Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Possibilities of Writing a Tribology Article Using Artificial Intelligence Software ChatGPT

Posmyk Andrzej, Posmyk Aleksander, Mathia Thomas

Tribologia

|

2026

|

nr 2

60--68

EN

This paper presents the possibilities of writing a tribology article using artificial intelligence. Both free and paid ChatGPT were used to write an article on a given topic. The free version (3.5) was used by a co-author with tribology knowledge but no experience with AI. The paid version (4.5) was used by a computer scientist with no tribology knowledge working professionally with AI. Both versions of ChatGPT were given the same task of writing an article, which was then refined twice. Both programs wrote a draft article according to the required format. After analysing the written articles, it can be concluded that available AI programs can be helpful in writing articles, including collecting and analysing information from the available literature, but they require the user to have both substantive knowledge (in this case, of tribology) and computer science knowledge of how to use AI. Draft articles require detailed review because ChatGPT “hallucinates” by citing and referencing non-existent literature and authors.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono możliwości napisania artykułu z tribologii przy wykorzystaniu sztucznej inteligencji. Do napisania artykułu na zadany temat wykorzystano nieodpłatny (3.5) i płatny ChatGPT (4.5). Z nieodpłatnego korzystał współautor z wiedzą z tribologii, ale bez doświadczenia z AI, z odpłatnego nie mający wiedzy z tribologii, informatyk pracujący z AI. Obydwu wersjom ChatGPT zadano polecenie napisania artykułu, które później uszczegółowiano dwukrotnie. Obydwa programy napisały szkic artykułu wg wymaganego schematu. Po analizie artykułów można powiedzieć, że dostępne programy AI mogą być pomocne przy pisaniu, w tym w gromadzeniu i analizie informacji z literatury, ale wymagają od użytkownika wiedzy zarówno merytorycznej, w tym przypadku tribologicznej, jak i informatycznej ze sposobów korzystania z AI. Szkice artykułów wymagają szczegółowego sprawdzenia, ponieważ ChatGPT „halucynując” cytuje i podaje np. nieistniejące pozycje literatury i nieistniejących autorów.

2

Influence of Processing Temperature on Wear Properties of Materials Printed Using FDM Technology

Lemecha Magdalena, Ligier Krzysztof, Choszcz Dariusz Jan, Janulin Michał

Tribologia

|

2026

|

nr 1

15--26

EN

This study analyzes the influence of FDM printing temperature on the wear properties of the PA-12 polyamide under dry friction conditions and in the presence of an abrasive slurry. Tests were carried out using the ball-cratering method at three extrusion temperatures (255 °C, 260 °C, and 265 °C). Under dry friction conditions, the highest wear rate was recorded for samples printed at 255 °C, while increasing the printing temperature to 260 °C and 265 °C progressively reduced the wear intensity. A similar decreasing trend was observed when friction occurred in the presence of an abrasive slurry, where higher printing temperatures led to significantly lower wear rates. This behavior can be attributed to improved interlayer bonding, enhanced structural cohesion, and reduced material porosity at elevated processing temperatures, which collectively increase the resistance of the material to both adhesive and abrasive wear mechanisms. Analysis of wear mechanisms revealed adhesion dominance under dry friction and abrasive wear in the presence of abrasive particles. The results confirm the significant impact of printing parameters on the tribological durability of FDM-manufactured components.

PL

W pracy przeanalizowano wpływ temperatury druku metodą FDM na właściwości zużyciowe poliamidu PA-12 w warunkach tarcia suchego oraz z udziałem zawiesiny ściernej. Badania przeprowadzono metodą ball-cratering dla trzech temperatur ekstruzji (255°C, 260°C i 265°C). W warunkach tarcia suchego najwyższą szybkość zużycia odnotowano dla próbek drukowanych w temperaturze 255°C, natomiast podniesienie temperatury druku do 260°C i 265°C spowodowało stopniowe zmniejszenie intensywności zużycia. Podobną tendencję spadkową zaobserwowano w przypadku tarcia w obecności zawiesiny ściernej, gdzie wyższe temperatury druku prowadziły do znacznie niższej szybkości zużycia. To zachowanie można przypisać lepszemu wiązaniu międzywarstwowemu, zwiększonej spójności strukturalnej i zmniejszonej porowatości materiału w podwyższonych temperaturach przetwarzania, co łącznie zwiększa odporność materiału na mechanizmy zużycia adhezyjnego i ściernego. Analiza mechanizmów zużycia wykazała dominację adhezji w tarciu suchym oraz zużycia ściernego w obecności cząstek ściernych. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają istotny wpływ parametrów druku na trwałość tribologiczną elementów wytwarzanych metodą FDM.

