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EN
The decision on the selection of rollers is often based on the results of tests conducted in accordance with the requirements of the standard. In order for the sample, the number of which depends on the size of the roller batch, to be compliant with the standard, it must pass all the tests included therein. Whether or not a roller sample meets the standard requirements often determines whether the entire batch is accepted or returned by the ordering party. The paper presents the experience gained during the performance of a series of tests of new roller samples conducted in accordance with the standard requirements. A comparative analysis of the test results with the standard requirements showed that the rejection of a roller sample was often determined by a parameter that slightly exceeded the tolerance and had little practical significance, while at the same time the overall quality of this roller sample was high. On this basis, it was found that the weight of individual parameters is not equal, especially in the aspect of the planned place of use, and consequently the operating conditions of the rollers. The authors proposed the use of the APEKS multi-criteria decision-making method, which allows, with established weights of standard parameters and other parameters determining the suitability of a given idler variant for theexpected operating conditions, to select the best variant in the light of the adopted criteria.
EN
The article develops and tests a method for comparing electric energy consumption by belt conveyors operating in a lignite mine. The source of information for creating the comparison method was data about the energy used by conveyors in one of the Polish lignite mines, the amount of transported mass, and the operating times of the conveyors. This data was collected for about 4 years in the mine for two twin conveyors transporting coal from the mine to the power plant. Parameters related to atmospheric conditions were also recorded: temperature and humidity. The measurements were taken at the same time on twin conveyors with standard belts. It can be assumed that any differences in energy consumption did not result from differences in operating conditions. The energy indicator used to transport 1 Mg of coal over a 1-kilometer distance in the analyzed period was calculated. The differences found in energy consumption between the conveyors analyzed were statistically significant. Since the conveyors selected for comparison were twins, it was expected that the result would be a lack of grounds for finding significant differences. It turned out to be otherwise, and this was thoroughly investigated.
PL
W artykule zostały zaprezentowane innowacyjne narzędzia służące do projektowania i tworzenia cyfrowego modelu przenośnia taśmowego. Działanie narzędzi opiera się o zaawansowane obliczenia analityczne oraz modelowanie w przestrzeni trójwymiarowej. Dzięki takiemu połączniu możliwe jest stworzenie modeli przenośników posiadających znaczną długość oraz skomplikowaną geometrię w tym zawierającą liczne wzniesienia oraz łuki. Ponieważ stworzony model oparty jest o geometrię trójwymiarową oraz jednocześnie zawiera wszystkie niezbędne parametry fizyczne przenośnika, stanowi on kamień milowy niezbędny do stworzenia cyfrowego bliźniaka przenośnika taśmowego.
EN
The article presents innovative tools for designing and creating a digital model of a conveyor belt. These tools rely on advanced analytical calculations and three-dimensional modeling. This combination makes it possible to create conveyor models With considerable length and complex geometry, including numerous elevations and curves. Since the created model is based on three-dimensional geometry and contains all the necessary physical parameters of the conveyor, it serves as a milestone essential for the development of a digital twin of the conveyor belt.
EN
The issue of energy efficiency in belt conveyors aligns with the current trends of energy saving in mining, driven by sustainable development goals and European legislation. The topic of energy-efficient conveyor transport faces the challenge of objectively assessing the energy efficiency of belt conveyors. The presented article demonstrates an analysis of the energy efficiency of belt conveyors in a lignite open-pit mine. As part of the research, the energy consumption of conveyors operating in a transport system was compared using the parameter of electrical energy consumption and the specific energy consumption (SEC) index, highlighting significant parameters affecting its interpretation. Based on the values of the modified lifting resistance SEC index, and the volume of transported material, observations were divided into groups reflecting energy efficiency classes using a k-means algorithm. The research shows that a proper assessment of the energy efficiency of a belt conveyor should consider the amount of transported mass concerning the maximum capacity, the conveyor’s design parameters, and the working environment characteristics.
PL
W obecnych czasach kopalnie węgla kamiennego zmagają się z powszechnym zjawiskiem dekarbonizacji gospodarek krajów europejskich. Dlatego zmuszone są stale poszukiwać możliwości obniżania jednostkowych kosztów wydobycia. Jest to wyjątkowo trudne w obecnych czasach, ponieważ producenci maszyn i urządzeń górniczych nie są skłonni ponosić wysokich kosztów na badania i rozwój nowych produktów, gdyż branża ta jest obarczona wysokim ryzykiem nieopłacalności. Ten artykuł opisuje jeden z przykładów, w którym podjęto próbę obniżenia kosztów wydobycia węgla kamiennego, wykorzystując modyfikację sposobu sterowania podziemnymi odstawami urobku w polskiej kopalni LW „Bogdanka”.
