Montażu

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2024

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nr 3

38--43

EN

The article presents the construction and operating principle of a turbine jet engine. The basic types of engines of this type are presented, such as single-rotor single-flow jet engines, single-flow dual-rotor engines (which are another development version of single-rotor engines), as well as dual-flow engines which are currently most commonly used in passenger aviation, and contra-rotating propeller engines and turbine propeller engines. Also presented their applications, such as propulsion of various types of. In the further part of this paper, the development trends of turbine jet engines are described, based on patents that have been granted in recent years. One of the cited patents is the use of a fuel cell to power an electric motor used to start a turbine jet engine. Also presented the concept of an electric motor providing propulsion of aircraft. An engine of this type is devoid of a turbine and a combustion chamber, and the machine shaft rotates only using electricity. The purpose of this paper is to present the construction and operating principles of turbine jet engines and examples of the current development of this type of construction, as well as to determine future development trends for those devices.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono budowę oraz zasadę działania turbinowego silnika odrzutowego. Przedstawiono podstawowe rodzaje silników tego typu, jakimi są odrzutowe silniki jednowimikowe jednoprzepływowe, jednoprzepływowe silniki dwuwimikowe (które są kolejną wersją rozwojową silników jednowimikowych), a także silniki dwuprzepływowe która są obecnie najczęściej stosowane w lotnictwie pasażerskim oraz silniki przeciwbieżne śmigłowentylatorowe i turbinowe silniki śmigłowe. Przedstawiono również ich zastosowania jakimi jest napęd różnych typów statków powietrznych. W dalszej części niniejszego artykułu, przedstawiono tendencje rozwojowe turbinowych silników odrzutowych, na podstawie patentów jakie zostały przyznane w ciągu ostatnich lat. Jednym z przywołanych patentów jest zastosowanie ogniwa paliwowego do zasilania silnika elektrycznego, użytego do rozruchu turbinowego silnika odrzutowego. Przedstawiono również koncepcję elektrycznego silnika zapewniającego napęd statków powietrznych. Silnik tego typu, jest pozbawiony turbiny i komory spalania, a wał maszyny obraca się jedynie za pomocą energii elektrycznej. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie budowy oraz zasady działania turbinowych silników odrzutowych i przykładów obecnego rozwoju tego typu konstrukcji oraz określenie przyszłych tendencji rozwojowych tych urządzeń.

8

Experimental study of materials for the filtration of the intake air of the internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle

Dziubak Tadeusz

Combustion Engines

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2024

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R. 63, nr 2

112--125

EN

Fiber composite materials show more favorable filtration properties in terms of filtration efficiency and accuracy, as well as dust absorption. Experimental tests of standard filtration materials based on cellulose, polyester, glass microfiber, cotton and polyester nonwoven fabrics were performed using an original method. Two composite beds consisting of three layers of standard materials were designed using a novel method: K1 (polyester-glass-microfiber-cellulose) and K2 (cellulose-glass-microfiber-cellulose), and determined their effectiveness, the size of dust grains in the cleaned air and the unit dust absorption. It was shown that the K1 composite has high (dpmax = 1.5-3 μm) filtration accuracy, high initial filtration efficiency (99.8%), which shortens the preliminary stage, and extends to 96-98% the duration of the main stage of the filtration process. The K1 composite achieved more than twice the dust mass loading value (kdK1 = 148.9 g/m2), compared to other standard materials. These are parameters that are essential for filter design in automotive technology and can only be obtained through empirical testing. Knowing them will make it possible to make an air filter design with smaller dimensions or to extend vehicle mileage.

9

Analytical, Computer and Laboratory Modelling of the Effect of the Fuel Used in the Spark Ignition Engine of the Selected Vehicle on the Operating Parameters and Exhaust Gas Composition

Tucki Karol, Orynycz Olga, Mruk Remigiusz, Kulesza Ewa, Ruchała Paweł, Wąsowicz Grzegorz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 8

96--112

EN

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the fuel used in the spark-ignition engine of the selected vehicle on the characteristics of maximum torque and power at the crankshaft of the engine as a function of crankshaft speed and the content of components in the exhaust gas. The vehicle engine was tested on a stand equipped with V-tech VT-2/B2 chassis dynamometer, MAHA MET 6.3 exhaust gas analyzer and engine parameter monitoring system using OBD standard. The tests used two commercial fuels with different test octane number (RON) values of 95 and 100 octanes. Measurement of the characteristics of the maximum torque, power on the crankshaft and the total power losses in the drive system, the contact of the wheels with the rollers of the dynamometer and the dynamometer as a function of the crankshaft rotational speed was carried out using the acceleration method with a dynamic load comprising the braking torque of the rotating masses and the electro-swirl brake. On the basis of the test results, engine and drive system parameters of the vehicle using the software for generating driving test runs “the calculation of gearshift points for the WLTC cycle”, a set of measuring points determining the values of the engine crankshaft speed and the torque generated by the engine crankshaft was determined. The parameters of the selected engine operating conditions are within the ranges specified by the software for generating the selected test runs. The content of selected exhaust gas components (carbon monoxide CO, carbon dioxide CO2, other hydrocarbons HC, oxygen O2, λ coefficient, nitrogen oxides NO and nitrogen dioxide NO2) was measured for the selected operating parameters of the vehicle for the tested fuels. On the basis of the results of the toxicity measurements, analytical models determining the content of individual components in the exhaust gases as a function of the crankshaft rotational speed and the torque generated on the crankshaft and software simulating the exhaust emissions of the selected vehicle moving under dynamic conditions were developed.