3

Development and applications of protective DLC-based coatings in tooling industry

Grzesik Wit, Małecka Joanna

Mechanik

|

2026

|

R. 99, nr 4

6--11

EN

The article presents the state-of-the-art of the classification and fabrication methods of multilayer DLC-based coatings, as well as methods for tailoring specific physico-chemical, mechanical and tribological properties, e.g. through modification of their chemical composition and doping. The main techniques for deposition of DLC layers are discussed, with particular emphasis on the effect of process parameters on the composition, structure (sp2/sp3 bonding ratio), and internal stresses within the coatings. The paper presents extensive research results on the mechanical, tribological, and functional properties of DLC coatings under various operating conditions. Current and potential applications in various sectors of tooling industries, such as machining, metal forming, and pressure die-casting, are discussed. A substantial portion of the article is devoted to the use of multilayer, e.g. TiAlN/DLC coated cutting tools in the machining of different work materials. The article highlights the main technological limitations and the resulting directions for further development.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia aktualny stan wiedzy dotyczący klasyfikacji i metod wytwarzania powłok z warstwą DLC oraz sposobów uzyskania specyficznych właściwości fizykochemicznych, mechanicznych i tribologicznych, m.in. przez modyfikację składu chemicznego i domieszkowanie. Omówiono główne techniki osadzania warstw DLC ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wpływu parametrów procesów na skład, strukturę (stosunek wiązań sp2/sp3) oraz naprężenia wewnętrzne powłok. W pracy przedstawiono obszerne wyniki badań dotyczące właściwości mechanicznych, tribologicznych i funkcjonalnych powłok z warstwą DLC w różnych warunkach eksploatacji. Omówiono aktualne i potencjalne zastosowania w różnych działach przemysłu nnarzędziowego, takich jak skrawanie, obróbka plastyczna i odlewanie ciśnieniowe. Obszerną część artykułu poświęcono zastosowaniu powłok wielowarstwowych, np. typu TiAlN/DLC, w skrawaniu różnych materiałów. W artykule wyszczególniono główne ograniczenia technologiczne oraz wynikające z nich kierunki dalszych badań rozwojowych.

4

Właściwości tribologiczne stali 25CrMo4 wytwarzanej metodą LPBF w kontekście zastosowań przemysłowych

Kublińska Agnieszka, Sułowski Maciej

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2025

|

T. 104, nr 12

1260--1265

PL

Przedstawiono badania tribologiczne stali 25CrMo4 wytwarzanej metodą selektywnego przetapiania w złożu proszkowym LPBF (laser powder bed fusion). Analizowano wpływ parametrów procesu gęstości energii objętościowej (VED) i gęstości energii liniowej (LED) na mikrostrukturę, porowatość i odporność na zużycie przy obciążeniach 100 kN i 200 kN. Wyniki wykazały, że przy wartościach VED ok. 90 J/mm³ występowały niekorzystne zjawiska zwiększające zużycie, natomiast w zakresie 55-70 J/mm³ otrzymano najlepsze właściwości tribologiczne. Odpowiednia kontrola parametrów LPBF pozwalała więc na uzyskanie stali o korzystnej mikrostrukturze i zwiększonej trwałości eksploatacyjnej.

EN

The effect of VED (volumetric energy density) and LED (linear energy density) process parameters on the microstructure, porosity, and wear resistance of 25CrMo4 steel produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) at loads of 100 kN and 200 kN was analyzed. The results showed that high VED values, in the order of 90 J/mm³, led to unfavorable effects, increasing wear, while the range of 55-70 J/mm³ provided the best tribological performance. Proper control of LPBF parameters therefore enables the prodn. of steel with a favorable microstructure and improved service life.