EN
Hard coal mines are increasingly struggling with the widespread phenomenon of the decarbonization of the economies of European countries. As a result, they are forced to constantly look for opportunities to reduce unit mining costs. This is extremely difficult because producers of mining machinery and equipment are unwilling to incur high costs for the research and development of new products, as this industry is burdened with a high risk of unprofitability. This article describes one of the examples in which an attempt was made to reduce the costs of hard coal mining by modifying the method of controlling underground haulages consisting of belt conveyors in the Polish LW “Bogdanka” mine.
EN
Hard coal mines are increasingly struggling with the widespread phenomenon of the decarbonization of the economies of European countries. As a result, they are forced to constantly look for opportunities to reduce unit mining costs. This is extremely difficult because producers of mining machinery and equipment are unwilling to incur high costs for the research and development of new products, as this industry is burdened with a high risk of unprofitability. This article describes one of the examples in which an attempt was made to reduce the costs of hard coal mining by modifying the method of controlling underground haulages consisting of belt conveyors in the Polish LW “Bogdanka” mine.
PL
W obecnych czasach kopalnie węgla kamiennego zmagają się z powszechnym zjawiskiem dekarbonizacji gospodarek krajów europejskich. Dlatego zmuszone są stale poszukiwać możliwości obniżania jednostkowych kosztów wydobycia. Jest to wyjątkowo trudne w obecnych czasach, ponieważ producenci maszyn i urządzeń górniczych nie są skłonni ponosić wysokich kosztów na badania i rozwój nowych produktów, gdyż branża ta jest obarczona wysokim ryzykiem nieopłacalności. Ten artykuł opisuje jeden z przykładów, w którym podjęto próbę obniżenia kosztów wydobycia węgla kamiennego, wykorzystując modyfikację sposobu sterowania podziemnymi odstawami urobku w polskiej kopalni LW „Bogdanka”.
EN
40 years of mining it is for LW „Bogdanka" S.A. a time of intensive development of the most interesting of the underground transport systems, which is transport using belt conveyors. The article presents the elements of the transport system, the implementation of which had an impact on its functionality and efficiency, so that it is now possible to use underground devices that ensure transport capacity of up to 4300 t/h of excavated material in main haulage lines and the ability to separate gangue from excavated material in the transport process carried out under up to 3000 tonnes per day. Exploitation of more and more distant resources is an impulse to expand and improve the system. The prospects for the future include the expansion of the belt conveyor system enabling the transport of the crew to work places and the development of the transport management system by an operator located on the ground.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono elementy układu transportu podziemnego z wykorzystaniem przenośników taśmowych, których wdrożenie w LW „Bogdanka" S.A. miało wpływ na rozwój jego funkcjonalności i efektywności. Dzięki temu możliwe było użytkowanie pod ziemią urządzeń zapewniających wydajności transportowe wynoszące do 4300 t/h urobku w ciągach odstawy głównej oraz zdolności separacji skały płonnej od urobku w procesie transportu, realizowanego pod ziemią wynoszące do 3000 t/d. Perspektywy na przyszłość to rozbudowa systemu przenośników umożliwiających transport załogi do miejsc pracy oraz rozwój systemu zarządzania transportem przez operatora znajdującego się na powierzchni.
EN
The paper shows the results of researching the rollers used in belt conveyors working in a hard coal mine. Rollers should be characterized by low rotation resistance, which results in low power consumption of the propulsion unit. The tests conducted aimed to assess the technical condition of the new C-type rollers after several years of operation in a hard coal mine. The research was carried out from the new approach to the standard issues of roll testing and verification in a hard coal mine. Laboratory tests were combined with testing the entire belt conveyor in terms of power demand. The research was carried out for 3 years and it was monitored how the dynamic resistance of the working rollers changed and how this translates into the power demand consumed by the belt conveyor in a hard coal mine. The aim of the research was a new approach to the research of rollers used in conveyors operating in a mine.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zasady racjonalnego wykorzystania posiadanych w podziemnych zakładach górnictwa węglowego podzespołów przenośników w celu zestawienia kompletnych urządzeń właściwych dla konkretnych lokalizacji i wymaganych parametrów pracy. Ponieważ często są to zespoły od różnych producentów, to użytkownik będzie zobowiązany do przygotowania zbiorczej instrukcji obsługi oraz wystawienia deklaracji zgodności.