10

Study of parameters of the mixture and heat generation of the dd15 diesel engine of the sandvik lh514 loader in the process of using alternative fuels based on rme

Bembenek Michał, Melnyk Vasyl, Mosora Yurii

Acta Mechanica et Automatica

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2024

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Vol. 18, no. 2

169--176

EN

Today, there is a growing shortage of commercial motor fuels in the world. This is due to the tendency to regulate the extraction of hydrocarbons, which are the main raw materials for their production; and, therefore, to reduce the import of oil, alternative types of fuel for diesel engines based on oils and animal fats are becoming widespread today. In this regard, intensive work is underway to convert internal combustion engines to biofuel-based ones both in countries with limited fuel and energy resources and in highly developed countries that have the opportunity to purchase liquid energy carriers. Biodiesel fuel (biodiesel, PME, RME, FAME, EMAG, etc.) is an environmentally friendly type of biofuel obtained from vegetable and animal fats and used to replace petroleum diesel fuel. According to the results of modelling, in the process of using RME B100 biodiesel fuel, we found a reduction in nitrogen dioxide emissions by 21.5% and a reduction in soot emissions by 34.5%. This will positively affect the environmental performance of the Sandvik LH514 loader, which is especially relevant in closed environments such as mines. So, according to the results of studies of the operation of the DD15 engine of the Sandvik LH514 loader on commercial and RME B100 biodiesel fuel, it was established that the use of biodiesel fuel leads to a deterioration of the mixture, due to which heat generation is reduced and, as a result, fuel consumption increases and engine power decreases, but the aspect of environmental indicators constitutes the significant improvement demonstrated by the present work.

11

Application of Fe3Al intermetallic phase filler metal in valve seating face hard facing

Szczucka-Lasota Bożena, Węgrzyn Tomasz, Cybulko Piotr

Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport / Politechnika Śląska

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2023

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z. 119

257--265

EN

The exhaust valve seat face is a surface that degrades slowly as a result of mechanical and thermal stresses. There is extensive research on new materials for valves and for the improvement of valve production technology. This paper discusses the method of obtaining a filler metal made of Fe3Al intermetallic phase and the method of TIG hard-facing on a valve seating face made of H9S2 steel, evaluating the effects of essential hard-facing parameters. The resulting hard-facing build up was assessed in terms of quality using industrial radiography testing (RT).

12

Influence of surfactant addition to emulsion fuels on the hot section of turbine engines

Niszczota Paweł, Gieras Marian

Journal of KONBiN

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2023

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Vol. 53, iss. 4

13--25

EN

Due to the growing awareness of ecological threats, more and more attention is paid to the emission problem of undesirable substances into the atmosphere, the source of which is transport and energy. The impact of these factors on the environment can be reduced by using alternative fuels, which are non-fossil fuels, or by modifying these fuels to ensure lower emissions. One of the methods for reducing emissions from engines is the use of water fuel emulsion as fuel, which has a particularly positive effect on the emission of nitrogen oxides at high loads of drive and power units. An important issue affecting the possibility of using this fuel type is the impact of their use on the elements of the units in contact with fuel containing water and, optionally, an emulsifier. This paper presents inspection results of the hot section of a miniature gas turbine powered by Jet-A1 aviation fuel with the emulsifier addition. On the basis of these observations, the components of emulsion fuels were determined, which are the cause of the characteristic deposits occurring on the hot sections of the units after using emulsion fuels.