5

Tribological properties of PLA-based composites produced by 3D printing

Bohun L., Mierzwiński D., Tepla T., Gądek S., Nykiel M., Vasylieva A.-M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2025

|

Vol. 128, nr 1

5--17

EN

Purpose: The current trends in the development of additive technologies, which are actively used in various industries, have been analysed. Special attention was found to be paid to polylactic acid (PLA), an environmentally friendly and biodegradable polymer widely used in 3D printing due to its low melting point and cost-effectiveness. The tribological properties of PLA were improved by adding clay in different concentrations and changing the filling type during printing. The highest indicators of wear resistance and the minimum coefficient of friction were found in the PLA/0.1Clay composite with Grid 90/85 filling. Such a type of filling provided optimal tribological properties for all composites due to the implementation of an abrasive wear mechanism accompanied by plastic deformation. It was revealed that the introduction of clay plasticized the material, which resulted in the widening of the sliding tracks. Design/methodology/approach: Pure PLA and PLA/Clay composites with different clay concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 g per 50 g PLA) were used for the study. The samples were printed with Sphere/100, Grid 90/100 and Grid 90/85 infill to study the effect of structure and density on tribological properties. Density, clay distribution (SEM), tribological tests, as well as wear track structure and friction mechanisms were investigated. The nature of clay distribution in the obtained filaments was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on a JSM-IT200 scanning electron microscope (Tokyo, Japan). To establish the elemental composition of the clay used to create the filaments, X-ray fluorescence analysis was performed on a CEP-01 Elvax Light X-ray spectrometer. The hardness of the samples was measured by indentation according to the Shore method on the Shore hardness tester HT-6510D. Tribological studies of the obtained samples were carried out according to the ball-on-disk scheme on the Tester T-01M computerized friction machine. The microstructure of the surfaces of the studied samples was analysed using an MBS-9 microscope. Findings: The influence of the chemical composition of PLA/Clay and the type of filler on the tribological characteristics, including wear resistance, wear intensity and friction mechanisms, was evaluated. The optimal composite composition (PLA/0.1Clay) and the type of filler (Grid 90/85) were determined to ensure the best performance properties. Research limitations/implications: The work focuses on PLA/Clay composites and dry friction conditions, which require further research for other fillers and operating environments. The results provide a basis for developing environmentally friendly wear-resistant materials with improved tribotechnical properties. Practical implications: The study demonstrates the potential of PLA composites for parts operating in friction pairs without lubrication, particularly in the automotive, medical and textile industries. The results contribute to the development of additive manufacturing for manufacturing wear-resistant parts with complex geometries. Originality/value: The article comprehensively analyses the influence of the composition of PLA composites with the addition of clay and the type of filling during 3D printing on tribological properties. The proposed combination of materials science and tribological methods for optimizing polymer properties significantly contributes to the development of environmentally friendly materials and 3D printing technologies.

6

Analiza właściwości tribologicznych stopu Ti13Nb13Zr

Dąbrowski Robert

Inżynieria Materiałowa

|

2025

|

Vol. 46, nr 5

19--23

PL

Celem badań była ocena właściwości tribologicznych medycznego stopu tytanu Ti13Nb13Zr po zaproponowanej obróbce cieplnej, tj. hartowaniu z temp. 800°C i starzeniu w 350, 500 i 650°C. W teście tribologicznym w warunkach tarcia suchego wyznaczono trzy parametry: zużycie masowe, zużycie liniowe i średni współczynnik tarcia. Wykazano, że zastosowanie zabiegu starzenia po hartowaniu i zmiana mikrostruktury stopu od martenzytycznej (α') do dwufazowej (α + β) powoduje zmniejszenie jego zużycia masowego. Ponadto wraz ze wzrostem temperatury starzenia stopu w zakresie 350–650°C odnotowano wzrost współczynnika tarcia w zakresie 0,30–0,40.

EN

The aim of the research was to evaluate the tribological properties of Ti13Nb13Zr medical titanium alloy, after the proposed heat treatment, i.e., hardening from 800°C and aging at 350, 500, and 650°C. In a tribological test under dry friction conditions, three parameters were determined: mass wear, linear wear and average friction coefficient. It has been shown that the application of aging treatment after hardening and changing the alloy microstructure from martensitic (α') to two-phase (α+β) results in a reduction of its mass wear. Furthermore, with increasing aging temperature of the alloy in the range of 350–650°C, an increase in the average friction coefficient was observed, ranging from 0.30 to 0.40.

