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1

Surface and mechanical properties of plasma-modified chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol composite films

Chang Shih-Hang, Chang Yuan-Hsuan

Polimery

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2025

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Vol. 70, nr 3

177--185

EN

The surface and mechanical properties of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) composite films modified with O2 and N2 plasma were investigated. The FT-IR method confirmed the presence of characteristic bands originating from both CS and PVA, the intensity of which significantly increased after plasma modification. Plasma treatment also increased the hydrophilicity of CS/PVA films, with a slight decrease in their surface smoothness. In addition, plasma modification reduced the adhesion of bovine serum albumin. The highest fracture toughness and the lowest adhesion of bovine serum albumin were obtained for CS/PVA films (1/3 wt%/wt%). The conducted studies confirmed the possibility of biomedical applications of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol composite films.

PL

Zbadano właściwości powierzchniowe i mechaniczne folii kompozytowych chitozan/alkohol poliwinylowy (CS/PVA) modyfikowanych plazmą O2 i N2. Metodą FT-IR potwierdzono obecność charakterystycznych pasm pochodzących zarówno od CS, jak i PVA, których intensywność znacząco zwiększyła się po modyfikacji plazmą. Działanie plazmy zwiększyło również hydrofilowość folii CS/PVA, przy niewielkim zmniejszeniu gładkości ich powierzchni. Ponadto modyfikacja plazmą zmniejszyła adhezję albuminy surowicy bydlęcej. Największą wytrzymałość na pękanie i najmniejszą adhezję albuminy surowicy bydlęcej uzyskano w przypadku folii CS/PVA (1/3 % mas./% mas.). Przeprowadzone badania potwierdziły możliwość biomedycznych zastosowań folii kompozytowych chitozan/alkohol poliwinylowy.

2

Novel antioxidant materials based on polysaccharides containing resveratrol and syringic acid

Kulka-Kamińska Karolina, Kurzawa Marzanna, Sionkowska Alina

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2025

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vol. 28, no. 173

art. no. 6

EN

Polysaccharides offer exceptional advantages for biomedical applications due to their natural biocompatibility, biodegradability, and lack of immune response. By incorporating active ingredients, researchers can tailor these materials’ properties for specific uses. This study focused on developing enhanced biodegradable films using chitosan and konjac glucomannan as base materials, enriched with two natural antioxidants: resveratrol and syringic acid. Films containing these antioxidants at two different concentrations (10% and 20% were obtained and thoroughly characterized using multiple analytical techniques. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the successful incorporation of the active compounds, while scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed homogeneous surfaces with slightly increased roughness due to the additives. The antioxidant-enriched films demonstrated significant improvements in several properties. Most importantly, they showed strong antioxidant activity, with resveratrol and syringic acid working synergistically to enhance radical scavenging capabilities. The 20% concentration films exhibited markedly improved wettability, while mechanical properties were enhanced compared to the pure polymer blend. Although moisture vapor transmission decreased with the additives, this actually represents a beneficial barrier property for many applications. The films’ swelling behavior proved particularly interesting, showing high swelling capacity at physiological pH (7.4) but significantly lower swelling at acidic pH (5.5). This pH-responsive behavior, combined with enhanced antioxidant properties, makes these materials especially promising for medical applications such as wound dressings. The obtained antioxidant-enhanced biopolymer films hold considerable potential in multiple industries, including medical devices, cosmetics, food products, and packaging applications. With further biological testing, these materials could advance wound care treatments by providing protective barrier functions and therapeutic antioxidant benefits.