EN
The article presents the principles of the rational use of conveyor subassemblies owned in underground coal mining plants for the purpose of listing complete devices appropriate for specific locations and required operating parameters. Since these are often units from different manufacturers, the user will be required to prepare a collective User Manual and issue a Declaration of Conformity.
EN
The article presents the principles of the rational use of conveyor subassemblies owned in underground coal mining plants for the purpose of listing complete devices appropriate for specific locations and required operating parameters. Since these are often units from different manufacturers, the user will be required to prepare a collective User Manual and issue a Declaration of Conformity.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zasady racjonalnego wykorzystania posiadanych w podziemnych zakładach górnictwa węglowego podzespołów przenośników w celu zestawienia kompletnych urządzeń właściwych dla konkretnych lokalizacji i wymaganych parametrów pracy. Ponieważ często są to zespoły od różnych producentów, to użytkownik będzie zobowiązany do przygotowania zbiorczej instrukcji obsługi oraz wystawienia deklaracji zgodności.
EN
The dynamic processes of the system of stabilization of the speed of the conveyor belt with a built-in hydraulic drive on the basis of an improved mathematical model, which takes into account the physical phenomena occurring in the hydraulic system during the action of alternating load. The influence of the main parameters of the hydraulic system and the magnitude of the load on the course of dynamic processes is analyzed and recommendations for their selection are formulated. The proposed scheme of the built-in hydraulic drive of a conveyor belt with system of stabilization of speed of movement automatically provides its uninterrupted work. The use of an additional hydraulic pump allowed to stabilize the speed of the conveyor belt to 7.8%, provided that the load on the working link is 2.3 times.
PL
Rozważono procesy dynamiczne układu stabilizacji prędkości taśmy przenośnika z wbudowanym napędem hydraulicznym w oparciu o udoskonalony model matematyczny uwzględniający zjawiska fizyczne zachodzące w układzie hydraulicznym podczas działania obciążenia zmiennego. Przeanalizowano wpływ głównych parametrów układu hydraulicznego i wielkości obciążenia na przebieg procesów dynamicznych oraz sformułowano zalecenia dotyczące ich doboru. Zaproponowany schemat wbudowanego napędu hydraulicznego przenośnika taśmowego z systemem stabilizacji prędkości ruchu automatycznie zapewnia jego nieprzerwaną pracę. Zastosowanie dodatkowej pompy hydraulicznej pozwoliło ustabilizować prędkość taśmy przenośnika na poziomie 7,8% przy założeniu, że obciążenie ogniwa roboczego jest 2,3 razy większe.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono badania nad określeniem stanu cieplnego jednostek napędowych przenośnika taśmowego odstawy głównej. W realizowanych badaniach wykorzystano termowizję, którą charakteryzuje bezdotykowy pomiar. W oparciu o uzyskane wyniki wyciągnięto wnioski o stanie technicznym jednostek napędowych.
EN
Underground mining involves natural processes associated with high temperatures generated by rocks as well as the machinery and equipment used in the production. A belt conveyor transporting excavated material from the longwall is one of such elements. The performance of power unit of belt conveyors located in workings where the air temperature i.s high, impacts the efficiency of the overall mining process. A thermal imaging study was performed to determine the thermal condition of such a power unit. Al! the measurements were taken using a thermal imaging camera. The main research task was to detect changes associated with an increase in temperature of an operating conveyor drive unit. A series of measurements have been taken and the results of them have shown the correct thermal condition of the conveyor analysed.
EN
The paper presents the description and results of experimental research whose purpose was to analyze the vibration influence the miner's body during riding on a belt conveyor for transporting coal. The transport of people on mining belt conveyors is a commonly used method to increase mining efficiency and improve a mine's profitability. The paper presents an assessment of safety and comfort parameters used in transporting people, the effect of strong vibrations on the human body and its internal organs, the measuring system used to record the accelerations during the experiment and the measurement results. The recorded data enabled a dynamic analysis of the movement and an assessment of safety and comfort of transported miners on the basis of defined indicators. The data included the accelerations from the moment of getting on the conveyor belt to the moment of going down onto the platform. The tests were carried out for two different belt conveyor speeds, which allowed to assess how conveyor speed affects safety and comfort of people transported on the mining belt conveyor.