7

Experimental Characterization of AISI P21 Tool Steel/Hexagonal Boron Nitride Composites Via Directed Energy Deposition

Lee Pil-Ho, Jung Min-Kyo, Choi Joon Phil, Kim Yongrae, Ha Taeho

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2025

|

Vol. 70, iss. 3

1089--1093

EN

Directed energy deposition (DED) is a metal additive manufacturing (AM) process where material is deposited layer by layer using a focused energy source. This study investigates the effects of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) particles as solid lubricant additives in the DED process. AISI P21 tool steel was applied as the base material, with hBN added at 0.2 wt.% and 0.4 wt.% fractions. Geometrical analysis showed that P21/hBN composites had better shape accuracy and reduced over-deposition compared to pure P21, due to improved heat distribution. Tribological testing confirmed that hBN improved lubrication, reducing the coefficient of friction, though wear track depth remained consistent across samples. Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) analysis revealed grain growth with increasing hBN content, enhancing thermal stability. Overall, hBN improved part quality and lubricating performance.

8

Enhancing Mechanical, Thermal, and Tribological Properties of AA7075 Surface Composite with rGO-MWCNT Hybrid Reinforcement via Friction Stir Processing

Kundurti Sai Chand, Sharma Ambuj

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

|

2025

|

Vol. 70, iss. 2

851--867

EN

Recent surface composite developments have impacted the aerospace, energy, and construction sectors. Friction Stir Processing (FSP) can manufacture high-quality surface composites from lightweight materials. This research optimizes process parameters, including Rotational Speed (RS), Travel Speed (TS), and Number of Passes (NoP), utilizing the design of experiments (DoE) statistical quality tool. The design matrix was created using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique, and the experiments were based on the central composite design (CCD). ANOVA was used to validate the actual and projected models. Optimal FSP process parameters were utilized to create a surface composite of AA7075 with rGO and (rGO + MWCNT) reinforcements. The homogeneous reinforcement distribution on the surface composite was tested using optical microscopy. The average grain size of AA7075-T6 measured as 157±23 μm reduced to an average grain size of 7.5±1.2 μm for the rGO reinforced surface metal matrix composite (SMMC) and ultimately reduced to an average grain size of 6.5±0.7 μm for the (rGO + MWCNT) reinforced SMMC. The reduced fraction of intermetallic was identified in the microstructures, and the altered intensity of the significant XRD peaks was confirmed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Increased microhardness from 168±1.7 Hv (for BM AA7075-T6) to 190±2.4 Hv (for rGO reinforced SMMC) and further improved to a greater hardness of 196±1.8 Hv (for (rGO + MWCNT) reinforced SMMC). The impact strength improved drastically from 16±0.8 J (for BM AA7075-T6) to 21.3±1.1 J (for rGO reinforced SMMC) and greatly enhanced to 24±0.6 J (for (rGO + MWCNT) reinforced SMMC) were observed. The average thermal conductivity value of (rGO + MWCNT) reinforced SMMC showed a greater increase of 30-80 W/mK when compared to the BM. FSPed (rGO + MWCNT) SMMC specimen showed enhanced tribological properties with a reduction of nearly 65% compared to the BM. These results confirmed that the modified surface microstructures in the SMMCs by using FSP help to improve the characteristics of the AA7075-T6 alloy.

9

An experimental investigation of oil jet lubrication effects at various injection angles, cutting parameters, and pressure on surface roughness in different-speed machinery

Abdulsahib R.A., Ali M., Majeed M.H.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

|

2025

|

Vol. 133, nr 1

34--41

EN

Purpose: This study investigates oil jet lubrication’s effects in different-speed machining, testing injection angles (15° and 40°) and pressures (6–12 bar) on surface roughness and wear. Design/methodology/approach: We can achieve these goals by performing the oil jet lubrication used throughout the turning process, with two different injection angles (15° and 40°) included in the lubrication conditions. Findings: Results show optimal performance at 15° and 6 bar, reducing roughness and temperature. The findings aid in selecting lubrication parameters for improved machining efficiency. One of the more significant findings from this study is that at 40° and 6 bar of pressure, the cutting speed ranges from 48 to 264 meters per minute, with the highest temperature reaching 134%. In contrast, under 15° and 6 bar, the highest temperature is 118%. Research limitations/implications: We suggest that you carry out a quality surface, it is necessary to experiment with the cutting speed that significantly impacts the tools’ and workpiece’s wear and surface roughness. As the workpiece undergoes more plastic deformation at a higher cutting speed, a greater amount of mechanical energy is converted into heat energy, resulting in a notable increase in temperature. Low-carbon steel and various cutting tools were used in the studies. Originality/value: The effect of variables studied was cutting speeds (48, 88, 180, 264) m/min, feed rates (0.03, 0.043, 0.075) mm/rev, depths of cut (1) mm, and injection angles (15° and 40°). Lubrication pressures ranged from 6 bar to 12 bar. No one has certainly facilitated improvements in the tribological properties of (AL-Rashid Oil) SAE 15W_40 through Oil jet lubrication, which was used throughout the turning process, with two different injection angles (15° and 40°) included in the lubrication conditions.