3

Chitosan-based films with selected moisturizing additives

Kaczmarek-Szczepańska Beata, Glajc Patrycja, Zasada Lidia

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2025

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vol. 28, no. 173

art. no. 9

EN

This study presents the development and characterization of thin films based on chitosan, modified with selected moisturizing additives, including hyaluronic acid, snail mucus extract, natural moisturizing factor (NMF), and gluconolactone, chosen for their common application in skin care products. Chitosan was dissolved in 0.1 M acetic acid to prepare a 1% w/v solution, and each additive was incorporated at 10% w/w relative to the chitosan content, both individually and in combination. The resulting mixtures were cast and dried under ambient conditions to form flexible films. Comprehensive characterization was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurements, and mechanical testing. The results revealed significant differences in chemical interactions, surface morphology, wettability, and mechanical behavior depending on the additive used. Notably, the formulation combining all moisturizing agents exhibited the most favorable balance of mechanical strength, flexibility, and hydration-related surface characteristics. FTIR spectra indicated molecular-level interactions between chitosan and the additives, particularly through hydrogen bonding. AFM analysis showed variations in surface roughness, while contact angle measurements highlighted changes in surface energy and hydrophilicity. These findings indicate that the modified chitosan films are promising candidates for innovative, sustainable dermatological and cosmetic applications, especially for effective skin hydration and use in skin care products.

4

Chitosan films with quercetin for skin applications

Kurzawa Marzanna, Lewandowska Katarzyna, Sionkowska Alina

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2025

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vol. 28, no. 173

art. no. 4

EN

The release of active compounds is widely studied for both biomedical and cosmetic applications. Special attention is paid to the delivery of antioxidative compounds, which act as antiaging agents and thus protect the skin and help in the wound healing process. This paper presents the results regarding the fabrication of chitosan-based films for the release of quercetin. Chitosan was modified by introducing a small amount of hyaluronic acid, and then quercetin was added. Thin polymeric films were fabricated using the solution casting method. The obtained films were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. Surface properties have been studied using an AFM microscope. The roughness of the films was changed after the addition of hyaluronic acid and quercetin to the chitosan films. HPLC was used to analyze the release of quercetin from the polymer film. The maximum release of quercetin was found after 20 min at pH 5.5, which is the pH of normal human skin. The average percentage of the release of quercetin from the films based on chitosan was 21.62 ± 0.50%, whereas from the chitosan/ hyaluronic acid film, it was 27.07 ± 1.96%. The results suggest that the proposed films with incorporated quercetin show potential as materials for wound healing and beauty masks due to their antioxidative properties.

5

Chitosan films incorporated with mastic oil for potential application in biomaterials: Physicochemical characterization

Brudzyńska Patrycja, Sionkowska Alina

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2025

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vol. 28, no. 173

art. no. 10

EN

Chitosan is applied for novel and multifunctional biomaterials development. To enhance physicochemical and biological properties, as well as to improve the functionality of chitosan-based materials, multiple natural products are incorporated, such as essential oils. Essential oils with therapeutic potential can also be extracted from natural resins. Mastic gum, a soft resin collected mainly from Pistacia lentiscus, is a source of mastic oil, which is characterized by antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer activities, and wound healing properties. The purpose of the study was to prepare and physicochemically characterize chitosan films enriched with mastic oil and polysorbate 80 as an emulsifier. FTIR spectroscopy was used to evaluate chemical structure. Mechanical properties, swelling degree, and contact angle were also investigated. The effect of mastic oil and emulsifier on the properties of chitosan films was observed. Modified films incorporated with various concentrations of mastic oil were characterized by the hydrophilic surface, increased tensile strength, and elongation at break, thus greater flexibility as well as swelling capacity and stability in phosphate-buffered saline. These features might be an advantage in terms of material fabrication intended for biomedical applications, for example, wound healing. Chitosan and mastic oil might be a promising combination for use in biomaterials.

6

Chitosan/Arabic gum/ZnO bionanocomposite as a novel antibacterial agent

Safaei Mohsen, Salmani Mobarakeh, Azizi Bahram, Shoohanizad Ehsan, Ling Shing Wong, Nikkerdar Nafiseh

Polimery

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2024

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Vol. 69, nr 6

362--370

EN

The synthesis conditions of chitosan/Arabic gum /zinc oxide nanocomposite were optimized using the Taguchi method to obtain antibacterial properties. FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, TEM, UV/VIS and TGA techniques were used to characterize the nanocomposite. Nanocomposite C3 (1 mg/mL chitosan, 4.5 mg/mL Arabic gum and 8 mg/mL zinc oxide), C7 (3 mg/mL chitosan, 5.1 mg/mL Arabic gum and 8 mg/mL zinc oxide) and C9 (3 mg/mL chitosan, 4.5 mg/mL Arabic gum and 4 mg/mL zinc oxide) had the best antibacterial properties against S. mutans. TGA showed that ZnO improved the thermal stability of the nanocomposite. Such materials can be used as antibacterial agents.