PL
Zgodnie z wymaganiami polityki ekologicznej, działania kopalń odkrywkowych w zakresie ochrony środowiska powinny mieć charakter kompleksowy i uwzględniać muszą zasadę zrównoważonego rozwoju. Jedno z podstawowych zadań w tym obszarze dotyczy redukcji uciążliwego hałasu emitowanego do środowiska. W przypadkach eksploatowanych ciągów transportowych skuteczna walka z ponadnormatywnym hałasem jest możliwa dopiero po szczegółowym rozpoznaniu głównych źródeł jego powstawania. W oparciu o studia literaturowe opisano możliwe źródła hałasu towarzyszące pracy przenośnika taśmowego. W dalszej części artykułu przedstawiono badania rozpoznawcze źródeł hałasu. Badania przeprowadzono w warunkach laboratoryjnych z wykorzystaniem kamery akustycznej, jako narzędzia pozwalającego na identyfikację w przestrzeni i klasyfikację poszczególnych źródeł hałasu. Zidentyfikowano wybrane zjawiska towarzyszące pracy głównych podzespołów przenośnika i przypisano im charakterystyczne zakresy częstotliwości.
EN
In accordance with the requirements of the ecological policy, the operation of opencast mines in the field of environmental protection should be comprehensive and must take into account the principle of sustainable development. One of the basic tasks in this area concerns the reduction of nuisance noise emitted to the environment. In the case of exploited transport lines, an effective fight against excessive noise is possible only after a detailed identification of the main sources of its generation. Possible sources of noise accompanying the operation of the belt conveyor have been described based on literature studies. The further part of the work presents identification tests of noise sources. The research was carried out in laboratory conditions with the use of an acoustic camera as a tool allowing for the spatial identification and classification of individual noise sources. Selected phenomena accompanying the operation of the main components of the conveyor have been identified and their characteristic frequency ranges assigned to them.
EN
The article presents the results of research of the Gwarek 1200 belt conveyor. The work aimed to determine the possible benefits of changing the type of rollers used. It was expected that the change of the rollers from N-type to C-type will reduce the costs of energy consumed by the conveyor drive system. This part of the research was carried out in a hard coalmine at the level of 665 m. The test was given the entire power unit in terms of the starting power demand and rated power in real time. Measurement works were carried out before and after the modernization of the conveyor for 5 years. Moreover, it was decided to extend the research to include vibroacoustic tests, aimed at determining the technical condition by measuring vibrations. It is expected that based on the analysis of vibration signals in the long term will allow to develop a method for diagnosing belt conveyor rollers and to quickly detect their malfunction under normal operating conditions.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano wybrane techniki monitorowania stanu przenośników taśmowych. Dobór technik monitorowania odbywał się ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem możliwości zastosowania nowoczesnych technik komputerowych, takich jak sztuczna inteligencja czy wizja komputerowa. Pod uwagę zostały w pierwszej kolejności wzięte zagadnienia, które w obecnej sytuacji nie są w wystarczający sposób opracowane. Wewnątrz artykułu znajdują się opisy detektora drgań w oparciu o kable światłowodowe, monitoring za pomocą badania natężenia dźwięku oraz detekcje wizualne problemów występujących podczas pracy przenośników taśmowych.
EN
The article presents selected techniques for monitoring the status of belt conveyors. The selection of techniques was carried out with particular emphasis on the possibility of using modern computer techniques such as artificial intelligence or computer vision. Issues that were currently not sufficiently addressed in the current situation were taken into account. Inside the article are descriptions of the vibration detector based on fiber optic cables, monitoring by means of sound intensity testing and visual detection of problems occurring during the operation of belt conveyors.
