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EN
The purpose of the carried-out examinations was to verify the receiving sensitivity of the hydrophone placed inside a protective housing. In order to increase resistance to damage, the hydrophone Reson TC4032 has been adapted to work in difficult environmental conditions. Using a comparative method, we analyzed the receiving sensitivity within a predetermined frequency band. The experiment was carried with two hydrophones: the examined one, and a reference one. An underwater speaker with a function generator was used as the sound source. The studies have been conducted in a water tank under laboratory conditions. In situ studies have determined the decrease of the receiving sensitivity of the hydrophone equipped with the protective housing.
2
Content available Silent Calls – Causes and Measurements
EN
The quality of telephone services is very important from either operator or subscriber point of view. One of the negative phenomenon which affects quality of telephone services is lack of speech signal during a call. This situation occurs relatively frequently in mobile telephony, and is called silent call (SC). Lack of speech signal can occur only once or many times during the call, and degrade connection quality. In this paper, an analysis of this phenomenon is presented. The research base are the results of measurements mobile network one of operators in Trójmiasto a large urban area consisting of three cities: Gdańsk, Gdynia, and Sopot. To estimate impact of silent calls on speech quality, mean opinion score index was calculated using POLQA algorithm.
3
Content available 1-D equivalent circuit for RF MEMS capacitive switch
EN
In this paper the equivalent circuit for an accurate model of the RF (Radio Frequency) MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems) capacitive switch is presented. The capacitive switch consists of a thin metal membrane, which name is bridge suspended over central conductor and connected at both ends to the ground conductor of CPW (coplanar waveguide). The equivalent circuit was created based on multi-physic modelling, elements analogues, and electrical equivalences. Mechanical and electrical forces are included in the equivalent circuit as current sources. The usefulness and effectiveness of the model was verified through results comparison with the commercial APLAC software and mathematical modelling in Matlab software. The novelty of the paper is the equivalent circuit, which is useful to simulate linear and non-linear cases of the RF MEMS capacitive switch and also the novelty is an implementation of the equivalent circuit in LTSpice, which is a freeware circuits simulator.
EN
In this paper, a robust method to analyse a simple model of a RF (Radio Frequency) MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems) capacitive switch is depicted. The method is based on multi-physics phenomenons and interdependencies between different physics domains. A component, which enables to link variety of the physics domains is an electrical equivalent circuit. Such equivalent circuit has been created in LTSpice software, which is a freeware circuits simulator. This electrical equivalent schematic enables to run static, frequency domain, transient analysis. The presented method enables simultaneous simulations in an electrical, mechanical and electro-mechanical domain. Obtained results were verified by the comparison with the results of a commercial software, a scientific software and data from literature. The method, presented in the paper gives robust, accurate results in the one-dimensional analysis domain of simple mechanical resonators, which are simplified mechanical models of the RF MEMS capacitive switches.
EN
In this paper Modified Two Fields Problem Approach is presented. This method is based on FIT (Finite Integration Technique), on replacement of 3D (three-dimensional) analysis with 2D analysis and on empirical formulas. The starting point to create this method was desire to reduce order models, to decrease computation time and needed computation power. The proposed method is a hybrid method, which essential element is to use new, empirical formulas of p.u.l. (per unit length) capacitance. The method is applied to compute p.u.l. R (resistance), L (inductance), C (capacitance), G (conductance) and propagation quantities like effective dielectric permittivity ɛeff, attenuation α , characteristic impedance Zo of passive IC (integrated circuits) elements working at high frequency. Usefulness and effectiveness of the method was verified through results comparison with commercial software and with 3D FIT method. Comparison was made on example of Microstripe PIC (Photonic Integrated Circuit) structure.
6
Content available remote Solving RFIC Simulation Tasks Using GPU Computations
EN
New generation of General Purpose Graphic Processing Unit (GPGPU) cards with their large computation power allow to approach difficult tasks from Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFICs) modeling area. Using different electromagnetic modeling methods, the Finite Element Method (FEM) and the Finite Integration Technique (FIT), to model Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC) devices, large linear equations systems have to be solved. This paper presents the benefits of using Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) computations for solving such systems which are characterized by sparse complex matrices. CUSP is a GPU generic parallel algorithms library for sparse linear algebra and graph computations based on Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA). The code is calling iterative methods available in CUSP in order to solve those complex linear equation systems. The tests were performed on various Central Processing Units (CPU) and GPU hardware configurations. The results of these tests show that using GPU computations for solving the linear equations systems, the electromagnetic modeling process of RFIC devices can be accelerated and at the same time a high level of computation accuracy is maintained. Tests were carried out on matrices obtained for an integrated inductor designed for RFICs, and for Micro Stripe (MS) designed for Photonics Integrated Circuit (PIC).