PL

Przy użyciu metody Taguchi zoptymalizowano warunki syntezy nanokompozytu chitozan/guma arabska/tlenek cynku umożliwiające uzyskanie właściwości antybakteryjnych. Do scharakteryzowania nanokompozytu zastosowano techniki FT-IR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, TEM, UV/VIS i TGA. Nanokompozyt C3 (1 mg/mL chitozanu, 4,5 mg/mL gumy arabskiej i 8 mg/mL tlenku cynku), C7 (3 mg/mL chitozanu, 5,1 mg/mL gumy arabskiej i 8 mg/mL tlenku cynku) i C9 (3 mg/mL chitozanu, 4,5 mg/mL gumy arabskiej i 4 mg/mL tlenku cynku) miał najlepsze właściwości antybakteryjne wobec S. mutans. Metodą TGA wykazano, że ZnO poprawia stabilność termiczną nanokompozytu. Tego typu materiały mogą być stosowane jako środki antybakteryjne.

7

Chitosan with the addition of zeolite and ZnO nanoparticles as a new antibacterial agent

Safaei Mohsen, Mobarakeh Mohammad Salmani, Mozaffari Hamid Reza, Wong Ling Shing, Fallahnia Nima

Polimery

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2024

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Vol. 69, nr 10

559--567

EN

Chitosan/zeolite/ZnO nanocomposites with different contents of components were obtained using the Taguchi method. Based on the conducted studies, optimal conditions for the synthesis of the nanocomposite (7.5 mg/mL chitosan, 0.2 mg/mL zeolite and 9 mg/mL ZnO) with the best antibacterial properties (no growth of S. mutans) were established. Spectroscopic, microscopic, thermal, and antibacterial methods were used to characterize the nanocomposite and its components in relation to S. mutans biofilm. The chitosan/zeolite/ZnO nanocomposite can be used as an effective antibacterial compound in various applications due to its structural and antibacterial properties.

PL

Metodą Taguchi otrzymano nanokompozyty chitozan/zeolit/ZnO o różnej zawartości chitozanu, zeolitu i ZnO. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań ustalono optymalne warunki syntezy nanokompozytu (7,5 mg/mL chitozanu, 0,2 mg/mL zeolitu i 9 mg/mL ZnO) o najlepszych właściwościach przeciwbakteryjnych (brak wzrostu bakterii S. mutans). Do scharakteryzowania nanokompozytu i jego składników w odniesieniu do biofilmu S. mutans zastosowano metody spektroskopowe, mikroskopowe, termiczne i przeciwbakteryjne. Nanokompozyt chitozan/zeolit/ZnO może być stosowany jako skuteczny związek antybakteryjny w różnych zastosowaniach ze względu na swoją strukturalne i właściwości antybakteryjne.

8

Comparative study on the adsorption of lead ions by kaolin loaded chitosan by different modification methods

Zhang Shuqin, Boyue Yuan, Liu Yi, Zhang Kening, Ren Dajun, Zhang Xiaoqing

Environment Protection Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 50, nr 1

27--41

EN

The adsorption effect of two modified kaolin-chitosan composites prepared by different modification methods (cross-linking method (GL-CS) and click reaction method (TGL-CS) on lead ion wastewater was studied. The structure of TGL-CS has a denser pore structure than that of GL-CS, and the distribution of adsorption sites is more uniform. At 25 °C, pH 4, the adsorbent dosage of 0.05 g/dm3, reaction time of 4 h, and initial mass concentration of 150 mg/dm3, TGL-CS had the best effect on Pb2+ wastewater treatment, and the adsorption capacity was 76.159 mg/g. The adsorption studies of kinetic, thermodynamic, and thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption on GL-CS and TGL-CS was best described by the Langmuir model. The adsorption mechanism is mainly chemical adsorption. The adsorption process is spontaneous. These results show that the adsorbent prepared by click reaction has obvious advantages, with more adsorption capacity and adsorption sites, faster adsorption rate, and better application potential.