PL

Ze względu na rosnącą świadomość zagrożeń ekologicznych przykłada się coraz większą wagę do problemu emisji do atmosfery substancji niepożądanych, których źródłem jest transport i energetyka. Jedną z dróg prowadzących do zmniejszenia wpływu tych czynników na środowisko jest wykorzystanie paliw alternatywnych, będących paliwami niekopalnymi, bądź modyfikacja tych paliw zapewniająca mniejszą emisję. Jedną z metod obniżenia emisji z silników jest zastosowanie, jako paliwa, emulsji paliwowo-wodnej, która wpływa szczególnie pozytywnie na emisję tlenków azotu przy dużych obciążeniach jednostek napędowych i energetycznych. Ważną kwestią wpływającą na możliwość zastosowania tego typu paliw jest wpływ ich stosowania na elementy jednostek będące w kontakcie z paliwem zawierającym wodę oraz opcjonalnie emulgator. W niniejszej pracy zostały przedstawione wyniki inspekcji gorącej sekcji miniaturowej turbiny gazowej, która była zasilana paliwem lotniczym Jet-A1 z dodatkiem emulgatora. Na podstawie tych obserwacji określono składniki paliw emulsyjnych będących przyczyną występowania charakterystycznych osadów występujących na gorących sekcjach jednostek po zastosowaniu paliw emulsyjnych.

13

The Influence of Olive Oil Waste as a Biofuel on the Exhaust Gases of the Internal Combustion Engine

Al-Aseebee Munaf D. F., Naje Ahmed Samir

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 5

322--328

EN

Future options for addressing the depletion of fossil fuels and reducing pollution from internal combustion engines may include biofuel as an alternative fuel. This study aims to experimentally and statistically assess the effect of using diesel-biofuel blends on the emissions of a single-cylinder direct-injection engine. Using recycled olive oil, a chemical Tran’s esterification process was used to create biofuel. The experimental results were contrasted with those of a one-dimensional engine model for exhaust emissions and torque, which showed high agreement between test and numerical data. In order to comprehend the factors that affect the engine’s reaction to variations in fuel composition, the thermodynamic characteristics of the engine for various blends were also supplied. According to the investigation, a mixture with 20% of the volume fraction of oleic acid methyl ester olive-based biofuel and 80% of the volume fraction of pure diesel can be an effective fuel alternative for cleaner exhaust emissions while offering almost the same performance.

14

Modeling of Waste Vegetable Oil Biodiesel for Tractor Engine Utilization

Al-Aseebee Munaf D. F., Ketata Ahmed, Gomaa Ahmed E., Moussa Olfa, Driss Zied, Abid Mohamed Salah, Naje Ahmed Samir, Emaish Haitham H.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 12

293--303

EN

Biodiesel is regarded as a clean fuel alternative to fossil diesel fuel for fewer pollutant emissions of internal combustion engines. The biodiesel type can be made from waste frying oil, thus it has to be done right. Waste vegetable oil can be provided for free or at a low cost by restaurants and food processors that often use frying oils. Animal fat is also available for free or for a nominal fee from grocery stores, restaurants, and butchers who use lots of fats in their cooking. The methyl ester of oleic acid methyl ester (OAME) biodiesel was produced from used vegetable oil using the transesterification process in order to compare the performance of the 67 kW KUBOTA tractor diesel engine when utilizing OAME and fossil diesel. OAME biofuel was used without being mixed. The engine’s reliability metrics and important indicators, including the brake torque, indicated power, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and burn duration, were identified. Optimal implementation was met by fossil diesel and the tested characteristics were very close. The OAME biofuel performs better in terms of volumetric efficiency and duration of combustion than the conventional diesel. The decision to choose a specific biofuel that is produced from a particular source so largely hinges on its availability and economic feasibility wherever it is used.

15

Effect of the Heating Temperature of a Nickel-Chromium Steel Charge Material on the Stability of the Forging Process and the Durability of the Die

Hawryluk Marek R., Lachowicz Marzena, Janik Marta, Gronostajski Zbigniew, Stachowicz Mateusz

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2023

|

Vol. 68, iss. 2

711--722

EN

The study discusses the issues of low durability of dies used in the first operation of producing a valve type forging from high nickel steel assigned for the application in motor truck engines. The analyzed process of manufacturing the exhaust valve forgings is realized in the coextrusion technology, followed by forging in closed dies. This process is difficult to master, mainly due to elevated adhesion of the charge material (high nickel steel - NCF3015) to the tool substrate as well as very high abrasive wear of the tool, most probably caused by the dissolution of hard carbide precipitates during the charge heating. A big temperature scatter of the charge during the heating and its short presence in the inductor prevents microstructure homogenization of the bearing roller and dissolution of hard precipitates. In effect, this causes an increase of the forging force and the pressures in the contact, which, in extreme cases, is the cause of the blocking of the forging already at the beginning of the process. In order to analyze this issue, complex investigations were conducted, which included: numerical modelling, dilatometric tests and hardness measurements. The microstructure examinations after the heating process pointed to lack of structure repeatability; the dilatometric tests determined the phase transformations, and the FEM results enabled an analysis of the process for different charge hardness values. On the basis of the conducted analyzes, it was found that the batch material heating process was not repeatable, because the collected samples showed a different amount of dissolved carbides in the microstructure, which translated into different hardnesses (from over 300 HV to 192 HV). Also, the results of numerical modeling showed that lower charge temperature translates into greater forces (by about 100 kN) and normal stresses (1000 MPa for the nominal process and 1500 MPa for a harder charge) and equivalent stresses in the tools (respectively: 1300 MPa and over 1800 MPa), as well as abrasive wear (3000 MPa mm; 4500 MPa mm). The obtained results determined the directions of further studies aiming at improvement of the production process and thus increase of tool durability.