EN
The publication presents the assumptions of the unification process of machines and equipment produced by Jastrzębskie Zakłady Remontowe Sp. z o. o. and operating at the coal mines of the JSW Capital Group. It outlines a solution adopted by JZR Sp. z o. o. addressing this issue. The authors identify the potential benefits of the process to the entire Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa Capital Group, but they also mention the risks that may arise during its implementation. The publication also presents the first results of the unification, observed on the basis of the unified equipment and machinery of the coal clearance system for transporting people, coal and materials, which has already been put into operation in underground mining excavations. It also includes a chapter devoted to the influence of the unification on the development of “technical thought,” i.e. on the innovativeness of the equipment for transporting people, coal and materials newly produced by Jastrzębskie Zakłady Remontowe Sp. z o. o. which are to be implemented in the near future. New, innovative solutions are presented, which were introduced both in the unified transport devices such as chain and belt conveyors and in devices cooperating with them, i.e. lump breakers, pushing devices and other accessory equipment for the conveyors.
EN
The publication presents the construction of the station for testing the friction coefficient under high pressure and low slip velocity values. These conditions of cooperation of friction pairs occur in the drives of transport machines such as belt conveyors and suspended monorails. The value of the friction coefficient, depending on the operating conditions such as moisture and rock or coal dust pollution, has a significant impact on the correct and efficient operation of such drives. The features of the station allow mapping the operating conditions on a laboratory scale. As part of the research, appropriate friction samples made of rubber or polyurethane were prepared. Referring to the conditions of conveyor operation and conditions of contact of the conveyor belt with the drive drum, the values of unit pressures and values of slip speed occurring in the drum drive of the belt conveyor were determined. A series of laboratory tests were carried out for the friction pair rubber drum lining – conveyor belt cover. The tests were carried out for four different states of friction vapor surfaces, namely for dry and wet samples, as well as for samples in clean or contaminated with stone dust. As a result of the tests, the values of friction coefficients for various surface states were determined, which will be valuable information for designers of friction drive systems of transport devices.
EN
The publication presents the evaluation of the effectiveness of belt tensioning systems based on the results of model laboratory tests. The types of tensioning devices most commonly used in industry were selected for testing: winch, gravity, pneumatic and follower. The evaluation of the efficiency of belt tensioning devices is complex, as the tensioning system is not autonomous and is only part of the belt conveyor equipment. Therefore, the publication presents the impact of belt tension force on the durability of basic conveyor components such as the belt and its joints, and drums. The characteristics of the tested belt tensioning devices are presented and the construction and research capabilities of the laboratory model of the belt conveyor are described. Measuring systems mounted on the conveyor are described in detail, enabling recording of variable conveyor operating conditions, measuring belt speed, driving force and belt stress. The results of the research are the experimental static characteristics of the most commonly used tensioning devices, which show the relationship between the drive moment and the belt tensioning force. Obtained characteristics will allow the development of guidelines for the design and selection of the most effective belt tensioning devices.
EN
As we are increasingly focusing on the economy of mining, researchers are constantly trying to find new technologies to improve existing machines to be more efficient and less perishable. Such actions allow mining companies to save money in all of the mining processes. The authors focused on the transport of materials and how to improve it. The most frequent problems in this matter are caused by the destruction of conveyor belts. The cost of repairs is estimated at about half a billion crowns in the Czech Republic. That is why engineers are working on reduction of the rock impact force on the conveyor belt. The paper deals with the issue of reducing the passage of conveyor belts by proposing a new solution to the impact stand, which will considerably reduce the number of conveyor belt breaks.
PL
Zwracając uwagę na ekonomikę wydobycia, nieustannie trwają badania poszukujące nowych technologii ulepszających istniejące maszyny i urządzenia, by były one bardziej wydajne i mniej wadliwe. Takie działania pozwalają firmom górniczym oszczędzać pieniądze we wszystkich procesach wydobywczych. Autorzy skupili się na transporcie materiałów i tym, jak go poprawić. Najczęstsze problemy w tej kwestii są spowodowane zniszczeniem taśm przenośnikowych. W Czechach koszt napraw szacowany jest na około pół miliarda koron rocznie. Dlatego inżynierowie pracują nad zmniejszeniem siły uderzenia skały w taśmę przenośnika. W artykule poruszono kwestię zmniejszenia awaryjności taśm przenośnikowych w miejscu przesypu, proponując nowe rozwiązanie stołu udarowego pochłaniającego energię uderzenia, który znacznie zmniejszy liczbę zerwań taśmy przenośnikowej. (Nowe rozwiązanie konstrukcyjne zmniejszające wpływ transportowanej skały na przenośniki taśmowe w górnictwie)
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