9

Preparation and comprehensive characterization of chitosan-based films enhanced with ferulic acid

Zasada Lidia, Chmielniak Dorota, Gwizdalska Klaudia, Kaczmarek-Szczepańska Beata

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2024

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vol. 27, no. 172

art. no. 08

EN

This study explores the development and detailed characterization of chitosan-based films enhanced with ferulic acid to improve their properties for biomedical, environmental, and packaging applications. Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from chitin, exhibits valuable attributes such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial properties. However, it requires modifications to overcome limitations in mechanical strength, water permeability, and antioxidant properties. Ferulic acid, a phenolic compound, was incorporated into chitosan films at varying concentrations (1%, 2%, 5%, and 10%) to investigate its influence on film properties. The films were characterized through FTIR to confirm interactions between ferulic acid and chitosan, resulting in enhanced mechanical flexibility, thermal stability, and water resistance. Mechanical tests indicated that ferulic acid improved film flexibility while maintaining tensile strength, making it suitable for flexible packaging and wound dressings. Additionally, water vapour permeability and swelling tests suggested potential improvements in moisture control. Optical assessments showed increased whiteness and reduced colour variability, highlighting the aesthetic and protective advantages of ferulic acid-enriched films. These findings suggest that ferulic acid-modified chitosan films can serve as multifunctional biomaterials, addressing the growing demand for sustainable, high-performance materials in various industries. Further research on biological properties is recommended to fully establish their applicability in biomedicine and environmentally sensitive applications.

10

Design and characterization of chitosan and chitosan/PVA microbeads for gallic acid delivery

Pawlak-Likus Zuzanna, Domalik-Pyzik Patrycja

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2024

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vol. 27, no. 172

art. no. 10

EN

Tissue engineering enables the development of tissues and organs that closely replicate physiological dimensions and functions. This field aims to address challenges related to organ transplantation, regenerative medicine, and the treatment of damaged tissues by designing biomaterials that can support cellular growth and tissue repair. One of the most important aspects of tissue engineering is the development of advanced delivery systems for drugs and active substances, which play a critical role in promoting regeneration. Controlled release, stability, and compatibility with the engineered environment are crucial parameters for these systems, as they influence the effectiveness and safety of therapeutic applications. In this study, microbeads for active compounds delivery were designed using two materials: a chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol (9:1 CS:PVA) polymer blend and pure chitosan modified with a polyphenolic compound, gallic acid. The physicochemical properties of the obtained microspheres, such as swelling ratio, microstructure, wettability, and active compound release, were analysed. The 9:1 CS:PVA+GA composite demonstrated the most promising characteristics as an active substance carrier, particularly due to its favourable release profile. These results suggest that this material could be an effective drug delivery system that offers controlled and sustained release of therapeutic agents. Further research, especially investigating the biological properties of these materials, is needed to fully confirm their suitability for practical applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering.

11

Multifunctional sericin-chitosan-Aloe vera composite film for food packaging

Kavi Palepu, Tarangini Korumilli, Kumaravel Varuna, Rao Korukonda Jagajjanani, Wacławek Stanisław, Cheong Jun Young, Padil Vinod V.T.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2024

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Vol. 31, nr 3

297--314

EN

In recent years, the demand for innovative, sustainable, and efficient food packaging solutions has surged in response to growing concerns about environmental impact, food safety, and quality preservation. A sericin-based polymer composite film with multifunctional properties shows promise as an alternative for enhancing food packaging. In this study, sericin-based composite films were prepared by incorporating Aloe vera gel, chitosan, and glycerol into a sericin solution (1.5% w/v) through facile homogenisation at 70°C, followed by casting and subsequent drying on a glass platform. The resulting dried film exhibited uniformity, a smooth texture, and successful integration of the composite components. The film demonstrated a moisture content of 21.02% and a porosity of 3.56%, with a thickness of (62.1 ± 2.3) μm. It exhibited moderate transparency with reasonable water vapour permeability. Notably, the DPPH scavenging results indicated that the film has a potent antioxidant capacity with an efficacy rate of 99.1%, supported further by a phenolic content of 11.5 mg GAE per gram of film. Controlled solute migration of components from the composite films was observed, particularly under acidic conditions. Importantly, toxicity evaluation on A549 cells revealed no adverse effects, even at higher concentrations. Due to its consistent film-forming ability, antioxidant potency, controlled migration, and safe nature, the developed sericin polymer-based film could be an effective alternative for food packaging sensitive foods, maintaining oxidative stability, reducing moisture loss, improving quality, and extending shelf life.