10

Tribological Properties of AAO Coatings Catalytically Modified with Nickel

Bara Marek, Korzekwa Joanna, Niedźwiedź Mateusz, Kaptacz Sławomir

Tribologia

|

2024

|

nr 2

7--20

EN

The purpose of this work is to determine the possibility of modifying oxide coating with nickel in the catalytic process and to verify the tribological properties of the coatings as a result of such modification. The coatings were made on the EN AW-5251 aluminum alloy by electrochemical method. Nickel dispersions were obtained through thermochemical treatment of the coatings. Tribological tests were carried out in a combination of coatings with polymer, cast iron, and steel, in a reciprocating motion on the T-17 tester. The paper presents the results of tribological tests and roughness of AAO coatings modified with nickel, before and after the tribological test. The results of tribological tests were supplemented with SEM tests and statistical analysis. The tests showed the possibility of modifying the AAO coatings with nickel compounds, which, in the case of a sliding combination of the modified coating with steel, causes a significant reduction of friction forces both in the case of technically dry friction and friction with lubrication.

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy było określenie możliwości modyfikacji powłoki tlenkowej niklem w procesie katali tycznym i weryfikacja właściwości tribologicznych powłok w wyniku takiej modyfikacji. Powłoki wytworzo no na stopie aluminium EN AW-5251 metodą elektrochemiczną. Dyspersje niklu uzyskano w wyniku procesu obróbki cieplno-chemicznej powłok. Testy tribologiczne przeprowadzono w skojarzeniu powłok z polime rem, żeliwem i stalą, w ruchu posuwisto-zwrotnym na testerze T-17. W pracy przedstawiono rezultaty badań tribologicznych oraz chropowatości powłok AAO modyfikowanych niklem, przed i po teście tribologicznym. Wyniki badań tribologicznych uzupełniono o badania SEM oraz analizę statystyczną. Badania wykazały moż liwość modyfikacji powłok AAO związkami niklu, które w przypadku skojarzenia ślizgowego modyfikowa nej powłoki ze stalą powodują znaczne obniżenie sił tarcia zarówno w przypadku tarcia technicznie suchego, jak i tarcia ze smarowaniem.

11

The tool steels tribological properties after finish turning using PCBN blades

Jenek M., Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz A. D., Ociepa M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 125, nr 2

56--66

EN

Purpose: The work aimed to determine the possibility of replacing the grinding operation of Vanadis 4 Extra Super Clean and Vanadis 23 Extra Super Clean powder steels with a turning operation using PCBN cutting tools available on the market. Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents tribological properties test results of two kinds of hardened powder tool steels, i.e. Vanadis 4 Extra SuperClean and Vanadis 23 SuperClean, as well as Sverker 21 alloy steel after finish turning with coated and uncoated polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) cutting tools. The tribological properties of the materials, including friction coefficient and wear intensity, were studied and analysed. Findings: The largest increase in wear intensity in the entire range of the tested loads was obtained for tribological pairs with samples treated with uncoated blades and TiAlN-coated blades, regardless of the type of material. The analysis showed that in the entire range of the tested tribological pair loading, Sverker 21 – X153CrMoV12 alloy steel, the highest values of the mean friction coefficient were obtained for the samples treated with uncoated blades and TiAlN coated blades. Different results were obtained during the research on the tribological properties of both powder steels. In the entire range of the tested load, the highest values of the average friction coefficient were obtained for the samples machined with TiN-coated blades. Research limitations/implications: Despite the obvious advantages, hard machining of powder steels is not widely used in industry today. The reasons for the relatively low popularity of turning heat-treated materials, including powder steels, can be found in the still very high costs of PCBN tools, making it necessary to select optimal machining parameters and appropriate cutting tools to ensure production economic viability. Practical implications: The tool steels' tribological properties after finish turning using PCBN blades are similar to those properis obtained after the grinding process. Originality/value: The analysis showed the possibility of replacing the grinding process with finish turning using PCBN blades of steel tools. However, this process requires properly selecting the blade type suitable for the processed material.