EN
The main purpose of this paper is to present approach to QoS/QoE monitoring and parametric model creation for IPTV service. Monitoring system was used to perform on-line monitoring both MPEG TS parameters and subjective assessments (MOS). The second part of this work present parametric model for IPTV service, which describes relationships between single network parameters such as: jitter, packet loss, packet corrupt and throughput and subjective/objective quality measures (MOS, MSE). Created model shows influence of modified network conditions on the perceived video quality for variety vide o sequences extracted from IPTV network stream. This work also presents methodology of tests and their results which can be used to estimate the perceived quality for changes associated with modification of single network parameters.
PL
Głównym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie podejścia do monitorowania QoS/QoE i tworzenia modeli parametrycznych dla usługi IPTV. System monitorowania został użyty do monitorowania on-line parametrów (TS) MPEG i subiektywnej oceny (MOS). Druga część pracy prezentuje model parametryczny dla usług IPTV, który opisuje relacje między poszczególnymi parametrami sieciowymi, takimi jak: jitter, utrata pakietów, pakiety uszkodzone i przepustowość oraz subiektywnych/obiektywnych miar jakości (MOS, MSE). Stworzony model pokazuje wpływ zmiany warunków sieciowych na postrzeganą jakość wideo dla różnych sekwencji wideo pochodzących ze strumienia IPTV. Praca przedstawia również metodologię badań i wyniki, które można wykorzystać do oszacowania postrzeganej jakości zmian związanych z modyfikacją poszczególnych parametrów sieciowych.
8
Content available Interconnect elements propagation quantities in PIC
EN
This paper describes methods to extract nominal values of propagation quantities for thin-film, straight interconnect elements. The propagation quantities like effective dielectric permittivity ɛeff, attenuation α, characteristic impedance Zo are calculated with the use of analytical and approximated formulas. These expressions are obtained by transforming and by fitting formulas, typically used for calculation of per unit length transmission line parameters. Methods are verified for typical thin-film interconnect elements dimensions and for typical materials used in the Photonics Integrated Circuits (PIC). The novelty of the study is the parametrization with respect to the geometrical dimensions. The parametrization is based on the approximation expressions in the form of rational polynomials obtained by fitting.
9
Content available QoS Conditions for VoIP and VoD
EN
This paper concerns quality evaluation of the telecommunication services: VoIP (representing the RT interactive class) and VoD (representing the MM streaming class). Subjective and objective methods and tools for perceived quality measurement are analyzed and compared. Subjective tests are performed for selected video sequences using the Double-Stimulus Impairment Scale (DSIS) method. Thus the objective algorithms (VQM and VQmon) are calibrated. Speech quality is measured using the objective methods: PESQ and POLQA. Threshold values for network parameters (packet loss rate, delay jitter) are set, that guarantee the acceptable service quality.
PL
Omówiono najważniejsze prace dotyczące systemów teletransmisyjnych SDH oraz ich synchronizacji prowadzone w Zakładzie Systemów Teletransmisyjnych w latach 1993-2000.
EN
This article describes shortly most important works done at Transmission System Division on SDH systems and their synchronization within the period 1993-2000.
PL
Pokazano koncepcję zdalnego monitorowania parametrów linii ADSL przez operatora korzystającego z usługi Bitstream Access. Przedstawiono zarys implementacji, środowisko testowe oraz wyniki zdalnego monitorowania parametrów połączenia ADSL wykorzystującego protokół CWMP.
EN
An idea of remote monitoring of ADSL tramsmission parameters is given. Implementation, testing anvironment, and results of validation tests of system which based on CWMP protocol are described.
PL
Omówiono podstawowe cechy trzech typów systemów przewodowego szerokopasmowego dostępu abonenckiego: FITL, xDSL i HFC. Dokonano porównania ich własności, biorąc pod uwagę przede wszystkim dostępność, zasięg i możliwą do osiągnięcia szybkość transmisji.