12

Application of fly ash/chitosan composites for heavy metal adsorption

Osmani Egzona, Dimitrievska Iva, Paunovik Perica, Atkovska Katerina, Rexhepi Fatos, Grozdanov Anita

Composites Theory and Practice

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2024

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R. 24, nr 2

87--94

EN

The aim of this paper is to investigate the potential of modified fly ash (FA) as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions from polluted waters. The effectiveness of unmodified FA was compared to FA modified with chitosan. The FA and FA/chitosan particles were characterized by means of SEM, XRF and FTIR methods. The FA and FA/chitosan composites were investigated as adsorbents for Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Experiments were carried out in a previously optimized pH (pH = 6), at room temperature for 3 hours. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to determine the maximum adsorption capacities of the fly ash samples for Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions. The experimental data indicate that the Langmuir isotherm fits better than the Freundlich isotherm for all the investigated systems. The obtained values of the qm, maximum adsorption capacity for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) with the FA/chitosan composites were (1.068, 1.00, 1.042, 1.369 mg/g), and (2.532, 2.063, 1.036, 2.146, 2.482 mg/g), respectively. The efficiency trend was Pb(II) > Cu(II). The results indicate that the removal efficiency for Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions was 91.1 % and 99.7 %, respectively.

13

Synthesis of clove essential oil-loaded chitosan-based edible films with different plasticizers

Zsivanovits G., Milenkova S., Marudova M., Nikolova K.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 128, nr 1

32--41

EN

Purpose: Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide known for its excellent biodegradable, barrier and antimicrobial properties. Therefore, it is often used in the preparation of edible films. A vast variety of essential oils have been incorporated into the films to enhance their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Despite all the positive effects of chitosan in its application as food packaging, its films are fragile and brittle. Therefore, plasticizers are usually added to improve the chitosan's mechanical properties. The present article investigates the effect of different plasticizers, namely Glycerol, Polyethylene glycol, and Polyvinyl alcohol, on the physical characteristics of clove essential oil-loaded chitosan film (chitosan/CEO). Design/methodology/approach: Chitosan/CEO films are prepared using the casting method. The intermolecular interactions are determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the surface morphology is observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the mechanical properties are tested in tensile and puncture modes. The thermal stability and the compound physical state are investigated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Water adsorption isotherms and water vapour permeability are also determined. Findings: The addition of plasticizer is found to have a beneficial effect on the mechanical properties of chitosan films and does not change the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance, colour parameters, and thermal stability drastically. In such a way, the plasticized films are suitable for food packaging. Practical implications: Future research will investigate the effect of other environmentally friendly plasticizers on edible films made from chitosan/essential oils. Originality/value: Based on our knowledge, the present research investigates the effect of different plasticizers on the chitosan/CEO edible films for the first time.

14

Production of polymeric film from chitosan and naphthalene for preservation

Redha Duaa Abdul, Hussain Ola Abdul, Al-Mutairi Nabeel Hasan

Archives of Engineering Knowledge

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2024

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T. 10, Nr 1

153--157

EN

This study dealt with the formation of film, which included naphthalene carried on the film of chitosan. Three types of films are performed: one as a coating, the second as a composite film, and the third as a submerged film with an additional 14% naphthalene. Glass transition temperature (Tg) was tested by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Thermodynamic energy calculations from the Tg variation were made, which were used to evaluate and determine the types of destructive or formative bonds and the energy accompanied (given or taken by the addition of material to the matrix, such as naphthalene to the chitosan film). From the results, which indicate that there is depression in the Tg of the chitosan due to the addition of 14% naphthalene because naphthalene acts as a plasticizer, it means that naphthalene with chitosan forms a more flexible film compared with the pure chitosan film. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) showed the chemical structure of chitosan and chitosan with 14 wt% naphthalene for the pure chitosan, coating, composite, and submerged films according to band values, which shows significant similarity between pure, coating, composite, and submerged films.