12

Effect of vibration on mechanical and tribological characteristics during friction stir processed FeAlCrMoNb high entropy alloys particle reinforced AZ 31 Mg alloy

Zhou Zhaofeng, Paidar Moslem, Eslami-Farsan Reza, Vignesh R. Vaira, Boroujeni Mohammad Razazi, Men Jing

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2024

|

Vol. 24, no. 3

art. no. e183, 2024

EN

In this investigation, through the use of friction stir processing (FSP), the role of vibration and FeAlCrMoNb HEA particles in modifying the microstructure and tribological performance of a novel AZ31/FeAlCrMoNb composite is appraised. The results showed that the application of vibration during FSP can be used as a successful approach for achieving applicable tribological and mechanical features through the use of FeAlCrMoNb particles. Additionally, it was discovered that the utilization of vibration leads to a conspicuous improvement in shear punch strength and hardness concerning traditional FSP that can be attributed to properly scattering the reinforcements across the Mg substrate and eliminating flaws, including the aggregation and gathering of reinforcing powders, achieved by implementing vibration during the process, resulting in enhanced SPT strength.

13

Tribological properties of textured diamond-like carbon coating

Kalinowski Artur

Technical Transactions

|

2023

|

Vol. 120, iss. 1

art. no. e2023004

EN

This paper presents selected mechanical and tribological properties of DLC coatings (diamond-like carbon coatings) and the results of an applied texture to improve these properties under specific circumstances. It presents the results of the selection of parameters for the laser-texturing process of DLC coatings using a picosecond laser with a wavelength of 343 nm.

14

Spark plasma sintering of Al-SiC composites with high SiC content: study of microstructure and tribological properties

Leszczyńska-Madej Beata, Madej Marcin, Wąsik Anna, Garbiec Dariusz

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 23, no. 4

art. e229, 1--13

EN

The article presents the results of the microstructure and tribological properties of Al-xSiC composites (x =70 and 90 wt% SiC) produced in spark plasma sintering (SPS). Due to their attractive thermal, physical, and mechanical properties, aluminum matrix composites with high-volume fractions of silicon carbide (> 50%) have become a major area of interest as a potential material for multifunctional electronic packaging and cryogenic applications. The SPS process was carried out in a vacuum atmosphere under various conditions. Composites with a density close to theoretical (96-98%) were obtained. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with EDS analysis were used to characterize the microstructure. Mechanical properties were determined by hardness measurements and a three-point bending test. The tribological properties of the composites were determined utilizing a block-on-ring tribotester. As a criterion for wear resistance, weight loss measured under specific friction conditions, that is, depending on the type of material and the applied load, was adopted. The researched materials were characterized by an even distribution of the carbide phase in the matrix. Composites with the highest SiC phase content (90 wt%) had higher hardness (2537 HV1) and flexural strength (242} 15 MPa) with worse wear resistance at the same time. The weight loss of this composite was 0.43 and 0.76% for friction under loads of 100 and 200 N, respectively, and was 360 and 270% higher than that determined for the composites with the lower content of the SiC phase (70 wt%). The wear rate was three times higher for the Al-90wt%SiC composites.

15

Physicochemical and Tribological Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Hydrolysate and Hydrolysate with Surfactants as Potential Lubricant Bases

Sułek Marian W., Szczerek Marian, Przepiórka Marian

Tribologia

|

2022

|

nr 2

67--78

EN

The study aimed to confirm the hypothesis that aqueous solutions of polymers with surfactants meet the criteria of ecological lubricant bases. An oat hydrolysate was used as the macromolecular substance, and the surfactants were successively: sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES), Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (SLS). The research was carried out for two-component solutions (water, hydrolysate) and three-component solutions (water, hydrolysate, surfactant). In order to document this thesis, tribological tests were performed with a constant and increasing load as a function of time. Stationary tests with loads of 2, 3, and 4 kN confirmed the predictions that active substances in two- and three-component solutions create a lubricating film that transfers high loads with relatively low motion and wear resistance. The stability and durability of the lubricating film were confirmed under the conditions of increasing load at a speed of 409 N/s. An approximately 12-fold increase in the seizing load for the hydrolysate solutions in relation to water was found, and the maximum load value for the T02 tester (7200 N) was achieved. The durability of the lubricating film was mainly determined by the adsorption of the hydrolysate, which was confirmed by physicochemical tests.