EN
In the paper short descriptions of three types of wire access systems, na-mely: FITL, xDSL and HFC are given. Taking to account accessibility, rangę and bit rate a comparison of these systems are presented.
PL
Omówiono najważniejsze cechy systemów dostępowych VDSL2. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono analizie różnic między systemami VDSL2 i starszą wersją systemów VDSL.
EN
The paper presents the most significant features of very high speed digital subscriber line access systems VDSL2. Short comparison of the first version VDSL systems and their new version (VDSL2) is given.
PL
Omówiono podstawy systemów VDSL. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na trudności w uzyskiwaniu dużych szybkości transmisji w parze miedzianej oraz pokazano rozwiązania systemowe pozwalające na pokonanie tych trudności.
EN
In the paper the state of the art. in very high digital subscriber linę system is described. Especially system solutions of high bite rates transmission are shown.
PL
Przedstawiono propozycję badania jakości transmisji mowy za pomocą zdań nieprzewidywalnych semantycznie. Badano wyrazistość sygnału mowy na przykładzie przesyłania mowy przez sieć Internet w technice VolP. Wybrane systemy do testów to popularny Skype, softphone X-Lite z dwoma koderami mowy oraz eFon z koderem iLBC, które badano w sieci z kontrolowaną stratą pakietów. Dokonano przeglądu metod badania jakości mowy, zaprezentowano metodę testów SUS. Opisano również eksperyment, w którym porównywano badane systemy telefonii internetowej, a także eksperyment, w którym porównywano metodę zdań SUS z klasyczną metodą badania wyrazistości logatomowej. Wskazano na zalety metody zdań SUS.
EN
In this paper it is proposed to assess quality of speech signal transmission using Semantically Unpredictable Sentences (SUS). Articulation quality of speech signal has been examined, using the example of Voice over IP transmission. Popular Skype, X-Lite softphone with 2 speech coders (G. 711, GSM) and eFon with iLBC coder we-re the VolP systems selected for testing. The tests were conducted in an IP network with controlled loss of packets. The article presents a summary of speech quality assessment methods and describes the proposed SUS method. An experiment with participation of 20 listeners aiming at comparing the selected VolP systems is presented, as well as an experiment with 10 participants, which was meant to show a comparison between SUS method and classical logatom articulation method. The experiments showed that semantically unpredictable sentences can be successfully used in assessment of speech transmission quality; a strong correlation between results of SUS tests and logatom articulation tests has been shown. Advantages of SUS method have been underlined, such as ease of use and simplicity of results interpretation.
PL
Pokazano rozwój systemów teletransmisyjnych od początku ich istnienia aż do współczesności. Przedstawiono najważniejsze cechy systemów hierarchii PDH, SDH, NG-SDH i OTH.
EN
The paper concerns aspects of transmission systems evolution and state. The most important features of PDH, SDH, NG-SDH and OTH hierarchies are given.
PL
Przedstawiono parametry toru transmisyjnego wpływające na jakość mowy transmitowanej w sieciach komórkowych. Omówiono wyniki badania wpływu tych parametrów na jakość sygnału mowy. Opisano metodę VoQ oraz uzyskane wyniki oceny jakości mowy z parametrów przekazywanych podczas transmisji.
EN
This paper presents subjective and objective measurement methods of speech quality. Selected transmission parameters was described and showed their influence on speech quality. This paper presents description of VoQ method. Finally, it was make a choice of right methods in order to speech quality assessment in cellular network.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badania zrozumiałości fonemowej w różnego rodzaju łańcuchach telefonicznych. Badania wykonano pośrednio mierząc wyrazistość logatomową dla połączeń stacjonarnych i komórkowych, a także modelując kanały transmisji pakietowej oraz dla mowy syntetyzowanej z tekstu. Omówiono zasady doboru logatomów do badań, a także przedstawiono propozycje modyfikacji metody badania wyrazistości logatomowej.
EN
This paper presents results of Polish phonemes intelligibility investigations in many kinds of phone chains. Fixed, mobile networks, and packet transmission are taken into account. Also, phonemes intelligibility for synthetic speech is estimated. Used method used is based on logatoms. Rules for logatoms list preparation and a proposal a modification of the method are described.
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