16

Analysis of the Possibility of Using Neural Networks to Monitor the Technical Efficiency of Diesel Engines During Operation

Tucki Karol, Orynycz Olga, Świć Antoni, Wasiak Andrzej, Mruk Remigiusz, Gola Arkadiusz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2023

|

Vol. 17, no. 6

1--15

EN

The aim of the research was to analyse the possibility of using neural networks to determine the parameters of the chemical composition of exhaust gases as a function of engine performance parameters obtained from the on-board diagnostics system such as crankshaft speed and engine load index. The subject of the study was a Fiat Panda car equipped with a 1.3 Multijet diesel engine and powered by pure diesel. The tests used the MAHA MET 6.3 exhaust gas analyser and the on-board diagnostics system OBD II. The obtained values of NOx,O2,CO2 and PM measured behind the DPF were analysed. For the purpose of building a neural network model, preliminary studies were carried out in non-urban traffic (high-speed route). Based on the data obtained, processes of learning neural network structures with approximate properties with backward propagation of errors were carried out. Subsequently, tests were carried out on the operational parameters of the vehicle and the chemical composition of exhaust gases in urban traffic. Analysis of the obtained values of the average parameters obtained during the measurement and obtained on the basis of the prepared neural models allows to determine the relative differences at the level of not more than 10 percent.

17

LNG szansą dla małych statków Magda I z silnikiem na skroplony gaz

Nowa Energia

|

2022

|

nr 4

39--41

PL

Czy małe statki mogą być zasilane ekologicznym paliwem gazowym? W szczecińskiej stoczni powstaje pionierska jednostka, w której jako źródło napędu zastosowano skroplony gaz (LNG). Statek Magda I jest świetnym przykładem dla armatorów małych jednostek, iż można pokusić się o zmianę oleju napędowego na paliwo gazowe. Ma to ogromne znaczenie dla ochrony środowiska.

18

Structural optimization on the design of an automobile engine intake pipe

Xie Jianxin, Liu Zimeng

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

|

2022

|

Vol. 60 nr 3

449--461

EN

The engine intake pipe is an important part of the engine. A reasonable layout of the intake pipe can prolong service life of the engine and improve engine power. The optimization of design of the intake pipe has a great impact on the overall performance of the engine. The design of the intake pipe based on experience is subjective and unilateral, and the design cycle and experimental period are long. Ansys Fluent software is used to simulate the design, which can more intuitively reflect the air flow condition of the intake pipe and enable selection of the best layout. First of all, a three-dimensional model of the intake pipe is simulated and the airflow characteristics are studied and analyzed. The streamline diagram and velocity contour under various conditions are obtained. Then, compared with the simulation results, the position of the intake pipe is optimized. Finally, the optimized intake pipe is simulated and verified. According to the experimental results, the intake performance of the optimized intake pipe is greatly improved.

19

Wyznaczenie charakterystyki tłumienności wtrącenia reaktywnego tłumika akustycznego zainstalowanego na wylocie silnika spalinowego

Brzózka Gerard

Dozór Techniczny

|

2022

|

z. 6

17--24

PL

W opracowaniu przedstawiono sposób przeprowadzenia oszacowania wartości wtrącenia reaktywnego tłumika akustycznego zainstalowanego na wylocie silnika spalinowego, na podstawie pomiarów laboratoryjnych wykonanych w odmiennych warunkach termicznych i przepływowych od występujących w układach rzeczywistych, w jakich te tłumiki zostały zamontowane.

20

The Szymkowiak’s over-expanded cycle in the rocker engine with the variable compression ratio - kinematics

Szwaja Stanisław, Szymkowiak Mirosław

Combustion Engines

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2022

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R. 61, nr 2

68--72

EN

The article discusses the innovative concept of the over-expanded thermodynamic cycle, the author of which is the Polish engineer-designer Mirosław Szymkowiak. This cycle is realized on the basis of a new and innovative, previously unknown design, of a piston-crankshaft linkage mechanism with the aid of an additional element known as a rocker arm. Additionally, the proposed mechanism allows for a smooth change of the compression/expansion ratio of the engine during its operation. In the beginning, the earlier conceptions of the rocker engine developed by Szymkowiak were presented, and then the main construction assumptions and kinematic calculations were described. It was confirmed, that the developed linkage has big potential in improving the engine's thermal efficiency by approximately 12% relative. Additionally, it significantly reduces the exhaust gas pressure, when the exhaust valve is opened, therefore, contributes to the reduction of the noise emitted by the engine.