15

Effect of asparagus chitosan-rutin coating on losses and waste reduction during storage

Priss Olesia, Hutsol Taras, Glowacki Szymon, Bulhakov Pavlo, Bakhlukova Kseniia, Osokina Nina, Nurek Tomasz, Horetska Iryna, Mykhailova Lyudmyla

Agricultural Engineering

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2024

|

Vol. 28, No. 1

99--118

EN

Storage is a crucial component of a sustainable and efficient food supply system. Reduction of postharvest losses and waste is a vital strategy to improve efficiency, ensure product availability, and reduce environ-mental impact. Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) boasts a high nutritional value and complex of phytonutrients. Yet, the storage period for fresh asparagus is quite short, leading to rapid quality deterioration. An effective method to extend storage periods involves postharvest treatments using the natural biopolymer chitosan. The aim of the research was to assess the effectiveness of applying sustainable postharvest treatments based on chitosan and rutin, with a focus on losses and waste reduction during asparagus storage. The impact of the applied storage technology on the visual appeal and sensory attributes of asparagus, along with its effects on respiratory metabolism, weight loss, soluble solids, soluble carbohydrates, chlorophylls, and carotenoids, was systematically assessed. The findings indicate that the post-harvest treatment using chitosan and rutin effectively preserves the visual characteristics of asparaguswhen the storage period is prolonged to a week. A major advantage of this technology is a substantial reduction in waste, achieving the levels of 1.0-1.5%. The proportion of standard products post-storage ranged from 94.4% to 96.0%. The treatment with chitosan and rutin efficiently reduces weight loss by half and suppresses the respiration rate, leading to decreased losses in soluble solids, carbohydrates, chlorophylls, and carotenoids during storage. These outcomes underscore the effectiveness of the applied coating in impeding metabolic processes, resulting in minimized quantitative and qualitative losses in the product quality during a prolonged storage.

PL

Przechowywanie jest istotnym elementem zrównoważonego i skutecznego łańcucha dostaw żywności. Redukcja strat i odpadów po zbiorze stanowi ważną strategię, której celem jest ulepszenie skuteczności, zapewnienie dostępności produktów oraz zmniejszenie wpływu na środowisko. Szparaga (Asparagus officinalis L.) posiada wysokie wartości odżywcze oraz kompleks fitozwiązków. Jednak okres przechowywania świeżej szparagi jest dosyć krótki, za czym idzie gwałtowne pogorszenie jakości. Skuteczna metoda wydłużająca okres przechowywania polega na zastosowaniu po zbiorze zabiegów z użyciem naturalnego chitozanu polimerowego. Niniejsze badanie miało na celu ocenę skuteczności stosowania zrównoważonych zabiegów po zbiorze z zastosowaniem chitozanu i rutyny skupiając się na redukcji strat i odpadów podczas przechowywania szparagi. Systematycznie oceniano wpływ zastosowanej technologii przechowywania na wygląd zewnętrzny i cechy sensoryczne szparagi razem z wpływem na metabolizm oddechowy, straty wagi, rozpuszczalnych cząstek stałych, rozpuszczalnych węglowodanów, chlorofilu i karotenoidów. Wyniki wskazują na to, że zabiegi przeprowadzone po zbiorze z użyciem chitozanu i rutyny skutecznie podtrzymują charakterystykę wizualną szparagi podczas gdy okres przechowywania wydłużony jest o tydzień. Główną korzyścią tej technologii jest widoczna redukcja odpadów na poziomie 1-1-5%. Proporcja standardowych produktów po przechowywaniu wahała się między 94,4 a 96%. Użycie chitozanu i rutyny skutecznie zmniejsza stratę wagi o połowę i hamuje tempo zmniejszając w ten sposób straty rozpuszczalnych części stałych, węglowodanów, chlorofilu i karotenoidów podczas przechowywania. Niniejsze wyniki potwierdzają skuteczność zastosowanej powłoki w blokowaniu procesu metabolicznego, co skutkuje zmniejszonymi stratami ilościowymi i jakościowymi produktu podczas przedłużonego przechowywania.