PL

Celem pracy było potwierdzenie hipotezy, że wodne roztwory polimerów z surfaktantami spełniają kryteria ekologicznych baz substancji smarowych. Jako substancję wielkocząsteczkową zastosowano hydrolizat owsa, a surfaktantami były kolejno: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES), Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (SLS). Badania przeprowadzono dla roztworów dwuskładnikowych (woda, hydrolizat) oraz trójskładnikowych (woda, hydrolizat, surfaktant). Aby udokumentować tę tezę wykonano badania tribologiczne przy stałym i wzrastającym w funkcji czasu obciążeniu. Testy stacjonarne przy obciążeniach 2, 3, 4 kN potwierdziły przewidywania, że substancje ak tywne w roztworach dwu- i trójskładnikowych tworzą film smarowy, który przenosi wysokie obciążenia przy relatywnie niskich oporach ruchu i zużycia. Stabilność i trwałość filmu smarowego została potwierdzona w warunkach wzrostu obciążenia z szybkością 409 N/s. Stwierdzono około 12-krotny wzrost obciążenia zacierającego dla roztworów hydrolizatu względem wody oraz osiągniętą maksymalną dla testera T02 wartości obciążenia (7200 N). O trwałości filmu smarowego zdecydowała głównie adsorpcja hydrolizatu, co zostało potwierdzone badaniami fizykochemicznymi.

16

Effect of TiB2 on tribological properties of as-cast Zn-Al-Cu/SiC composites using Taguchi and ANOVA techniques

Chebolu Rohinikumar, Nallu Ramanaiah, Chanamala Ratnam

Composites Theory and Practice

|

2022

|

R. 22, nr 2

79--86

EN

The present study presents an evaluation of the tribological properties of the as-cast Zn-Al-Cu alloy-based hybrid metal matrix composite and also the effect of the weight percent of TiB2. The hybrid composites were fabricated using ultrasonic assisted stir casting with 5 wt.% silicon carbide (SiC) and varying X wt.% (0, 5, 10) of titanium diboride (TiB2). A pin-on-disc type tribometer was used to ascertain the tribological properties like the wear rate and coefficient of friction (COF). The influence of various parameters like the weight percentage of TiB2 particles (0, 5 and 10 %), loads (10, 20 and 30 N) and sliding speeds (0.25, 0.5 and 1 m/s) on the tribological behaviour was determined using the L9 orthogonal array for Taguchi and ANOVA.

17

Influence of laser texturing on tribological properties of DLC coatings

Radek Norbert, Tokar Dorota, Kalinowski Artur, Pietraszek Jacek

Production Engineering Archives

|

2021

|

Vol. 27, Iss. 2

119--123

EN

The work presents the use of laser texturing of DLC coatings to improve tribological properties. The coatings were applied by the PVD method to the rings made of 4H13 steel. The surface texturing was = 343 nm.performed with the TruMICRO 5325c picosecond laser with the radiation wavelength The surface microstructure analysis, surface microgeometry and microhardness measurements and tribological tests were carried out. The problem presented in the paper can be used to extend the knowledge of the areas of application of DLC coatings, especially in sliding friction pairs.

18

Influence of different hard-facing procedures on quality of surfaces of regenerated gears

Nikolić Ružica R., Marković Svetislav, Arsić Dušan, Lazić Vukić, Hadzima Branislav, Ulewicz Robert

Production Engineering Archives

|

2021

|

Vol. 27, Iss. 4

257--264

EN

During the process of regeneration of machine parts, certain phenomena occur that have a significant impact on the loss of their working ability. Hereditary properties are expressed by the interdependence of geometric and physical-mechanical-metallurgical parameters of gear teeth created during the technological operations of regeneration of worn teeth by hard-facing. The influence of the type of additional material (electrodes and their combinations) on the tribological characteristics of welded gear teeth was considered, whereby the so-called hard additional materials were applied. Those are the additional materials that give the required surface hardness of the teeth without subsequent thermal or thermochemical treatment. This research did not involve the regeneration of specific worn gears removed from machine systems, but the new gears were made, which were then damaged and then regenerated by hard-facing using the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) procedure. Thus, all the tested gears were made of the same material, belonged to one batch and were machined on the same machines with the same machining regimes. The tests were performed on samples made of 20MnCr5 steel for cementation, on a tribometer by the “block on disc” method, which was designed to simulate the operating conditions of coupled teeth of concrete gears in the exploitation conditions. Based on the conducted tribological tests, the average coefficients of friction and topography of the surfaces were determined by measuring the wear trace and it was defined which additional materials give the best tribological characteristics of the surfaces of gears regenerated by hard-facing.

19

Effect of part build orientations and sliding wear factors on tribological characteristics of FDM processed parts

Alamro Turki, Yunus Mohammed, Alfattani Rami, Alnaser Ibrahim A.

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

|

2021

|

LXVIII, nr 3

321--336

EN

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) components are commonly used for either prototypes or end products, mostly made of polymers. Polymers offer low frictional resistance to wear, so most of the engineering polymers find their increased usage in day-to-day industrial as well as domestic needs. The influence of many process controlling elements on the mechanical part properties is already being studied extensively, which demands the study of tribological characteristics like friction and wear rate under varying normal load (NL), sliding velocities (V) and part building orientations (PBO). The results showed a significant impact of the PBO and NL at various V on the tribological properties under various significant suitable sliding circumstances. Cracks were formed in the cylindrical tribometer specimens of Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) fabricated at low PBO when operated at high NL, and V. Vertical PBO to the FDM building platform in the layers form where a number of inter-layers can bear maximum NL at higher values of V resulted in uniform wear and low frictions. Friction was noticed very low at minimum NL when PBO was 0° (horizontal) and 90° (vertical), but increased at high NL between PBO of 15° to 60°. The FDM parts improved compared to those from conventional manufacturing processes.

20

Comparison of tribological properties and structure of coatings produced in powder flame spraying process on grey cast iron

Czupryński Artur, Adamiak Marcin, Bayraktar Emin, Wyględacz Bernard

Welding Technology Review

|

2020

|

R. 92, nr 3

7--21

EN

In this article results of tribological and structural properties comparison of flame sprayed, by SupJet-S-Eutalloy® multipurpose system, two self-fluxing alloys of Ni-B-Si type in the form of powder for spraying with remelting are presented. Layers were produced on EN-GJL-250 grade grey cast iron with flake graphite in an austenitic matrix. Abrasive wear resistance examination acc. to ASTM G65-00 and erosive wear resistance examination acc. to ASTM G76-2 were performed. Obtained results were compared with abrasion-resistant steel Hardox® 400. Macro- and microscopic examination were carried enabling layer quality evaluation and structure of examined layer and base material determination. X-ray microanalysis was performed to obtain qualitative and quantitative data about microareas chemical composition. The Eutalloy® BronzoChrom 10185 powder flame sprayed layer with higher Boron and Silicon content was characterized by 13% lower wear intensity under mineral abrasive conditions and about 30% higher erosion wear resistance than Eutalloy® NiTec 10224 powder flame sprayed layer.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące porównania właściwości tribologicznych i strukturalnych powłok, natryskiwanych płomieniowo za pomocą wielofunkcyjnego systemu SupJet-S-Eutalloy® dwoma różniącymi się składem chemicznym samotopnikującymi stopami typu Ni-B-Si w postaci proszku metalicznego przeznaczonego do natrysku z jednoczesnym przetopieniem. Powłoki wykonano na podłożu z żeliwa szarego gatunku EN-GJL-250 z grafitem płatkowym w osnowie austenitycznej. Przeprowadzono badania odporności na zużycie ścierne wg normy ASTM G65-00 oraz odporności na zużycie erozyjne zgodnie z normą ASTM G 76-2. Uzyskane wyniki porównano z parametrami zużycia abrazyjnego stali trudnościeralnej Hardox® 400. Wykonano obserwacje metalograficzne makro i mikroskopowe pozwalające na określenie jakości powłok oraz struktur badanych warstw i materiału podłoża. W celu określenia jakościowego i ilościowego składu chemicznego mikroobszarów powłok przeprowadzono badania metodą mikroanalizy rentgenowskiej. Stwierdzono, że powłoka natryskiwana płomieniowo proszkiem Eutalloy® BronzoChrom 10185 zawierającym większe stężenie boru i krzemu wykazywała o ok. 13% mniejszą intensywność zużycia pod wpływem oddziaływania ścierniwa mineralnego oraz o ok. 30% większą odporność na zużycie erozyjne niż powłoka natryskiwana płomieniowo proszkiem Eutalloy® NiTec 10224.