16

The use of chitosan as an effective carrier of theophylline – an anti-asthmatic drug

Aziz Noor Firas, Hussein-Al-Ali Samer Hasan, Ghareeb Mowafaq Mohammed, Nashwan Nashwan Abdallah

Polimery

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2023

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Vol. 68, nr 3

157--168

EN

In order to solve the problem of frequent drug dosing and increase its effectiveness, theophylline (THP) was deposited on chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs). THP-CSNPs nanocomposites with the composition of 50, 75, 100 or 150 mg of chitosan (CS) and 25, 50, 75, 100 or 200 mg of tripolyphosphate (TPP) at pH 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 6.5 were prepared, and a constant weight of THP of 100 mg. The nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (PXRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The rate of drug release was also tested. The Minitab 18 program was used to analyze the results. The independent variables were the CS, TPP, and pH, while loading efficiency, zeta potential, and particle size were the dependent variables. The nanocomposites successfully transported and protected the drug, providing its sustained release.

PL

W celu rozwiązania problemu częstego dawkowania leku i zwiększenia jego efektywności teofilinę (THP) osadzono na nanocząstkach chitozanu (CSNPs). Przygotowano nanokompozyty THP-CSNPs o składzie 50, 75, 100 lub 150 mg chitozanu (CS) oraz 25, 50, 75, 100 lub 200 mg trójpolifosforanu (TPP) przy pH 4,0, 5,0, 6,0 i 6,5 oraz stałej masie THP wynoszącej 100 mg. Nanokompozyty charakteryzowano za pomocą dyfrakcji promieniowania rentgenowskiego (PXRD), skaningowej mikroskopii elektronowej z emisją polową (FE-SEM), spektroskopii w podczerwieni z transformacją Fouriera (FTIR). Zbadano również szybkość uwalniania leku. Do analizy wyników wykorzystano program Minitab 18. Niezależnymi zmiennymi były CS, TPP i pH, podczas gdy wydajność ładowania, potencjał zeta i wielkość cząstek były zmiennymi zależnymi. Nanokompozyty z powodzeniem transportowały i zabezpieczały lek, zapewniając jego przedłużone uwalnianie.

17

Eco-friendly bioplastic material development via sustainable seaweed biocomposite

Tarangini Korumilli, Huthaash Keshav, Kumar V. Nandha, Kumar Selva T., Jayakumar Onattu Damodharan, Wacławek Stanisław, Rao Korukonda Jagajjanani, Padil Vinod V. T.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2023

|

Vol. 30, nr 3

333--341

EN

The study focused on the development of an environmentally friendly bioplastic material using sustainable seaweed-based biocomposites. Algal biomass (Gracilaria edulis) was processed and combined with starch, glycerol, glacial acetic acid, and chitosan to create flexible, homogenous biopolymer films. These films exhibited comparable physical properties to commercial plastics and retained their inherent colour post-processing. Spectroscopic analysis revealed intense UV-Vis peak points aligned with seaweed composition. Mechanical testing demonstrated adequate strength and flexibility, similar to starch-based bioplastics, with a tensile strength of 3.383 MPa and lower elongation strength of about 31.90 %. Material migration tests indicated a preference for water, suggesting suitability for low-moisture foods. The bioplastic film displayed notable biodegradability and compostability, showcasing its potential as a sustainable alternative for food packaging. This innovative contribution advances eco-friendly bioplastic material, addressing plastic pollution and promoting biocomposite use.

18

Biomedical applications of nanoparticles of chitosan from marine waste

Ann Mary S., Sandhiya R., Prince S., Venkatraman J. M., Vignesh S., Hikku G. H., Ramachandran S.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 124, nr 2

71--75

EN

Purpose: The review focuses on chitosan nanoparticle synthesis and its biomedical applications. The review briefly explains the biomedical applications of antimicrobials, cancer therapy, gene therapy, and anti-ageing. Notably, the chitosan biological activity can be further increased by coating metal ions such as iron oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, etc. Design/methodology/approach: Chitosan is the N-acetyl derivative of chitin, which has the unique properties of biodegradability, non-toxicity, polycationic property and biocompatibility— no reports of ZnO sulphated chitosan nanoparticles being produced for antibacterial. We hope for the conduction of antibacterial research of ZnO sulphated chitosan nanoparticles. Findings: The study establishes that metal oxide nano-CH, characterised by an expanded size range beyond conventional parameters, exhibits a broad spectrum of biomedical applications. Its commendable biological attributes, encompassing biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and biodegradability, make it a vehicle for drug delivery in medicine. Research limitations/implications: Nanomedicine is an emerging branch of medicine that applies tools and the basis of nanotechnology for disease prevention, treatment and diagnosis. Moreover, it helps overcome conventional medicine's limitations, including adverse side effects, poor pharmacokinetics and lack of selectivity. Originality/value: Using chitosan extracted from marine waste presents economic advantages. Furthermore, when coated with metal oxide nanoparticles, it enhances biomedical efficacy. Chitosan is an effective drug delivery vehicle, and its theranostic applications are valuable in the biomedical sector.

19

Postharvest treatments influenced the incidence of internal browning, phenol, aba, and GA3 contents of two pineapple clones

Chandra David, Widodo Soesiladi Esti, Kamal Muhammad, Waluyo Sri

Acta Innovations

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2023

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no. 50

74--80

EN

Phenol is an internal browning (IB) enzymatic reaction substrate and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) used to suppress IB incidence in the Comte de Paris cultivar (Queen type). There is no information on the correlation between pineapple IB to endogenous total phenol content (TPC), ABA, and gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) after postharvest applications of decrowning. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the relationship of IB incidence to total TPC, ABA, and GA3 after postharvest treatments of decrowning and coating in GP3 and MD2 pineapple clones. The structure was based on a completely randomized design with 3 factors, namely clone (GP3 and MD2), decrowning (crown and crownless), and coating [50 mg L-1 ABA, 1% chitosan, ABA+Chitosan mixture, and control (H2O)]. The results showed that the MD2 had a lower IB incidence and higher TPC than the GP3 stored at 7°C for 37 days. The increased TPC was positively correlated with IB incidence. TPC was also negatively correlated with ABA but positively with endogenous GA3 2 weeks earlier. Coating with 50 mg L-1 ABA and 1% chitosan on MD2 decreased IB incidence. Pineapple crown pruning decreased ABA and increased TPC, GA3, and IB incidence.

20

Novel synthesis of PEGylated chitosan. Part II: Research

Wyrębska Łucja, Masłowska-Lipowicz Iwona, Słubik Anna

Technologia i Jakość Wyrobów

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2022

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R. 67

81--89

EN

This article is a continuation of the article: Synthesis and evaluation of the possibility of using some chitosan derivatives in the leather industry. Part I: Literature Review [1]. Part II describes the synthesis of methoxy poly (ethylene glycol) chitosan (mPEGylated chitosan). Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) with two different molecular weights was used. The effective grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with chitosan was preceded by the activation of the hydroxyl group in the PEG molecule. Benzenesulfonyl chloride was used to activate the hydroxyl group. The course of the reaction for the preparation of PEG esters and PEG-chitosan was confirmed by chromatography.

PL

Praca jest kontynuacją artykułu: Synteza i ocena możliwości wykorzystania niektórych pochodnych chitozanu w przemyśle skórzanym. Część I: Przegląd literatury [1]. W części II opisano syntezę metoksypoli(glikolu etylenowego) chitozanu (mPEGylowanego chitozanu). Stosowano metoksypoli(glikol etylenowy) o dwóch różnych masach cząsteczkowych. Efektywne szczepienie poli(glikolu etylenowego) (PEG) chitozanem poprzedzone było aktywacją grupy hydroksylowej w cząsteczce PEG. Chlorek benzenosulfonylu zastosowano do aktywacji grupy hydroksylowej. Przebieg reakcji otrzymywania estrów PEG i PEG-chitozanu potwierdzono chromatograficznie.